CN105941085A - Forestation technology for coastal saline land - Google Patents
Forestation technology for coastal saline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN105941085A CN105941085A CN201610286525.5A CN201610286525A CN105941085A CN 105941085 A CN105941085 A CN 105941085A CN 201610286525 A CN201610286525 A CN 201610286525A CN 105941085 A CN105941085 A CN 105941085A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B1/00—Superphosphates, i.e. fertilisers produced by reacting rock or bone phosphates with sulfuric or phosphoric acid in such amounts and concentrations as to yield solid products directly
- C05B1/02—Superphosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G1/00—Mixtures of fertilisers belonging individually to different subclasses of C05
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
Abstract
The invention discloses a forestation technology for coastal saline land. The technology comprises following steps: setting drainage ditches, salt drainage pipes and nutrient pipes; soil pretreatment; nursery stock planting preparation; nursery stock planting; fertilizing: uniformly applying 20 to 30 parts by weight of a fertilizer named Jiandibao, 55 to 60 parts by weight of nitrogenous fertilizer, 20 to 30 parts by weight of potash fertilizer, 20 to 25 parts by weight of phosphoric fertilizer, and 30 to 40 parts by weight of farm manure to the soil; salt eliminating and irrigating; maintaining; watering; constructing; soil loosening; plant diseases and insect pests preventing. By means of the technology, desalination zones are formed around plant root zones which guarantee the normal growth of plants. The problem of soil structure damage due to saline-alkali soil with high sodium ion content after leaching, and therefore, good soil structure can be maintained. At the same time, accurate fertilizing and irrigating can be performed by means of liquid fertilizers to increase fertilizer utilization. The technology has strong practicality, low cost, simple installation operation, simple management and maintenance, and is easy to promote; the technology does not require extra soil so that it provides an effective method for forestation in coastal saline land.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to Saline-alkali Field Control and planting technology field, particularly a kind of coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology.
Background technology
The former scholar of beach saline land is beach salting mud, not only upper soll layer salinity is high, and heart subsoil salt content is the highest, soil and groundwater salt is grouped into consistent with sea water, oxidation uranium salt has comparative advantage, and soil uranium absorption ratio is the highest, and the soil texture glues weight, structure is poor, breathability is bad, soil moisture is the most saturated, then the situation that soil compaction, soil permeability reduce, aeration is bad occur.Coastal saline-alkali soil nutrient condition is poor, and microbial status is poor.Reduce with the osmotic potential of soil, water uptake by plant roots difficulty.Having a strong impact on plant growing, cause dunsiekte, plant nutrient is uneven.
Traditional saline-alkali soil greening technology mainly improves the surrival rate of afforestation by methods such as backfilling new soil and flood irrigations, and these methods can improve the surrival rate of afforestation in the short period of time, but to expend substantial amounts of manpower and materials, high cost.Backfilling new soil needs to buy a large amount of soil moved in improve the originals from strange land, and the cost of the transport that soil moved in improve the original is bought is the highest, and flood is irrigated since it is desired that a large amount of freshwater resources, and cost is the highest.In addition raised fields changes alkali, hidden pipe row's Saline-alkali Field Control technology such as alkali also because of relatively costly, unsuitable spread.The present invention overcomes disadvantages described above, it is provided that a kind of easy to operate, coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology that cost is relatively low, respond well.
