CN101946599A - High yield culturing technique for early spring summer radish in small plastic house - Google Patents
High yield culturing technique for early spring summer radish in small plastic house Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high yield culturing technique for early spring summer radish 'Number one NanKe' in a small plastic house, which comprises the following steps of: land selection, cultivation and management, disease prevention and control and the like. By using a series of ordered management techniques, the summer radish 'Number one NanKe' is promoted to be available in the market early, off-season production of the summer radish is realized, and the technique is easy to master; meanwhile, multiple cultivation modes which are matched with other crops can be selected, so that land utilization rate and output rate are increased, and innovation of the cultivation modes is realized; and the technique brings high profit along with short time, small investment and more benefit, and effectively increases the economic benefit of vegetable growers.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the little shed high-yield culture technique of a kind of summer radish, belong to the crop cultivating technology field.
Background technology:
At present, China's radish cultivation area is about 1,800 ten thousand mu, and the summer radish area under cultivation is about 2,010,000 mu, average yield 1000-1300 kilogram/mu.Traditional summer radish sowing time, for fear of premature bolting, general many employing vernalization were sowed to be advisable in the beginning of spring of around, and vernalization sowing comparatively expends human, financial, and material resources power, and the traditional cultivation method growth cycle long, yield poorly, can't off-season cultivation, so concerning the peasant, economic benefit is not good enough.
Summary of the invention:
The purpose of this invention is to provide little shed high-yield cultivating method in a kind of early spring, the present invention can effectively improve quality, output and the output value of summer radish in early spring, shortens vegetative period, list marketing in advance.
The solution of the present invention comprises the soil selection, site preparation and fertilization, the bedding sowing, the field management and the extermination of disease and insect pest, the present invention is hybridized as male parent to do maternal when real estate Chinese holly summer radish and to work as real estate spring ternip, go out " No. one, Nan Ke " new quality of summer radish through systematic breeding, by to its biological property, the research of characteristic and high-yield culture technique and planting experiment, the little shed high-yield cultivating method in the early spring of finding out summer radish of success, finished the present invention, realized tradition " Chinese holly " summer radish growth 28.6-37.5% of per mu yield value, the more traditional Chinese holly of benefit increases the high-yield culturing innovative technology of 65.3-73.8%.
Advantage of the present invention is by a series of orderly management technology, promoted early going public of " No. one, Nan Ke " summer radish, but anti-season production, technology is easily grasped, can filter out simultaneously the polynary cultivation mode of arranging in pairs or groups, improve land utilization rate and output capacity, realize the cultivation mode innovation with other crops, be the way to get rich of a time weak point, small investment, high efficiency, effectively improved vegetable grower's economic benefit.
Embodiment:
Below the present invention is described in further detail:
" No. one, Nan Ke " summer radish little shed high-yield culture technique in early spring, this technology adopt following steps to carry out cultivation management:
1, the soil is selected: select ecotope good, husky earth and loam that soil horizon is deep, pH value be at 5-8, the field piece that middle fertility is above.
2, site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughed before the winter and freeze upturned soil in the soil, increases gas porosity, and mid-January in early spring, deep ploughing was thin fertile, tilling depth 22-28cm wholely.In conjunction with whole ground basal dressing, execute farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram for every mu, the fertilizer 500-800 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or 20 kilograms in carbonic hydroammonium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N
15, P
2O
515, K
2O
15) the 30-40 kilogram.
3, bedding sowing: 1. bedding: furrow face width 1.5m, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 20cm, loosing soil, the furrow face is smooth, and grogs is in small, broken bits evenly.2. sowing: late January, face of land 10cm temperature stabilization was more than 5 ℃, when being not less than 3 ℃ night to early Febuary.Soil moisture content field capacity 70-80%.3. the amount of broadcasting and density: drilling 1-1.5 kilogram/mu, sown scope 20cm.0.75 kilogram/mu of program request, every cave 3-5 grain, density 2.0 ten thousand strain/mus, row strain cabinet 22cm * 15cm, seed level 2-3cm.4. build canopy: the little shed of buckle closure after planting, the high 1m of canopy, the wide 1.5m of canopy.The arch bar spacing is 60cm.Grave mound compacting around the epiphragma then, canopy film increases soil temperature.
