CN104285623B - The stereo plantation method of potato, navy bean and corn - Google Patents

Abstract

A kind of potato, the stereo plantation method of navy bean and corn, comprise selection of land, wholely, sowing potato, seeding corn, sowing navy bean, potato field management, big white kidney bean field management, corn field management and the several step of results, make full use of the season of growth, realize one season many receipts, high-yield and high-efficiency, scientific method is utilized to take cover cleverly, multiple, between, mixed, the mode of host species, thus reach three-dimensional three layers of fruit, make the economic benefit on output two to three hectares of ground, one hectare of ground, generally there is the peasant household on one hectare of ground as one to two ten thousand yuan can be increased income every year with this implantation methods.

Description

The stereo plantation method of potato, navy bean and corn

Technical field

The invention belongs to proportion of crop planting method, the stereo plantation method of especially a kind of potato, navy bean and corn.

Background technology

Shangri-la most area backs against the mountains, beautiful environment, pollute without industrial and mineral " three wastes ", away from cities and towns, soil mostly is reddish brown earth, oil sandy soil, impact soil, the area of red soil is larger, soil layer is deep, pH value is 5-6, height above sea level is between 1900-3000 meters, because latitude is low, day and night temperature is large, average temperature of the whole year is 14-17 DEG C, the coldest moon 1 monthly mean temperature 6-8 DEG C, the hottest moon 7 monthly mean temperature 20-24 DEG C, annual relative moisture 10-12 millibars, year total solar radiation 118.3-122.0 kilocalories/square centimeters, mean annual precipitation is 6184 millimeters, 95-115 days frost seasons.30, five small towns villagers' committee is had jurisdiction in Project Areas, 1.6202 ten thousand family peasant households, and agricultural population 6.291 ten thousand people will have 12.8409 ten thousand mu, arable land the end of the year 2008, the per capita 2.04 mu of arable lands of agricultural population.

Potato, navy bean and corn are all cereal crops important in the world, their plantation history is all very long, because the geographical environment of is here very unique, soil is also rare preciousness, and not only economic benefit is low to be used for planting separately certain crop, soil environment also can be made to be damaged, therefore, along with the development of society, explore the interplanting technology of potato, navy bean and corn, to the development of this area, all will have great importance to the development of entire society's agricultural.

Summary of the invention

The present invention is directed to the deficiency that above-mentioned prior art exists, the stereo plantation method of a kind of potato, navy bean and corn is provided.

Be achieved by following technical solution:

A stereo plantation method for potato, navy bean and corn, comprises the steps:

(1) selection of land: select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2600 meters, benign climate, irrigation and drainage sand soil easily;

(2) wholely: the mid-January, soil deeptillage, break up the clods, remove foreign material, disposablely use sufficient base manure;

(3) potato is sowed:

A, broadcast front preparation

Broadcast first 5 days and fill with permeable 1 time, turn over plough and sun the earth which has been ploughed up after slightly dry, every mu is mixed soil with 0.5kg phoxim pesticide and spreads fertilizer over the fields control soil insect, grasps till suitability of soil and turn over plow harrow ground in time, break mass of soil into pieces, smooth field, wait for sowing;

B, select breeding, proper seeding

The one-level potato seed of 1. selecting breeding: according to varietal yield test result, in selection, the red one-level potato seed in pasture is govern-house-variety, picks out the different potato of assorted potato, screening size is basically identical, injuring without parasitosis is planted;

2. begin sowing in good time: according to height above sea level, First Year mid-November-mid or late December sowing;

C, to apply fertilizers scientifically

Turn over before the winter and plough on the basis of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu executes organic manure 2000kg, and it is thin to turn over plow harrow in time, and after trench digging, before dibbling, every mu of ditch spread 6:9:15 formula fertilizer 50kg makees base fertilizer.Branch imposes borax 1 kg/acre with fertilizer-applicating gun along rupture of membranes mouth latter stage; Branching stage every mu multiple agriculture 500 times of liquid of 50g Fudan University spray; To budding and the florescence every mu sprays with the multiple agriculture 500 times of liquid of 50g Fudan University;