Summary of the invention
For the problem being previously mentioned, it is proposed that a kind of coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology, step includes:
1) excavating a gutter every 50～100m, width is: 1.5～2.0m, and the degree of depth is 1～1.5m；
2) in gutter vertical direction, distance arranges salt discharging pipe at ground 1.5～2.0m, and described salt discharging pipe spacing is: 8～10m, and pipe bending radius is not less than 600～650mm, and gradient is: 0.2～0.3%, than at the bottom of inlet for stom water high 10～1cm at the bottom of described salt discharging pipe；
3) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, distance arranges irrigation pipe at ground 10～20cm, and described irrigation pipe spacing is 5～8m, lays hole arranged in a uniform on the tube wall of described irrigation pipe；
4) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, distance arranges nutritive canal at ground 15～20cm, and described nutritive canal spacing is 5～8m, lays hole arranged in a uniform on the tube wall of described nutritive canal；
5) soil pretreatment
51) be 2 by 90～100 DEG C and concentration～the mixed solution of the ammonium sulfate of 3% and potassium sulfate is sprayed on soil, after 48～60 hours, is removed by the soil layer on top layer, soil 1.5～2.0cm；
52) by weight by aluminum sulfate: 10～30 parts, humic acid: 5～8 parts, heavy acid calcium: 12～14 parts, bone meal: 5～8 parts, polyacrylamide: 3～5 parts be made into concentration be 5～8% spray solution on soil so that soil is immersed in the solution of configuration 72～100h；；
53) after dry in the sun soil 20～25h, carrying out soil turning over for the first time, ploughed depth is: 30～35cm；
54) number by weight proportion, by farm manure: 25～28 parts, nitrogen: 40～45 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 10～20 parts, potassium sulfate: 22～25 parts, zinc: 2～5 parts, boron: 0.4～0.6 part, magnesium oxide: 4～9 parts, paclobutrazol: 5～8 parts, cypermethrin: 3～5 parts, gibberellins: 8～10 parts, calcium superphosphate: 20～30 parts, octyl sulfate: 3～6 parts, biological bacteria: 1～4 part, bone meal: 10～12 parts constitute mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil；
55) carry out second time after fertilising to turn over, use deep ploughing machinery to turn over, tilling depth 25～30cm, increase water-holding capacity, increase fertility；
6) transplanted seedling tree prepares
61) selection of seedling: choosing the seeds of suitable salt-soda soil growth, nursery stock palpus band ball transplanting, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is 5～10cm；
62) by choose nursery stock is placed on after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 10～15 days, after moving to nursery stock the soil of standard is planted 5～6 days, nursery stock is moved to after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 30～40 days, after nursery stock moves to plant 3～4 days in the soil of standard, move to nursery stock after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 60～80 days, move to nursery stock plant with beach saline land；
63) plantation in good time: optimal implantation time is 3～early April and November；
64) plant plant hole to answer smooth vertical than nursery stock soil bulb diameter big 60～80cm, kind plant hole hole wall, plant plant hole and within 4～5 days before transplanted seedling tree, to dig, and 2～3 days flood pouring kind plant holes before transplanted seedling tree, till cave is completely；
65) zeolite and the permeable layer of clean stone nitre composition of 50～60cm is laid in the bottom of kind of plant hole；
66) lay the nutrition soil layer of 20～30cm in the lower section of permeable layer, the composition of described nutrition soil layer is: farm manure 25～28 parts, nitrogen 40～45 parts, phosphate fertilizer 10～20 parts, potassium sulfate 22～25 parts, zinc 2～5 parts, boron 0.4～0.6 part, magnesium oxide 4～9 parts, ammonium sulfate: 10～12 parts and aluminum sulfate: 15～18 parts；
7) transplanted seedling tree
71) nursery stock forbids soil ball fractured, and on the Shi Tuqiu that plants, plane should be with ground in same level, or slightly below ground 1～about 5cm, forbids planting deep；Backfill soil answers several days of dry in the sun stirring by the proportioning of 7:3 with turfy soil to backfill again；The packaging straw rope above Shi Tuqiu of planting must solution be removed, and during planting soil backfill, every 30～about 35cm is one layer, and compaction in layers is to ground；
72) must support before watering after transplanted seedling tree, after 1 year, big tree root regeneration can be removed well；
8) fertilising
Apply fertile by containing " alkali ground is precious " by weight: 20～30 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 55～60 parts, potash fertilizer: 20～30 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 20～25 parts and farm manure: the fertilizer of 30～40 parts is uniformly sprinkled upon in soil；
9) salt discharge is irrigated
It is spaced 5～10 days saline alkalis to soil to test, when test result is above standard value, soil is irrigated by first-selected irrigation pipe of opening, the salinity in soil is got rid of by salt discharging pipe, until average total salt quantity is less than 0.5～0.8% in the soil that the degree of depth is 0.8～1.0m, be then turned on nutritive canal, by aluminum sulfate: 10～30 parts, humic acid: 5～8 parts, heavy acid calcium: 12～14 parts, bone meal: 5～8 parts, polyacrylamide: 3～5 parts be made into concentration be 5～8% mixed solution irrigation soils in；
10) maintenance
101) water
Follow the principle of " do not do and do not water; water, irrigate ", disposable flood is watered immediately after transplanted seedling tree, ensure that tree root is combined closely with soil, promote root system development, within after planting the 3rd day, water second time flood, within after planting the 7th day, water the 3rd time flood, water water quality standard without dry core for soil ball or to plant water in plant hole and ooze down, in time with thin Feng Shupan or with covering with plastic film soil moisture conservation with prevent table soil cracking ventilative after pouring water every time；
102) prune
During pruning, clip need to smooth, and prunes the branch of more than 2cm, and clip should smear preservative, and the big wound of all more than 10cm should be smooth, and cross section reduces as far as possible, and smears preservative, should stay 1～2cm short wooden stake during pruning, must not paste root and cut off；
103) chesson: after the rain and loosen the soil in time after pouring water, cuts off soil capillary, reduces moisture evaporation, prevents soil secondary salinization；
104) trunk wrapping water spray moisturizing: field planting is wrapped up at big tree trunk and the nearly trunk of one-level branch with straw rope after completing, strong sunlight direct projection and hot dry wind is avoided to blow, reduce the moisture evaporation of tree body, hot summer can spray water on straw rope and tree body, regulation branch humiture, necessarily spray even during water spray, it is to avoid under water droplet, make root hydrops；
105) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: after landscape engineering completes, running check, to put prevention first, prevents and treats, Symptomatic medicine in time.