4, field management:
(1) thinning final singling: thinning for the first time, when rough leaf is launched; Thinning for the second time is in 2 leaf phases, during thinning.Dial and remove sick worm seedling, thin and delicate seedling, lopsided seedling and assorted young plant, seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave, and when radish 3-4 leaf, by distance between rows and hills 22cm * 15cm final singling, 1 strain is stayed in every cave.
(2) intertill and clean tillage: according to soil moisture content, carry out intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with thinning, for the first time, intertillage degree of depth 2-3cm during thinning; For the second time, intertillage when fleshy root begins to grow, degree of depth 4cm.
(3) water: the summer radish leaf area is big, and root system is undeveloped, be according to growing state, and in conjunction with the irrigation of watering of rainfall, temperature, subterranean water level, air and soil temperature regime.1. seedling phase: the shallow water that needs of root in seedling stage is few, and temperature is low, and soil moisture content keeps more than 60%, is principle to water less that duty waters; 2. leaf portion peak of growing season: leaf portion peak of growing season root expands gradually, needs water more, irrigate in right amount, waters the normal development of assurance leaf portion 1-2 time; 3. root growth is contained the phase: water twice, evenly supply water, guarantee soil moisture 70-80%, the growth that is beneficial to its fleshy root is like this expanded, and can prevent the fervent heart again.
(4) temperature treatment: 1. after planting, keep interior about daytime temperature 18-22 ℃ of canopy, 10 ℃-12 ℃ of nights; 2. behind the neat seedling, daytime temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, 8-12 ℃ of night; 3. seedling phase to leaf portion peak of growing season,, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10 ℃ of nights; 4. fleshy root expanding stage, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10-12 ℃ of night; 5. enter early April, wind off the canopy film, open wide and leak informaton.
(5) foliage spray: after gathering for the first time, available 1% urea or 0.3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage-spray, spray 2 times.
5, the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1) main pest control
1. cabbage caterpillar: with 5% press down 2500 times of liquid of hooligan's missible oil, or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10% chlorine, penta chrysanthemum fat missible oil, spraying control.
2. aphid:
A. yellow plate trapping: yellow plate trapping aphid is set, with 40cm * 60cm rectangle cardboard or waste and old fibre plate, colored yellow paint, be coated with last layer machine oil then, hang ground in the ranks or between strain, hang the 30-40 piece for every mu, when yellow plate sticks aphid, be coated with one deck machine oil again, smeared once in general 7-10 days.
B. chemical control: the imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 with 10% times of liquid control, 4-7 days once, 2-3 time continuously.
(2) main disease control:
1. downy mildew: their early stage, with 8000-10000 times of liquid of group's lucky star, or 200 times of liquid of Du's group's lucky star, or 500-600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, sprayed once 2-3 time continuously in 7-10 days.
2. black rot: every mu with Feng Ling 100-150 gram, converts 50 kilograms of sprayings of water and prevent and treat, or convert 100 kilograms of fillings of water root with Feng Ling 150-250 gram, sprays 3000-4000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder simultaneously.
6, results:
The time first phase is early April, receives once weigh 0.2 kilogram summer radish of menu root, the listing of gathering in per 2 days.
The time second phase is mid-April, receives once in per 3 days, and fleshy root fully expands, and in time gathers and goes up market.
7, seminal propagation main points:
(1) select the field piece: attention and crop in cruciferae distance isolation will be selected preceding batch of field piece of not planting brassicaceous vegetable more than 1000 meters.
(2) sowing: 1. time: early Febuary, face of land 10cm ground temperature is stabilized in more than 5 ℃; 2. the amount of broadcasting: 0.5 kilogram/mu of program request, 3 in every cave, general density 0.8 ten thousand strain/mus, distance between rows and hills 40cm * 20cm, seed level 2-3cm; 3. density: 0.8 ten thousand strain/mus; 4. after planting in time detain and build little shed.
(3) field management:
1. field management before the bolting:
A. thinning final singling: thinning for the first time, when rough leaf is launched; Thinning for the second time in 2 leaf phases, during thinning, is dialled and is removed sick worm seedling, thin and delicate seedling, lopsided seedling and assorted young plant, and seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave, and when radish 3-4 leaf, by distance between rows and hills 22cm * 15cm final singling, 1 strain is stayed in every cave.
B. intertill and clean tillage: according to soil moisture content, carry out intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with thinning, for the first time, intertillage degree of depth 2-3cm during thinning; For the second time, intertillage when fleshy root begins to grow, degree of depth 4cm.
