CN103650857A - Papaya seedling-raising and cultivating method - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is a papaya seedling-raising and cultivating method. The papaya seedling-raising and cultivating method includes the steps of mother plant selection and collection, seedling growing, garden building and field planting, management after field planting, and pest control and prevention. According to the method, oblong bisexual flower plants and female plants, which have excellent characters, regular fruit shape, uniform size, high stress resistance, robustness of growth, dense internodes and can bear fruits continuously are selected as mother plants; for seedling growing, sandy land which is a little higher in terrain with good light and convenient for drainage irrigation is selected for seedling growing.

Description

A kind of papaya papaw is grown seedlings and cultivation method

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of growing seedlings and cultivation method, particularly a kind of papaya papaw is grown seedlings and cultivation method.

Background technology

Papaya papaw originates in South America, and the torrid zone all over the world that distributes, area, subtropics are called together the torrid zone three large draft fruit trees with banana, pineapple.Papaya papaw except can do vegetables edible, also can pickle, preserved fruit, and be the feed of chicken, duck, goose happiness food.Extensively plant the Around the house in Southern Rural Area.In recent years, people are increasing to the demand of papaya papaw, plant the good in economic efficiency of papaya papaw, and cultivated area is also progressively expanding, and in production, the utmost point needs the papaya papaw seedling of high yield and high quality.

Summary of the invention

Papaya papaw is grown seedlings and a culture technique method, comprises the following steps:

Maternal plant is selected and collects seed: the kind of selecting to have merit, require fruit shape to rectify, size is even, strong stress resistance, robust growth, internode is closeer, and the strain of Long Circle hermaphrodite flower and the female plant of result, select the fruit of maturation in October to collect seed continuously, fruit is now by blooming for 5-June, to bear fruit to grow to form, its pollen is mainly from Long Circle hermaphrodite flower and gynetype hermaphrodite flower, and formed seed can guarantee high yield, stable yields, and quality is also best;

Grow seedlings: nursery is selected: selection physical features is slightly high, illumination good, draining is irrigated sandy loam plot easily and grown seedlings.Select new soil or grow seedlings away from the place in old papaya papaw garden, and the certain distance of attention and melon patch cucurbitaceous interval; Seed treatment before sowing: open seed packet, seed is shone two days in the sun, with 500 times of liquid disinfectants of 70 % thiophanate methyl wetting powder, process 15 minutes, clear water rinsing is totally placed in the saleratus solution of 1 % and soaks seed 5.5 hours, rinsing is clean, moisturizing vernalization, 5 % left and right show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and wait to sow; Sowing: smooth nursery, open bar ditch, by installing native nutrition cup, be " one " font and put in ditch, earthing is to nutrition cup face, put width and be no more than 1 meter, length is determined according to taken shed, sowing is watered permeable the previous day to Nutrition Soil, the cup of drenching again before sowing is native, covers the pure lateritic red loam soil in mountain region of 2～3 cm thicks in cup, broadcasts 2～3 seeds for every glass, after planting cover again 1 layer of lateritic red loam soil, the water of after planting drenching, and put up little shed and add a cover film cold-proof heat insulation, temperature of shed controlled at 30～35 ℃; Seedling management: temperature in the shed is the highest can not surpass 35 ℃, uncover terminal membrane in good time, ventilates " hardening ", cultivates short strong sprout, avoids " overgrowing ".Moisture is to keep the native entire body of bag moistening, and table soil is shown in dry watering for 2 one 3 days as principle, and organic fertilizer is advocated in fertilising, and seedling stage, 4-5 true leaves can start thin organic liquid dung of executing without chemical fertilizer, and interval 10-15 days, can thinly execute once subsequently, goes out garden and does not apply fertilizer in first 20 days;

Build garden and field planting: plant and dig planting pit by the previous moon, often spread manuer in holes the decomposed manure of 50 kilograms, 0.5 kilogram of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphorus as base manure, at the end of 2 months next year to the field planting of transplanting seedlings at the beginning of 3 months, planting system adopts the narrow distance of wide row, 2.5 meters * 1.5 meters of distances between rows and hills, plant 150～170 strains for every mu; Except autumn sowing spring planting, still there is spring sowing summer plantinge, the last ten-days period in February to March, sow, field planting in the middle of the month in the last ten-days period to 5 in April, papaya papaw is taked 1 year tillage and cultivation mode processed, and the best field planting time is the last ten-days period in February, plants the previous day water and irrigates planting pit, while divesting nutrition cup, do not hinder root, soil layer lid is with a little more than collar as far as possible;

