CN102017859B - Interplant high-yielding cultivation method for potato and corn - Google Patents

Interplant high-yielding cultivation method for potato and corn Download PDF

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CN102017859B
CN102017859B CN2010105048691A CN201010504869A CN102017859B CN 102017859 B CN102017859 B CN 102017859B CN 2010105048691 A CN2010105048691 A CN 2010105048691A CN 201010504869 A CN201010504869 A CN 201010504869A CN 102017859 B CN102017859 B CN 102017859B
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potato
corn
milpa
plant
nest
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CN102017859A (en
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舒进康
刘少华
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WUXI AGRICULTURE TECHNOLOGY POPULARIZATION CENTER
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Abstract

The invention discloses an interplant high-yielding cultivation method for potato and corn, comprising the steps of preparing seeds and preparing earth, sowing, topdressing, preventing and treating diseases and the like. In the cultivation method disclosed by the invention, by combining the self-growth characteristics of the potato and corn, planting conditions are scientifically and reliably controlled, the effective utilization of soil is improved and the defect of the potato and corn in a single cultivation mode is overcome, so that the yields of the potato and corn are effectively increased, simultaneously the influence of adverse conditions such as a great amount of rainfall in growth seasons, a great amount of fog and dew, large humidity in a filed, less sunshine duration and the like is overcome, the resistivity of potato plants on late blight is improved, and virus infection opportunity is reduced. The acre yield of potato is not less than 3100kg, the acre yield of corn is not less than 450kg, and the yields of the potato and corn are stable, thus the cultivation method is applicable to popularize and implement in southwestern mountainous areas.

Description

The interplanting high-yield cultivating method of potato and corn
Technical field
The present invention relates to the arviculture technology, be specifically related to the cultivation method of a kind of potato and interplanting corn.
Background technology
Potato and interplanting corn all have cultivation in the most areas of China.Generally be suitable on the hills, mountain development plantation.Past adopts single files or narrow apart from the interplanting pattern, because narrow row makes the corn can not early sowing, is not easy to management and results, and illumination influences etc. each other, thus progressively between the wide cut multirow cover mode develop i.e. wide cut interplanting pattern.Nowadays, potato and corn interplanting have become the main plantation pattern in southwestern mountain area, but because the situation that potato and corn competitive relation are obviously perhaps wasted land resources usually takes place the difference of cultivation method.
Simultaneously, potato mainly is with the breeding of potato piece in commerial growing, i.e. vegetative propagation, and its adaptability to soil is very strong, weather is required cool, cold; But the variety deterioration phenomenon is serious after planting some generations; This is because in vegetative process; Viral disease very easily infect no sexual organ such as the root, stem, leaf, stem tuber of potato and constantly accumulation and with viral to of future generation; Cause kind constantly to degenerate; This is the vegetative deadly defect of potato, in the environment of field, has a lot of approach all possibly make the potato infective virus; What is more important is planted only and narrow often causing apart from interplanting covers seriously between plant, and humidity is excessive between plant, and is prone to bring out and increases the weight of late blight and endanger, thereby potato that should high yield usually can't stable high yield.
Be necessary to overcome said defective; A kind of spring potato and the interplanting high-yield cultivating method of corn is provided, adopts potato and corn to fit, overcome the perhaps narrow shortcoming of bringing apart from the interplanting cultivation pattern of the clean kind of potato and corn apart from the interplanting cultivation pattern; Improve the soil effective rate of utilization; Strengthen the resistance of potato plant, reduce the virus infection chance, improve the stable high yield that continues of potato and corn late blight.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, the purpose of this invention is to provide the interplanting high-yield cultivating method of a kind of potato and corn, adopt potato and interplanting corn cultivation mode; Overcome the narrow competition shortcoming that exists apart from the interplanting pattern of potato and corn; Simultaneously, improve the soil effective rate of utilization, strengthen potato plant the late blight resistance; Reduce the virus infection chance, improve the stable high yield that continues of potato and corn.
