CN104956881A - Planting method for crop rotation of cowpeas and paddies - Google Patents
Planting method for crop rotation of cowpeas and paddies Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956881A CN104956881A CN201510337227.XA CN201510337227A CN104956881A CN 104956881 A CN104956881 A CN 104956881A CN 201510337227 A CN201510337227 A CN 201510337227A CN 104956881 A CN104956881 A CN 104956881A
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- Prior art keywords
- cowpea
- fertilizer
- crop rotation
- days
- paddy rice
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- 235000010726 Vigna sinensis Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 152
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 73
- 238000003967 crop rotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 106
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K calcium;magnesium;phosphate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O KMQAPZBMEMMKSS-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 100
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- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 99
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 49
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- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims description 16
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 12
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000345998 Calamus manan Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 235000012950 rattan cane Nutrition 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000240103 southern pea Species 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- UFHLMYOGRXOCSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N isoprothiolane Chemical compound CC(C)OC(=O)C(C(=O)OC(C)C)=C1SCCS1 UFHLMYOGRXOCSL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- KZNDFYDURHAESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-n-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-n-(propan-2-yloxymethyl)acetamide Chemical compound CCC1=CC=CC(C)=C1N(COC(C)C)C(=O)CCl KZNDFYDURHAESM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000186361 Actinobacteria <class> Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005906 Imidacloprid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000235342 Saccharomycetes Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010002024 azotobacterin Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- HKPHPIREJKHECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N butachlor Chemical compound CCCCOCN(C(=O)CCl)C1=C(CC)C=CC=C1CC HKPHPIREJKHECO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;phosphoric acid Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)(O)=O.OP(O)(O)=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003749 cleanliness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N imidacloprid Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)\N=C1/NCCN1CC1=CC=C(Cl)N=C1 YWTYJOPNNQFBPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229940056881 imidacloprid Drugs 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002426 superphosphate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000007306 turnover Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004563 wettable powder Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 abstract description 15
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 5
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate) Chemical compound [Ca+2].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O YYRMJZQKEFZXMX-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 abstract 1
- 229910000389 calcium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000019691 monocalcium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009355 double cropping Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
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- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 4
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- 241001530056 Athelia rolfsii Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000589151 Azotobacter Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009335 monocropping Methods 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 2
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241001232787 Epiphragma Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000221785 Erysiphales Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001486250 Etiella zinckenella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001468872 Fumagospora capnodioides Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000594036 Liriomyza Species 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[K+] KWYUFKZDYYNOTN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 241000256626 Pterygota <winged insects> Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010039509 Scab Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000176086 Sogatella furcifera Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000013039 cover film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009605 growth rhythm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009421 internal insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003621 irrigation water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035800 maturation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009336 multiple cropping Methods 0.000 description 1
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940072033 potash Drugs 0.000 description 1
- BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium carbonate Substances [K+].[K+].[O-]C([O-])=O BWHMMNNQKKPAPP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 235000015320 potassium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F3/00—Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a planting method for crop rotation of cowpeas and paddies. Spring sowing cowpeas and summer seeding paddies are planted in a crop rotation mode, crop rotation is conducted once every year, moreover, fertilizer is applied rationally in the planting period of the cowpeas, and no fertilizer is applied in the planting period of the paddies. The method of rational application of fertilizer comprises the following steps that first, soil is prepared before the cowpeas are planted or cultivated, and 50 kg of calcium superphosphate or calcium magnesium phosphate is applied per 667 m<2> before the soil is prepared the last time; second, 4 kg of compound fertilizer is applied in furrows per 667 m<2> to be used as seed fertilizer after planting or cultivating is completed, and then earthing up and tamping are carried out; third, 30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 m<2> by combining intertillage weeding with earthing up after cold-proof cultivation and film uncovering of a small shed are completed; fourth, 30-50 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 m<2> when the cowpeas bloom and bear pods by 9-11 cm; afterwards, 30 kg of compound fertilizer is applied per 667 m<2> every other 10 days till the cowpeas are harvested, and the field for planting or cultivating the cowpeas is used as the local field for planting the paddies. By the adoption of the method, no fertilizer needs to be applied in the cultivating process of the paddies, economic benefits, social benefits and ecological benefits are huge, and the income can be increased obviously.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field.More particularly, the present invention relates to the implantation methods of a kind of cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation.
Background technology
Crop rotation is on same soil, and have a kind of planting patterns of crop that sequentially between season or between year, shifting cultivation is different or multiple cropping combination, rational crop rotation can improve soil, increase fertility of land, alleviate the harm of disease worm and weeds, ensure crop yield, increase economic efficiency.Cultivation cowpea fertilizing amount is large, leave multiple nutrient, and the long-term continuous cropping of cowpea can produce continuous cropping obstacle after results in field, and existing paddy rice rice field after maturation results is generally idle.Therefore, after cowpea results, rice cultivation can utilize the nutrient in field further, can realize the high yield of paddy rice, and plants cowpea after rice harves and can increase land utilization rate, and both can realize complementary preferably.