Plant rear management: rich water quality management: after field planting, 10～15 days new roots grow, and start the thin growth-promoting fertilizer of executing, later every fertilising in 10～15 days 1 time, take quick-acting fertilizer as main, fertilizer placement is in tree crown outer rim, beyond drip, tree body slowly grow up after fertilizing amount to increase gradually; Intertill and clean tillage ridging: field planting survives in latter 2 months intertill and clean tillage 1 time, year weeding 4～5 times, papaya papaw belongs to shallow root crop, at set intervals, suitably earth up, and to eliminate crab rooting phenomenon, compensation soil erosion, increase soil; Flower and fruit thinning: each axil only stays 1～2 fruit, female strain fruit-setting rate is high, every layer is stayed 3～4 fruits, to pollinating, incomplete fruit first removes, remove malformed fruit, fruitlet and unnecessary fruit, stay in the same size, be evenly distributed, well-grown strong fruit, the fruit number that every strain is stayed is at least suitable with the number of blade;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: strengthen cultivation management, take farming processed in a year, from plant to the phase of yielding positive results, excavate in time diseased plant, and with quicklime or other bactericide to excavating instrument and plant and disinfecting soil, elimination pathogeny, suitably isolates.

Embodiment

Papaya papaw is grown seedlings and a culture technique method, comprises the following steps:

Maternal plant is selected and collects seed: the kind of selecting to have merit, require fruit shape to rectify, size is even, strong stress resistance, robust growth, internode is closeer, and the strain of Long Circle hermaphrodite flower and the female plant of result, select the fruit of maturation in October to collect seed continuously, fruit is now by blooming for 5-June, to bear fruit to grow to form, its pollen is mainly from Long Circle hermaphrodite flower and gynetype hermaphrodite flower, and formed seed can guarantee high yield, stable yields, and quality is also best;

Grow seedlings: nursery is selected: selection physical features is slightly high, illumination good, draining is irrigated sandy loam plot easily and grown seedlings.Select new soil or grow seedlings away from the place in old papaya papaw garden, and the certain distance of attention and melon patch cucurbitaceous interval; Seed treatment before sowing: open seed packet, seed is shone two days in the sun, with 500 times of liquid disinfectants of 70 % thiophanate methyl wetting powder, process 15 minutes, clear water rinsing is totally placed in the saleratus solution of 1 % and soaks seed 5.5 hours, rinsing is clean, moisturizing vernalization, 5 % left and right show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and wait to sow;

Sowing: smooth nursery, open bar ditch, by installing native nutrition cup, be " one " font and put in ditch, earthing is to nutrition cup face, put width and be no more than 1 meter, length is determined according to taken shed, sowing is watered permeable the previous day to Nutrition Soil, the cup of drenching again before sowing is native, covers the pure lateritic red loam soil in mountain region of 2～3 cm thicks in cup, broadcasts 2～3 seeds for every glass, after planting cover again 1 layer of lateritic red loam soil, the water of after planting drenching, and put up little shed and add a cover film cold-proof heat insulation, temperature of shed controlled at 30～35 ℃; Seedling management: temperature in the shed is the highest can not surpass 35 ℃, uncover terminal membrane in good time, ventilates " hardening ", cultivates short strong sprout, avoids " overgrowing ".Moisture is to keep the native entire body of bag moistening, and table soil is shown in dry watering for 2 one 3 days as principle, and organic fertilizer is advocated in fertilising, and seedling stage, 4-5 true leaves can start thin organic liquid dung of executing without chemical fertilizer, and interval 10-15 days, can thinly execute once subsequently, goes out garden and does not apply fertilizer in first 20 days;

Build garden and field planting: plant and dig planting pit by the previous moon, often spread manuer in holes the decomposed manure of 50 kilograms, 0.5 kilogram of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphorus as base manure, at the end of 2 months next year to the field planting of transplanting seedlings at the beginning of 3 months, planting system adopts the narrow distance of wide row, 2.5 meters * 1.5 meters of distances between rows and hills, plant 150～170 strains for every mu; Except autumn sowing spring planting, still there is spring sowing summer plantinge, the last ten-days period in February to March, sow, field planting in the middle of the month in the last ten-days period to 5 in April, papaya papaw is taked 1 year tillage and cultivation mode processed, and the best field planting time is the last ten-days period in February, plants the previous day water and irrigates planting pit, while divesting nutrition cup, do not hinder root, soil layer lid is with a little more than collar as far as possible;

After field planting, manage: rich water quality management: after field planting, 10～15 days new roots grow, and start the thin growth-promoting fertilizer of executing, later every fertilising in 10～15 days 1 time, take quick-acting fertilizer as main, fertilizer placement is in tree crown outer rim, beyond drip, tree body slowly grow up after fertilizing amount to increase gradually; Intertill and clean tillage ridging: field planting survives in latter 2 months intertill and clean tillage 1 time, year weeding 4～5 times, papaya papaw belongs to shallow root crop, at set intervals, suitably earth up, and to eliminate crab rooting phenomenon, compensation soil erosion, increase soil; Flower and fruit thinning: each axil only stays 1～2 fruit, female strain fruit-setting rate is high, every layer is stayed 3～4 fruits, to pollinating, incomplete fruit first removes, remove malformed fruit, fruitlet and unnecessary fruit, stay in the same size, be evenly distributed, well-grown strong fruit, the fruit number that every strain is stayed is at least suitable with the number of blade;

Pest control: strengthen cultivation management, take farming processed in a year, from plant to the phase of yielding positive results, excavate in time diseased plant, and with quicklime or other bactericide to excavating instrument and plant and disinfecting soil, elimination pathogeny, suitably isolates.

