CN108934876A - A kind of high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato - Google Patents
A kind of high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of high yield cultivating methods of drought-enduring water-saving color potato, comprising the following steps: (1) selection of land site preparation；(2) seed treatment；(3) basal dressing and ridging；(4) sowing simultaneously applies Compositional type water-retaining agent in cave, and overlay film is emerged thereafter；(5) field management and disease control；(6) it harvests.The high yield cultivating method of the drought-enduring water-saving color potato of one kind proposed by the present invention is sufficiently used farmland space, improves farmland ecosystem by intercropping plant silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, reduces the generation of color potato pest and disease damage；Particularly, Compositional type water-retaining agent is applied by cave, realize water-saving pesticide-germicide while carried out；Spy matches the application of base manure and foliar fertilizer, significantly improves the yield and quality of color potato, finally reduces farming operations and improve agricultural incomes.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to potato culture fields, more particularly to a kind of high-yield culturing side of drought-enduring water-saving color potato
Method.
Background technique
Cultivating potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is Solanaceae Solanum, annual herb plant.China is Ma Ling
The first main production country of potato, according to statistics, for potatoes yield in 2016 up to 1947.7 ten thousand t, cultivated area has reached 562.7 ten thousand hm2,
2.66% and 1.97% are increased by a year-on-year basis respectively, have accounted for a quarter of global potato total output, rank first in the world.At the beginning of 2015
China is using potato as the fourth-largest important cereal crops after wheat, corn, rice, with establishing potato staple food grain
Position.People are referred to as " underground apple " according to potato nutritive value abundant.The Major Nutrient of potato tubers dry matter
Ingredient includes starch, proteins,vitamins,minerals, and wherein overall starch content 12%-22%, important energy is provided for the mankind
Amount.Nutritionist claims daily 0.5 jin of fresh potato that can maintain whole vitamin required for people's diel.Potato
Also referred to as minerals treasure-house, rich in elements such as potassium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, zinc, selenium in fresh sweet potato.
Color potato because its be rich in anthocyanidin and anthocyanin due to show it is bright in luster, because of anthocyanidin content in its stem tuber
In addition to conventional white skin plain boiled pork and Calusena lansium Huang meat Potato Cultivars, and red skin red meat, purple skin purple meat, the black purple of black purple skin is presented in difference
The kinds such as meat.Color potato nutritive value is higher than normal potato and is also rich in addition to the nutrient containing normal potato
The functional components such as anthocyanidin and a variety of polyphenol, anthocyanin, Vc and carotenoid.Anthocyanidin has antioxidant activity effect, energy
Enough enhance blood vessel elasticity and skin smoothness.Wang Quanyi is studies have shown that red and purple-colored potato polyphenol can significantly inhibit human body
The in-vitro multiplication of colon cancer Caco-2 and hepatoma Hep G 2 cells, and anticancer activity is significant related to polyphenol content.It is green in extract
Ortho acid and anthocyanidin play a significant role in the inhibition of cancer cell multiplication.In addition, the antitumaous effect of color potato anthocyanin
Also it is proved in breast cancer, prostate cancer, liver cancer cells.The commercial value of color potato also above normal potato, because
Color is held essentially constant in process for it, can obtain natural colour potato chips and French fries.From color potato potato skin
The pigment of extraction may be used as colouring drinks agent, and the alkaloid of extraction can be used for pharmaceutical developments.But current color potato exists
The cultivated area in the whole nation only visit its reason not as good as the 1 ‰ of normal potato cultivated area and be that color potato is put by more than ten thousand mu
Big low output, related planting technology is immature, so research color potato high-yield planting technology is of great significance.
Chinese arid, semiarid land area account for about the 53% of the gross area, and arid is to cause Chinese and make produce all over the world
Measure the main reason for low and unstable.The semiarid region semi-moist in China relies primarily on other than the Irrigation farming of limited scale
In the rain-fed agriculture of natural precipitation, i.e., it has often been said that dry farming.According to related research shows that: northwest China arid and semi-arid area
Annual precipitation is the area of 250-400mm, and the crop moisture rate of having a deficit is up to 40%-70%.Precipitation, agricultural land soil water supply with
The degree of coupling is low between the water demand of crop, is in unbalance and misaligned state.
Drought and water shortage seriously affects the high yield of potato, stable yields, therefore the productive potentialities for excavating dry farming potato are current
Urgent problem to be solved.The measures such as improving straw mulching, overlay film, water-retaining agent be in production through frequently with drought-resistant cultivating measure, and
Have certain effect effect, but is concentrated mainly on for the research invention of potato application water-retaining agent singly applies on water-retaining agent at present,
It is also less to the application research of Compositional type water-retaining agent.
Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic (Allium setifolium Schrenk), green onion section allium, bulb number piece consor, narrow ovate or
Ovate is cylindrical, thick 0.5-1 centimetres, is distributed in the families in West-North Desert of China in In The North of Xinjiang and China, locals mainly eats raw
Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic.Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic have drought resisting cold-resistant, disease resistance and it is adaptable, be easy to cultivate etc. characteristics.By the agricultural cultivation of many years
Plantation is found, in growth course, can secrete special penetrating odor, has good walk quickly and keep away to aphid and other pests
Effect, almost without disease generation.In recent years, a series of researchs have been carried out around the artificial growth of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic and its development and utilization
Work, but do not understood its growth characteristics and drought resisting mechanism in depth, it is also not attempt to by innovating cropping pattern, sufficiently
Play silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic saving water, resisting drought, the growth characteristics checked winds and fixed drifting sand.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the huge market potential and arid area agricultural production and income of color potato industry popularization
Current demand provides a kind of high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato.