D, determine planting density and seeding quantity

Utilize thickness of sowing to test and tillage test data, adopt raised bed cultivate, ridging standard is: ridge bottom width 90cm, ridge face width 80cm, furrow spacing 20cm, ridge height 10cm, single ridge double row sowing, 2 row are broadcast in face, ridge, seed level 8cm, little line-spacing 30cm in ridge, spacing in the rows 33cm, mu broadcasts 4000 pools, broadcasts rear earthing, and with the plastic mulching of 0.008mm × 1000mm, the fine earth compacting of film edge; During sowing, every pool sows 1, and potato seed weighs 50-100g, every mu of seeding quantity about 300 kilograms;

(4) seeding corn: in Second Year sowing in the last ten-days period in April, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, execute 20 kilograms of nitrophosphate fertilizers by mu, a line potato interplants a line corn;

(5) navy bean is sowed: the big white kidney bean seed that selection full seed, umbilical region go mouldy without wrinkle, in Second Year sowing mid-July, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, the mode of playing pool dibbling with bracing wire is carried out, and every pool sowing 3-4 grain, stays seedling two strain, execute well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms for every mu, two row potatos interplant a line navy bean;

(6) potato field management

A. draw seedling: after potato emerges, before sunrise every day or the timely rupture of membranes of post sunset draw seedling, and with fine earth backfill rupture of membranes mouth, in order to heat and moisture preserving;

B. irrigate: according to irrigation tests data, adopt flood irrigation method, pour water before emerging once, emerge backsight dry season and field-moisture capacity, hold irrigation frequency and field-moisture capacity, irrigate about 10 times the time of infertility;

C. diseases and pests controlling: the recurrent potato disease insect pest in field has: late blight, root rot, cutworm and wireworm;

1. pest control: mu 0.5kg phoxim pesticide-clay mixture spreads fertilizer over the fields control before turning over plough;

2. disease control: broadcast the luxuriant raw seed treatment of front 50%FD once, field was pulled out in time once discovery primary infection focus establishment officer and burnt away from field breeding time, and spray 1-2 time with the luxuriant life of 50%FD, make damage by disease and insect incidence control under minimum hazards identification;

(7) big white kidney bean field management: take out the climing initial stage and carry out cultivation and banking, cleared up drain ditch, prevent ponding from causing fallen flowers to affect output, in good time inserted link draws climing, and bar is 2 meters of long the bests, carries out in time binding and makes fork;

(8) corn field management: when young plant grows to three leaves, executes 15 kilograms, urea for every mu after thinning, final singling;

(9) gather in the crops: potato late June gathers in the crops, corn results mid-October, navy bean late October gathers in the crops, and removes the residual film in soil, and unification is burnt;

Highly effective stereo benefit planting technology be utilize scientific method to take cleverly to overlap, multiple, the mode of mixed, host species, thus reach three-dimensional three layers of fruit, make the economic benefit on output two to three hectares of ground, one hectare of ground.Generally there is the peasant household on one hectare of ground as one to two ten thousand yuan can be increased income every year with this implantation methods.

Benefit of the present invention may be summarized to be following some:

1, make full use of the season of growth, realize one season many receipts, high-yield and high-efficiency;

2, intercropping can reasonable disposition crop groups, make high crop navy bean, corn and short crop potato stratification, alternately embarking on journey, is exactly underground knot potato, long corn on the ground, corn straw overworks navy bean, upper and lower three layers of fruit, space also can effectively utilize, and gives full play to the production-increasing function of Dominance in border row, the incident light that can make full use of different altitude of the sun improves annual leaf area index, effectively utilizes solar radiant energy;

3, increase soil fertility with ground, both produced more food, again culture fertility, be conducive to continuing volume increase;

4, damage by disease and insect is suppressed to occur: intercropping adds the biological species of the ecosystem and the complexity of trophic structure, the stability of the ecosystem can be improved, reduce disease to occur, and navy bean, corn and potato interplanting also effectively can hinder the development of potato late blight.

Embodiment

Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described further.

The stereo plantation method of a kind of potato, navy bean and corn:

(1) selection of land: select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2600 meters, benign climate, irrigation and drainage sand soil easily;

(2) wholely: the mid-January, soil deeptillage, break up the clods, remove foreign material, disposablely use sufficient base manure;

(3) potato is sowed:

A, broadcast front preparation

Broadcast first 5 days and fill with permeable 1 time, turn over plough and sun the earth which has been ploughed up after slightly dry, every mu is mixed soil with 0.5kg phoxim pesticide and spreads fertilizer over the fields control soil insect, grasps till suitability of soil and turn over plow harrow ground in time, break mass of soil into pieces, smooth field, wait for sowing;