Preferred version is: described preservative is for whitewashing mixed paint or lime cream.
Preferred version is: described " alkali ground is precious " fertile fertilizing method is: (1) spreads fertilizer over the fields, 35～45g/m2, then use rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stir, (2) are planted plant hole hole and are executed, the kind plant hole usage amount 20～25g of diameter 1.2～1.7m, stir with backfill soil, standby.
Preferred version is: the fertilizing method of described farm manure is: uniformly spread fertilizer over the fields on soil by the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, and thickness is about 15～20cm, uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stirs.
Preferred version is: described salt discharging pipe is ripple blind pipe.
The present invention makes plant roots district form fade area, it is ensured that the normal growth of plant.Solve the problem that Soil structure after the high saline-alkali soil drip washing of ion concentration destroyed of receiving, while drip washing salinity, the good Soil structure of soil can be kept, provide good growing environment for plant.Liquid fertilizer can be utilized simultaneously to carry out precision fertilizing irrigation, improve utilization rate of fertilizer.The present invention is practical, it is not necessary to visitor scholar, low cost, installs simple to operate, and management is safeguarded simple, it is easy to promotes, is the effective ways of beach saline land afforestation.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment detailed description further to the present invention, to make those skilled in the art can implement according to this with reference to description word.
Embodiment 1
A kind of coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology, step includes:
1) excavating a gutter every 50m, width is: 1.5m, and the degree of depth is 1m；
2) in gutter vertical direction, distance ground 1.5m at salt discharging pipe is set, described salt discharging pipe spacing is: 8m, pipe bending radius be not less than 600mm, gradient is: 0.2%, at the bottom of described salt discharging pipe than at the bottom of inlet for stom water high 10cm；
3) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, arranging irrigation pipe at distance ground 10cm, described irrigation pipe spacing is 5m, lays hole arranged in a uniform on the tube wall of described irrigation pipe；
4) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, arranging nutritive canal at distance ground 15cm, described nutritive canal spacing is 5m, lays hole arranged in a uniform on the tube wall of described nutritive canal；
5) soil pretreatment
51) mixed solution of 90 DEG C and ammonium sulfate that concentration is 2% and potassium sulfate is sprayed on soil, after 48 hours, the soil layer of top layer, soil 1.5cm is removed；
52) by weight by aluminum sulfate: 10 parts, humic acid: 5 parts, heavy acid calcium: 12 parts, bone meal: 5 parts, polyacrylamide: 3 parts are made into spray solution that concentration is 5% on soil so that soil is immersed in 72h in the solution of configuration；；
53) after dry in the sun soil 20h, carrying out soil turning over for the first time, ploughed depth is: 30cm；
54) number by weight proportion, by farm manure: 25 parts, nitrogen: 40 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 10 parts, potassium sulfate: 22 parts, zinc: 2 parts, boron: 0.4 part, magnesium oxide: 4 parts, paclobutrazol: 5 parts, cypermethrin: 3 parts, gibberellins: 8 parts, calcium superphosphate: 20 parts, octyl sulfate: 3 parts, biological bacteria: 1 part, bone meal: 10 parts constitute mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil；
55) carry out second time after fertilising to turn over, use deep ploughing machinery to turn over, tilling depth 25cm, increase water-holding capacity, increase fertility；
6) transplanted seedling tree prepares
61) selection of seedling: choosing the seeds of suitable salt-soda soil growth, nursery stock palpus band ball transplanting, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is 5cm；
62) by choose nursery stock is placed on after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 10 days, after moving to nursery stock the soil of standard is planted 5 days, nursery stock is moved to after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 30 days, after nursery stock moves to plant 3 days in the soil of standard, move to nursery stock after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 60 days, move to nursery stock plant with beach saline land；
63) plantation in good time: optimal implantation time is early March and November；