Summary of the invention
An object of the present invention is to provide the implantation methods of a kind of cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, it need not be able to apply fertilizer in rice cropping process, and sustainable production, economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits are huge, increase income significantly.
A further object of the invention is the implantation methods by a kind of cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, improves the efficiency of the utilization of light and temperature, to obtain better economic benefit.
A further object of the invention there is provided a kind of ferment making method utilizing cowpea plant to carry out humic fertilizer, and it can effectively utilize common cowpea root and cowpea rattan and other agricultural and domestic refuse to obtain the high and lasting humic fertilizer of fertilizer efficiency.
In order to realize according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, provide the implantation methods of a kind of cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, spring sowing cowpea and the crop rotation of summer sowing paddy rice are planted, annual crop rotation once, further, cowpea carries out the rational application of fertilizer in planting season, does not apply fertilizer in Period of paddy planting, wherein, the concrete grammar of the rational application of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Before step one, plantation or cultivation cowpea wholely, and the last time wholelyly every 667m before
2use superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg;
Every 667m after step 2, plantation or cultivation
2in furrow ditch, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 4kg make seed manure, then blinding suppression;
In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage and every 667m that earths up after step 3, Small plastic shed chill-proof growing take off film
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg;
Step 4, cowpea are bloomed every 667m when bearing pods 9-11cm
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30-50kg; Afterwards, every 667m every 10 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg until results cowpea harvest home, the field of this plantation or cultivation cowpea is used for rice cultivation as Honda.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, described step 4 also comprises: cowpea plant is used for the humic fertilizer that ferments, and the humic fertilizer fermented is imposed on Tanaka, shelves 10-15 days after turning over.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method comprises the following steps:
Cultivate rice shoot;
Wholely: Honda is turned over after 1-2 time, by shoot transplanting equipment to Honda, every 667m
2plantation 1.8-2 ten thousand cave, every cave 3-4 seedling;
Turn green: turn green with 3-4cm degree of depth water, therebetween every 667m
2mix the full field of fine sand 15kg with 60% butachlor ec 250mL to spread fertilizer over the fields;
Draining dry field: after bed out young plants 15-25 days, draining dry field when Quan Tianmiao number reaches target spike number 85-90%, within bed out young plants 40-45 days, falling the two leaves phases of extracting out afterwards stops dry fields, keeps shallow water to heading, within 5-9 days, cuts off the water supply before results.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method is further comprising the steps of:
The extermination of disease and insect pest: 40-50 days after transplanting seedlings, every 667m
2be watered 60kg with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 250mL to spray; The heading cut phase, every 667m
2be watered 60kg after mixing with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200mL with 40% Isoprothiolane missible oil 100-150mL to spray; The Grain Filling later stage, every 667m
2be watered 75kg with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 200g to spray.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the area ratio of rice seedling field and Honda is 1: 9-11.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, cowpea implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Seed selection: cowpea seed purity is not less than 97%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 95%, and water content is not higher than 12%;
Bag ditch plays furrow: cowpea seed plays the plantation of furrow duplicate rows by 1.5-1.8m bag ditch, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 15-20cm, the long 20-25m of furrow;
Sowing: soil 10cm depths ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C to start to sow cowpea seed, and bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, every 667m
2sowing quantity 1.5-2.5kg, and to control cowpea spacing in the rows be 15-25cm; Cowpea after planting, suppress, every 667m by blinding
2be watered 30-45kg with smart propisochlor missible oil 30-45mL and evenly spray Mian Jilong both sides, ridge; Build Small plastic shed: keep the temperature in Small plastic shed to be 20-30 DEG C;
Built draws climing: during the climing long 30-40cm of cowpea, built draws climing.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%.
Preferably, the implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the fermentation process of described humic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Step a, the stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick down on the farm, add pig manure, cow dung, house refuse, vinasse, dregs of beans and mud, spray fermenting agent, then spread common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of collection, thickness 2-5
cm, and town is native, heap makes the stacking of multiple high 1m, fermentation 15-20 days; Described fermenting agent is mixed to get by cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes;
On step b, the stacking that obtains in step a, interval 30-50cm inserts many conduits, insertion depth is 0.5m, then in described many conduits, injects phosphorus decomposing microbial inoculum, potassium decomposing microbial inoculum and azotobacterin successively, repeatedly, until all inject microbial inoculum in all conduits, remove conduit;
Step c, fermentation, after 2-3 days, turn over throwing stacking, repeat step b, obtain humic fertilizer after repeating 3-5 time.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
(1) owing to having left over a large amount of nutrient in cowpea cultivation, need not apply fertilizer in rice cropping process, and sustainable production, economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits are huge, increase income significantly.Every 667m
2plough annual production more than major product quantity of goods produced 2900kg, than custom cultivation double cropping rice major product quantity of goods produced volume increase more than 2000kg, increases by more than 250%.