C. water: the summer radish leaf area is big, and root system is undeveloped, be according to growing state, and in conjunction with the irrigation of watering of rainfall, temperature, subterranean water level, air and soil temperature regime.1. seedling phase: the shallow water that needs of root in seedling stage is few, and temperature is low, and soil moisture content keeps more than 60%, is principle to water less that duty waters; 2. leaf portion peak of growing season: leaf portion peak of growing season root expands gradually, needs water more, irrigate in right amount, waters the normal development of assurance leaf portion 1-2 time; 3. root growth is contained the phase: water twice, evenly supply water, guarantee soil moisture 70-80%, the growth that is beneficial to its fleshy root is like this expanded, and can prevent the fervent heart again.
D. temperature treatment: 1. after planting, keep in the canopy about daytime temperature 18-22 ℃, 10 ℃-12 ℃ of nights; 2. behind the neat seedling, daytime temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, 8-12 ℃ of night; 3. seedling phase to leaf portion peak of growing season,, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10 ℃ of nights; 4. fleshy root expanding stage, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10-12 ℃ of night; 5. enter early April, wind off the canopy film, open wide and leak informaton.
E. foliage spray: after gathering for the first time, available 1% urea or 0.3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage-spray, spray 2 times.
2. fleshy root expanding stage roguing: pull out do not have this kind varietal characteristic, characteristic, fleshy root is less, skin is rough, lateral root is many, the individual plant of first bolting, pulls out diseased plant, assorted strain and special-shaped strain.
3. field management behind the bolting: a.4 remove little shed the middle of the month, carry out outdoor cropping; B. water: watered one time water every 7 days, soil conservation this moment is done wet, and not ftractureing with soil is as the criterion, and enters Flowers ending control and waters; C. fertilizer: in conjunction with watering 30 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers or foliage-spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: keypoint control aphid and downy mildew; E. florescence roguing: pull out do not have this kind feature, diseased plant and special-shaped strain; F. results: plant after the pod yellow maturity results in time, choose seeds for the last time during results, select ripening rate height, good the reserving seed for planting of growth, strictness is held purity and is checked and accepted and close, and receives back timely cool solarization, threshing, cleans, air-dry, preserves under the low temperature drying condition.
Claims (3)
1. summer radish little shed high-yield cultivating method in early spring, it is characterized in that: it comprises the steps:
(1) soil is selected: select ecotope good, husky earth and loam that soil horizon is deep, pH value be at 5-8, the field piece that middle fertility is above;
(2) site preparation and fertilization: deep ploughed before the winter and freeze upturned soil in the soil, increases gas porosity, and mid-January in early spring, deep ploughing was thin fertile wholely, tilling depth 22-28cm in conjunction with whole ground basal dressing, executes farmyard manure 2000-3000 kilogram for every mu, the fertilizer 500-800 kilogram that becomes thoroughly decomposed, or 20 kilograms in carbonic hydroammonium, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N
15, P
2O
515, K
2O
15) the 30-40 kilogram;
(3) bedding sowing: 1. bedding: furrow face width 1.5m, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 20cm, loosing soil, the furrow face is smooth, and grogs is in small, broken bits evenly; 2. sowing: late January is to early Febuary, and face of land 10cm temperature stabilization is more than 5 ℃, when being not less than 3 ℃ night, and soil moisture content field capacity 70-80%; 3. the amount of broadcasting and density: drilling 1-1.5 kilogram/mu, sown scope 20cm, 0.75 kilogram/mu of program request, every cave 3-5 grain, density 2.0 ten thousand strain/mus, row strain cabinet 22cm * 15cm, seed level 2-3cm; 4. build canopy: the little shed of buckle closure after planting, the high 1m of canopy, the wide 1.5m of canopy, the arch bar spacing is 60cm, epiphragma then, grave mound compacting around the canopy film increases soil temperature;
(4) field management:
1. thinning final singling: thinning for the first time, when rough leaf is launched; Thinning for the second time in 2 leaf phases, during thinning, is dialled and is removed sick worm seedling, thin and delicate seedling, lopsided seedling and assorted young plant, and seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave, and when radish 3-4 leaf, by distance between rows and hills 22cm * 15cm final singling, 1 strain is stayed in every cave;