64) plant plant hole to answer smooth vertical than the nursery stock big 60cm of soil bulb diameter, kind plant hole hole wall, plant plant hole and within first 4 days, to dig at transplanted seedling tree, and at first 2 days flood pouring kind plant holes of transplanted seedling tree, till cave is completely；
65) zeolite and the permeable layer of clean stone nitre composition of 50cm is laid in the bottom of kind of plant hole；
66) lay the nutrition soil layer of 20cm in the lower section of permeable layer, the composition of described nutrition soil layer is: farm manure 25 parts, 40 parts of nitrogen, 10 parts of phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate 22 parts, 2 parts of zinc, boron 0.4 part, magnesium oxide 4 parts, ammonium sulfate: 10 parts and aluminum sulfate: 15 parts；
7) transplanted seedling tree
71) nursery stock forbids soil ball fractured, and on the Shi Tuqiu that plants, plane should be with ground in same level, or slightly below ground about 1cm, forbids planting deep；Backfill soil answers several days of dry in the sun stirring by the proportioning of 7:3 with turfy soil to backfill again；The packaging straw rope above Shi Tuqiu of planting must solution be removed, and during planting soil backfill, every about 30cm is one layer, and compaction in layers is to ground；
72) must support before watering after transplanted seedling tree, after 1 year, big tree root regeneration can be removed well；
8) fertilising
Apply fertile by containing " alkali ground is precious " by weight: 20 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 55 parts, potash fertilizer: 20 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 20 parts and farm manure: the fertilizer of 30 parts is uniformly sprinkled upon in soil；
9) salt discharge is irrigated
It is spaced 5～10 days saline alkalis to soil to test, when test result is above standard value, soil is irrigated by first-selected irrigation pipe of opening, the salinity in soil is got rid of by salt discharging pipe, until average total salt quantity is less than 0.5% in the soil that the degree of depth is 0.8m, it is then turned on nutritive canal, by aluminum sulfate: 10 parts, humic acid: 5 parts, heavy acid calcium: 12 parts, bone meal: 5 parts, polyacrylamide: 3 parts are made in the mixed solution irrigation soils that concentration is 5%；
10) maintenance
101) water
Follow the principle of " do not do and do not water; water, irrigate ", disposable flood is watered immediately after transplanted seedling tree, ensure that tree root is combined closely with soil, promote root system development, within after planting the 3rd day, water second time flood, within after planting the 7th day, water the 3rd time flood, water water quality standard without dry core for soil ball or to plant water in plant hole and ooze down, in time with thin Feng Shupan or with covering with plastic film soil moisture conservation with prevent table soil cracking ventilative after pouring water every time；
102) prune
During pruning, clip need to smooth, and prunes the branch of more than 2cm, and clip should smear preservative, and the big wound of all more than 10cm should be smooth, and cross section reduces as far as possible, and smears preservative, should stay 1cm short wooden stake during pruning, must not paste root and cut off；
103) chesson: after the rain and loosen the soil in time after pouring water, cuts off soil capillary, reduces moisture evaporation, prevents soil secondary salinization；
104) trunk wrapping water spray moisturizing: field planting is wrapped up at big tree trunk and the nearly trunk of one-level branch with straw rope after completing, strong sunlight direct projection and hot dry wind is avoided to blow, reduce the moisture evaporation of tree body, hot summer can spray water on straw rope and tree body, regulation branch humiture, necessarily spray even during water spray, it is to avoid under water droplet, make root hydrops；
105) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: after landscape engineering completes, running check, to put prevention first, prevents and treats, Symptomatic medicine in time.
Described preservative is for whitewashing mixed paint or lime cream.
Described " alkali ground is precious " fertile fertilizing method is: (1) spreads fertilizer over the fields, 35g/m2, then use rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stir, (2) are planted plant hole hole and are executed, kind plant hole usage amount 20g of diameter 1.2m, stir with backfill soil, standby.
The fertilizing method of described farm manure is: uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields on soil by the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, thickness is about 15cm, uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stirs.
Described salt discharging pipe is ripple blind pipe.