(2) in the present invention, late January carries out cowpea sowing, and early June completes gathers; Late June carries out rice growing seedling, and mid or late July is transplanted to Honda; Results paddy rice is completed at the beginning of by the end of October to 11 month.Cowpea is connected closely with the crops for rotation of paddy rice, and light and temperature resource utilization is high.
(3) fermentation process of described humic fertilizer comprises the following steps: step a, the stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick down on the farm, add pig manure, cow dung, house refuse, vinasse, dregs of beans and mud, spray fermenting agent, then common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of collection is spread, thickness 2-5cm, and town is native, heap makes the stacking of multiple high 1m, fermentation 15-20 days; Described fermenting agent is mixed to get by cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes; The raw material of humic fertilizer is agricultural and domestic refuse, and therefore the fermentation process of humic fertilizer belongs to turns waste into wealth, and compares environmental protection.Common cowpea root and cowpea rattan being returned Tian Zuofei is a kind of common cowpea root and cowpea rattan processing mode very with practical value, and they need not be moved to other place, direct treatment in situ, reduces the intractability of common cowpea root and cowpea rattan.The stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick and thickness are common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of 2-5cm, and whole stacking can be made to have good gas permeability, and stacking piles 1m usury in stacking internal insulation, keep the environment needed for zymophyte breeding.
On step b, the stacking that obtains in step a, interval 30-50cm inserts many conduits, insertion depth is 0.5m, then in described many conduits, injects phosphorus decomposing microbial inoculum, potassium decomposing microbial inoculum and azotobacterin successively, repeatedly, until all inject microbial inoculum in all conduits, remove conduit; Phosphate solubilizing bacteria and potassium solubilizing bacteria can the phosphorus of indissoluble, potassium decompose out in offices and men's earth, and azotobacter provide enough nitrogens for soil, provide nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium by these three kinds of bacterium, make nitrogen, phosphorus, potash fertilizer continually, effect is lasting.Add this three kinds of microbial inoculums by conduit, make again conduit be separated by the distance of 30-50cm, the breeding scope of three kinds of bacterium can be separated well, avoid three to influence each other, make in humic fertilizer, the content of three kinds of bacterium is enough high.
Step c, fermentation, after 2-3 days, turn over throwing stacking, repeat step b, obtain humic fertilizer after repeating 3-5 time.After 3-5 time, the quantity of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in humic fertilizer, potassium solubilizing bacteria and azotobacter will be abundant, can satisfy the demand.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with example, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Should be appreciated that used hereinly such as " to have ", other element one or more do not allotted in " comprising " and " comprising " term or the existence of its combination or interpolation.
< example 1>
An implantation methods for cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, plants spring sowing cowpea and the crop rotation of summer sowing paddy rice,
Once, and cowpea carries out the rational application of fertilizer in planting season, does not apply fertilizer in Period of paddy planting in annual crop rotation, and wherein, the concrete grammar of the rational application of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Before step one, plantation or cultivation cowpea wholely, and the last time wholelyly every 667m before
2use superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg;
Every 667m after step 2, plantation or cultivation
2in furrow ditch, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 4kg make seed manure, then blinding suppression;
In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage and every 667m that earths up after step 3, Small plastic shed chill-proof growing take off film
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg;
Step 4, cowpea become civilized every 667m when bearing pods 9-11cm
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg; Afterwards, every 667m every 10 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg until cowpea harvest home, the field of this plantation or cultivation cowpea is used for rice cultivation as Honda.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, described step 4 also comprises: cowpea plant is used for the humic fertilizer that ferments, and the humic fertilizer fermented is imposed on Tanaka, shelves 10 days after turning over.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, is characterized in that, paddy rice planting method comprises the following steps:
Cultivate rice shoot;
Wholely: Honda is turned over after 1-2 time, by shoot transplanting equipment to Honda, every 667m
2plantation 1.8-2 ten thousand cave, every cave 3-4 seedling;
Turn green: turn green with 3-4cm degree of depth water, therebetween every 667m
2mix the full field of fine sand 15kg with 60% butachlor ec 250mL to spread fertilizer over the fields;
Draining dry field: bed out young plants is after 15 days, draining dry field when Quan Tianmiao number reaches target spike number 85-90%, bed out young plants falls the two leaves phases of extracting out for 40 days afterwards and stops dry fields, keeps shallow water to heading, gathers in the crops and cut off the water supply for first 5 days.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method is further comprising the steps of:
The extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant seedlings latter 40 days, every 667m
2be watered 60kg with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 250mL to spray; The heading cut phase, every 667m
2be watered 60kg after mixing with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200mL with 40% Isoprothiolane missible oil 100mL to spray; The Grain Filling later stage, every 667m
2be watered 75kg with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 200g to spray.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the area ratio of rice seedling field and Honda is 1: 9.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, cowpea implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Seed selection: cowpea seed purity is not less than 97%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 95%, and water content is not higher than 12%;
Bag ditch plays furrow: cowpea seed plays the plantation of furrow duplicate rows by 1.5-1.8m bag ditch, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 15-20cm, the long 20-25m of furrow;
Sowing: soil 10cm depths ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C to start to sow cowpea seed, and bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, every 667m
2sowing quantity 1.5-2.5kg, and to control cowpea spacing in the rows be 15-25cm; Cowpea after planting, suppress, every 667m by blinding
2be watered 30kg with smart propisochlor missible oil 30mL and evenly spray Mian Jilong both sides, ridge;
Build Small plastic shed: keep the temperature in Small plastic shed to be 20-30 DEG C;
Built draws climing: during the climing long 30-40cm of cowpea, built draws climing.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the fermentation process of described humic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Step a, the stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick down on the farm, add pig manure, cow dung, house refuse, vinasse, dregs of beans and mud, spray fermenting agent, then spread common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of collection, thickness 2-5cm, and town is native, heap makes the stacking of multiple high 1m, ferments 15 days; Described fermenting agent is mixed to get by cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes;
On step b, the stacking that obtains in step a, interval 30cm inserts many conduits, insertion depth is 0.5m, then in described many conduits, injects phosphorus decomposing microbial inoculum, potassium decomposing microbial inoculum and azotobacterin successively, repeatedly, until all inject microbial inoculum in all conduits, remove conduit;
Step c, fermentation, after 2 days, turn over throwing stacking, repeat step b, obtain humic fertilizer after repeating 3 times.