Claims (1)

1. papaya papaw is grown seedlings and a cultivation method, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:

Maternal plant is selected and collects seed: the kind of selecting to have merit, require fruit shape to rectify, size is even, strong stress resistance, robust growth, internode is closeer, and the strain of Long Circle hermaphrodite flower and the female plant of result, select the fruit of maturation in October to collect seed continuously, fruit is now by blooming for 5-June, to bear fruit to grow to form, its pollen is mainly from Long Circle hermaphrodite flower and gynetype hermaphrodite flower, and formed seed can guarantee high yield, stable yields, and quality is also best;

Grow seedlings: nursery is selected: select that physical features is slightly high, illumination good, draining is irrigated sandy loam plot easily and grown seedlings, select new soil or grow seedlings away from the place in old papaya papaw garden, and the certain distance of attention and melon patch cucurbitaceous interval; Seed treatment before sowing: open seed packet, seed is shone two days in the sun, with 500 times of liquid disinfectants of 70 % thiophanate methyl wetting powder, process 15 minutes, clear water rinsing is totally placed in the saleratus solution of 1 % and soaks seed 5.5 hours, rinsing is clean, moisturizing vernalization, 5 % left and right show money or valuables one carries unintentionally and wait to sow; Sowing: smooth nursery, open bar ditch, by installing native nutrition cup, be " one " font and put in ditch, earthing is to nutrition cup face, put width and be no more than 1 meter, length is determined according to taken shed, sowing is watered permeable the previous day to Nutrition Soil, the cup of drenching again before sowing is native, covers the pure lateritic red loam soil in mountain region of 2～3 cm thicks in cup, broadcasts 2～3 seeds for every glass, after planting cover again 1 layer of lateritic red loam soil, the water of after planting drenching, and put up little shed and add a cover film cold-proof heat insulation, temperature of shed controlled at 30～35 ℃; Seedling management: temperature in the shed is the highest can not surpass 35 ℃, uncover terminal membrane in good time, ventilates " hardening ", cultivate short strong sprout, avoid " overgrowing ", moisture is to keep the native entire body of bag moistening, and table soil is shown in dry watering for 2 one 3 days as principle, organic fertilizer is advocated in fertilising, seedling stage, 4-5 true leaves can start thin organic liquid dung of executing, subsequently interval 10-15 days without chemical fertilizer, can thinly execute once, go out garden and do not apply fertilizer in first 20 days;

Build garden and field planting: plant and dig planting pit by the previous moon, often spread manuer in holes the decomposed manure of 50 kilograms, 0.5 kilogram of superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphorus as base manure, at the end of 2 months next year to the field planting of transplanting seedlings at the beginning of 3 months, planting system adopts the narrow distance of wide row, 2.5 meters * 1.5 meters of distances between rows and hills, plant 150～170 strains for every mu; Except autumn sowing spring planting, still there is spring sowing summer plantinge, the last ten-days period in February to March, sow, field planting in the middle of the month in the last ten-days period to 5 in April, papaya papaw is taked 1 year tillage and cultivation mode processed, and the best field planting time is the last ten-days period in February, plants the previous day water and irrigates planting pit, while divesting nutrition cup, do not hinder root, soil layer lid is with a little more than collar as far as possible;

After field planting, manage: rich water quality management: after field planting, 10～15 days new roots grow, and start the thin growth-promoting fertilizer of executing, later every fertilising in 10～15 days 1 time, take quick-acting fertilizer as main, fertilizer placement is in tree crown outer rim, beyond drip, tree body slowly grow up after fertilizing amount to increase gradually; Intertill and clean tillage ridging: field planting survives in latter 2 months intertill and clean tillage 1 time, year weeding 4～5 times, papaya papaw belongs to shallow root crop, at set intervals, suitably earth up, and to eliminate crab rooting phenomenon, compensation soil erosion, increase soil; Flower and fruit thinning: each axil only stays 1～2 fruit, female strain fruit-setting rate is high, every layer is stayed 3～4 fruits, to pollinating, incomplete fruit first removes, remove malformed fruit, fruitlet and unnecessary fruit, stay in the same size, be evenly distributed, well-grown strong fruit, the fruit number that every strain is stayed is at least suitable with the number of blade;

The extermination of disease and insect pest: strengthen cultivation management, take farming processed in a year, from plant to the phase of yielding positive results, excavate in time diseased plant, and with quicklime or other bactericide to excavating instrument and plant and disinfecting soil, elimination pathogeny, suitably isolates.