The present invention provides a kind of high yield cultivating methods of drought-enduring water-saving color potato, which is characterized in that including with
Lower step:
(1) selection of land site preparation: choosing preceding crop is leveling land for non-solanaceous crops, carries out ploughing deeply farming after autumn harvest, wait for the coming year
Spring sowing；
(2) seed treatment: stripping and slicing seed dressing was carried out to seed potato in 5 days before potato sowing, silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed is sowed first 5 days
Carry out breaking dormancy, seed soaking operation；
(3) on the plot after smooth, potato Special basal fertilizer, row replacement width basal dressing and ridging: are made by oneself every 1m row replacement
For 30cm, potato Special basal fertilizer 1200kg is made in row replacement by oneself per acre；Thereafter with rotary cultivator soil is screwed in and on base manure band
Ridging, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge top width 40cm, the high 15cm in ridge, ridge spacing 70cm；
(4) sowing simultaneously applies Compositional type water-retaining agent in cave, and overlay film is emerged thereafter: color potato is that 30 × 25cm carries out ridge by seeding row spacing
Upper bunch planting, every 1-2 potato wedge of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 10-15cm；Simultaneously between ridge between make silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, a water is poured before broadcasting, is adopted
It is sowed seeds 20-40 with trench digging live streaming or bunch planting, depth of planting 2cm, line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, every cave, broadcasting per acre
Kind amount is 2-4kg, and wet sand soil is covered after broadcasting；The self-control Compositional type water-retaining agent of 1:5 mixing by volume is applied in cave among two plants of potato seeds
And sandy soil, depth 15-20cm are per acre 50-70kg with mixed sandy soil amount, now apply and now mix；Thereafter selection breadth is
90cm covers high ridge, membrane edge suppression of soil with a thickness of the film of 0.008mm；Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed sprouting need to be needed compared with moist soil
After earthing, while the stalk for being covered with one layer of 1cm thickness reduces moisture evaporation, is greater than 90% or height of seedling 1cm to field emergence amount
When, covering is removed in time；When color potato seedling starts teleblem, timely rupture of membranes draws seedling；
(5) field management and disease control: color potato seedling stage, tuber initiation stage, tuber expansion period, the starch accumulation phase into
Row watering topdressing operation, imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg with water every time per acre；In color potato tuber initiation stage and stem tuber
Expanding stage sprays and makes foliar fertilizer by oneself twice, per acre dosage 500ml, to 200 times of water, foliage-spray；The time of infertility earths up 1-2 times；
Keypoint control late blight；When diseased plant occurs in field, protective fungicide, such as 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 70% generation are selected
Gloomy mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder etc. carry out spraying prevention and treatment, spray within 7-10 days 1 time, continuously prevent and treat 1-3
It is secondary；When carrying out chemical control, avoid that same fungicide is used for a long time, each medicament should be used alternatingly, to prevent from developing drug resistance；
Diseased plant should take away in time field and destroy；Other management measures are the same as general crop field；
(6) harvest: color potato cultivation generally selects fine day to harvest successively to October from mid-September；It moderately dries in the air after potato wedge harvest
Dry surface moisture carries out the classification of commodity potato, pack by size；The watering of stopping in first 7 days is harvested, with benefit storage；In potato harvest
Before, the picking harvest of a leaf fragrant-flowered garlic can be carried out, the silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic after harvesting is packed.
The specific steps of colored seed potato processing in the step (2) are as follows: (1) preferably potato seed stripping and slicing: sowing
First 5 days or so, high-quality potato seed is selected to carry out stripping and slicing, when only one bud eye of potato seed, selects not stripping and slicing or only cut umbilical region
A bit；When potato seed there are 2 bud eyes, longitudinal sectional potato wedge is selected, guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has a bud eye；When potato seed is greater than 2
When bud eye, the longitudinal direction stripping and slicing of every 1-2 bud eye guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has more than one bud eye；25% Gao Meng need to be used every stripping and slicing ten times
Sour aqueous solutions of potassium sterilizes cutter, often switches to primary sick potato and is both needed to disinfection cutter, and by sick potato wedge isolated operation platform and potato seed heap；
(2) dress seed: every 100kg potato seed is dressed seed with seed dressing 2kg, sunning 10 hours or more, is sowed after wound healing.
The specific steps of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed treatment in the step (2) are as follows: (1) Seeds preprocess: preferred silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic kind
Son carries out silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed plasma using plasma seed processing machine 5DL-2 and handles 4 days before seed soaking, treatment dosage
For 1A, number of processes is 2 times；(2) Medicament soaked seed: medicament used is+5% gibberellin heteroauxin of 30% polyethylene glycol, 15
Degree Celsius constant temperature impregnates 6-12 hours；After the completion of processing, taking-up is dried and shading saves, and seed contact illumination is avoided to lead
Cause germination rate decline.
The composition proportion of self-control potato Special basal fertilizer in the step (3) are as follows: compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (pure N:P2O4:
K2O=15:15:15) 200kg+ organic fertilizer 1000kg.