< example 2>
An implantation methods for cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, plants spring sowing cowpea and the crop rotation of summer sowing paddy rice,
Once, and cowpea carries out the rational application of fertilizer in planting season, does not apply fertilizer in Period of paddy planting in annual crop rotation, and wherein, the concrete grammar of the rational application of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Before step one, plantation or cultivation cowpea wholely, and the last time wholelyly every 667m before
2use superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg;
Every 667m after step 2, plantation or cultivation
2in furrow ditch, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 4kg make seed manure, then blinding suppression;
In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage and every 667m that earths up after step 3, Small plastic shed chill-proof growing take off film
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg;
Step 4, cowpea become civilized every 667m when bearing pods 9-11cm
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 50kg; Afterwards, every 667m every 10 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg until cowpea harvest home, the field of this plantation or cultivation cowpea is used for rice cultivation as Honda.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, described step 4 also comprises: cowpea plant is used for the humic fertilizer that ferments, and the humic fertilizer fermented is imposed on Tanaka, shelves 15 days after turning over.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method comprises the following steps:
Cultivate rice shoot;
Wholely: Honda is turned over after 1-2 time, by shoot transplanting equipment to Honda, every 667m
2plantation 1.8-2 ten thousand cave, every cave 3-4 seedling;
Turn green: turn green with 3-4cm degree of depth water, therebetween every 667m
2mix the full field of fine sand 15kg with 60% butachlor ec 250mL to spread fertilizer over the fields;
Draining dry field: bed out young plants is after 25 days, draining dry field when Quan Tianmiao number reaches target spike number 85-90%, bed out young plants falls the two leaves phases of extracting out for 45 days afterwards and stops dry fields, keeps shallow water to heading, gathers in the crops and cut off the water supply for first 9 days.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method is further comprising the steps of:
The extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant seedlings latter 50 days, every 667m
2be watered 60kg with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 250mL to spray; The heading cut phase, every 667m
2be watered 60kg after mixing with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200mL with 40% Isoprothiolane missible oil 150mL to spray; The Grain Filling later stage, every 667m
2be watered 75kg with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 200g to spray.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the area ratio of rice seedling field and Honda is 1: 11.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, cowpea implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Seed selection: cowpea seed purity is not less than 97%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 95%, and water content is not higher than 12%;
Bag ditch plays furrow: cowpea seed plays the plantation of furrow duplicate rows by 1.5-1.8m bag ditch, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 15-20cm, the long 20-25m of furrow;
Sowing: soil 10cm depths ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C to start to sow cowpea seed, and bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, every 667m
2sowing quantity 1.5-2.5kg, and to control cowpea spacing in the rows be 15-25cm; Cowpea after planting, suppress, every 667m by blinding
2be watered 45kg with smart propisochlor missible oil 45mL and evenly spray Mian Jilong both sides, ridge; Build Small plastic shed: keep the temperature in Small plastic shed to be 20-30 DEG C;
Built draws climing: during the climing long 30-40cm of cowpea, built draws climing.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the fermentation process of described humic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Step a, the stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick down on the farm, add pig manure, cow dung, house refuse, vinasse, dregs of beans and mud, spray fermenting agent, then spread common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of collection, thickness 2-5
cm, and town is native, heap makes the stacking of multiple high 1m, ferments 20 days; Described fermenting agent is mixed to get by cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes;
On step b, the stacking that obtains in step a, interval 50cm inserts many conduits, insertion depth is 0.5m, then in described many conduits, injects phosphorus decomposing microbial inoculum, potassium decomposing microbial inoculum and azotobacterin successively, repeatedly, until all inject microbial inoculum in all conduits, remove conduit;
Step c, fermentation, after 3 days, turn over throwing stacking, repeat step b, obtain humic fertilizer after repeating 5 times.
