CN102246676A - Crushing and ridging culture method of rice - Google Patents
Crushing and ridging culture method of rice Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a crushing and ridging culture method of rice. The method comprises the following steps that: a spiral bit machine is adopted to vertically mill the soil in a rotary manner to naturally form beds and ridges, the rotary milling depth in the soil is 20-30cm, the spiral bit machine is ensured to rotate till the raw soil layer and crush the soil into fine powder and ridge the soil, the crushed soil naturally floats upwards about 5-10cm, the soil is deeply loosened and the soil layer is not disturbed, the bed width ranges from 60cm to 300cm depending on the number of the crushing and ridging mechanical bit devices, irrigation and drainage ditches are formed between the beds, the no-tillage depth of the ditch bottoms is 20-30cm and the ditch width is 15-25cm; then directly seeding or seedling throwing or seedling transplanting after water return is carried out on the crushed and ridged fields; and the field moisture alternates between wetting and drying. The method has the following advantages: the traditional mode of directly seeding dry rice after harrowing the whole field with ploughs and transplanting (throwing) seedlings of rice after harrowing the field with ploughs is changed; the soil is fine and loose, has deeper active layer, stores and retains water, has sufficient oxygen, is beneficial to quick rooting and more roots, improves the drought, insect pest and lodging resistance, uses water to regulate atmosphere, fertilizers and growth, can meet the requirements of high yield, growth and development of rice for water, atmosphere and nutrients and improves the yield and quality of rice.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the tillage and cultivation method of crops, is the tillage and cultivation method of a kind of paddy rice specifically.
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of most important cereal crops of people, for thousands of years, human plantation to paddy rice has had the ripe methods of cultivation of a cover, from whole ground, seed selection, grow seedlings, rice transplanting, intertill and clean tillage, the harvesting of applying fertilizer, theory and practice all has a lot of experiences to use for reference, as if no longer include necessity of research, ancient books literature record from the successive dynasties, people have been familiar with the wet rice cultivation method very early has very important must a relation to the good quality and high output of its growth, for example the Dai Tianfa that comes into one's own mid-term of the Western Han Dynastry and Qu Tianfa adapt to the soil one crop system and the cropping pattern that produces, recovery for the ease of soil fertility, change the original casual system of removing for field system, play the ridge culture ditch between fields in the farmland, making the ditch of species under the ridge is in the ditch between fields, ridge ditch between fields reciprocity in 1 year, soil fertility obtain local rest and reorganization.Open premodern agriculture textbook and agriculture periodical, we also know present wet rice cultivation method deep ploughing, shallow plowing, the method that no-tillage and several farming combine, traditional rice transplantation by hand also becomes rice transplanting gradually, live, before modern mechanical dissolves now, owing to be limited to the tool of production, peasants use hoe, shovel, plough, rake, farming is a kind of effort and arduous work, therefore shallow plowing and no-tillage be main means, its shortcoming performance has the following aspects: 1, with manpower or animal power farming, general tilling depth has only 10 to 15 centimetres, continue to use manpower or animal power ploughs throughout the year, between plow layer and real soil layer, just formed the about tillage pan that hardens more than 5 centimetres of one deck, made the root growth of crop be subjected to certain restriction.The permeability of soil is bad, is unfavorable for the growth of crop root, the following bundle; 2, irrigation of paddy fields mostly is flood irrigation, string is irritated, and fertilizer efficiency runs off easily and volatilizees; 3, soil is shallow, and water retention property is relatively poor, and the surface runoff loss of water is big, and efficiency of water application is not high; 4, because soil is shallow, and dry field hardens easily, and permeability is poor, the difficult growth of rice root and causing yields poorly, poor quality, and farmers' income just reduces.Though in recent years, artificial farming such as hoe, shovel, plough, rake has become tractor or other farm machinery farming gradually, plough deeply and also be increased to 20 centimetres by 10 to 15 centimetres, but deep ploughing only only limits to mellow soil layer, multi-purpose plough is smashed earth after turning over, if earth viscosity is difficult to more greatly smash; In addition, even ridging also is simple furrow,, can not satisfy the demand of rice root so that technology is ploughed deeply in present soil is unfavorable to the growth of paddy rice.