The ingredient of Compositional type water-retaining agent is by weight ratio in the step (4) are as follows: polyacrylic acid k particle 70-80, has
Machine fertilizer 30-40, insecticide 2-5, Bravo 2-5, bamboo charcoal powder 10-15.
The ingredient of self-control foliar fertilizer is by weight ratio in the step (5) are as follows: sheep dung 20-40, mushroom dreg 10-20,
Alditol slag 15-25, soy meal 5-10, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60-70, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 20-30, potassium phosphate 5-10, iron molybdate 5-10, Asia
Sodium selenate 3-7, pyraclostrobin 5-10.
The seed dressing ingredient is by weight ratio are as follows: metalaxyl-mn-zn 5-15, carbendazim 10-20, agricultural streptomycin 10-
20, talcum powder 500-600, plant ash 300-400.
The ingredient of the organic fertilizer is by weight ratio are as follows: sheep dung 60-70, corncob 60-80, Sunflower Pole 30-40, dry lucerne
Mu 40-60, megasse 20-30, stalk 50-70, humic acid 30-50, bone meal 10-20 are made after sufficiently grinding mixed fermentation.
The proportion of the ingredient of the organic fertilizer by weight are as follows: sheep dung 60-80, stalk 50-70, humic acid 30-50, bone meal
10-20, sawdust 30-40, corncob 20-30, dry clover 40-50, megasse 40-60 are made after being fully ground crushing fermentation.
The ingredient of the insecticide is by weight ratio are as follows: phoxim granule 10-20, metrifonate pulvis 50-60.
Beneficial effects of the present invention:
1, when handling silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed, the invention is designed as corona treatment+seed treatment dual mode, uses
Break a leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed dormancy, effectively raises seed germination rate；
2, irritant smell is distributed in silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic growth and development process, so can be walked quickly and kept away well when making between potato
Aphid protects potato haulm, further to reduce aphis propagation pest and disease risk, increases farmland ecosystem stability；
3, make silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic between potato high ridge overlay film, since the Soil Water Content in Tilth Layer of the double ridge cultivations of film is higher, water-retaining effect effect
Fruit is best, has ensured the basic water requirement of entire farmland sysrem；During planting color potato, self-control Compositional type has been used
Water-retaining agent greatly reduces potato production so that one step of farming operations such as water-saving, pesticide-germicide, improvement soil texture is in place
Water requirement and farming operations amount in the process；
4, the special application for matching base manure, significantly improves soil fertility, meets potato time of infertility growth and development demand；It is growing
Critical period spy matches the application of foliar fertilizer, even more improves the yield and quality of color potato；
5, it is creative will color potato and silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic carry out between make, increase agricultural land soil utilization rate, improve soil production
Extracting rate can improve yield 19.8% than general planting color potato per hectare, reach 45090kg/hm2。
Specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with specific embodiment, the present invention is further explained: it should be pointed out that embodiment is used merely to explain this hair
It is bright rather than for limiting the present invention.
Embodiment 1: silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic method for treating seeds optimization test
The silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed for using in mid-May, 2017 harvest is test material in October, 2016, by comparing at different chemical agents
Seed sprouting situation after reason selects optimal chemical reagent and processing method, is first soaked seed with different agents, carries out sprouting examination later
It tests, specially following scheme:
Handle experimental design are as follows: 1, with dense H2SO4Vernalization is carried out after seed soaking 5min.2, with after 30% polyglycol solution seed soaking 10h
Carry out germination test vernalization.3, with being sprouted after+5% gibberellin heteroauxin solution seed soaking 10h of 30% polyglycol solution
Test vernalization.4, after plasma seed processing machine carries out corona treatment, darkroom stands 4 days, then molten with 30% polyethylene glycol
+ 5% gibberellin heteroauxin solution seed soaking 10h of liquid, followed by germination test vernalization.
Germination test: the surface of the seed with 2%NaClO disinfection 2min again with distilled water flushing for several times.25 kinds of every processing
Son, 4 repetitions, totally 100 seeds, seed is placed in the 90mm culture dish of two filter paper of pad with 5 × 5 square matrix situation, black
It carries out germination test under dark condition under 15 degrees Celsius of constant temperatures respectively, later every counting sprouting situation for 24 hours, is dashed forward with radicle
Statistics break in the seed coat to sprout, end in the 8th day is tested.Test statistics result such as the following table 1.