< example 3>
An implantation methods for cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, plants spring sowing cowpea and the crop rotation of summer sowing paddy rice, and once, and cowpea carries out the rational application of fertilizer in planting season, does not apply fertilizer in Period of paddy planting in annual crop rotation, and wherein, the concrete grammar of the rational application of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Before step one, plantation or cultivation cowpea wholely, and the last time wholelyly every 667m before
2use superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg;
Every 667m after step 2, plantation or cultivation
2in furrow ditch, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 4kg make seed manure, then blinding suppression;
In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage and every 667m that earths up after step 3, Small plastic shed chill-proof growing take off film
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg;
Step 4, cowpea are bloomed every 667m when bearing pods 9-11cm
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 40kg; Afterwards, every 667m every 10 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg until cowpea harvest home, the field of this plantation or cultivation cowpea is used for rice cultivation as Honda.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, described step 4 also comprises: cowpea plant is used for the humic fertilizer that ferments, and the humic fertilizer fermented is imposed on Tanaka, shelves 12 days after turning over.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method comprises the following steps:
Cultivate rice shoot;
Wholely: Honda is turned over after 1-2 time, by shoot transplanting equipment to Honda, every 667m
2plantation 1.8-2 ten thousand cave, every cave 3-4 seedling;
Turn green: turn green with 3-4cm degree of depth water, therebetween every 667m
2mix the full field of fine sand 15kg with 60% butachlor ec 250mL to spread fertilizer over the fields;
Draining dry field: bed out young plants is after 20 days, draining dry field when Quan Tianmiao number reaches target spike number 85-90%, bed out young plants falls the two leaves phases of extracting out for 42 days afterwards and stops dry fields, keeps shallow water to heading, gathers in the crops and cut off the water supply for first 7 days.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, paddy rice planting method is further comprising the steps of:
The extermination of disease and insect pest: transplant seedlings latter 45 days, every 667m
2be watered 60kg with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 250mL to spray; The heading cut phase, every 667m
2be watered 60kg after mixing with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200mL with 40% Isoprothiolane missible oil 100-150mL to spray; The Grain Filling later stage, every 667m
2be watered 75kg with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 200g to spray.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the area ratio of rice seedling field and Honda is 1: 10.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, cowpea implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Seed selection: cowpea seed purity is not less than 97%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 95%, and water content is not higher than 12%;
Bag ditch plays furrow: cowpea seed plays the plantation of furrow duplicate rows by 1.5-1.8m bag ditch, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 15-20cm, the long 20-25m of furrow;
Sowing: soil 10cm depths ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C to start to sow cowpea seed, and bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, every 667m
2sowing quantity 1.5-2.5kg, and to control cowpea spacing in the rows be 15-25cm; Cowpea after planting, suppress, every 667m by blinding
2be watered 40kg with smart propisochlor missible oil 40mL and evenly spray Mian Jilong both sides, ridge;
Build Small plastic shed: keep the temperature in Small plastic shed to be 20-30 DEG C;
Built draws climing: during the climing long 30-40cm of cowpea, built draws climing.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%.
The implantation methods of described cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, the fermentation process of described humic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Step a, the stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick down on the farm, add pig manure, cow dung, house refuse, vinasse, dregs of beans and mud, spray fermenting agent, then spread common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of collection, thickness 2-5cm, and town is native, heap makes the stacking of multiple high 1m, ferments 18 days; Described fermenting agent is mixed to get by cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes;
On step b, the stacking that obtains in step a, interval 45cm inserts many conduits, insertion depth is 0.5m, then in described many conduits, injects phosphorus decomposing microbial inoculum, potassium decomposing microbial inoculum and azotobacterin successively, repeatedly, until all inject microbial inoculum in all conduits, remove conduit;
Step c, fermentation, after 3 days, turn over throwing stacking, repeat step b, obtain humic fertilizer after repeating 5 times.
In order to effect of the present invention is described, inventor provides comparative experiments as follows:
< comparative example 1>
In step 4, every 667m every 20 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg until cowpea harvest home, identical with example 3 of all the other parameters, process is also identical.
< comparative example 2>
In step 4, every 667m every 10 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10kg until cowpea harvest home, identical with example 3 of all the other parameters, process is also identical.
[the every 667m of table 1
2the major product quantity of goods produced of annual results of ploughing]
| Major product quantity of goods produced | |
| Example 1 | 2900kg |
| Example 2 | 3000kg |
| Example 3 | 3200kg |
| Comparative example 1 | 2300kg |
| Comparative example 2 | 2100kg |
Can find out from upper table 1, due to 667m every every 10 days in example 3
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg, every 667m
2the major product quantity of goods produced of results of ploughing is significantly higher than in comparative example 1 and adopts every 667m every 20 days
2use the situation of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg.
Due to 667m every every 10 days in example 3
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg, every 667m
2the major product quantity of goods produced of results of ploughing is significantly higher than in comparative example 2 and adopts every 667m every 10 days
2use the situation of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 10kg.