The objective of the invention is to realize through following technical scheme: the interplanting high-yield cultivating method of a kind of potato and corn may further comprise the steps:
A, make preparations for sowing fully: choose brokenly the healthy virus-free seed potato of dormancy, dry subsequent use after selected potato seed is carried out disinfection; During annual January December to next year, select no sleety weather on smooth good milpa, to open the railway carriage or compartment by the wide 1.0-1.2 rice in railway carriage or compartment, plantation delegation potato, another side are reserved delegation's corn null in the one side in every railway carriage or compartment; 60-70 centimetre of potato line width, nest be apart from 33-40 centimetre, the dark 8-10cm of nest; Reserving the corn null waits to broadcast for 40-50 centimetre;
B, sowing: each potato nest is broadcast 2 potato seeds and/or potato piece; Every mu of milpa is used 50-52kg chlorine-free type composite fertilizer during sowing, and composite fertilizer imposes on potato nest bottom, and potato seed is relatively arranged on potato nest both sides; And keep the 4-5cm distance with composite fertilizer; Sturdy bud up, potato piece tangent plane down, every mu of sowing potato 2850-3100 strain; Every mu of ground evenly applies the 2000-2500kg farmyard manure and covers the potato nest then, earthing ridging on the potato culture row at last, and the ridge face is a watt back of the body type, and the ridge height is 15-20cm;
C, topdress: when treating that potato is about to emerge, every mu of milpa is blent urea 5-10kg with clear liquid dung 1000-1200 kilogram and is topdressed, and removes weeds then and increases ridge height on the potato culture row to 21-25cm;
D, disease control: to Feng Hangqian, using 100 gram mass marks is that 72% gram reveals wettable powder and is diluted to 500 times through water at the potato plant self-sow, and every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution; After 7-10 days, be diluted to 600 times with 50 milliliters of 687.5 grams per liter Yin Fali suspending agents through water, every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution, treats to gather behind potato plant self-sow to the fruit maturation promptly to get.
Further; Among the step a; Select the following small seed potato of single potato weight 50 grams and make whole photo sowing usefulness; Or the above potato seed of 50 grams cut into the potato piece of heavy 25-50 gram; The sturdy bud that keeps 1-2 0.5-0.6 centimeter length in each potato piece or the potato seed; After the cut surface of said potato piece adopted alcohol disinfecting, be stained with plant ash and do its surperficial moisture, whole potato of gained or potato piece are subsequent use;
Further, after potato plant gets into flowering stage 7 days, it was that 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray to potato plant that every mu of milpa is got the 30kg mass fraction.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the present invention adopts potato and interplanting corn cultivation mode, in conjunction with the growth characteristics of potato and corn self, and scientific and reasonable control planting conditions in implementation process; Improve the soil effective rate of utilization, and overcome the shortcoming that potato and corn are made cultivation mode only, potato and corn are effectively increased production; It is many to reduce season of growth precipitation simultaneously, foggy dew sooner or later, and the big and sunshine duration of field humidity waits the influence of unfavorable conditions less; Improve the resistance of potato plant to late blight; Reduce the virus infection chance, the potato per mu yield is not less than 3100kg, and the corn per mu yield is not less than 450kg; And the two output is continual and steady for many years, is fit to the promotion and implementation of southwestern mountain area.
Other advantages of the present invention, target and characteristic will be set forth in specification subsequently to a certain extent; And to a certain extent; Based on being conspicuous to those skilled in the art, perhaps can from practice of the present invention, obtain instruction to investigating of hereinafter.Target of the present invention and other advantages can realize and obtain through following specification and claims.