From as seen above-mentioned, suitably deep ploughing is paddy rice and other crops tillage and cultivation method innovation and the important measures that help crop yield, but, it is dark loose how to deep plough, a lot of agricultural experts are also studying, and also do not form unified standard, therefore on the basis by practice and further investigation, find a kind of dark loose technology of deep ploughing according to Different Crop, will bring a bigger promotion agricultural from now on.
The inventor carried out some researchs to the dark pine of the deep ploughing of proportion of crop planting, for example applied in 2009 " method for planting dryland crops by crashing soil ", application number: 2010010125942.4 Chinese patent, summary, the tillage and cultivation method of this dry land crop adopts rotary tillage screw type mechanical deep pine ditch, silt, plow layer and tillage pan is loosened the soil pulverize and the soil moved in to improve the original come-up of part tillage pan becomes the ridge naturally with the soil mixing of plow layer, after machine ditch silt becomes the ridge, can sow or plant.Can adopt different line-spacing and ditch depth specification according to the decision of Different Crop plantation demand.Adopt this inventive method, the soil cultivation holostrome is rarefaction, and played the soil moved in to improve the original effect of improving the soil in the zanjon rotary tillage, the preserve moisture and fertility ability and the permeability of soil have been improved, help the dark utilization of pricking liquid manure of crop root, disease is relative with weeds to be reduced, and crop yield increases substantially, generally can increase production more than 20%, high reaches more than 100%.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide the dark pine of a kind of paddy rice deep ploughing and the tillage and cultivation method of random soil layer not, can overcome existing shallow plowing process to cause land quality to degenerate day by day, soil compaction is serious, and the problem that permeability descends improves the output of paddy rice.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that
Paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method comprises whole ground, chooses seeds, grows seedlings, rice transplanting, intertill and clean tillage, fertilising and harvesting, and it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) ridging (railway carriage or compartment) is on paddy field, when paddy soil humidity is low, adopt the tractor interlock augers machinery vertical turnery soil natural that buries to become railway carriage or compartment Cheng Long, 20-30 centimetre of the turnery degree of depth of burying guarantees to be screwed into raw soil layer, and makes soil powder ridge in small, broken bits, hack floats about 5-10 centimetre naturally, dark pine and not random soil layer, the railway carriage or compartment face width is looked powder ridge mechanical drill device can divide 60-300 centimetre, between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment the row's of filling ditch, the no-tillage 20-30 of bottom of trench centimetre, become 15-25 centimetre of furrow width.
(2) after sowing, silt become the ridge to become the railway carriage or compartment, treat directly to sow after the paddy rice vernalization; Perhaps wait for the soil natural of pouring water molten mashed after, carry out rice transplanting or rice transplanting.
(3) water management, the solid root of shallow water is adopted in the management of turning green behind rice transplanting or rice transplanting, and very seedling is turned green; Tillering early stage, shallow wet short root, low water level is tillered; Tillering the Sheng phase, suitable deep water, ditch-water is supported root, makes every effort to promote the seedling number; Tillering the later stage, control seedling control tiller reveals the ditch depth root, and dry field is strengthened bar; Before fast heading, backwater is moistening, strong stalk nourishing the fetus; When heading is solid, moistening guarantor's root, Wang Genbaoye.
The cultivation of paddy rice powder of the present invention ridge, most importantly ground is put in order on the powder ridge, and ditch is established between (railway carriage or compartment) in the ridge, and the furrow irrigation regulating the qi flowing in the channels is transferred fertile; Next is a field moisture, notes alternation of wetting and drying.It is well developed root systems that maximum characteristics are cultivated on paddy rice powder ridge, will embody with the root in management is this theory, the cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge half direct-sowing dry, seeding stage adopts non-irrigated seedling management method, tillering stage and middle and later periods employing are poured water or are utilized natural rainfall, carry out the alternation of wetting and drying management; Paddy rice powder ridge throwing-seedling cultivation, paddy rice powder ridge rice transplanting cultivation, cultivate early stage on the basis of strong seedling, behind slotting (throwing) seedling, shallow water is tillered, and employing is after this poured water or is utilized natural rainfall, carries out the alternation of wetting and drying management.
