CN103141292B - Double-cropping planting method for oil sunflowers in coast heavy saline soil - Google Patents
Double-cropping planting method for oil sunflowers in coast heavy saline soil Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a double-cropping planting method for oil sunflowers in coast heavy saline soil. The double-cropping planting method for the oil sunflowers in the coast heavy saline soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of: A, confirming a heat-suitable area and suitable sowing time for the oil sunflowers; B, building raised field-shallow pond reformed heavy saline soil; C, planting the oil sunflowers in raised fields in spring and summer and performing sea-ice water irrigation; and D, harvesting. The double-cropping planting method for the oil sunflowers in the coast heavy saline soil has the beneficial effects that a stable soil environment is provided to planting of the oil sunflowers by utilizing a reforming method of building raised fields-shallow ponds; water demand for the oil sunflower sowing time and a growth period is guaranteed through the sea-ice water irrigation, and therefore, the land utilization efficiency and the yield of the oil sunflowers are greatly increased, and the problems that land and water resources of the coast heavy saline soil are unused and the land production potential is low are solved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water resource to utilize and beach saline land improving technology field, especially a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season implantation methods.
Background technology
Coastal region heat is sufficient, saline land aboundresources, but the shortage of freshwater resources seriously limits strand agricultural sustainable development.Traditional alkaline land improving mainly drenches the filling row measure realization of salt, extracting underground water, lowering of watertable by fresh water.Littoral in strand, the coastal saline-alkali soil of about more than 2,000 ten thousand mu is difficult to owing to lacking fresh water utilize, and crop is difficult to growth.The Bohai Sea is the icing marine site that latitude is minimum in the world, and through the sea ice that natural low temperature process is formed, its salinity is far below seawater, although therefore this region scarcity of fresh water resources, and sea ice aboundresources.
201010241434.2) and " a kind of saline and alkali land improvement method " (patent No.: 201010256362.9) see patent " device of a kind of sea ice or salt water ice desalting and the technique " (patent No.:, these two patents, according to beach saline land shortage of fresh water, the resourceful feature of sea ice resource and saline land, have invented the techniques and methods obtaining fresh water and saline land comprehensive reformation in sea ice.In research, Sea ice is by the lower Sea ice water (abbreviation sea ice water) of the salinity of the series of measures acquisitions such as sea ice collection, transport, storage, gravity desalinization, its total salt content can be low to moderate 0.8g/L, chloride 88.10mg/L, sulphate 140.22mg/L, water quality meets farmland irrigation water standard, but in order to obtain larger water consumption, sea ice water water quality index is suitably relaxed according to crop habit and soil water-stable aggregates Transport etc. usually.Sea ice water after desalination is generally stored in the tank of similar small reservoir, needs to be transported to field in modes such as pipelines at any time according to agricultural planting, and therefore in essence, the irrigation of freezing of sea ice water and salt water has very large difference.In saline and alkali land improvement method research, raised fields-shallow pond is that the mode by digging Chi Zhutai makes plow layer away from saline groundwater, final formation raised fields plantation and the shallow pool cultivated saline land comprehensive improvement Land use models combined, its spatially three-dimensional Distribution Pattern has regulation and control weather drought and waterlogging and reduces the functions such as saline and alkaline, and production environment is more stable.But Sea ice and alkaline land improvement are need compared with high investment after all, high investment must have high production, and this is market discipline, but does not provide the efficient Plant plane of high crop yield and concrete operation method in above-mentioned research.Because the crop-planting technology under different soil and water resources or different land use patterns has larger difference, therefore need to explore by lot of experiments the high crop yield Plant plane be suitable under specific environment on the basis of above-mentioned technology.