B, select breeding, proper seeding

The one-level potato seed of 1. selecting breeding: according to varietal yield test result, in selection, the red one-level potato seed in pasture is govern-house-variety, picks out the different potato of assorted potato, screening size is basically identical, injuring without parasitosis is planted;

2. begin sowing in good time: according to height above sea level, First Year mid-November-mid or late December sowing;

C, to apply fertilizers scientifically

Turn over before the winter and plough on the basis of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu executes organic manure 2000kg, and it is thin to turn over plow harrow in time, and after trench digging, before dibbling, every mu of ditch spread 6:9:15 formula fertilizer 50kg makees base fertilizer.Branch imposes borax 1 kg/acre with fertilizer-applicating gun along rupture of membranes mouth latter stage; Branching stage every mu multiple agriculture 500 times of liquid of 50g Fudan University spray; To budding and the florescence every mu sprays with the multiple agriculture 500 times of liquid of 50g Fudan University;

D, determine planting density and seeding quantity

Utilize thickness of sowing to test and tillage test data, adopt raised bed cultivate, ridging standard is: ridge bottom width 90cm, ridge face width 80cm, furrow spacing 20cm, ridge height 10cm, single ridge double row sowing, 2 row are broadcast in face, ridge, seed level 8cm, little line-spacing 30cm in ridge, spacing in the rows 33cm, mu broadcasts 4000 pools, broadcasts rear earthing, and with the plastic mulching of 0.008mm × 1000mm, the fine earth compacting of film edge; During sowing, every pool sows 1, and potato seed weighs 50-100g, every mu of seeding quantity about 300 kilograms;

(4) seeding corn: in Second Year sowing in the last ten-days period in April, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, execute 20 kilograms of nitrophosphate fertilizers by mu, a line potato interplants a line corn;

(5) navy bean is sowed: the big white kidney bean seed that selection full seed, umbilical region go mouldy without wrinkle, in Second Year sowing mid-July, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, the mode of playing pool dibbling with bracing wire is carried out, and every pool sowing 3-4 grain, stays seedling two strain, execute well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms for every mu, two row potatos interplant a line navy bean;

(6) potato field management

A. draw seedling: after potato emerges, before sunrise every day or the timely rupture of membranes of post sunset draw seedling, and with fine earth backfill rupture of membranes mouth, in order to heat and moisture preserving;

B. irrigate: according to irrigation tests data, adopt flood irrigation method, pour water before emerging once, emerge backsight dry season and field-moisture capacity, hold irrigation frequency and field-moisture capacity, irrigate about 10 times the time of infertility;

C. diseases and pests controlling: the recurrent potato disease insect pest in field has: late blight, root rot, cutworm, wireworm etc.;

1. pest control: mu 0.5kg phoxim pesticide-clay mixture spreads fertilizer over the fields control before turning over plough;

2. disease control: broadcast the luxuriant raw seed treatment of front 50%FD once, field was pulled out in time once discovery primary infection focus establishment officer and burnt away from field breeding time, and spray 1-2 time with the luxuriant life of 50%FD, make damage by disease and insect incidence control under minimum hazards identification;

(7) big white kidney bean field management: take out the climing initial stage and carry out cultivation and banking, cleared up drain ditch, prevent ponding from causing fallen flowers to affect output, in good time inserted link draws climing, and bar is 2 meters of long the bests, carries out in time binding and makes fork;

(8) corn field management: when young plant grows to three leaves, except especially big seedling and special seedling, and sick seedling, weak seedling, leave and take the strong sprout of uniformity, execute 15 kilograms, urea for every mu afterwards;

(9) gather in the crops: potato late June gathers in the crops, corn results mid-October, navy bean late October gathers in the crops, and removes the residual film in soil, and unification is burnt;

Comparative example: before 2012 on local 3000 mu of soils, plant separately: can only potato or corn or navy bean, year gathers in the crops: potato: 3000 jin, or corn: 800 jin, or navy bean: 200 jin.

After within 2012, implementing the scheme of the application: 3000 mu of one gross annual output value potato+corn+navy bean output value: potato: 5000 jin, and corn: 1000 jin, and navy bean: 200 jin.

Wherein potato 0.7 yuan is per jin, and corn 1.2 yuan is per jin, and navy bean 5 yuan is per jin.