(4) fertilizing management, the cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge has the feature of the light seedling of repeated root in early stage, can use base manure in conjunction with the powder ridge wholely, spreads fertilizer over the fields base manure and by the turnery drill bit fertilizer is incorporated in the soil on the face of field, utilizes in order to plant growth is omnidistance, looks seedling during the paddy growth and topdresses; If basal dressing does not note suitably enriching early stage fertilizer in paddy rice plantation back; Middle and later periods suitably topdresses according to seedlings of cereal crops growing way and carries out the prevention and control of disease worm.
(5) weeding management, since the dark pine of paddy rice powder ridge deep ploughing, part raw soil layer turnery come-up, and weeds are less relatively, after planting the herbicide spraying management of weeds.
(6) other field management.On plantation normalization, standardized basis, can carry out Routine Management by different rice varieties growth and development characteristicses, as early rice, late rice, conventional rice, hybrid rice etc., other field management is all identical.But ditch is established on cultivation ridge, powder of the present invention ridge (railway carriage or compartment), with ditch water transfer regulating the qi flowing in the channels, and ridge face rational close planting, management is relatively easy.
(7) crop rotation, the soil of paddy rice powder of the present invention ridge cultivation, the dark loose degree of deep ploughing is better, but the zero tillage paddy rice is done in the back, but also crop rotation corn, peanut, fruit sugarcane, soybean or other economic crops.
(8) use, the cultivation of paddy rice powder of the present invention ridge can be applied to paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct sowing culture, semiarid land direct sowing culture, backwater weak soil throwing-seedling cultivation or rice transplanting cultivation, and northern south can adapt to.
Adopted paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method of the present invention that following outstanding substantive distinguishing features and obvious improvement are arranged:
1, plant upland rice in the past, employing be whole ground of plow harrow or plow harrow field, soil layer is shallow relatively, causes soil compaction easily, permeability is poor, and the shallow easy lodging of root system, can not satisfy the rice high yield demand.After adopting the present invention, deep plough loose deeply and not random soil layer, soil thickness is many at 20-25 centimetre, thicken about 8 centimetres than routine, because soil plough horizon deepens to have increased active soil stratum, and be rarefaction, improved the permeability of soil, strengthen Tibetan water water retention capacity, alleviated the surface runoff loss of water, thereby improved efficiency of water application, and improved the growth conditions of root system, help pricking under the root system and absorbing deep soil moisture and nutrient, help the growth of rice root, bundle and the raising of root system vigor down, root system is many and bright white.
2, paddy rice powder ridge cultivation, ridge (railway carriage or compartment) is no-tillage alternate with pavement (irrigation and drainage ditch), after solarization is revealed in the rice field, the field face does not generally ftracture, and soil is spongy, and preserve moisture and fertility performance spy is good, help paddy fields soil moisture and keep, help ventilatedly again, also can increase limit row advantage.
3, the oxygenation gain of heat because the present invention economizes on water, foster root mulch, plant strain growth is relatively coordinated, blade thickness and straight and upright, the stem strain is sturdy and hale and hearty, and the leaf look dark green and glossy, and growth fraction is more sane, life is broken out not, and (plant of conventional cultivation is then soft relatively for fertilizer deficiency, blade falls in masses, and leaf look removing jaundice has presented the fertilizer deficiency phenomenon).
4, the inventive method with the farming difference of traditional paddy rice is: the vertical turnery of mechanization is deep ploughed loose deeply and not random soil layer, and the silt ridging is that location, field, fixed point are carried out, and arable land, field tillage operation face reduces relatively; Dry ground powder ridge does not need to harrow a field, behind the backwater natural weak soil can throw, rice transplanting; It is spongy that paddy soil is, and penetrating gas is good, and the preserve moisture and fertility ability is strong.