A kind of important oil crop of You Kuishi China, have certain Saline alkali tolerance, have large-area plantation in light moderate RS in Alkali Region.Because Crop growing stage is short, the idle land exposed time of planting oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers under traditional planting models (One-season Planting) is long; Be subject under the function influence such as underground water jacking and evaporation bare soil, heavy saline-alkali area at seashore topsoil soils salt content wide-amplitude fluctuation within the scope of 1-9g/L, agriculture production environment extremely unstable.Therefore, direction and the key issue that a kind of agriculture production environment is stablized, the efficient oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers high-yield planting mechanism of high crop yield, Land_use change is strand agricultural sustainable development is set up.See patent " heavy saline-alkali area at seashore plants the method for oily the certain herbaceous plants with big flowers " (patent No.: 201110230955.2), invent and to have oiled the method for certain herbaceous plants with big flowers One-season Planting at the freeze heavy saline-alkali area at seashore of irrigating improvement of saline groundwater, in the method, irrigation with saline water mode of freezing only has ensured that the sowing in spring of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and seeding stage need water, and cannot ensure that late growth stage needs water; After the remodeling method of its raised fields+reed bundle meets salt water ice-out, high concentration salt water is arranged smoothly and is oozed, but can not effectively cut off saline groundwater and carry salinity to earth's surface, so its reforming mode is also different from raised fields-shallow pond.Therefore utilize existing resource, the heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers high-yield planting scheme under the new type water soil resource environment that sea ice water and raised fields-shallow pond mode are built jointly also needs more constantly to attempt and sum up.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide implantation methods of a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season, Suitable Area, suitable date of seeding is determined by calculating, raised fields-shallow pond transformation salinity ground, the series of measures such as Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water and two seasons plantation in a year, make topsoil away from saline groundwater, improve and stable soil water salt environment, increase substantially the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers output in unit are soil.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is:
One heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season implantation methods, comprises following steps:
A, confirmation heat Suitable Area and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers fit date of seeding: according to local 30 years meteorological datas, and confirm that growing area weather conditions meet accumulated temperature and are greater than 4000 DEG C of days, the number of days that temperature is stablized by 10 DEG C is greater than 180 days; Calculate stable by 10 DEG C of probability be 95% first day and all day, select the date of stable just 7 days days in advance as the spring sowing first season actual sowing time; Select the date of stable 90 days in advance all day as the summer sowing second season actual sowing time; Wherein, the actual sowing time of the second season sunflower suitably can shift to an earlier date in conjunction with the date of the first season sunflower results;
B, build raised fields-transformation improvement saline land, shallow pond: before rainy season, measurement, setting-out on selected heavy saline-alkali area at seashore, determine stake, mechanical stripping former saline land upper soll layer is less than 30 centimetres of both sides of banking up, and digs Chi Zhutai, and the table soil uniform fold peeled off the most at last is on newly-built raised fields; Arrange the ridge, limit, level land, after experiencing the drip washing in rainy season then, platform body structure tends towards stability;
C, raised fields divide the spring, season in summer two plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water: implantation methods raised fields adopting point spring, Xia Liangji in a year;
To sow in spring the first season oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water 2-3 time in breeding time, wherein adopt furrow irrigation mode spring irrigation 1 time, irrigation volume is 30-40 millimeter; Flower bud phase or milk ripe stage, adopt furrow irrigation mode to irrigate 1-2 time, and irrigation volume is 20-30 millimeter;
Summer sowing second season oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, adopt sowing time furrow irrigation mode to irrigate 1 time, irrigation volume is 20-30 millimeter; The sea ice water salt content of above-mentioned irrigation is not all higher than 3g/L; The sowing of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, emerge after in time final singling, fill the gaps with seedlings, mu strain number 3800-4000 strain; Weeding in time in vegetative period, insect-pest, and note water drainage, to ensure that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers normally emerges and grows;
D, results: gather when oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is ripe; Gather in the crops in time when wherein the first season sunflower is ripe, avoided delay for the second season sunflower sowing time.
In described steps A, the sunflower cultivars of two season plantation is early-maturing variety, and its breeding time of sowing in spring is 85-92 days.
In described step B, select the varieties in saline-alkali areas being less than 1.5 meters in subterranean water level, first mechanical stripping 0-30 centimetre of upper soll layer, then deep-cuts pond Gao Zhutai, dark 2.0 meters of shallow pond, wide 15-30 rice suitable for reading, and length is not less than 100 meters and is advisable; Raised fields is high 2 meters, wide 20-30 rice suitable for reading, and length is not less than 100 meters and is advisable, and after basic shaping, covers on newly-built raised fields, smooth raised fields by the former saline land upper soll layer peeled off, and by 45 degree of slope angles finishing raised fields and shallow pool side slope, completes alkaline land improvement.