Embodiment
Below will combine embodiment that the present invention is further specified:
Embodiment one:
The Jian Shan town area of getting 900 meters of Wuxi, Chongqing height above sea level is as cultural area, year 1350 hours sunshine, 120-125 hour sunshine average every month of season of potato culture; Annual rainfall 1750mm; The potato culture moon in season rainfall 150mm, annual rainy days 140-145 days, the potato culture moon in season rainy days about 5-7 days; The crucial moon in vegetative period in 4-5 month, rainy days reached 10-15 days, annual relative moisture 75%.Adopt method cultivation of the present invention:
A, make preparations for sowing fully: choose brokenly the healthy virus-free seed potato of dormancy, dry subsequent use after selected potato seed is carried out disinfection; In the present embodiment; The small seed potato of selecting below single potato weight 50 grams is made whole photo sowing usefulness; Or the above potato seed of 50 grams cut into the potato piece of heavy 25-50 gram, keep the sturdy bud of 1-2 0.5-0.6 centimeter length in each potato piece or the potato seed, with the cut surface of said potato piece adopt mass fraction be 75% spill smart the sterilization after; Be stained with ash and do its surperficial moisture, whole potato of gained or potato piece are subsequent use;
At the beginning of annual 1 month, select no sleety weather on smooth good milpa, to open the railway carriage or compartment for wide 1.17 meters by the railway carriage or compartment, plantation delegation potato, another side are reserved delegation's corn null in the one side in every railway carriage or compartment; The potato railway carriage or compartment is wide 68 centimetres, 35 centimetres of nest distances, dark 10 centimetres of nest; Reserving the corn railway carriage or compartment waits to broadcast for loose 49 centimetres.
B, sowing: each potato nest is broadcast 2 potato seeds and/or potato piece, and every mu of milpa is used 50kg chlorine-free type composite fertilizer and (is specially N in the present embodiment during sowing 10P 15K 15), composite fertilizer imposes on potato nest bottom, potato seed is relatively arranged on potato nest both sides, and keeps 4-5 centimetre distance with composite fertilizer, sturdy bud up, potato piece tangent plane down, 3000 strains of every mu of sowing potato; Every mu of ground evenly applies the 2200kg farmyard manure and covers the potato nest then, earthing ridging on the potato culture row at last, and the ridge face is a watt back of the body type, and the ridge height is 15-20 centimetre;
C, topdress: when treating that potato is about to emerge, every mu of milpa is blent urea 10kg with 1000 kilograms of clear liquid dungs and is topdressed, and removes weeds then and increases ridge height on the potato culture row to 21-25cm;
D, disease control: preceding at potato plant self-sow to envelope row (the envelope row is meant that the leaf that nourishing and growing of plant reaches between row and the row has the staggered stage); Using 100 gram mass marks is that 72% gram reveals wettable powder and is diluted to 500 times through water, and every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution; After 7-10 days, be diluted to 600 times with 50 milliliters of 687.5 grams per liter Yin Fali suspending agents through water, every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution, treats to gather behind potato plant self-sow to the fruit maturation promptly to get.
After adopting present embodiment method cultivation potato, in this area, during April-May, corn is sowed usually, the symbiosis phase of potato and corn was generally 30-40 days, and short during the symbiosis, the competitive relation of potato and corn is less.Through experiment proof: adopt this method cultivation potato and corn, compare apart from the interplanting mode with traditional clean kind or narrow, the potato per mu yield is 3150kg, and by contrast, output increases by 33.3%; The corn per mu yield is 452kg, almost is consistent with traditional cultivating method of crop.In cultivation period average every mu of milpa potato disease plant quantity to occur be 10 strains, explain that by in the inventive method interplanting cultivation potato and the corn process potato plant and milpa are to the late blight resistance, the disease plant obviously less.
Repeat embodiment one cultivation method three times (cultivated continuously 3 years, annually), cultivation for the first time finishes the potato maturation gather after; The potato per mu yield is 3170kg, and corn per mu yield 458kg is after the potato of cultivation end for the second time maturation is gathered; The potato per mu yield is 3130kg, and corn per mu yield 460kg is after the potato of cultivation end for the third time maturation is gathered; The potato per mu yield is 3150kg, corn per mu yield 455kg.Therefore, explain that the inventive method makes potato and maize culture all can realize the stable high yield that continues.
Embodiment two
The area, Suiyang of getting 886 meters of zunyi, guizhou height above sea level is as cultural area; Year 1120 hours sunshine, 110-115 hour sunshine average every month of season of potato culture, annual rainfall 1170mm; The potato culture moon in season rainfall 130mm; Annual rainy days 120-125, the potato culture moon in season rainy days about 11-12 days, annual relative moisture 70%.