From test statistics, it will be seen that red by preferred+30% polyglycol solution+5% of corona treatment
Mycin heteroauxin solution can effectively improve a leaf fragrant-flowered garlic percentage of seedgermination, compared to dense H2SO4Seed soaking improves 84%；Phase
Than being improved compared to+5% gibberellin heteroauxin of 30% polyethylene glycol in improving 64.3% with 30% polyethylene glycol
27.8%。
Embodiment 2: make color potato and Si Ye fragrant-flowered garlic experiment in cultivation in big field
In October, 2016 in October, 2017, research team is in the Inner Mongol Bayannur township Wuyuan County Shi Ba overlay film potato seed
Growing area carries out big field and makees color potato and Si Ye fragrant-flowered garlic experiment in cultivation, and this area's weather belongs to middle temperate continental climate, has
The feature that luminous energy is abundant, sunshine is sufficient, drying is windy, rainfall is few, average annual rainfall 170mm, and have focused largely on summer and autumn two
Season the water phase is needed relatively to coincide with potato；Select the locality black beauty of high yield color potato kind H- as test variety；It is specific real
It is as follows to apply scheme:
(1) selection of land site preparation: choosing preceding crop is leveling land for corn, carries out ploughing deeply farming after autumn harvest, spring of waiting for the coming year is broadcast
Kind；
(2) seed treatment: stripping and slicing seed dressing was carried out to seed potato in 5 days before potato sowing, silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed is sowed first 5 days
Carry out breaking dormancy, seed soaking operation；The specific steps of color potato potato seed processing are as follows: 1, preferably potato seed stripping and slicing: prior to seeding 5
It or so selects high-quality potato seed to carry out stripping and slicing, when only one bud eye of potato seed, selects not stripping and slicing or umbilical region is only cut one
Point；When potato seed there are 2 bud eyes, longitudinal sectional potato wedge is selected, guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has a bud eye；When potato seed is greater than 2 buds
At the moment, every 1-2 bud eye longitudinal direction stripping and slicing guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has more than one bud eye；25% permanganic acid need to be used every stripping and slicing ten times
Aqueous solutions of potassium sterilizes cutter, often switches to primary sick potato and is both needed to disinfection cutter, and by sick potato wedge isolated operation platform and potato seed heap；2,
Seed dressing: every 100kg potato seed is dressed seed with seed dressing 2kg, sunning 10 hours or more, is sowed after wound healing.The ingredient of seed dressing
By weight ratio are as follows: metalaxyl-mn-zn 10, carbendazim 15, agricultural streptomycin 15, talcum powder 500-600, plant ash 300-400；
The specific steps of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed treatment are as follows: (1) Seeds preprocess: preferred silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed, 4 days before seed soaking, use etc. from
Daughter seed processing machine 5DL-2 carries out the processing of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed plasma, treatment dosage 1A, and number of processes is 2 times；(2)
Medicament soaked seed: medicament used is+5% gibberellin heteroauxin of 30% polyethylene glycol, in 15 degrees Celsius of constant temperatures, impregnates 6-12
Hour；After the completion of processing, taking-up is dried and shading saves, and avoids seed contact illumination that germination rate is caused to decline；
(3) on the plot after smooth, potato Special basal fertilizer, row replacement width basal dressing and ridging: are made by oneself every 1m row replacement
For 30cm, potato Special basal fertilizer 1200kg is made in row replacement by oneself per acre；Make the composition proportion of potato Special basal fertilizer by oneself are as follows: potassium sulfate
Compound fertilizer (pure N:P2O4:K2O=15:15:15) 200kg+ organic fertilizer 1000kg；Wherein the ingredient of organic fertilizer is by weight ratio are as follows:
Sheep dung 65, corncob 70, Sunflower Pole 35, dry clover 50, megasse 25, stalk 60, humic acid 40, bone meal 15 are sufficiently ground
It is made after mixed fermentation.Thereafter soil and the ridging on base manure band, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge top width are screwed in rotary cultivator
40cm, the high 15cm in ridge, ridge spacing 70cm；
(4) sowing simultaneously applies Compositional type water-retaining agent in cave, and overlay film is emerged thereafter: color potato is that 30 × 25cm carries out ridge by seeding row spacing
Upper bunch planting, every 1-2 potato wedge of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 10-15cm；Simultaneously between ridge between make silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, a water is poured before broadcasting, is adopted
It is sowed seeds 20-40 with trench digging live streaming or bunch planting, depth of planting 2cm, line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, every cave, broadcasting per acre
Kind amount is 2-4kg, and wet sand soil is covered after broadcasting；The self-control Compositional type water-retaining agent of 1:5 mixing by volume is applied in cave among two plants of potato seeds
And sandy soil, depth 15-20cm are per acre 60kg with mixed sandy soil amount, now apply and now mix；The ingredient of Compositional type water-retaining agent is pressed
Weight proportion are as follows: polyacrylic acid k particle 75, organic fertilizer 35, insecticide 2-5, Bravo 2-5, bamboo charcoal powder 10-15；Compositional type is protected
The ingredient of organic fertilizer is by weight ratio in aqua are as follows: sheep dung 70, stalk 60, humic acid 40, bone meal 15, sawdust 35, corncob 25,
Dry clover 45, megasse 50 are made after being fully ground crushing fermentation；The ingredient of insecticide is matched by weight in Compositional type water-retaining agent
Than are as follows: phoxim granule 15, metrifonate pulvis 55；Thereafter selecting breadth is 90cm, covers height with a thickness of the film of 0.008mm
Ridge, membrane edge suppression of soil；Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed sprouting need to be compared with moist soil, therefore need to be after earthing, while being covered with the straw of one layer of 1cm thickness
Stalk reduces moisture evaporation, when field emergence amount is greater than 90% or height of seedling 1cm, removes covering in time；As color potato children
When seedling starts teleblem, timely rupture of membranes draws seedling；
(5) field management and disease control: color potato seedling stage, tuber initiation stage, tuber expansion period, the starch accumulation phase into
Row watering topdressing operation, imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg with water every time per acre；In color potato tuber initiation stage and stem tuber
Expanding stage sprays and makes foliar fertilizer by oneself twice, per acre dosage 500ml, to 200 times of water, foliage-spray；The ingredient of self-control foliar fertilizer is pressed
Weight proportion are as follows: sheep dung 30, mushroom dreg 15, alditol slag 20, soy meal 8, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 65, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 25, potassium phosphate
8, iron molybdate 8, sodium selenite 5, pyraclostrobin 8；The time of infertility earths up 1-2 times；Keypoint control late blight；When disease occurs in field
When strain, protective fungicide is selected, such as 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 70% mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Propineb can
Wet powder etc. carries out spraying prevention and treatment, sprays within 7-10 days 1 time, continuous prevention and treatment 1-3 times；When carrying out chemical control, avoid long-term
Using same fungicide, each medicament should be used alternatingly, to prevent from developing drug resistance；Diseased plant should take away in time field and destroy；
Other management measures are the same as general crop field；
(6) harvest: color potato cultivation generally selects fine day to harvest successively to October from mid-September；It moderately dries in the air after potato wedge harvest
Dry surface moisture carries out the classification of commodity potato, pack by size；The watering of stopping in first 7 days is harvested, with benefit storage；In potato harvest
Before, the picking harvest of a leaf fragrant-flowered garlic can be carried out, the silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic after harvesting is packed.