In described step B, raised fields-shallow pond is built process and need be completed before rainy season, and the Second Year raised fields of experience rainy season precipitation drip washing starts for plantation; Shallow pond has the double breeding function of rain flood of regulating and storing.
In described step C, in 1 year point first season sow in spring and the summer sowing second season two season implantation methods; Wherein the first season sunflower seeding method of trench sowing overlay film, the seeding method of the second season sunflower without film ridge planting.
In described step C, in the seeding method of the first season sunflower with trench sowing overlay film, line space adopts large row 60 centimetres, little row 40 centimetres, opens shallow ridges inside little row both sides, and dark 10 centimetres of shallow ridges, two shallow ridges are at a distance of 40 centimetres, according to mu field planting 3800 strain, spacing in the rows 33 centimetres, adopts some broadcast mode, 2,4 every cave program request, in shallow ridges, sow oil sunflower, and after earthing 3-5 centimetre, gently cover soil, earthing is made to contact with seed to be closely beneficial to and preserve soil moisture and emerge, last overlay film firming Windproof thermal insulation.
In described step C, the second season sunflower is with in the seeding method without film ridge planting, and line space adopts line-spacing 50 centimetres, and spacing in the rows 33 centimetres, mu field planting 3800-4000 strain, sows after ridging on ridge, ridge height 10-15 centimetre, seed level 3-5 centimetre.
In described step C, described sea ice water started to store mid-January in winter, through sea ice collection, transport, storage, gravity desalinization series of measures, was down to below 0.8g/L in sea ice water salt content at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March and stored for future use.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: utilize the remodeling method building raised fields-shallow pond to plant for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and provide stable soil environment, by the utilization of Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water, provide oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers sowing and breeding time water demand, ensure that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers normal growth, and in year, topsoil salt content has no increase trend; The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers main growing period of point spring, the plantation of season in summer two avoids the impact of damage by disease and insect, the organic coordination natural resourcess such as water, soil, gas, heat, and efficiently, ultimate output improves Land_use change greatly; The present invention is simple to operate, and planting environment is stable, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers per unit area yield significantly improves, and is adapted at the application of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore district; The present invention can promote the coastal saline-alkali oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers industry development in area, improves land utilization rate, increases farmers' income and improve the ecological environment, have significant economy, society and ecological benefits; The present invention effectively improves oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ripening rate and output, significantly increase land utilization efficiency and output, efficiently solve the coastal saline-alkali area problem that water and soil resources leave unused, Land Productivity is low, also serve simultaneously and bring good to and remove all evil, avoid risk, improve the object of agriculture production environment, therefore have a wide range of applications promotion prospect.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is double-season sunflower spring sowing period first season administrative division map.
Fig. 2 is double-season sunflower summer sowing second season term area figure.
Fig. 3 is two season plantation output results comparative analysis figure.
In figure, white portion part is the area being not suitable for heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season implantation methods, and dash area is the area of implantation methods of suitable heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season.
Embodiment
The present invention is implantation methods of a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season, utilize the remodeling method building raised fields-shallow pond to plant for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and provide stable soil environment, by the utilization of Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water ensured the sowing of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and breeding time water demand, significantly add land utilization efficiency and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers output, solve the coastal saline-alkali area problem that water and soil resources leave unused, Land Productivity is low.
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described.
Specific embodiment, the land reclamation method that invention uses and various raw material are conventional method and conventional commercial product (except sea ice water), all can be realized by conventionally calculation and market approach and obtain.The storage of sea ice water is see patent " device of a kind of sea ice or salt water ice desalting and the technique " (patent No.: 201010241434.2), preparation is started mid-January in winter, in Bohai Sea Gulf, carry out sea ice collection, transport, storage, gravity desalinization series of measures near the mouth of row river port, prompt south, be down to below 0.8g/L in sea ice water salt content at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March and store for future use.