Adopt method cultivation of the present invention:
A, make preparations for sowing fully: choose brokenly the healthy virus-free seed potato of dormancy, dry subsequent use after selected potato seed is carried out disinfection; In the present embodiment; The small seed potato of selecting below single potato weight 50 grams is made whole photo sowing usefulness; Or the above potato seed of 50 grams cut into the potato piece of heavy 25-50 gram, and keep the sturdy bud of 1-2 0.5-0.6 centimeter length in each potato piece or the potato seed, be behind 75% the alcohol disinfecting with the cut surface employing mass fraction of said potato piece; Be stained with ash and do its surperficial moisture, whole potato of gained or potato piece are subsequent use;
Annual mid-December, select no sleety weather on smooth good milpa, to open the railway carriage or compartment for wide 1.2 meters by the railway carriage or compartment, plantation delegation potato, another side are reserved delegation's corn null in the one side in every railway carriage or compartment; The potato railway carriage or compartment is wide 70 centimetres, 35 centimetres of nest distances, dark 10 centimetres of nest; Reserving the corn railway carriage or compartment waits to broadcast for loose 50 centimetres.
B, sowing: each potato nest is broadcast 2 potato seeds and/or potato piece, and every mu of milpa is used 50kg chlorine-free type composite fertilizer and (is specially N in the present embodiment during sowing 10P 15K 15), composite fertilizer imposes on potato nest bottom, potato seed is relatively arranged on potato nest both sides, and keeps 4-5 centimetre distance with composite fertilizer, sturdy bud up, potato piece tangent plane down, 3000 strains of every mu of sowing potato; Every mu of ground evenly applies the 2200kg farmyard manure and covers the potato nest then, earthing ridging on the potato culture row at last, and the ridge face is a watt back of the body type, and the ridge height is 15-20 centimetre;
C, topdress: when treating that potato is about to emerge, every mu of milpa is blent urea 10kg with 1200 kilograms of clear liquid dungs and is topdressed, and removes weeds then and increases ridge height on the potato culture row to 21-25cm;
D, disease control: preceding at potato plant self-sow to envelope row (the envelope row is meant that the leaf that nourishing and growing of plant reaches between row and the row has the staggered stage); Using 100 gram mass marks is that 72% gram reveals wettable powder and is diluted to 500 times through water, and every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution; After 7-10 days, be diluted to 600 times with 50 milliliters of 687.5 grams per liter Yin Fali suspending agents through water, every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution, treats to gather behind potato plant self-sow to the fruit maturation promptly to get.
After adopting present embodiment method cultivation potato, in this area, during March-April, corn is sowed usually, the symbiosis phase of potato and corn was generally 40-50 days, and is shorter during the symbiosis, and the competitive relation of potato and corn is less.Through experiment proof: adopt this method cultivation potato and corn, compare apart from the interplanting mode with traditional clean kind or narrow, the potato per mu yield is 3162kg, and by contrast, output has increased by 26.8%; The corn per mu yield is 455kg, almost is consistent with traditional cultivating method of crop.In cultivation period average every mu of milpa potato disease plant quantity to occur be 12 strains, explain that by in the inventive method interplanting cultivation potato and the corn process potato plant and milpa are to the late blight resistance, the disease plant obviously less.
Repeat embodiment one cultivation method three times (cultivated continuously 3 years, annually), cultivation for the first time finishes the potato maturation gather after; The potato per mu yield is 3160kg, and corn per mu yield 450kg is after the potato of cultivation end for the second time maturation is gathered; The potato per mu yield is 3440kg, and corn per mu yield 456kg is after the potato of cultivation end for the third time maturation is gathered; The potato per mu yield is 3155kg, corn per mu yield 455kg.Therefore, explain that the inventive method makes potato and maize culture all can realize the stable high yield that continues.