Embodiment 3: crop field nonoculture color potato test
In October, 2016 in October, 2017, research team is in the Inner Mongol Bayannur township Wuyuan County Shi Ba overlay film potato seed
Growing area carries out crop field nonoculture color potato experiment in cultivation, and this area's weather belongs to middle temperate continental climate, there is luminous energy to enrich,
The feature that sunshine is sufficient, drying is windy, rainfall is few, average annual rainfall 170mm, and two season of summer and autumn is had focused largely on, with Ma Ling
Potato needs the water phase relatively to coincide；Select the locality black beauty of high yield color potato kind H- as test variety；Specific embodiment is such as
Under:
(1) with embodiment 2；
(2) seed treatment: stripping and slicing seed dressing was carried out to seed potato in 5 days before potato sowing；Color potato potato seed processing
Specific steps are as follows: (1) preferably potato seed stripping and slicing: 5 days or so prior to seeding, select high-quality potato seed to carry out stripping and slicing, when potato seed only has
When one bud eye, selects not stripping and slicing or only cut umbilical region a bit；When potato seed there are 2 bud eyes, longitudinal sectional potato wedge is selected, is guaranteed every
Block potato wedge has a bud eye；When potato seed is greater than 2 bud eyes, the longitudinal direction stripping and slicing of every 1-2 bud eye guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has
More than one bud eye；Every stripping and slicing ten times need to sterilize cutter with 25% potassium permanganate solution, often switch to primary sick potato and be both needed to sterilize
Cutter, and by sick potato wedge isolated operation platform and potato seed heap；(2) it dresses seed, every 100kg potato seed is dressed seed with seed dressing 2kg, and sunning 10 is small
When more than, sowed after wound healing.Seed dressing ingredient is by weight ratio are as follows: metalaxyl-mn-zn 10, carbendazim 15, agricultural strepto-
Plain 15, talcum powder 500-600, plant ash 300-400；
(3) with embodiment 2；
(4) sowing simultaneously applies Compositional type water-retaining agent in cave, and overlay film is emerged thereafter: color potato is that 30 × 25cm carries out ridge by seeding row spacing
Upper bunch planting, every 1-2 potato wedge of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 10-15cm；1:5 mixing by volume is applied in cave among two plants of potato seeds
Self-control Compositional type water-retaining agent and sandy soil, depth 15-20cm are per acre 60kg with mixed sandy soil amount, now apply and now mix；Compounding
The ingredient of type water-retaining agent is by weight ratio are as follows: polyacrylic acid k particle 75, organic fertilizer 35, insecticide 2-5, Bravo 2-5, bamboo charcoal
Powder 10-15；The formula of organic fertilizer in Compositional type water-retaining agent are as follows: sheep dung 70, stalk 60, humic acid 40, bone meal 15, sawdust 35, jade
Rice core 25, dry clover 45, megasse 50 are made after being fully ground crushing fermentation；The ingredient of insecticide in Compositional type water-retaining agent
By weight ratio are as follows: phoxim granule 15, metrifonate pulvis 55；Thereafter selecting breadth is 90cm, with a thickness of the thin of 0.008mm
Film covers high ridge, membrane edge suppression of soil；When color potato seedling starts teleblem, timely rupture of membranes draws seedling；
(5) with embodiment 2；
(6) harvest: primary election in mid-September to October fine day harvests successively；Potato wedge harvest after moderately dry surface moisture, by size into
It does business and savors potato classification, pack；The watering of stopping in first 7 days is harvested, with benefit storage；
Since 10 days June in seedling stage of color potato, every 15 days or so, using checkerboard type sampling method, by the horse of embodiment 2 and 3
Bell potato field is divided into 10 pieces of regions respectively, and every area field randomly selects 2 plants of plant, amounts to 20 plants, Aphed population recorded thereon
And potato growthdevelopmental stage；Statistics obtains 2 data of table after summarizing.
Data in contrast table 2, we are it can be found that aphid just sporadicly occurs in the potato set initial phase, into 6 the end of month
Big generation at the beginning in July, thereafter with weather turns that cool and potato plant blade is withered and the potato fields that migrate out, quantity start to subtract
It is few；Between make the color potato field of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, Aphed population is far smaller than nonoculture field, and with the growth and development of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, prevents
The effect that eliminates aphis also is increasing；The phase occurs in entire aphid, the average preventive effect for making silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic has reached 82.1%.