1, confirm that heat Suitable Area and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers fit date of seeding
Choose accumulated temperature according to the 30 years meteorological datas in this area and be greater than 4000 DEG C of days, temperature stablizes the area being greater than 180 days by the number of days of 10 DEG C; Divided the Suitable planting area of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season meeting heat condition requirement, final selected Huanghua, Cangzhou, Hebei Province is growing area; Calculate suitable date date of seeding, draw the suitable date of seeding zoning map of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers plantation of two season, as Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 is respectively first and second distribution map date of seeding in season; Confirm the Huanghua area spring sowing period first season be April 10 to April 15, the summer sowing phase second season is that July 15 was to July 25.
2, raised fields-shallow pond alkaline land improvement
The 3-5 month in 2008, select physical features relatively flat, and the saline land that bury of groundwater is less than 1.5 meters, mechanical stripping 0-30 centimetre topsoil, carry out and deep-cut that pond is high builds platform operation; Dark 2.0 meters of shallow pond, suitable for reading wide 18 meters, lower bottom width 14 meters; Raised fields is high 2 meters, and suitable for reading wide 20 meters, end opening is wide 24 meters, raised fields length 100 meters; Finally the topsoil previously peeled off is covered raised fields surface again, level land.After drip washing in rainy season, raised fields height sedimentation about 20 centimetres, raised fields bury of groundwater 2.4-2.6 rice, topsoil soils salt content 1-3g/kg.
3, raised fields divides the spring, season in summer two plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water
(1) to sow in spring the first season oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers:
1) Spring irrigation: adopted furrow irrigation mode to irrigate sea ice water on March 26, irrigation volume is 30 millimeters, sea ice water salt content 1.6g/L(due to sea ice water tank be outdoor, therefore along with moisture evaporation sea ice water salinity be increased to 1.6g/L by initial 0.8g/L gradually).
2) site preparation and fertilization: ploughing depth is at 20 centimetres.Farmyard manure bottom application 2500 kilograms every mu, superphosphate 15 kilograms, 3 kilograms, urea.
3) choose seeds: select precocious hybrid oil-sunflower kind (85-92 days breeding time) of KWS204.
4) date of seeding: April 13.
5) seeding method: experiment adopt some a broadcast mode, 2,4 every cave program request, the mu amount of broadcasting is at 700 grams.
6) line space: adopt large row 60 centimetres, little row 40 centimetres, open shallow ridges inside little row both sides, dark 10 centimetres of shallow ridges, two shallow ridges apart 40 centimetres, according to mu field planting 3800 strain, spacing in the rows 33 centimetres, according to 5 in shallow ridges) mode sows oil sunflower, and after earthing 3-5 centimetre, gently covers soil, make earthing contact with seed to be closely beneficial to and preserve soil moisture and emerge, last overlay film firming is windproof.
7) rupture of membranes is unearthed: April 28 is when after seedling emergence teleblem, select roll hole in seedling both sides 2-3 centimeters the morning of fair weather to ventilate, about 2 centimetres, aperture, by the time after on seedling, dew evaporates, seedling is exposed film, and fetch earth with little mamoty and surrounded, foster gently, film compacting is incubated simultaneously.
8) rich water requires: hybrid oil-sunflower to need that water is less, drought-resistant ability strong seedling stage, should carry out restraining the growth of seedlings to promote root growth.Flower bud phase May 15 is the key period needing water, and bud diameter is 2 centimetres, and mu executes 15 kilograms, urea, potassium sulfate 12 kilograms, superphosphate 8 kilograms, fertilization depth 8-10 centimetre.Irrigate through furrow according to the 20-30 millimeter water yield after fertilising, sea ice water salt content 3.0g/L, plant strain growth is rapid.
9) pollen period management: June 15 entered full-bloom stage, and florescence pollination has mainly come by insect, and florescence June 22 terminates substantially, Pollination Effect is better, and reason is that now insect numbers is more.And June 25 to July 1 be in local year first time use broad-spectrum pesticide to spray the cotton time spent, insect numbers sharply reduces, and duration tradition single cropping is sowed in spring the full-bloom stage of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, and the sharply minimizing of entomophila quantity causes florescence pollination quality poor.