2. intertill and clean tillage: according to soil moisture content, carry out intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with thinning, for the first time, intertillage degree of depth 2-3cm during thinning, for the second time, intertillage when fleshy root begins to grow, degree of depth 4cm;
3. water: the summer radish leaf area is big, and root system is undeveloped, be according to growing state, in conjunction with the irrigation of watering of rainfall, temperature, subterranean water level, air and soil temperature regime, a. seedling phase: the shallow water that needs of root in seedling stage is few, and temperature is low, soil moisture content keeps more than 60%, is principle to water less that duty waters; B. leaf portion peak of growing season: leaf portion peak of growing season root expands gradually, needs water more, irrigate in right amount, waters the normal development of assurance leaf portion 1-2 time; C. root growth is contained the phase: water twice, evenly supply water, guarantee soil moisture 70-80%, the growth that is beneficial to its fleshy root is like this expanded, and can prevent the fervent heart again;
4. temperature treatment: a. after planting keeps interior about daytime temperature 18-22 ℃ of canopy, 10 ℃-12 ℃ of nights; B. behind the neat seedling, daytime temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, 8-12 ℃ of night; C. seedling phase to leaf portion peak of growing season,, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10 ℃ of nights; D. fleshy root expanding stage, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10-12 ℃ of night; E. enter early April, wind off the canopy film, open wide and leak informaton;
5. foliage spray: after gathering for the first time, available 1% urea or 0.3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage-spray, spray 2 times.
2. " No. one, Nan Ke " according to claim 1 summer radish little shed high-yield cultivating method in early spring, it is characterized in that: described high-yield cultivating method also comprises the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1) main pest control
1. cabbage caterpillar: with 5% press down 2500 times of liquid of hooligan's missible oil, or 2000-3000 times of liquid of 10% chlorine, penta chrysanthemum fat missible oil, spraying control;
2. aphid:
A. yellow plate trapping: yellow plate trapping aphid is set, with 40cm * 60cm rectangle cardboard or waste and old fibre plate, colored yellow paint, be coated with last layer machine oil then, hang ground in the ranks or between strain, hang the 30-40 piece for every mu, when yellow plate sticks aphid, be coated with one deck machine oil again, sprinkling in general 7-10 days is smeared once;
B. chemical control: the imidacloprid wettable powder 2000-3000 with 10% times of liquid control, 4-7 days are once, 2-3 time continuously;
(2) main disease control:
1. downy mildew: their early stage, with 8000-10000 times of liquid of group's lucky star, or 200 times of liquid of Du's group's lucky star, or 500-600 times of liquid of 75% tpn wetting powder, sprayed once 2-3 time continuously in 7-10 days;
2. black rot: every mu with Feng Ling 100-150 gram, converts 50 kilograms of sprayings of water and prevent and treat, or convert 100 kilograms of fillings of water root with Feng Ling 150-250 gram, sprays 3000-4000 times of liquid of 72% agricultural streptomycin soluble powder simultaneously.
3. " No. one, Nan Ke " according to claim 1 summer radish little shed high-yield cultivating method in early spring, it is characterized in that: described high-yield cultivating method also comprises the seminal propagation main points:
(1) select the field piece: attention and crop in cruciferae distance isolation will be selected preceding batch of field piece of not planting brassicaceous vegetable more than 1000 meters;
(2) sowing: 1. time: early Febuary, face of land 10cm ground temperature is stabilized in more than 5 ℃; 2. the amount of broadcasting: 0.5 kilogram/mu of program request, 3 in every cave, general density 0.8 ten thousand strain/mus, distance between rows and hills 40cm * 20cm, seed level 2-3cm; 3. density: 0.8 ten thousand strain/mus; 4. after planting in time detain and build little shed;
(3) field management:
1. field management before the bolting:
A. thinning final singling: thinning for the first time, when rough leaf is launched; Thinning for the second time in 2 leaf phases, during thinning, is dialled and is removed sick worm seedling, thin and delicate seedling, lopsided seedling and assorted young plant, and seedling 2-3 strain is stayed in every cave, and when radish 3-4 leaf, by distance between rows and hills 22cm * 15cm final singling, 1 strain is stayed in every cave;
B. intertill and clean tillage: according to soil moisture content, carry out intertill and clean tillage in conjunction with thinning, for the first time, intertillage degree of depth 2-3cm during thinning; For the second time, intertillage when fleshy root begins to grow, degree of depth 4cm;