5, base manure can spread fertilizer over the fields in paddy fields before whole ground, powder ridge, and fertilizer can mix with soil and deposit the utilization rate of fertilizer height; The general degree of depth in whole ground, powder ridge is about 25 centimetres, but a spot of tillage pan soil of turnery plays the effect of improving the soil of certain soil moved in to improve the original, minimizing weeds and disease;
6, adopt the tractor interlock vertical spin drill bit machinery turnery soil that buries, can not use farm machinery such as independent plough, rake, rotovator, the agricultural machinery tillage operation of easy realization standard, reduce Work machine kind and certain energy consumption, can reduce artificial, enhance productivity and benefit, and make things convenient for the organizational standard equalization, it is more light to contract grower's work.
7, paddy rice powder ridge cultivation makes agricultural tillage be standardized into and is possible.The powder ridge become the ridge become the railway carriage or compartment can normalization, standardized work and plantation, standardized production will play good impetus to agricultural after setting up.
The dark pine of above-described paddy rice deep ploughing and the tillage and cultivation method of random soil layer not, topmost employing vertical spin turnery drill bit machinery carries out whole ground, powder ridge, carry out dry ground powder ridge, a small amount of immature soil can be routed up ground in the time of silt, mix with mellow soil, so require the vertical spin turnery drill bit machinery of employing, this machinery also has the rotary cultivator attachment of certain angle, ditch is established between (railway carriage or compartment) in the ridge on powder ridge, and the furrow irrigation regulating the qi flowing in the channels is transferred fertile; Next is a field moisture, notes alternation of wetting and drying.It is well developed root systems that maximum characteristics are cultivated on paddy rice powder ridge, will embody with the root in management is this theory, the cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge half direct-sowing dry, seeding stage adopts non-irrigated seedling management method, tillering stage and middle and later periods employing are poured water or are utilized natural rainfall, carry out the alternation of wetting and drying management; Paddy rice powder ridge throwing-seedling cultivation, paddy rice powder ridge rice transplanting cultivation, cultivate early stage on the basis of strong seedling, behind slotting (throwing) seedling, shallow water is tillered, and employing is after this poured water or is utilized natural rainfall, carries out the alternation of wetting and drying management.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 be paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method of the present invention sowing in the time of 14 days with the seedlings of cereal crops root system comparison diagram of identical region conventional cultivation method;
Fig. 2 be paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method of the present invention rice transplanting after 26 days with the seedlings of cereal crops root system comparison diagram of identical region conventional cultivation method;
Fig. 3 be paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method of the present invention rice transplanting after 26 days with the seedlings of cereal crops comparison diagram of identical region conventional cultivation method.
The paddy rice powder ridge cultivation of Fig. 3, the cultivation of inventor's called after super hybridization rice powder ridge.
Embodiment
The inventor Guangxi Wei Benhui researcher of economic crops research institute of Academy of Agricultural Sciences, according to the technology of the present invention demand, adopt powder ridge rotary tillage machinery, (paddy rice rotary tillage screw type machinery provides in " rotatably processing deep ploughing powder ridge multi-functional mechanical " patent of inventor's application in 2010, application number: 201010270614.3 applyings date: 2010.09.03 open (bulletin) number: CN101971723A open (bulletin) day: 2011.02.16, application (patent right) people: Wei Benhui, address: No. 174 Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Nanning City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region university East Road, just: paddy rice rotary tillage screw type machinery has hack mechanism and defeated native mechanism, its effect is with the following certain depth in the face of land, the soil layer fragmentation of certain section configuration is beneficial to the soil bits of defeated native mechanism after with fragmentation and is delivered to the face of land; The effect of defeated native mechanism is that the soil bits of fragmentation are loose.) carry out field trial and research and obtain corresponding test data.
Embodiment 1
On August 6th, 2010, the inventor is in Wuming County Ningwu, Guangxi town, utilizing whole ground, vertical spin turnery drill bit machinery powder ridge and tractor rotary tillage soil-working (contrast), test sowing on August 6, kind is No. 3, osmanthus drought, investigation on August 20, the result shows that the paddy rice plant height of powder ridge plantation increases by 0.3%, root is long to increase by 61.77%, and the number of blade increases by 3.93%.This test shows, the paddy rice of powder ridge cultivation, and root system is flourishing especially, and fibrous root is many, robust plant, upright blade (see figure 1).