10) extermination of disease and insect pest: along with the drug-fast enhancing of harmful insect, the middle and later periods mainly oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers snout moth's larva and cotton bollworm harm increase gradually, can prevent and treat with 5% fluorine worm missible oil spraying when reaching index for control; The disease emphasis endangering oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is in addition stalk break, finds that field diseased plant should be cleared up in time, and sprays medicine control.Intertill the disease resistance strengthening plant simultaneously.
11) gather in the crops in good time: July 14 plant top 4-5 sheet leaf, stem stalk top and the jaundice of the dish back side, sub-shell blackening or hardening, son is real plentifully to be enriched, and reached results standard, July 15 should spread seed out airing, Yang Jing, storage after results in time.
12) wholely wait broadcasting: after results, in time wholely, with reference to step 2), for next last month of summer, to broadcast oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ready.
(2) summer sowing second season oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers:
13) choose seeds: select early-maturing variety KWS204(85-92 days breeding time).
14) date of seeding: July 20.
15) seeding method: step is with 5).
16) line space: line-spacing 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 33 centimetres, mu field planting 3800-4000 strain, sow on ridge after ridging, ridge height 10-15 centimetre, seed level 3-5 centimetre, main purpose is prevention abundant precipitation damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging in summer, is conducive to abundant rainfall and infiltrates deep subsoil fast.
17) rich water requires: irrigate sea ice water sowing time 1 time, ensure that the second season sunflower is emerged smoothly, and because Summer Rainfall is concentrated, and crop water key stages' rainfall probability increases, thus after emerging other breeding times generally without the need to irrigating, but note water drainage.
18) pollen period management: September 10 entered full-bloom stage to 15 days, florescence insect pollination.
19) extermination of disease and insect pest: the insect pest in certain herbaceous plants with big flowers seeding stage to flowering stage of second season summer sowing oil is relatively more serious, but turn cold gradually due to weather, flowering stage to harvest time, damage by disease and insect harm reduced gradually.The preventing disease and pest emphasis time is in seedling stage and flower bud phase.
20) gather in the crops: October 20 gathered in the crops, with reference to 11 in good time) mode.
By above planting experiment, after results, can significantly find out actual effect of the present invention from following two aspects.Fig. 3 is heavy saline test block, Huanghua City tradition single season sunflower plantation season high-yield planting crop comparative analysis figure two with oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers.
The display of production test that 2009-2011 carries out, first season sunflower mid-April in sowing time, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers after planting emergence rate reaches more than 80%; Second season sunflower mid-July in sowing time, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers after planting emergence rate reaches more than 95%; The two season plantation of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers breeding time topsoil soils salt content lower than 4g/kg, the irrigation of sea ice water ensure that the normal growth of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, totally 3 Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-waters, and under rainy season precipitation drip washing, raised fields soil plough horizon salt content has no increase trend.From the situation analysis that crop-planting is finally gathered in the crops, the first season sunflower output in experiment is 137.9 kgs/acre, second season sunflower output is 142.7 kgs/acre, two season output add up to 280.6 kgs/acre, and check plot oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers One-season Planting output is 151.7 kgs/acre, double-season sunflower gross yield increases by 85% than local traditional single season sunflower output.From the angle analysis of bringing good to and remove all evil, avoiding risk, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers overlay film tillage method of sowing in spring the first season has soil moisture conservation, reduces the effect of the soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil; Trench sowing planting type plays and converges the effect that rainwater improves research advances; Flowering stage, pollinating process insect pollination was effective, improve seed setting rate.Summer sowing second season oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ridge planting tillage method decreases damage or crop failure caused by waterlogging risk; Reduce milk ripe stage insect pest.All in all, annual vegetation coverage nearly doubles, and reduces evaporation bare soil and the upper soll layer accumulation of salt in the surface soil, decreases the Pesticide use amount of specific yield, improves local agricultural production, ecotope.
