CN102405746B - Planting method of sweet sorghum in coastal server saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Planting method of sweet sorghum in coastal server saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 244000138286 Sorghum saccharatum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 31
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P] Chemical compound [N].[P] YUWBVKYVJWNVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013270 controlled release Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000003673 groundwater Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen Substances N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012512 characterization method Methods 0.000 claims 1
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- 230000003698 anagen phase Effects 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 2
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- 240000003768 Solanum lycopersicum Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010612 desalination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
The invention discloses a planting method of sweet sorghum in coastal server saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: A, preparing soil, and constructing a strip or platform field; B, irritating with salt water in winter, and icing; C, covering with a plastic film; D, sowing; E, managing in a growing phase; and F, harvesting when the sweet sorghum is ripe. According to the method, by means of a series of measures, such as soil preparation, salt water irrigation and icing in winter, salt water ice melting and showering in spring, plastic film covering to inhibit salt and preserve soil moisture and the like, the salt content of the soil at the root layer of the sweet sorghum is reduced, and the sweet sorghum grows normally. The method is operated simply, has low cost, is applicable to coastal saline-alkali areas to promote development of sugar making and biological energy industries in China, and has remarkable economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water resource utilization and soil melioration technical field, the method for especially planting sweet sorghum at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore.
Background technology
The soil alkaline arid is the principal element of restriction agricultural development, and traditional alkaline land improving mainly is the filling row measure realization of drenching salt, extracting underground water, lowering of watertable by fresh water.Because freshwater resources are deficient, the application of this measure is restricted.Particularly at Sea And Bohai Sea Coast, more than 2,000 ten thousand mu coastal saline-alkali soil is difficult to utilize owing to lacking fresh water, and crop is difficult to growth.Yet although the coastal region freshwater resources are deficient, salt water resources is abundant.
Formerly patent " utilizing the method in bitter natural freezing improvement the saline land " (patent No.: 200510012450.3) referring to the applicant, resources characteristic according to coastal region, invented and utilized the icing method of irrigating the improvement saline land of salt water a kind of winter, namely utilize salt water to freeze freeze thawing degree of saltiness moisture from principle, utilize in the winter time natural cooling source, utilize salt water to irrigate, form ice sheet at upper soll layer after irrigating, because the melting point of different salinity salt water ice is different, spring is along with temperature raises, the salt water of high concentration melts first first and infiltrates, the brackish water that melts afterwards is until the infiltrating of fresh water, surface soil salinity there is a leaching, reaches the purpose of upper soll layer desalination.But above-mentioned research does not provide the concrete operation method of the specific crop of plantation, because different plant habit is different, still need to explore the concrete plantation scheme that is suitable for Different Crop by lot of experiments on the basis of above-mentioned technology.
Sugar grass is the important economic crops of China and bio-energy crop in China, has characteristics drought-enduring, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, at light moderate varieties in saline-alkali areas the larger area plantation is arranged.Evaporation discharge is large because the heavy RS in Alkali Region rainfall in strand is little, and subterranean water level is shallow and salinity is high, causes soil salt content high, and except some halophytess, general crop is difficult to survive.Sweet sorghum seed germination and stage in seedling stage salt resistance are poor, and heavy RS in Alkali Region is that the sugar grass germination and emergence is created the key that suitable low-salt environment is assurance sugar grass insemination and emergence in the strand.This patent has been invented the method for planting sweet sorghum in heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore on the basis of lot of experiments.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention provides a kind of method of planting sweet sorghum in heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore, by consolidation, winter salt water freeze irrigate, spring salt water ice melt shower, plastic mulching presses down the series of measures such as salt soil moisture conservation, reduce the salt content of sugar grass root layer soil, guarantee the normal growth of sugar grass.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical solution used in the present invention is as follows.