Embodiment 2
Before and after on April 10th, 2011, the inventor transplants super hybridization rice in test rice field, Xin Cang village, new bridge town, the continuous district of Yulin City of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous good fortune, and kind is Y two excellent No. 1.May 9, we invite several experts of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences to go to investigation, see that at powder ridge piece kind super hybridization rice, growing way obviously is better than the field piece on the common whole ground of tractor on directly perceived.The cultivation of super hybridization rice powder ridge is thrown 26 days mu tillered nursery plants of (inserting) seedling number and is just reached about 360,000, and root system 2 as shown in Figure 2.The expert thinks that the cultivation performance of super hybridization rice powder ridge has several characteristics: 1, root system continues to keep prosperous length and Bai Genduo.2, after solarization was revealed in the rice field, plow layer chesson thickness was many at 20-25 centimetre, thickens about 8 centimetres than routine; The field face does not ftracture, and soil is spongy, and preserve moisture and fertility performance spy is good.3, plant strain growth is relatively coordinated, and blade thickness is and straight and upright, and the stem strain is sturdy and hale and hearty, and the leaf look dark green and glossy.4, plant strain growth is more sane, the life not fertilizer deficiency (plant of conventional cultivation is then soft relatively, and blade falls in masses, and leaf look removing jaundice has presented the fertilizer deficiency phenomenon) of breaking out.
Embodiment 3
On May 4th, 2011, the inventor is still in super hybridization rice experiment and demonstration base, the continuous district of Yulin City good fortune, (with the piece next door, field of embodiment 1) adopts the augers machinery vertical turnery soil natural that buries to become railway carriage or compartment Cheng Long, about 25 centimetres of the turnery degree of depth of burying, assurance is screwed into raw soil layer, and make soil powder ridge in small, broken bits, dark pine and not random soil layer, hack floats about 5-7 centimetre naturally, the railway carriage or compartment face width is looked powder ridge mechanical drill device and how much is divided into 60-300 centimetre, between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment irritate row's ditch, the no-tillage 20-30 of bottom of trench centimetre, become 15-25 centimetre of furrow width, direct sowing culture fertilising on the face of railway carriage or compartment and with native mixing after directly broadcast sowing rudiment seed rice, allow earth covering seed rice with the moving table of the slight brush of thin bamboo rake soil, the preceding certain humidity of soil conservation of emerging, the back man-made irrigation or utilize natural rainfall of emerging notes using weed killer herbicide; The direct backwater of inserting the cultivation of (throwings) seedling soaks that 2-3 days soil naturals are molten inserts (throwings) seedling after mashed, early stage shallow irrigation, the middle and later periods alternation of wetting and drying is managed and is also suitably topdressed and sick worm prevention and control.Find that under observation in one week of open field, the super hybridization rice of powder ridge cultivation is tillered vigorous, grow fine, powder ridge rice transplanting 30 days, the tillered nursery plant number has reached 36-37 ten thousand seedlings for every mu.Under tiller number situation up to standard substantially, still continue to tiller, for the control seedling has proposed new problem.For this reason, through having carried out crime scene discussion, determine to take by measures such as draining, control fertilizer to realize effectively controlling seedling with the expert who together observes.
Embodiment 4
Test site, Beiliu City, Guangxi, in February, 2011 the powder ridge, March 6 sowing, 12-13 day in April transplants, kind is Y two excellent No. 1.Dark loose 20-30 centimetre, the row's of filling ditch is set between railway carriage or compartment (ridge), according to the cultivation strategy of " oxygenation of breathing freely is conducted heat with gas; foster root mulch, realizes increasing " source " expansion " storehouse ", strong bar volume increase for dried powder ridge, field; dark pine lives native (fit and protect tillage pan), and ditch is established in the branch railway carriage or compartment, water saving furrow irrigation; alternation of wetting and drying " and the cultivation theory of " give prominence to the root is this; educate root and support the root mulch; strong root is strengthened body, promotes production with root ", implement.Transplant after 30 days, find that powder ridge cultivation well developed root system and powder ridge soil still keep graininess after soaked, do not harden.The plant strain growth situation as shown in Figure 3.