Claims (1)

1. a stereo plantation method for potato, navy bean and corn, is characterized in that, comprise the steps:

(1) selection of land: select height above sea level 1800 ~ 2600 meters, benign climate, irrigation and drainage sand soil easily;

(2) wholely: the mid-January, soil deeptillage, break up the clods, remove foreign material, disposablely use sufficient base manure;

(3) potato is sowed:

A, broadcast front preparation

Broadcast first 5 days and fill with permeable 1 time, turn over plough and sun the earth which has been ploughed up after slightly dry, every mu is mixed soil with 0.5kg phoxim pesticide and spreads fertilizer over the fields control soil insect, grasps till suitability of soil and turn over plow harrow ground in time, break mass of soil into pieces, smooth field, wait for sowing;

B, select breeding, proper seeding

The one-level potato seed of 1. selecting breeding: according to varietal yield test result, in selection, the red one-level potato seed in pasture is govern-house-variety, picks out the different potato of assorted potato, screening size is basically identical, injuring without parasitosis is planted;

2. begin sowing in good time: according to height above sea level, First Year mid-November-mid or late December sowing;

C, to apply fertilizers scientifically

Turn over before the winter and plough on the basis of sunning the earth which has been ploughed up, mu executes organic manure 2000kg, and it is thin to turn over plow harrow in time, and after trench digging, before dibbling, every mu of ditch spread 6:9:15 formula fertilizer 50kg makees base fertilizer;

Branch imposes borax 1 kg/acre with fertilizer-applicating gun along rupture of membranes mouth latter stage; Branching stage every mu multiple agriculture 500 times of liquid of 50g Fudan University spray; To budding and the florescence every mu sprays with the multiple agriculture 500 times of liquid of 50g Fudan University;

D, determine planting density and seeding quantity

Utilize thickness of sowing to test and tillage test data, adopt raised bed cultivate, ridging standard is: ridge bottom width 90cm, ridge face width 80cm, furrow spacing 20cm, ridge height 10cm, single ridge double row sowing, 2 row are broadcast in face, ridge, seed level 8cm, little line-spacing 30cm in ridge, spacing in the rows 33cm, mu broadcasts 4000 pools, broadcasts rear earthing, and with the plastic mulching of 0.008mm × 1000mm, the fine earth compacting of film edge; During sowing, every pool sows 1, and potato seed weighs 50-100g, every mu of seeding quantity about 300 kilograms;

(4) seeding corn: in Second Year sowing in the last ten-days period in April, line-spacing 30cm, spacing in the rows 30cm, execute 20 kilograms of nitrophosphate fertilizers by mu, a line potato interplants a line corn;

(5) navy bean is sowed: the big white kidney bean seed that selection full seed, umbilical region go mouldy without wrinkle, in Second Year sowing mid-July, line-spacing 120cm, spacing in the rows 40cm, the mode of playing pool dibbling with bracing wire is carried out, and every pool sowing 3-4 grain, stays seedling two strain, execute well-rotted farmyard manure 1000 kilograms for every mu, two row potatos interplant a line navy bean;

(6) potato field management

A. draw seedling: after potato emerges, before sunrise every day or the timely rupture of membranes of post sunset draw seedling, and with fine earth backfill rupture of membranes mouth, in order to heat and moisture preserving;

B. irrigate: according to irrigation tests data, adopt flood irrigation method, pour water before emerging once, emerge backsight dry season and field-moisture capacity, hold irrigation frequency and field-moisture capacity, irrigate about 10 times the time of infertility;

C. diseases and pests controlling: the recurrent potato disease insect pest in field has: late blight, root rot, cutworm and wireworm;

1. pest control: mu 0.5kg phoxim pesticide-clay mixture spreads fertilizer over the fields control before turning over plough;

2. disease control: broadcast the luxuriant raw seed treatment of front 50%FD once, field was pulled out in time once discovery primary infection focus establishment officer and burnt away from field breeding time, and spray 1-2 time with the luxuriant life of 50%FD, make damage by disease and insect incidence control under minimum hazards identification;

(7) big white kidney bean field management: take out the climing initial stage and carry out cultivation and banking, cleared up drain ditch, prevent ponding from causing fallen flowers to affect output, in good time inserted link draws climing, and bar is 2 meters long, carries out in time binding and makes fork;

(8) corn field management: when young plant grows to three leaves, executes 15 kilograms, urea for every mu after thinning, final singling;

(9) gather in the crops: potato late June gathers in the crops, corn results mid-October, navy bean late October gathers in the crops, and removes the residual film in soil, and unification is burnt.