The method that heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore is plant sweet sorghum, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before entering the winter, carry out, build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali, make the distance of bar field or raised fields ground and underground water be not less than 1m, build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm;
C, plastic mulching: melt fully until salt water ice and to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: spring, treat that the 5cm soil temperature begins sowing when reaching more than 20 ℃, adopt the mechanization mulch sowing, the disposable nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer 50kg/ mu that applies during sowing, the effective content of nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer is nitrogen 22%, phosphorus 8%, the line-spacing drillings such as planting patterns employing, line-spacing is 60cm;
E, growing season management: sugar grass emerge in time fill the gaps with seedlings afterwards, final singling, the 4000-4500 strain is counted in a mu strain; In growth in earlier stage, in time remove sprout tillers and branched ear, in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests guarantees the sugar grass normal growth;
F, results: sugar grass is gathered in the crops cured ripe latter stage, harvesting cane, the seed of gathering.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, on bar, raised fields, bury the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground every 10m, buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length rear two ends underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, among the step B, irrigate with little water first and freeze, until the earth's surface form stablize ice sheet after, once fill with the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in the rear formation of pouring water.
As a kind of optimal technical scheme of the present invention, the kind of sugar grass is for raising No. 2 or sweet No. 3 of Ji.
The beneficial effect that adopts technique scheme to produce is:
Sweet sorghum seed germination and stage in seedling stage salt resistance are poor, heavy RS in Alkali Region is that the sugar grass germination and emergence is created the key that suitable low-salt environment is assurance sugar grass insemination and emergence in the strand, Spring Plastic-film Tomato of the present invention covers measure, suppressed the moisture evaporation, reduce the soil salt Upward Migration, had the effect that presses down the salt soil moisture conservation, improved the saline land, guaranteed surviving and normal growth of sugar grass seedling, realized that the strand weighs RS in Alkali Region and improves then then sugar grass high yield;
The present invention is by series of measures such as whole ground, the icing irrigation of salt water in winter, Spring Plastic-film Tomato covering, cultivation managements, sugar grass sowing time (mid-May) soil plough horizon salt content is reduced to below 0.4%, moisture content remains on 25-26%, guaranteed the insemination and emergence of sugar grass, rainy season set can further reduce soil salt, makes the root district of sugar grass all be in low-salt environment in whole vegetative period; The present invention is simple to operate, and cost is low, is adapted at the coastal saline-alkali district and uses, and can promote the development of China's sugaring and Biological Energy Industry, has significant economy, society and ecological benefits;
The production test that 2008-2010 carries out shows, mid-May in sowing time, topsoil 20cm soil salt content is 0.25-0.38%, moisture content is 25-26%, sugar grass after planting emergence rate has reached 76-85%, and whole breeding time (the 5-10 month), the 0-40cm soil salt content was controlled at below 0.4%, had guaranteed the normal growth of sugar grass, per mu yield cane 2.8-3.2 ton, per mu yield sugar grass seed 100-130kg; And contrast salt content in sowing time reaches more than 1%, and sugar grass can not emerge and cause total crop failure.
Embodiment
Following examples describe the present invention in detail.Various raw material used in the present invention and items of equipment are conventional commercially available prod, all can buy directly by market to obtain.