The inventor draws following cognition through the experiment of two paddy rice powder ridge cultivations in season:
The slurry rake back rice seedling transplanting and throwing that will pass through plough, harrows or turn over of traditional water rice culture is planted, the paddy rice of powder ridge cultivation, then adopt disposable vertical turnery to pulverize, dark pine and not random soil layer, topsoil thickens with soil structure and improves, and water saving economizes fertile, the breeding good method, to educate the strong root of root serves as basic, can realize minimal tilling abridged edition, energy-conservation, the normal purpose of producing of breakthrough of saving of labor.
By test and perfect, reform existing traditional water rice culture pattern, make the cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge drive the transformation and the optimization of rice field tillage method, cropping system, thicken paddy field plow layer, reduce the mechanical work number of times and realize energy-saving and emission-reduction, necessary water saving is irrigated and efficiency cultivation technology for high, improve paddy field water either resource and utilization rate of fertilizer, improve the planting benefit of rice field integrated production capacity and crop thereof, shift and ensure grain security, explore crop yield new approach such as paddy rice for adapting to China rural laborer.
The direction of exploring: the one, by the cultivation of powder ridge, thicken paddy field plow layer and improve ecological environment of soil, for paddy rice and other plant growths provide new good soil condition, realize the fertile abridged edition high yield of water saving joint.The 2nd, by powder ridge cultivation, can try early crops such as season powder ridge cultivation super hybridization rice+season in evening no-tillage cultivation paddy rice+autumn and winter cultivation no-tillage cultivation potato, rape; The no-tillage paddy rice of powder ridge plantation in winter potato+season morning no-tillage cultivation super hybridization rice+season in evening; Utilization season morning powder ridge cultivation super hybridization rice well developed root system and the stronger advantage of vigor, the development ratoon rice is results ahead of time, and then circulation tillage method such as development autumn and winter cultivation crop and reduce the mechanical work number of times, realize driving the optimization of multiple tillage method and cropping system and efficient with the cultivation of powder ridge.The 3rd, by the cultivation of super hybridization rice powder ridge, whole field, exploration powder ridge, fertilising, sowing, weeding are equal to machine integrated operation, realize increasing substantially of mechanization production efficiency, and the labor amount significantly reduces.
The inventor thinks that the cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge is different with planting dryland crops by crashing soil, is a kind of brand-new rice cultivating technique.Powder application ridge machine was disposable when it was meant the rice field dry ground pulverizes and suspends into naturally railway carriage or compartment (ridge) with the vertical turnery of topsoil, the row's of filling ditch is set between railway carriage or compartment (ridge), dark pine and not random soil layer are in the planting season of rice cultivation and keep powder ridge soil structure, the water saving oxygenation gain of heat, support the culture technique that root mulch etc. matches on the face of railway carriage or compartment (ridge).
The cultivation method that the inventor proposes has three kinds of paddy rice powder ridge planting patternss: under (1) wet condition, directly sow the powder ridge direct sowing culture of plantation on the face of railway carriage or compartment, powder ridge.(2) throwing-seedling cultivation behind rice field, the powder ridge backwater immersion weak soil; (3) rice transplanting was cultivated after rice field, powder ridge backwater soaked weak soil.
The basic principle of paddy rice powder ridge cultivation is: make full use of paddy field plow layer and with long-term deposition in lower part " decrepit and behind the times soil " and natural rainfall, realize dark pine (more than 20 centimetre) soil moved in to improve the original and not random soil layer, it is soft naturally and do not starch knot that backwater soaks the back, Zang Shui and do not influence ventilative (soil is spongy); Water saving furrow irrigation regulation and control realize the oxygenation gain of heat, improve water and fertilizer utilization, grow and have created the ecological environment of soil of " soil, water, fertilizer, gas, heat, bacterium etc. are completely newly coordinated " for satisfying super hybridization rice.