Visible, of the present invention every 10 days every 667m
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg, can obviously increase income.
Example 4
One, target output
1 rice yield: 450kg ~ 550kg/667m
2;
2 cowpea output: 2500kg/667m
2above; Picking time on average produces more than 50kg daily.
Every 667m
2plough annual production more than major product quantity of goods produced 2900kg, than custom cultivation double cropping rice major product quantity of goods produced volume increase more than 2000kg, increases more than 250%.
Two, Output value index
Every 667m
2plough every gross annual output value more than 10000 yuan, increase more than 9000 yuan than the custom cultivation double cropping rice gross output value, the gross output value increases more than 400%.
Three, the indicator of costs
Produce every t grain than custom cultivation double cropping rice cost reduction about 800 yuan.
Four, proceeds indicatior
Every 667m
2plough annual net earnings more than 6000 yuan, increase net earnings more than 5000 yuan than custom cultivation double cropping rice, net earnings increases more than 1000%.
Five, other indexs
Sustainable production, economic benefit, social benefit and ecological benefits are huge, increase income significantly.
Six, technical scheme and step
(1) cowpea Orthogonal rotational design and step
1 soil is selected to select ecotope good, and the light loam that physical features is smooth, soil structure is suitable for, physicochemical character is good, plow layer is deep, irrigation and drainage are convenient, fertility is higher, acid-base value pH value is 6-7 or sandy loam, previous crops are that the plot of paddy rice is planted.Field without or directly do not pollute by Industrial " three Waste " and agricultural, urban life, Biohazard Waste, away from traffic main arteries such as highway, station, airport, harbours, and source of irrigation water upstream forms the pollution source of prestige association to home environment.Heavy metal free pollutes.
Behind 2 mechanical whole ground in 3d before sowing sowing the general requirement on the whole ground of machinery be soil reach deeply, loose, thin, broken, flat, without weeds, do not harden, water content is moderate, irrigation and drainage are convenient, and growing of cowpea is in suitable soil environment.To clear up and keep in repair irrigation and drainage ditch before whole ground, ensure unimpeded.Generally play furrow duplicate rows according to 1.5m ~ 1.8m bag ditch to plant.Furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 15cm ~ 20cm, in order to draining with take Small plastic shed cover film.Furrow length is generally advisable with 20m ~ 25m, and oversize being unfavorable for manages.
The ripe phase is suitable for, high-quality, high yield, strong stress resistance, commodity are good in 3 Fruit variety selections, meet the kind of market comsupton custom.Within every 2 ~ 3 years, change 1 time.Seed quality index should reach: purity is not less than 97%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 95%, and water content is not higher than 12%.Removing has scab, damages by worms, damages, the seed that goes mouldy and impurity, and bask seeds 1d ~ 2d.
After sowing Gui Nan coastal area " Great Cold " 4 " Great Cold " to " the beginning of spring ", " the beginning of spring " front about 10d can start sowing when the dark ground temperature of soil 10cm is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C.5 seeding methods and seeding quantity carry out dense planting early rich cultivation, every 667m
2sowing quantity 1.5kg ~ 2.5kg.Sowing specification: play furrow duplicate rows by 1.5m ~ 1.8m bag ditch and plant, drilling, spacing in the rows 15cm ~ 25cm.
6, after before bud, weeding technique cowpea sowing blinding is suppressed, every 667m
2be watered 30-45kg with Jin Douer (the smart propisochlor missible oil) 30-45mL of active constituent content 960g/L and evenly spray Mian Jilong both sides, ridge, in case grow weeds.7 Small plastic shed chill-proof growing
Gui Nan coastal area 1-2 month mean temperature of air 14 DEG C-14.6 DEG C, March mean temperature of air 18.5 DEG C, temperature is lower, after planting should buckle Small plastic shed in time, in order to seed sprouting and growth of seedling.Cowpea seed germinate and growth thermophilic all between 20 DEG C ~ 30 DEG C, therefore temperature will keep epiphragma to be incubated below 20 DEG C, and temperature reached more than 30 DEG C and can take off film ventilation wet down noon, and built draws the climing eve and removes Small plastic shed.8 intertill and clean tillages and bay draw climing take off film after carry out intertill and clean tillage.Earth up in conjunction with fertilising.As climing long 30cm ~ 40cm, should bay draw climing in time.
9 cowpea fertilizer practices
Fertilization principle: to use compound fertilizer.Do not execute nitrate fertilizer, do not execute Chloride fertilizer.Prohibit the use the chemistry or bio-fertilizer of registering without country or provincial agricultural sector.
Every 667m before the 9.1 cultivation last whole ground of cowpea
2use superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg, by last machinery whole phosphate fertilizer is evenly mixed in soil.Every 667m with good conditionsi
2organic fertilizer 500kg ~ the 1000kg through fully becoming thoroughly decomposed can be used simultaneously.