Embodiment 1
The below is the application example that the applicant plants sweet sorghum at heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore.This base is positioned at the Haixing County, Hebei province, belongs to the continental monsoon climate in warm temperate zone, 12.1 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, January mean temperature of air-4.6 ℃, the extreme minimum air temperature-19.9 ℃, 217 days frost-free seasons.Year, sunshine duration was 2718.8 hours, and average annual precipitation is 627.9mm, mainly concentrates on July～August, accounts for 74% of annual precipitation.This district belongs to littoral plain, and hypsography low-lying is smooth, and height above sea level 1.3-3.6m, soil are marine solonchak, and soil salt content is heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore more than 0.8%.Subterranean water level is shallow, and on average about 1 meter, the degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and salt content is at 7～20gL
-1
The method that heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore is plant sweet sorghum, its step comprises:
A, consolidation: before entering the winter, carry out, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading; Spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m; On bar, raised fields, bury the reed handle of diameter 10cm underground every 10m, buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or the long 1m of raised fields width, is buried length rear two ends underground and is exposed in the drain ditch; Build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter are frozen: 5-15 day in January, daily mean temperature is stable to be lower than-5 ℃, and the extracting saline groundwater is irrigated, and the irrigation water salt content is 9.6-11.2g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; Concrete operation method freezes for irrigating with little water first, until the earth's surface form stablize ice sheet after, once fill with the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in the rear formation of pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: 1-5 day in March, melt fully until salt water ice and to infiltrate behind the soil, in time utilize the 90-120cm mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: 15-20 day in May, select the sugar grass kind of salt tolerant can raise No. 2 or the Ji is sowed for sweet No. 3, the disposable nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer (effective content: nitrogen 22% that applies during sowing, phosphorus 8%) 50kg/ mu, adopt the bar broadcast mode, wait the line-spacing sowing, line-spacing 60cm;
E, growing season management: early June, sugar grass is carried out thinning, final singling, the 4000-4500 strain is counted in the mu strain; In 6-7 month, in time remove sprout tillers and branched ear; Growth in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests in early stage mainly is the control to aphid, snout moth's larva;
F, late October, cured ripe latter stage timely collecting, harvesting cane, the seed of gathering.
According to the method described above, 2008-2010, mid-May in sowing time, topsoil 20cm soil salt content is 0.25-0.38%, and moisture content is 25-26%, and sugar grass after planting emergence rate has reached 76-85%; Whole breeding time (the 5-10 month), the 0-40cm soil salt content was controlled at below 0.4%, had guaranteed the normal growth of sugar grass, per mu yield cane 2.8-3.2 ton, per mu yield sugar grass seed 100-130kg; And contrast salt content in sowing time reaches more than 1%, and sugar grass can not emerge and cause total crop failure.By the present invention, successfully realize the sugar grass high yield at the heavy RS in Alkali Region of never planting plant, for China's bioenergy and sugaring industry development new raw material site, started another new way for this area increasing peasant income, the present invention has broad application prospects.
Foregoing description only proposes as the enforceable technical scheme of the present invention, not as the Single restriction condition to its technical scheme itself.
Claims (5)
1. the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore method of planting sweet sorghum, its characterization step comprises:
A, consolidation: before entering the winter, carry out, build bar field or raised fields on the ground at coastal saline-alkali, make the distance of bar field or raised fields ground and underground water be not less than 1m, build and highly be the retaining ridge of 30cm in the bar field or around the raised fields, plowed soils applies effective content and is 12% superphosphate 100kg/ mu;
B, irrigation with saline water in winter freeze: when winter daily mean temperature stable when being lower than-5 ℃ the extracting saline groundwater irrigate, the irrigation water salt content below 15g/L, irrigation quantity 180mm; During concrete operations, irrigate with little water first and freeze, until the earth's surface form stablize ice sheet after, once fill with the sufficient 180mm water yield, the salt water ice sheet is stablized in the rear formation of pouring water;
C, plastic mulching: melt fully until salt water ice and to infiltrate behind the soil early spring, in time utilize mulch film to cover, suppress the accumulation of salt in the surface soil in spring to reduce evaporation;
D, sowing: spring, treat that 5cm place soil temperature begins sowing when reaching more than 20 ℃, adopt the mechanization mulch sowing, the disposable nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer 50kg/ mu that applies during sowing, the effective content of nitrogen phosphorus controlled-release compound fertilizer is nitrogen 22%, phosphorus 8%, the line-spacing drillings such as planting patterns employing, line-spacing is 60cm;
E, growing season management: sugar grass emerge in time fill the gaps with seedlings afterwards, final singling, the 4000-4500 strain is counted in a mu strain; In growth in earlier stage, in time remove sprout tillers and branched ear, in time prevention and elimination of disease and pests guarantees the sugar grass normal growth;
F, results: sugar grass is gathered in the crops cured ripe latter stage, harvesting cane, the seed of gathering.