The varieties in saline-alkali areas crop-planting lacked at freshwater resources is more single and stylize, and the unit are soil output value is low, thus peasant planting enthusiasm and land utilization efficiency poor.In the beach saline land area of heat abundance, the cropping index in soil is lower.In coastal saline-alkali area, saline groundwater salt content is high, and depth to water is shallow, topsoil soils by saline groundwater jacking and violent evaporation effect to affect salinization and alkalization higher, topsoil soils salt content big ups and downs between 1-9g/kg in year, cause the percentage of seedgermination of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers low and output extremely unstable.Heat resources is taken full advantage of in the present invention, the remodeling method building raised fields-shallow pond is utilized to cut off the passage of saline groundwater to upper soll layer conveying salinity, for oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers high-yield planting provides stable soil environment, wherein raised fields topsoil soils salt content is stabilized within 1-4g/kg; The utilization of Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water, ensured the sowing of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and breeding time water demand, and in year, topsoil soils salt content has no increase trend; The oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers main growing period of point spring, the plantation of season in summer two avoids the impact of damage by disease and insect high-incidence season, organic coordination and utilize the natural resourcess such as water, soil, gas, heat, and efficiently, output increases substantially final Land_use change.
The present invention is by calculating the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers of confirmation Suitable planting area of two season and suitable date of seeding, raised fields-shallow pond transformation salinity ground, spring and summer is divided to plant the series of measures such as oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water, make topsoil away from saline groundwater, breeding time, raised fields topsoil soils salt content was stabilized in below 3g/kg, make full use of heat resources and sea ice water resource, soil cropping index doubles, and ensure that land use safety and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers high yield; The present invention is simple to operate, and planting environment is stable, oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers per unit area yield significantly improves, and is adapted at the application of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore district.This invention can promote the coastal saline-alkali oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers industry development in area, improves land utilization rate, increases farmers' income and improve the ecological environment, have significant economy, society and ecological benefits; The present invention effectively improves oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ripening rate and output, significantly increase land utilization efficiency and output, efficiently solve the coastal saline-alkali area problem that water and soil resources leave unused, Land Productivity is low, also serve simultaneously and bring good to and remove all evil, avoid risk, improve the object of agriculture production environment, therefore have a wide range of applications promotion prospect.
Claims (6)
1. the heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods of two season, is characterized in that comprising following steps:
A, confirm that heat Suitable Area and oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers fit date of seeding: according to local 30 years meteorological datas, confirm that growing area weather conditions meet accumulated temperature and are greater than 4000 and subsist, the number of days that temperature is stablized by 10 DEG C is greater than 180 days; Calculate stable by 10 DEG C of probability be 95% first day and all day, select the date of stable just 7 days days in advance as the spring sowing first season actual sowing time; Select the date of stable 90 days in advance all day as the summer sowing second season actual sowing time; Wherein, date of gathering in the crops in conjunction with the first season sunflower actual sowing time of the second season sunflower suitably shifts to an earlier date;
B, build raised fields-transformation improvement saline land, shallow pond: before rainy season, measurement, setting-out on selected heavy saline-alkali area at seashore, determine stake, mechanical stripping former saline land upper soll layer 30 centimetres, both sides of banking up, dig Chi Zhutai, the table soil uniform fold peeled off the most at last is on newly-built raised fields; Arrange the ridge, limit, level land, after experiencing the drip washing of rainwater then, raised fields structure tends towards stability;
In described step B, select the varieties in saline-alkali areas being less than 1.5 meters in subterranean water level, first mechanical stripping 30 centimetres of upper soll layers, then deep-cut pond Gao Zhutai, dark 2.0 meters of shallow pond, wide 15-30 rice suitable for reading, and length is not less than 100 meters and is advisable; Raised fields is high 2 meters, wide 20-30 rice suitable for reading, and length is not less than 100 meters and is advisable, and after basic shaping, covers on newly-built raised fields, smooth raised fields by the former saline land surface soil peeled off, and by 45 degree of slope angles finishing raised fields and shallow pool side slope, completes alkaline land improvement;
In described step B, raised fields-shallow pond is built process and need be completed before rainy season, and the Second Year raised fields of experience rainy season precipitation drip washing starts for plantation; Shallow pond has the double breeding function of rain flood of regulating and storing;
C, raised fields divide the spring, season in summer two plant oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers and Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water: implantation methods raised fields adopting point spring, Xia Liangji in a year;
To sow in spring the first season oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, Irrigated with Sea Ice Melt-water 2-3 time in breeding time, wherein adopt furrow irrigation mode spring irrigation 1 time, irrigation volume is 30-40 millimeter; Flower bud phase or milk ripe stage, adopt furrow irrigation mode to irrigate 1-2 time, and irrigation volume is 20-30 millimeter;
Summer sowing second season oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, adopt sowing time furrow irrigation mode to irrigate 1 time, irrigation volume is 20-30 millimeter; The sea ice water salt content of above-mentioned irrigation is not all higher than 3g/L; The sowing of oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, emerge after in time final singling, fill the gaps with seedlings, mu strain number 3800-4000 strain; Weeding in time in vegetative period, insect-pest, and note water drainage, to ensure that oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers normally emerges and grows;
D, results: gather when oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers is ripe; Gather in the crops in time when wherein the first season sunflower is ripe, avoided delay for the second season sunflower sowing time.