Embodiment 4: conventional to use base fertilizer experiment
In October, 2016 in October, 2017, research team is in the Inner Mongol Bayannur township Wuyuan County Shi Ba overlay film potato seed
Growing area carries out big field and makees color potato and the conventional base fertilizer experiment of Si Ye fragrant-flowered garlic cultivation, and this area's weather belongs to middle temperate zone continent
Weather has the characteristics that luminous energy is abundant, sunshine is sufficient, drying is windy, rainfall is few, average annual rainfall 170mm, and focuses mostly on greatly
In two season of summer and autumn, the water phase is needed relatively to coincide with potato；Select the locality black beauty of high yield color potato kind H- as trial target
Kind；Specific embodiment is as follows:
(1-2) is the same as embodiment 2；
(3) basal dressing and ridging: on the plot after smooth, every 1m row replacement compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (pure N:P2O4:K2O=15:
15:15), row replacement width is 30cm, and dosage is 200kg/ mus；Thereafter soil is screwed in rotary cultivator and risen on base manure band
Ridge, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge top width 40cm, the high 15cm in ridge, ridge spacing 70cm；
(4-6) is the same as embodiment 2.
Embodiment 5: conventional to be tested with water-retaining agent
In October, 2016 in October, 2017, research team is in the Inner Mongol Bayannur township Wuyuan County Shi Ba overlay film potato seed
Color potato is made in the big field of growing area progress and Si Ye fragrant-flowered garlic cultivation routine is tested with water-retaining agent, and it is big that this area's weather belongs to middle temperate zone
Land weather has the characteristics that luminous energy is abundant, sunshine is sufficient, drying is windy, rainfall is few, average annual rainfall 170mm, and collection mostly
In in two season of summer and autumn, need the water phase relatively to coincide with potato；Select the black beauty of local high yield color potato kind H- as test
Kind；Specific embodiment is as follows:
(1-3) is the same as embodiment 2；
(4) sowing simultaneously applies conventional water-retaining agent in cave, and overlay film is emerged thereafter: color potato is that 30 × 25cm is carried out on ridge by seeding row spacing
Bunch planting, every 1-2 potato wedge of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 10-15cm；Simultaneously between ridge between make silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, a water is poured before broadcasting, use
Trench digging live streaming or bunch planting, depth of planting 2cm, line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, every cave are sowed seeds 20-40, sowing per acre
Amount is 2-4kg, and wet sand soil is covered after broadcasting；1:5 mixes conventional water-retaining agent and sandy soil by volume among two plants of potato seeds, conventional to be retained
Agent is polyacrylic acid k particle, and depth 15-20cm, dosage is to apply water-retaining agent 6kg per acre, now applies and now mixes；Thereafter width is selected
Width is 90cm, covers high ridge, membrane edge suppression of soil with a thickness of the film of 0.008mm；Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed sprouting need to compared with moist soil,
Therefore need to be after earthing, while the stalk for being covered with one layer of 1cm thickness reduces moisture evaporation, is greater than 90% or height of seedling to field emergence amount
When 1cm, covering is removed in time；When color potato seedling starts teleblem, timely rupture of membranes draws seedling；
(5-6) is the same as embodiment 2.
Embodiment 6: conventional to be tested with foliar fertilizer
The 4-10 month in 2017, research team carry out big in the Inner Mongol Bayannur township Wuyuan County Shi Ba overlay film potato seed growing area
Color potato is made in field and Si Ye fragrant-flowered garlic cultivation routine is tested with foliar fertilizer, and this area's weather belongs to middle temperate continental climate, tool
Have the characteristics that luminous energy is abundant, sunshine is sufficient, drying is windy, rainfall is few, average annual rainfall 170mm, and has focused largely on summer and autumn
Two seasons the water phase was needed relatively to coincide with potato；Select the locality black beauty of high yield color potato kind H- as test variety；Specifically
Embodiment is as follows:
(1-4) is the same as embodiment 2；
(5) field management and disease control: color potato seedling stage, tuber initiation stage, tuber expansion period, the starch accumulation phase into
Row watering topdressing operation, imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg with water every time per acre；In color potato tuber initiation stage and stem tuber
Expanding stage sprays potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice, per acre dosage 500g, to 200 times of water, foliage-spray；The time of infertility earths up 1-2 times；Weight
Point prevention and treatment late blight；When diseased plant occurs in field, protective fungicide is selected, such as 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 70% generation are gloomy
Mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder etc. carry out spraying prevention and treatment, spray within 7-10 days 1 time, continuously prevent and treat 1-3
It is secondary；When carrying out chemical control, avoid that same fungicide is used for a long time, each medicament should be used alternatingly, to prevent from developing drug resistance；
Diseased plant should take away in time field and destroy；Other management measures are the same as general crop field；
(6) with embodiment 2.