Embodiment three
The area of getting 900 meters of Xuyong County, Luzhou, Sichuan height above sea level is as cultural area; Year 1170 hours sunshine, 110-115 hour sunshine average every month of season of potato culture, annual rainfall 1170mm; The potato culture moon in season rainfall 128mm; Annual rainy days 110-115 days, the potato culture moon in season rainy days about 10-12 days, annual relative moisture 73%.
Adopt method of the present invention to cultivate:
A, make preparations for sowing fully: choose brokenly the healthy virus-free seed potato of dormancy, dry subsequent use after selected potato seed is carried out disinfection; In the present embodiment; The small seed potato of selecting below single potato weight 50 grams is made whole photo sowing usefulness; Or the above potato seed of 50 grams cut into the potato piece of heavy 2550 grams, and keep the sturdy bud of 1-2 0.5-0.6 centimeter length in each potato piece or the potato seed, be behind 75% the alcohol disinfecting with the cut surface employing mass fraction of said potato piece; Be stained with ash and do its surperficial moisture, whole potato of gained or potato piece are subsequent use;
In every year by the end of January, select no sleety weather on smooth good milpa, to open the railway carriage or compartment for wide 1 meter by the railway carriage or compartment, plantation delegation potato, another side are reserved delegation's corn null in the one side in every railway carriage or compartment; 60 centimetres of potato line width, nest be apart from 33-40 centimetre, the dark 8-10cm of nest; Reserving the corn null waits to broadcast for 40 centimetres;
B, sowing: each potato nest is broadcast 2 potato seeds and/or potato piece, and every mu of milpa is used 51kg chlorine-free type composite fertilizer and (is specially N in the present embodiment during sowing 10P 15K 15), composite fertilizer imposes on potato nest bottom, potato seed is relatively arranged on potato nest both sides, and keeps the 4-5cm distance with composite fertilizer, sturdy bud up, potato piece tangent plane down, 2900 strains of every mu of sowing potato; Every mu of ground evenly applies the 2500kg farmyard manure and covers the potato nest then, earthing ridging on the potato culture row at last, and the ridge face is a watt back of the body type, and the ridge height is 15-20cm;
C, topdress: when treating that potato is about to emerge, every mu of milpa is blent urea 5kg with 1200 kilograms of clear liquid dungs and is topdressed, and removes weeds then and increases ridge height on the potato culture row to 21-25cm;
D, disease control: preceding at potato plant self-sow to envelope row (the envelope row is meant that the leaf that nourishing and growing of plant reaches between row and the row has the staggered stage); Using 100 gram mass marks is that 72% gram reveals wettable powder and is diluted to 500 times through water, and every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution; After 10 days, be diluted to 600 times with 50 milliliters of 687.5 grams per liter Yin Fali suspending agents through water, every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution, treats to gather behind potato plant self-sow to the fruit maturation promptly to get.
After adopting present embodiment method cultivation potato, in this area, during April-May, corn is sowed usually, the symbiosis phase of potato and corn was generally 30-40 days, and is shorter during the symbiosis, and the competitive relation of potato and corn is less.Through experiment proof: adopt this method cultivation potato and corn, compare apart from the interplanting mode with traditional clean kind or narrow, the potato per mu yield is 3210kg, and by contrast, output has increased by 25%; The corn per mu yield is 465kg, almost is consistent with traditional cultivating method of crop.In cultivation period average every mu of milpa potato disease plant quantity to occur be 15 strains, explain that by in the inventive method interplanting cultivation potato and the corn process potato plant and milpa are to the late blight resistance, the disease plant obviously less.
Repeat embodiment one cultivation method three times (cultivated continuously 3 years, annually), cultivation for the first time finishes the potato maturation gather after; The potato per mu yield is 3210kg, and corn per mu yield 465kg is after the potato of cultivation end for the second time maturation is gathered; The potato per mu yield is 3195kg, and corn per mu yield 456kg is after the potato of cultivation end for the third time maturation is gathered; The potato per mu yield is 3200kg, corn per mu yield 466kg.Therefore, explain that the inventive method makes potato and maize culture all can realize the stable high yield that continues.