This technology, fundamentally solve and overcome the traditional cultivation paddy rice will through plough, harrow or the slurry rake of turning over could throw the soil layer shallow (mostly being 15 centimetres) that exists in the mode such as (inserting) seedling, fall to doing easily harden, flood irrigation string filling for a long time easily causes clay fertilizer water seriously to run off, the waterflooding anaerobism easily causes root system few and mostly be sepia and peculiar smell is arranged, the drawback that is difficult to increase production significantly more for a long time.
The cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge is different from the traditional water rice culture fully, and its basic principle is: outstanding is this with the root, educates root and supports the root mulch, and the strong stalk of strong root is promoted production with root.
The cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge has broken through traditional water rice culture pattern, and its elementary tactics is: do powder ridge, field, dark pine soil alive (the suitable tillage pan of protecting), ditch is established in the branch railway carriage or compartment, water saving furrow irrigation, alternation of wetting and drying, ventilative oxygenation, conduct heat with gas, support the root mulch, realize increasing " source " expansion " storehouse ", strong bar volume increase.
According to the foregoing description, the technical essential that the inventor sums up the cultivation of paddy rice powder ridge is:
1, whole field, powder ridge: ditch (waiting to plant) is established on dry ground powder ridge, branch railway carriage or compartment;
2, transplant cultivation: the backwater weak soil, shallow water is thrown (inserting) seedling; (direct sowing culture: moistening live, alternation of wetting and drying)
3, the management of turning green: the solid root of shallow water, very seedling is turned green;
4, tiller early stage: shallow wet short root, low position tiller;
5, tiller the Sheng phase: ditch-water is supported root, makes every effort to promote the seedling number;
6, control seedling control tiller: reveal the ditch depth root, make up colony;
7, the strong bar of dry field: hondo oxygenation, the strong bar of strong root;
8, strong stalk nourishing the fetus: backwater is moistening, the strong tire of the root of living;
9, heading is solid: moistening guarantor's root, Wang Genbaoye.
Claims (5)
1. paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method, it is characterized in that: concrete steps are as follows:
(1) ridging is on paddy field, when paddy soil humidity is low, adopt the augers machinery vertical turnery soil natural that buries to become railway carriage or compartment Cheng Long, 20-30 centimetre of the turnery degree of depth of burying guarantees to be screwed into raw soil layer, and makes soil powder ridge in small, broken bits, hack floats about 5-10 centimetre naturally, dark pine and not random soil layer, the railway carriage or compartment face width is looked powder ridge mechanical drill device and how much is divided into 60-300 centimetre, between railway carriage or compartment and railway carriage or compartment the row's of filling ditch, the no-tillage 20-30 of bottom of trench centimetre, become 15-25 centimetre of furrow width;
(2) after sowing, silt become the ridge to become the railway carriage or compartment, treat directly to sow after the paddy rice vernalization; Perhaps wait for the soil natural of pouring water molten mashed after, carry out rice transplanting or rice transplanting;
(3) moisture management, the solid root of shallow water is adopted in the management of turning green behind rice transplanting or rice transplanting, and very seedling is turned green; Tillering early stage, shallow wet short root, low water level is tillered; Tillering the Sheng phase, suitable deep water, ditch-water is supported root, makes every effort to promote the seedling number; Tillering the later stage, control seedling control tiller reveals the ditch depth root, and dry field is strengthened bar; Before fast heading, backwater is moistening, strong stalk nourishing the fetus; When heading is solid, moistening guarantor's root, Wang Genbaoye.
2. paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise fertilising and weeding: in conjunction with use base manure wholely, the middle and later periods suitably topdresses before paddy rice plantation back when the powder ridge; Artificial weeding or herbicide spraying management of weeds behind rice transplanting or the rice transplanting.
3. paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: furrow is wide slightly, ridge face rational close planting.
4. paddy rice powder ridge cultivating method according to claim 1 is characterized in that: also comprise: the soil of paddy rice powder ridge cultivation behind rice cultivation 1 year or several years, but zero tillage paddy rice, or crop rotation corn, fruit sugarcane, peanut, soybean or other economic crops.