Embodiment 7: general planting color potato test
In October, 2016 in October, 2017, research team is in the Inner Mongol Bayannur township Wuyuan County Shi Ba overlay film potato seed
Growing area carries out the test of crop field color potato conventional cultivation, and this area's weather belongs to middle temperate continental climate, there is luminous energy to enrich,
The feature that sunshine is sufficient, drying is windy, rainfall is few, average annual rainfall 170mm, and two season of summer and autumn is had focused largely on, with Ma Ling
Potato needs the water phase relatively to coincide；With reference to the cultural method of Bayannur animal husbandry academy of sciences Zhao Na etc., local high yield colour Ma Ling is selected
The black beauty of potato kind H- is as test variety；Specific embodiment is as follows:
(1) selection of land site preparation: choosing preceding crop is leveling land for corn, carries out ploughing deeply farming after autumn harvest, spring of waiting for the coming year is broadcast
Kind；
(2) seed treatment: the black color whole potato stripping and slicing in 3-4 days before sowing in bell field, while adding carbendazim to carry out at seed dressing with talcum powder
Reason；
(3) basal dressing: Diammonium phosphate (DAP) 300kg/hm is applied in conjunction with site preparation2, 300 kg/hm of compound potassium sulfate fertilizer2, mend potassium 255
kg/hm2, suppressed 1 time after rotary tillage；
(4) it sows: artificial dibbling；
(5) field management and disease control: the time of infertility waters 4 times, imposes 150 kg/hm of urea with water every time2；The time of infertility
It tillage and weeding 3 times, earths up 2 times, ridging is primary, prevents and treats early late blight and gos and buy Chinese medicine 4 times, other management measures are the same as general crop field；
(6) harvest: subregion harvests successively.
Influence of each embodiment to potato yield and quality
For the yield and quality of potato in measurement embodiment 2-7, every embodiment randomly selects before color potato harvest
15m2Interior potato plant measures its plant height, anthocyanidin content, content of starch and converts yield and commodity potato rate；Wherein
As a result content of starch measurement is expressed as a percentage using the homogenate precipitation method；Anthocyanidin content measurement is measured using pH differential method, knot
Fruit is with mg/g dry weight (mg/g DW)；It is obtained after statistical average such as the following table 3 data.
Each embodiment data in contrast table 3, it has been found that on indices, the scheme after the present invention is preferred is produced
Beneficial effect；In plant height, preferred embodiment improves 27% than general planting, and the difference in plant height embodies potato growth mistake
The sufficient degree that nutrition obtains in journey, advantage plant height will be so that plant obtain more illumination and nutrition, and then influence potato
Quality and yield；In the quality determination of color potato, two important indicators of anthocyanidin content and content of starch, anthocyanidin content
Higher potato wedge, inoxidizability and nutritive value are higher, the higher potato wedge of content of starch, and commodity is better；In anthocyanidin
In content and content of starch, 24.6% and 12.8% has been respectively increased than general planting in the scheme after the present invention is preferred；Reason may
Be self-control potato base manure, Compositional type water-retaining agent and impose self-control foliar fertilizer comprehensive function result.
Finally, it is planted compared to conventional method, the present invention improves 19.8% in yield, improves on commodity potato rate
16.7%.A kind of high yield cultivating method of water-saving color potato of drought of the invention to the industrialization promotion of color potato and
Arid area agricultural production and income all has important industrial value.
The embodiments of the present invention described above are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.It is any in the present invention
Spirit and principle within made modifications, equivalent substitutions and improvements etc., should be included in claim protection model of the invention
Within enclosing.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato, which comprises the following steps:
(1) selection of land site preparation: choosing preceding crop is leveling land for non-solanaceous crops, carries out ploughing deeply farming after autumn harvest, wait for the coming year
Spring sowing；
(2) seed treatment: stripping and slicing seed dressing was carried out to seed potato in 5 days before potato sowing, silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed is sowed first 5 days
Carry out breaking dormancy, seed soaking operation；
(3) on the plot after smooth, potato Special basal fertilizer, row replacement width basal dressing and ridging: are made by oneself every 1m row replacement
For 30cm, potato Special basal fertilizer 1200kg is made in row replacement by oneself per acre；Thereafter with rotary cultivator soil is screwed in and on base manure band
Ridging, ridge bottom width 60cm, ridge top width 40cm, the high 15cm in ridge, ridge spacing 70cm；
(4) sowing simultaneously applies Compositional type water-retaining agent in cave, and overlay film is emerged thereafter: color potato is that 30 × 25cm carries out ridge by seeding row spacing
Upper bunch planting, every 1-2 potato wedge of bunch planting kind, depth of planting 10-15cm；Simultaneously between ridge between make silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic, a water is poured before broadcasting, is adopted
It is sowed seeds 20-40 with trench digging live streaming or bunch planting, depth of planting 2cm, line-spacing 15cm, spacing in the rows 5cm, every cave, broadcasting per acre
Kind amount is 2-4kg, and wet sand soil is covered after broadcasting；The self-control Compositional type water-retaining agent of 1:5 mixing by volume is applied in cave among two plants of potato seeds
And sandy soil, depth 15-20cm are per acre 50-70kg with mixed sandy soil amount, now apply and now mix；Thereafter selection breadth is
90cm covers high ridge, membrane edge suppression of soil with a thickness of the film of 0.008mm；Silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed sprouting need to be needed compared with moist soil
After earthing, while the stalk for being covered with one layer of 1cm thickness reduces moisture evaporation, is greater than 90% or height of seedling 1cm to field emergence amount
When, covering is removed in time；When color potato seedling starts teleblem, timely rupture of membranes draws seedling；
(5) field management and disease control: color potato seedling stage, tuber initiation stage, tuber expansion period, the starch accumulation phase into
Row watering topdressing operation, imposes compound potassium sulfate fertilizer 50kg with water every time per acre；In color potato tuber initiation stage and stem tuber
Expanding stage sprays and makes foliar fertilizer by oneself twice, per acre dosage 500ml, to 200 times of water, foliage-spray；The time of infertility earths up 1-2 times；
Keypoint control late blight；When diseased plant occurs in field, protective fungicide, such as 25% metalaxyl wettable powder, 70% generation are selected
Gloomy mancozeb wettable powder, 70% Wettable propineb powder etc. carry out spraying prevention and treatment, spray within 7-10 days 1 time, continuously prevent and treat 1-3
It is secondary；When carrying out chemical control, avoid that same fungicide is used for a long time, each medicament should be used alternatingly, to prevent from developing drug resistance；
Diseased plant should take away in time field and destroy；Other management measures are the same as general crop field；
(6) harvest: color potato cultivation generally selects fine day to harvest successively to October from mid-September；It moderately dries in the air after potato wedge harvest
Dry surface moisture carries out the classification of commodity potato, pack by size；The watering of stopping in first 7 days is harvested, with benefit storage；In potato harvest
Before, the picking harvest of a leaf fragrant-flowered garlic can be carried out, the silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic after harvesting is packed.
2. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The specific steps of colored seed potato processing in step (2) are as follows: (1) preferably potato seed stripping and slicing: 5 days or so prior to seeding, selection
High-quality potato seed carries out stripping and slicing, when only one bud eye of potato seed, selects not stripping and slicing or only cuts umbilical region a bit；When potato seed has 2
When a bud eye, longitudinal sectional potato wedge is selected, guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has a bud eye；When potato seed is greater than 2 bud eyes, every 1-2
The stripping and slicing of bud eye longitudinal direction guarantees that every piece of potato wedge has more than one bud eye；Every stripping and slicing ten times need to be with 25% potassium permanganate solution to cutting
Knife disinfection often switches to primary sick potato and is both needed to disinfection cutter, and by sick potato wedge isolated operation platform and potato seed heap；(2) it dresses seed: every
100kg potato seed is dressed seed with seed dressing 2kg, sunning 10 hours or more, is sowed after wound healing.
3. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described
The specific steps of silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed treatment in step (2) are as follows: (1) Seeds preprocess: preferred silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed, 4 days before seed soaking,
It carries out silk leaf fragrant-flowered garlic seed plasma using plasma seed processing machine 5DL-2 to handle, treatment dosage 1A, number of processes is
2 times；(2) Medicament soaked seed: medicament used is+5% gibberellin heteroauxin of 30% polyethylene glycol, in 15 degrees Celsius of constant temperatures,
It impregnates 6-12 hours；After the completion of processing, taking-up is dried and shading saves, and avoids seed contact illumination that germination rate is caused to decline.
4. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The composition proportion of self-control potato Special basal fertilizer in step (3) are as follows: compound potassium sulfate fertilizer (pure N:P2O4:K2O=15:15:15)
200kg+ organic fertilizer 1000kg.
5. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The ingredient of Compositional type water-retaining agent is by weight ratio in step (4) are as follows: polyacrylic acid k particle 70-80, organic fertilizer 30-40, desinsection
Agent 2-5, Bravo 2-5, bamboo charcoal powder 10-15.
6. the high yield cultivating method of the drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
The ingredient of self-control foliar fertilizer is by weight ratio in step (5) are as follows: sheep dung 20-40, mushroom dreg 10-20, alditol slag 15-25, big
Bean powder 5-10, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 60-70, ammonium hydrogen carbonate 20-30, potassium phosphate 5-10, iron molybdate 5-10, sodium selenite 3-7, pyrazoles
Kresoxim-methyl 5-10.
7. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 2, which is characterized in that described
Seed dressing ingredient is by weight ratio are as follows: metalaxyl-mn-zn 5-15, carbendazim 10-20, agricultural streptomycin 10-20, talcum powder 500-
600, plant ash 300-400.
8. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 4, which is characterized in that described has
The ingredient of machine fertilizer is by weight ratio are as follows: sheep dung 60-70, corncob 60-80, Sunflower Pole 30-40, dry clover 40-60, megasse
20-30, stalk 50-70, humic acid 30-50, bone meal 10-20 are made after sufficiently grinding mixed fermentation.
9. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
The proportion of the ingredient of organic fertilizer by weight are as follows: sheep dung 60-80, stalk 50-70, humic acid 30-50, bone meal 10-20, sawdust 30-
40, corncob 20-30, dry clover 40-50, megasse 40-60 are made after being fully ground crushing fermentation.
10. the high yield cultivating method of drought-enduring water-saving color potato according to claim 5, which is characterized in that described
Insecticide ingredient by weight ratio are as follows: phoxim granule 10-20, metrifonate pulvis 50-60.
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| CN112314282A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-02-05 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Green prevention and control method for potato late blight |
| CN112335507A (en) * | 2020-11-05 | 2021-02-09 | 毕节市农业科学研究所 | Planting method for winter-planting potatoes |
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| CN112314282A (en) * | 2020-10-13 | 2021-02-05 | 中国农业科学院植物保护研究所 | Green prevention and control method for potato late blight |
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