As the further improvement to the method for the invention, after potato plant gets into flowering stage 7 days, it was that 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray to potato plant that every mu of milpa is got the 30kg mass fraction.Utilize the preventive and therapeutic effect of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, make the healthy normal growth of potato, further guaranteed the high yield of potato the damage by disease and insect of vegetation.
Need to prove, more than among each embodiment, after the disease plant occurring in the cultivation process, pull out immediately.
To sum up data can be found out; Adopt the inventive method to cultivate in morning, late foggy dew, precipitation is many, field humidity is big and sunshine duration is few zone, the anti-late blight characteristic of plant is stronger relatively, and virus disease infects the probability minimizing; The few incidence of disease plant is low; Effectively ensure potato and corn yield, especially obtained preferably and produced effects, extensively promoted the use of in mountain area, China southwest.
Explanation is at last; Above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described; Although with reference to preferred embodiment the present invention is specified, those of ordinary skill in the art should be appreciated that and can make amendment or be equal to replacement technical scheme of the present invention; And not breaking away from the aim and the scope of present technique scheme, it all should be encompassed in the middle of the claim scope of the present invention.

Claims (3)

1. the interplanting high-yield cultivating method of potato and corn is characterized in that: may further comprise the steps:
A, make preparations for sowing fully: choose brokenly the healthy virus-free seed potato of dormancy, dry subsequent use after selected potato seed is carried out disinfection; During annual January December to next year, select no sleety weather on smooth good milpa, to open the railway carriage or compartment by the wide 1.0-1.2 rice in railway carriage or compartment, plantation delegation potato, another side are reserved delegation's corn null in the one side in every railway carriage or compartment; 60-70 centimetre of potato line width, nest be apart from 33-40 centimetre, the dark 8-10cm of nest; Reserving the corn null waits to broadcast for 40-50 centimetre;
B, sowing: each potato nest is broadcast 2 potato seeds and/or potato piece; Every mu of milpa is used 50-52kg chlorine-free type composite fertilizer during sowing, and composite fertilizer imposes on potato nest bottom, and potato seed is relatively arranged on potato nest both sides; And keep the 4-5cm distance with composite fertilizer; Sturdy bud up, potato piece tangent plane down, every mu of sowing potato 2850-3100 strain; Every mu of ground evenly applies the 2000-2500kg farmyard manure and covers the potato nest then, earthing ridging on the potato culture row at last, and the ridge face is a watt back of the body type, and the ridge height is 15-20cm;
C, topdress: when treating that potato is about to emerge, every mu of milpa is blent urea 5-10kg with clear liquid dung 1000-1200 kilogram and is topdressed, and removes weeds then and increases ridge height on the potato culture row to 21-25cm;
D, disease control: to Feng Hangqian, using 100 gram mass marks is that 72% gram reveals wettable powder and is diluted to 500 times through water at the potato plant self-sow, and every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution; After 7-10 days, be diluted to 600 times with 50 milliliters of 687.5 grams per liter Yin Fali suspending agents through water, every mu of milpa is sprayed to potato plant for 30 kilograms with this dilution, treats to gather behind potato plant self-sow to the fruit maturation promptly to get.
2. the interplanting high yield cultivating method of potato according to claim 1 and corn; It is characterized in that: among the step a; Select the following small seed potato of single potato weight 50 grams and make whole photo sowing usefulness; Or the above potato seed of 50 grams cut into the potato piece of heavy 25-50 gram; The sturdy bud that keeps 1-2 0.5-0.6 centimeter length in each potato piece or the potato seed; After the cut surface of said potato piece adopted alcohol disinfecting, be stained with plant ash and do its surperficial moisture, whole potato of gained or potato piece are subsequent use;
3. the interplanting high-yield cultivating method of potato according to claim 2 and corn; It is characterized in that: after potato plant gets into flowering stage 7 days, it was that 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate carries out foliar spray to potato plant that every mu of milpa is got the 30kg mass fraction.
CN2010105048691A 2010-10-13 2010-10-13 Interplant high-yielding cultivation method for potato and corn Expired - Fee Related CN102017859B (en)

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