9.2 after planting every 667m
2composite fertilizer of the Norway 4kg using NPK each 15% in plantation ditch makes seed manure, then blinding suppression.
After 9.3 Small plastic shed chill-proof growing take off film to late Febuary, in conjunction with intertill and clean tillage and the every 667m of ridging
2use the composite fertilizer 30kg of NPK each 15%.
9.4 cowpeas become civilized every 667m when bearing pods about 10cm
2use the composite fertilizer 50kg of NPK each 15%.
Applied fertilizer for 9.5 last time every 667m after 10d
2use the composite fertilizer 35kg of NPK each 15%.
Every the every 667m of 10d after 9.6
2use the composite fertilizer 35kg of NPK each 15%.
Do not refertilize after 9.75 months 30 days.
10 water managements control water before blooming, and note draining prevention against water-logging rainy season.The rainfall distribution of Gui Nan coastal area extremely meets cowpea growth rhythm, and the cowpea general time in spring does not need to water or pour water.
11 diseases and pests controlling, according to the plant protection policy of " putting prevention first, integrated control ", adhere to the control principle of " cultural control, physical control, biological control are main, and chemical control is auxiliary ".Cultural control as carried out rice field-upland field rotation, select disease-resistant variety, create adapt circumstance condition, control temperature and air humidity, zanjon height furrow well, be strictly on guard against ponding, after gathering, residual branch lost leaf and weeds are cleaned out in time, concentrate and carry out harmless treatment, keep field to clean.Physical control is as utilized sunlight to bask seeds, adopting the little winged insects such as yellow card's trap aphid, aleyrodid; Application frequency ventilating type insect killing lamp trapping adult moth pests.Biological control such as active protection utilizes natural enemy; Use biopesticide.Chemical control cowpea Major Diseases has rust, epidemic disease, powdery mildew, virus disease, anthracnose, fusarium wilt, sooty mould etc.Major Pests has lima bean pod borer, aphid, Liriomyza and thrips etc.Use chemical control should meet the requirement of NY/T393, GB/T8321.Strict control safety interval of pesticide pollution, often kind of agricultural chemicals only uses once within a vegetative period of crop.
12 harvesting techniques generally April Post flowering 7d ~ 10d can to gather listing, note when gathering protecting other young pod and bud.1d gathers 1 time, picking time about 55d.
(2) rice cultivating technique scheme and step is made after cowpea
1 high yield fine selecting the suitable local ecological conditions such as good varieties selection Y two is excellent 302, Y two excellent 143.
2 in good time early sowing late June sowings.
3 dredge broadcast seedling planting before bask seeds, clear water choose seeds, sow after vernalization.Doing rice seedling bed with selecting cowpea, is prepare enough rice seedling bed, rice transplanting every 667m at 1: 10 by rice seedling bed and Honda ratio
2honda 50,434 hole seedling dish or 25,561 hole seedling dishes.
4 move slotting mid or late July in good time transplants, and rice transplanting length of time rice seedlings grow 15d ~ 20d transplants.
5 rational close planting transplanting spacing 26cm × 19cm, or rice transplanting 32 coils (434 hole seedling dish) or 25 dishes (561 hole seedling dish), every 667m
21.4 ten thousand caves are planted in transplanting or throwing, seedling ~ 4, every cave 3 seedling.
6 chemical weed control deep water (3cm ~ 4cm) turn green after 667m
2available 60% butachlor ec 250mL mixes the full field of fine sand 15kg and spreads fertilizer over the fields, and keeps water layer 3cm ~ 4cm.
Make paddy field NPK nutrient of having more than needed after 7 control fertile cultivation cowpeas more, generally do not apply fertilizer.
8 scientific application of irrigation adopt deep water to turn green, and shallow water is tillered, draining dry field when to insert after (throwings) seedling about 20d field seedling number reaches target spike number 85% ~ 90% entirely, but heavily do not shine.Inserting 40d ~ 45d after (throwings) seedling to fall the two leaves phases of extracting out and stop dry fields, keeping shoaling layer to earing.Productive phase water consumpation management is accomplished dry wet, and support leaf with root, before results, about 7d cuts off the water supply, and does not cut off the water supply too early, prevents early ageing.
40d ~ 50d, 667m after slotting (throwing) seedling of 9 anti-worms of curing the disease
2with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 250mL, be watered 60kg spraying and prevent and treat banded sclerotial blight.Heading cut phase every 667m
2with 40% Isoprothiolane missible oil (Fujione) 100mL ~ 150mL+5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200mL, be watered 60kg spraying control rice blast, banded sclerotial blight etc.; Grain Filling later stage every 667m
2with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 200g, be watered 75kg spraying control rice fulgorid.
10 mechanical harvests adopt the every 667m of mechanical harvest
2expense 80 yuan ~ 100 yuan, saving of work and time.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment.Therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the example described.