5. the described paddy rice powder of claim 1 ridge cultivating method is in the application of paddy rice nonirrigated farmland direct sowing culture, semiarid land direct sowing culture, throwing-seedling cultivation or rice transplanting cultivation.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103404400A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-11-27 | 句容市苏苑稻米专业合作社 | Rice field composite ecological system |
| CN103609378A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-03-05 | 尹永华 | Rice ridge-type plant hole locating cultivation method |
| CN103704080A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-04-09 | 玉林市农业科学研究所 | High-yield rice cultivation technique |
| CN104115713A (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2014-10-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Rice ridge-pulverization ecological and efficient cultivation method |
| CN104255105A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Saline-alkali soil powder ridge light salt productive farming method |
| CN104255358A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Powder ridge early-tillering large-spike ultrahigh yield cultivation method for paddy rice |
| CN104521528A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-22 | 李阳铭 | Cultivation method for arid and semi-arid region |
| CN104550219A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for repairing contaminated soil through arranging powder ridge underdrain system |
| CN104604387A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-05-13 | 李阳铭 | Saline land improvement and high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104756731A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Rice powder ridge dry soil seedling arranging ecological cultivation method |
| CN104956881A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-07 | 唐宗明 | Planting method for crop rotation of cowpeas and paddies |
| CN105028074A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-11 | 山东省水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical dry direct sowing culture method for yellow river delta saline-alkali soil |
| CN106069017A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 山东省水稻研究所 | A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted |
| CN107188713A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | One planting sand base rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110881389A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge cultivation and planting method |
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| CN1413439A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2003-04-30 | 殷仕和 | High-ridge double-row cultivating method for yellow ginger |
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Cited By (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103704080A (en) * | 2012-09-29 | 2014-04-09 | 玉林市农业科学研究所 | High-yield rice cultivation technique |
| CN103609378A (en) * | 2013-05-29 | 2014-03-05 | 尹永华 | Rice ridge-type plant hole locating cultivation method |
| CN103404400A (en) * | 2013-06-28 | 2013-11-27 | 句容市苏苑稻米专业合作社 | Rice field composite ecological system |
| CN104115713A (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2014-10-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Rice ridge-pulverization ecological and efficient cultivation method |
| CN104115713B (en) * | 2014-06-28 | 2016-12-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Rice Powder ridge ecological efficient cultural method |
| CN104255105A (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Saline-alkali soil powder ridge light salt productive farming method |
| CN104255358A (en) * | 2014-10-10 | 2015-01-07 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Powder ridge early-tillering large-spike ultrahigh yield cultivation method for paddy rice |
| CN104550219A (en) * | 2014-12-31 | 2015-04-29 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Method for repairing contaminated soil through arranging powder ridge underdrain system |
| CN104604387A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-05-13 | 李阳铭 | Saline land improvement and high-yield cultivation method |
| CN104521528A (en) * | 2015-01-07 | 2015-04-22 | 李阳铭 | Cultivation method for arid and semi-arid region |
| CN104756731A (en) * | 2015-04-17 | 2015-07-08 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Rice powder ridge dry soil seedling arranging ecological cultivation method |
| CN104956881A (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2015-10-07 | 唐宗明 | Planting method for crop rotation of cowpeas and paddies |
| CN105028074A (en) * | 2015-07-03 | 2015-11-11 | 山东省水稻研究所 | Rice mechanical dry direct sowing culture method for yellow river delta saline-alkali soil |
| CN106069017A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 山东省水稻研究所 | A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted |
| CN106069017B (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2019-05-31 | 山东省水稻研究所 | A kind of prevention and control underground pest and disease damage improves the green alternating method that peanut yield is constituted |
| CN107188713A (en) * | 2017-06-28 | 2017-09-22 | 陕西地建土地工程技术研究院有限责任公司 | One planting sand base rice nursery substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN110881389A (en) * | 2019-12-30 | 2020-03-17 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | Drought-resistant sugarcane powder ridge cultivation and planting method |
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