2. the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore according to claim 1 method of planting sweet sorghum is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1.5m greater than 1m, build the bar field, the bar field is wide 20 meters, length 500m, ditch depth 1.5m, bottom width 1m, wide 3m suitable for reading.
3. the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore according to claim 1 method of planting sweet sorghum is characterized in that: in the steps A, spring subterranean water level less than the beach saline land of 1m, build raised fields, the wide 10-15m of raised fields, raised fields ground identity distance underground water 1.5m.
4. according to claim 2 or the 3 described heavy saline－ alkali area at seashores method of planting sweet sorghum, it is characterized in that: the reed handle of on bar, raised fields, burying diameter 10cm every 10m underground, buried depth 40cm, the draining reed than bar field or long 1 m of raised fields width, is buried length rear two ends underground and is exposed in the drain ditch.
5. the heavy saline－ alkali area at seashore according to claim 1 method of planting sweet sorghum is characterized in that: the kind of sugar grass is for raising No. 2 or sweet No. 3 of Ji.
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| CN102668847B (en) * | 2012-05-23 | 2013-11-06 | 山东省农业可持续发展研究所 | Method for improving seedling emergence quality of planted sorgo in saline-alkali soil |
| CN103109633A (en) * | 2013-02-25 | 2013-05-22 | 重庆市畜牧科学院 | Fertilization method for improving yield of sugar grass |
| CN103168601A (en) * | 2013-04-06 | 2013-06-26 | 青岛农业大学 | Coastal heavy saline-alkali land potato high-yield cultivation method |
| CN103222387B (en) * | 2013-05-21 | 2015-07-15 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Method suitable for intercropping sorgho and sesbania on saline and alkaline land |
| CN103518519A (en) * | 2013-10-22 | 2014-01-22 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Film mulching and ridging salt-tolerance planting method for sweet sorghum in coastal beach saline-alkali soil |
| CN104067828A (en) * | 2014-07-01 | 2014-10-01 | 苏州市清水村生态农副产品生产经营专业合作社 | Planting method for sweet sorghum |
| CN104272953A (en) * | 2014-10-16 | 2015-01-14 | 甘肃省农垦农业研究院 | Feeding-type sorgo cultivating method |
| CN104756739B (en) * | 2015-04-23 | 2016-05-04 | 中国科学院近代物理研究所 | Based on the method for marginality soil sugar grass cultivation |
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| CN108668845A (en) * | 2018-04-20 | 2018-10-19 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | A kind of method that survival rate of planting is improved in strand water deficient regions using salt water steam |
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| CN112210385A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-01-12 | 青岛九天智慧农业集团有限公司 | Soil directional conditioner suitable for planting sweet sorghum in coastal saline-alkali soil and application thereof |
| CN112703851B (en) * | 2020-12-28 | 2022-09-16 | 魏永阳 | Ecological restoration method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN115530030A (en) * | 2022-10-13 | 2022-12-30 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | Green planting method for coastal beach sweet sorghum |
| CN115918463A (en) * | 2022-12-22 | 2023-04-07 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心 | Method for improving coastal heavy saline-alkali soil by planting sweet sorghum |
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| CN1568643A (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-01-26 | 东营市仲和产业化新技术研究推广中心 | High efficiency planting method for improving common saline land and serious saline land of dig-built type platform field |
| CN100479641C (en) * | 2005-04-11 | 2009-04-22 | 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所 | Process for improving alkaline land by utilizing brackish water natural freezing |
| CN101045237B (en) * | 2006-12-22 | 2011-01-19 | 薄学锋 | Method for improving medium or serious saline and alkaline land by the sea, and comprehensive utilization of the same |
| CN101946573B (en) * | 2010-08-17 | 2012-05-23 | 北京师范大学 | Method for ameliorating saline and alkaline land |
| CN102057828A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-05-18 | 天津市农业资源与环境研究所 | Method for planting poplar trees on coast saline-alkali soil by utilizing saline water |
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