Claims (8)
1. an implantation methods for cowpea and paddy rice crop rotation, plants spring sowing cowpea and the crop rotation of summer sowing paddy rice, and once, and cowpea carries out the rational application of fertilizer in planting season, does not apply fertilizer in Period of paddy planting in annual crop rotation, and wherein, the concrete grammar of the rational application of fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Before step one, plantation or cultivation cowpea wholely, and the last time wholelyly every 667m before
2use superphosphate or fused calcium magnesium phosphate 50kg;
Every 667m after step 2, plantation or cultivation cowpea
2in furrow ditch, use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 4kg make seed manure, then blinding suppression;
In conjunction with intertill and clean tillage and every 667m that earths up after step 3, Small plastic shed chill-proof growing take off film
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg;
Step 4, cowpea are bloomed every 667m when bearing pods 9-11cm
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30-50kg; Afterwards, every 667m every 10 days
2use nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 30kg until cowpea harvest home, the field of this plantation or cultivation cowpea is used for rice cultivation as Honda.
2. the implantation methods of cowpea as claimed in claim 1 and paddy rice crop rotation, it is characterized in that, described step 4 also comprises: after results cowpea, cowpea plant is used for the humic fertilizer that ferments, and the humic fertilizer fermented is imposed on Tanaka, shelve 10-15 days after turning over.
3. the implantation methods of cowpea as claimed in claim 1 and paddy rice crop rotation, it is characterized in that, paddy rice planting method comprises the following steps:
Cultivate rice shoot;
Wholely: Honda is turned over after 1-2 time, by shoot transplanting equipment to Honda, every 667m
2plantation 1.8-2 ten thousand cave, every cave 3-4 seedling;
Turn green: turn green with 3-4cm degree of depth water, therebetween every 667m
2mix the full field of fine sand 15kg with 60% butachlor ec 250mL to spread fertilizer over the fields;
Draining dry field: after bed out young plants 15-25 days, draining dry field when Quan Tianmiao number reaches target spike number 85-90%, within bed out young plants 40-45 days, falling the two leaves phases of extracting out afterwards stops dry fields, keeps shallow water to heading, within 5-9 days, cuts off the water supply before results.
4. the implantation methods of cowpea as claimed in claim 3 and paddy rice crop rotation, it is characterized in that, paddy rice planting method is further comprising the steps of:
The extermination of disease and insect pest: 40-50 days after transplanting seedlings, every 667m
2be watered 60kg with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 250mL to spray; The heading cut phase, every 667m
2be watered 60kg after mixing with 5% jinggangmeisu aqua 200mL with 40% Isoprothiolane missible oil 100-150mL to spray; The Grain Filling later stage, every 667m
2be watered 75kg with 25% imidacloprid wettable powder 200g to spray.
5. the implantation methods of cowpea as claimed in claim 3 and paddy rice crop rotation, it is characterized in that, the area ratio of rice seedling field and Honda is 1: 9-11.
6. the implantation methods of cowpea as claimed in claim 1 and paddy rice crop rotation, it is characterized in that, cowpea implantation methods comprises the following steps:
Seed selection: cowpea seed purity is not less than 97%, and cleanliness is not less than 98%, and germination rate is not less than 95%, and water content is not higher than 12%;
Bag ditch plays furrow: cowpea seed plays the plantation of furrow duplicate rows by 1.5-1.8m bag ditch, furrow furrow width 30cm, dark 15-20cm, the long 20-25m of furrow;
Sowing: soil 10cm depths ground temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C to start to sow cowpea seed, and bask seeds before sowing 1-2 days, every 667m
2sowing quantity 1.5-2.5kg, and to control cowpea spacing in the rows be 15-25cm; Cowpea after planting, suppress, every 667m by blinding
2be watered 30-45kg with smart propisochlor missible oil 30-45mL and evenly spray Mian Jilong both sides, ridge;
Build Small plastic shed: keep the temperature in Small plastic shed to be 20-30 DEG C;
Built draws climing: during the climing long 30-40cm of cowpea, built draws climing.
7. the implantation methods of the cowpea according to any one of claim 1-6 and paddy rice crop rotation, is characterized in that, in described nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 15%.
8. the implantation methods of cowpea as claimed in claim 2 and paddy rice crop rotation, it is characterized in that, the fermentation process of described humic fertilizer comprises the following steps:
Step a, the stalk that laying 2-5cm is thick down on the farm, add pig manure, cow dung, house refuse, vinasse, dregs of beans and mud, spray fermenting agent, then spread common cowpea root and the cowpea rattan of collection, thickness 2-5cm, and town is native, heap makes the stacking of multiple high 1m, fermentation 15-20 days; Described fermenting agent is mixed to get by cellulose decomposition bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycete and actinomycetes;
On step b, the stacking that obtains in step a, interval 30-50cm inserts many conduits, insertion depth is 0.5m, then in described many conduits, injects phosphorus decomposing microbial inoculum, potassium decomposing microbial inoculum and azotobacterin successively, repeatedly, until all inject microbial inoculum in all conduits, remove conduit;
Step c, fermentation, after 2-3 days, turn over throwing stacking, repeat step b, obtain humic fertilizer after repeating 3-5 time.
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