2. a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described steps A, the sunflower cultivars of two season plantation is early-maturing variety, and its breeding time of sowing in spring is 85-92 days.
3. a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step C, in 1 year point first season sow in spring and the summer sowing second season two season implantation methods; Wherein the first season sunflower seeding method of trench sowing overlay film, the seeding method of the second season sunflower without film ridge planting.
4. a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season according to claim 3 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step C, in the seeding method of the first season sunflower with trench sowing overlay film, line space adopts large row 60 centimetres, little row 40 centimetres, shallow ridges is opened inside little row both sides, dark 10 centimetres of shallow ridges, two shallow ridges are at a distance of 40 centimetres, according to mu field planting 3800 strain, spacing in the rows 33 centimetres, adopt some broadcast mode, 2, 4 every cave program request, oil sunflower is sowed in shallow ridges, and after earthing 3-5 centimetre, gently cover soil, earthing is made to contact with seed to be closely beneficial to and preserve soil moisture and emerge, last overlay film firming Windproof thermal insulation.
5. a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season according to claim 3 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step C, second season sunflower is with in the seeding method without film ridge planting, line space adopts line-spacing 50 centimetres, spacing in the rows 33 centimetres, mu field planting 3800-4000 strain, sows after ridging on ridge, ridge height 10-15 centimetre, seed level 3-5 centimetre.
6. a kind of heavy saline-alkali area at seashore oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers two season according to claim 1 implantation methods, it is characterized in that: in described step C, described sea ice water started to store mid-January in winter, through sea ice collection, transport, storage, gravity desalinization series of measures, be down to below 0.8g/L in sea ice water salt content at the beginning of 4 months by the end of March and store for future use.
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| CN103798038B (en) * | 2014-02-18 | 2016-01-13 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of Coastal beach moderate saline-alkali soil okra one broadcasts the method for full stand |
| CN104429469B (en) * | 2014-11-06 | 2016-08-24 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Suaeda salsa and oil certain herbaceous plants with big flowers ridge intercropping method under the conditions of a kind of heavy saline |
| CN106358686A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-01 | 山东胜伟园林科技有限公司 | Method for planting oil sunflowers in saline-alkali land |
| CN106258452B (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2020-01-03 | 酒泉市农业科学研究院 | Barnyard grass biological improvement heavy saline-alkali soil and high-yield and high-quality planting method |
| CN106941919A (en) * | 2017-03-29 | 2017-07-14 | 湖南省作物研究所 | A kind of oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers implantation methods and the application in the oily certain herbaceous plants with big flowers rape triple-cropping system of early rice |
| CN107114152B (en) * | 2017-04-06 | 2020-10-09 | 北京师范大学 | Coastal saline soil area terrace shallow pool-greenhouse system and application thereof |
| CN107360841B (en) * | 2017-08-18 | 2020-07-07 | 新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for planting sunflower in saline-alkali soil |
| CN107347427B (en) * | 2017-08-25 | 2020-06-26 | 湖南省作物研究所 | Planting method for field patterns of single oil sunflower variety |
| CN108738452B (en) * | 2018-04-26 | 2020-12-29 | 铜仁学院 | Method for improving barren heavy saline-alkali soil by planting pioneer crops |
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