C. water: the summer radish leaf area is big, and root system is undeveloped, be according to growing state, water irrigation, 1. seedling phase in conjunction with rainfall, temperature, subterranean water level, air and soil temperature regime: the shallow water that needs of root in seedling stage is few, and temperature is low, soil moisture content keeps more than 60%, is principle to water less that duty waters; 2. leaf portion peak of growing season: leaf portion peak of growing season root expands gradually, needs water more, irrigate in right amount, waters the normal development of assurance leaf portion 1-2 time; 3. root growth is contained the phase: water twice, evenly supply water, guarantee soil moisture 70-80%, the growth that is beneficial to its fleshy root is like this expanded, and can prevent the fervent heart again;
D. temperature treatment: 1. after planting, keep in the canopy about daytime temperature 18-22 ℃, 10 ℃-12 ℃ of nights; 2. behind the neat seedling, daytime temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, 8-12 ℃ of night; 3. seedling phase to leaf portion peak of growing season,, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10 ℃ of nights; 4. fleshy root expanding stage, daytime temperature is controlled at 18-22 ℃, 10-12 ℃ of night; 5. enter early April, wind off the canopy film, open wide and leak informaton;
E. foliage spray: after gathering for the first time, available 1% urea or 0.3 potassium dihydrogen phosphate carry out foliage-spray, spray 2 times;
2. fleshy root expanding stage roguing: pull out do not have this kind varietal characteristic, characteristic, fleshy root is less, skin is rough, lateral root is many, the individual plant of first bolting, pulls out diseased plant, assorted strain and special-shaped strain;
3. field management behind the bolting: a.4 remove little shed the middle of the month, carry out outdoor cropping; B. water: watered one time water every 7 days, soil conservation this moment is done wet, and not ftractureing with soil is as the criterion, and enters Flowers ending control and waters; C. fertilizer: in conjunction with watering 30 kilograms of every mu of sealing fertilizers or foliage-spray 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 3 times; D. the extermination of disease and insect pest: keypoint control aphid and downy mildew; E. florescence roguing: pull out do not have this kind feature, diseased plant and special-shaped strain; F. results: plant after the pod yellow maturity results in time, choose seeds for the last time during results, select ripening rate height, good the reserving seed for planting of growth, strictness is held purity and is checked and accepted and close, and receives back timely cool solarization, threshing, cleans, air-dry, preserves under the low temperature drying condition.
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CN102919020A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-13 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mountain summer radish open-field culture method |
CN103518437A (en) * | 2012-07-06 | 2014-01-22 | 山东登海种业股份有限公司西由种子分公司 | Method for sowing spring radishes in deep holes |
CN104206243A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-17 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for improving lateral branch rooting survival rate and seed reproduction quality of radish |
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CN102919020A (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2013-02-13 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mountain summer radish open-field culture method |
CN102919020B (en) * | 2012-11-01 | 2015-09-30 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Mountain summer radish open-field culture method |
CN104686114A (en) * | 2013-12-06 | 2015-06-10 | 林天国 | Planting method for single-plant dibble seeding of red-covered carrot in spring and summer |
CN104206243A (en) * | 2014-09-30 | 2014-12-17 | 山东省农业科学院蔬菜花卉研究所 | Method for improving lateral branch rooting survival rate and seed reproduction quality of radish |
CN104509355A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-15 | 苗玉辉 | Spring radish planting and seed reserving method |
CN104509354A (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2015-04-15 | 苗玉辉 | Method for planting summer radishes in spring |
CN104509355B (en) * | 2014-11-27 | 2017-01-04 | 苗玉辉 | Spring radish planting and seed reserving method |
CN105766259A (en) * | 2014-12-22 | 2016-07-20 | 重庆雪瑞盛泉农业开发有限公司 | Method for planting white radish |
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CN105248110A (en) * | 2015-11-03 | 2016-01-20 | 界首市联发种植专业合作社 | Method for cultivating high-yield white radish |
CN105612992A (en) * | 2015-12-29 | 2016-06-01 | 赵胜体 | Radish planting method |
CN106256185A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-28 | 宿州市埇桥区九里梦种植专业合作社 | A kind of implantation methods preventing and treating fruit Radix Raphani black rot |
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