Use the art of this patent effect as follows on Zhong Jie farm, Huanghua City: the Salix babylonica L. survival rate planted at the beginning of 4 months is up to 99%；The Robinia pseudoacacia L. planted autumn, survival rate to 98%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology, step includes:
1) excavating a gutter every 100m, width is: 2.0m, and the degree of depth is 1.5m；
2) in gutter vertical direction, distance ground 2.0m at salt discharging pipe is set, described salt discharging pipe spacing is: 10m, pipe bending radius be not less than 600～650mm, gradient is: 0.3%, at the bottom of described salt discharging pipe than at the bottom of inlet for stom water high 1cm；
3) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, arranging irrigation pipe at distance ground 20cm, described irrigation pipe spacing is 8m, lays hole arranged in a uniform on the tube wall of described irrigation pipe；
4) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, arranging nutritive canal at distance ground 20cm, described nutritive canal spacing is 8m, lays hole arranged in a uniform on the tube wall of described nutritive canal；
5) soil pretreatment
51) be 2 by 100 DEG C and concentration～the mixed solution of the ammonium sulfate of 3% and potassium sulfate is sprayed on soil, after 60 hours, is removed by the soil layer of top layer, soil 2.0cm；
52) by weight by aluminum sulfate: 30 parts, humic acid: 8 parts, heavy acid calcium: 14 parts, bone meal: 8 parts, polyacrylamide: 5 parts are made into spray solution that concentration is 8% on soil so that soil is immersed in 100h in the solution of configuration；
53) after dry in the sun soil 20～25h, carrying out soil turning over for the first time, ploughed depth is: 35cm；
54) number by weight proportion, by farm manure: 28 parts, nitrogen: 45 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 20 parts, potassium sulfate: 25 parts, zinc: 5 parts, boron: 0.6 part, magnesium oxide: 9 parts, paclobutrazol: 8 parts, cypermethrin: 5 parts, gibberellins: 10 parts, calcium superphosphate: 30 parts, octyl sulfate: 6 parts, biological bacteria: 4 parts, bone meal: 12 parts constitute mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil；
55) carry out second time after fertilising to turn over, use deep ploughing machinery to turn over, tilling depth 30cm, increase water-holding capacity, increase fertility；
6) transplanted seedling tree prepares
61) selection of seedling: choosing the seeds of suitable salt-soda soil growth, nursery stock palpus band ball transplanting, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is 10cm；
62) by choose nursery stock is placed on after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 15 days, after moving to nursery stock the soil of standard is planted 6 days, nursery stock is moved to after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 40 days, after nursery stock moves to plant 4 days in the soil of standard, move to nursery stock after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 80 days, move to nursery stock plant with beach saline land；
63) plantation in good time: optimal implantation time is early April and November；
64) plant plant hole to answer smooth vertical than the nursery stock big 80cm of soil bulb diameter, kind plant hole hole wall, plant plant hole and within first 5 days, to dig at transplanted seedling tree, and at first 3 days flood pouring kind plant holes of transplanted seedling tree, till cave is completely；
65) zeolite and the permeable layer of clean stone nitre composition of 60cm is laid in the bottom of kind of plant hole；
66) the lower section of permeable layer lay 30cm nutrition soil layer, the composition of described nutrition soil layer is: farm manure: 28 parts, 45 parts of nitrogen, 20 parts of phosphate fertilizer, potassium sulfate 25 parts, 5 parts of zinc, boron 0.6 part, magnesium oxide 9 parts, ammonium sulfate: 12 parts and aluminum sulfate: 18 parts；
7) transplanted seedling tree
71) nursery stock forbids soil ball fractured, and on the Shi Tuqiu that plants, plane should be with ground in same level, or slightly below ground about 5cm, forbids planting deep；Backfill soil answers several days of dry in the sun stirring by the proportioning of 7:3 with turfy soil to backfill again；The packaging straw rope above Shi Tuqiu of planting must solution be removed, and during planting soil backfill, every about 35cm is one layer, and compaction in layers is to ground；
72) must support before watering after transplanted seedling tree, after 1 year, big tree root regeneration can be removed well；
8) fertilising
Apply fertile by containing " alkali ground is precious " by weight: 30 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 60 parts, potash fertilizer: 30 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 25 parts and farm manure: the fertilizer of 40 parts is uniformly sprinkled upon in soil；
9) salt discharge is irrigated
It is spaced 10 days saline alkalis to soil to test, when test result is above standard value, soil is irrigated by first-selected irrigation pipe of opening, the salinity in soil is got rid of by salt discharging pipe, until average total salt quantity is less than 0.8% in the soil that the degree of depth is 1.0m, be then turned on nutritive canal, by aluminum sulfate: 30 parts, humic acid: 8 parts, heavy acid calcium: 14 parts, bone meal: 8 parts, polyacrylamide: 5 parts be made into concentration be 5～8% mixed solution irrigation soils in；
10) maintenance
101) water
Follow the principle of " do not do and do not water; water, irrigate ", disposable flood is watered immediately after transplanted seedling tree, ensure that tree root is combined closely with soil, promote root system development, within after planting the 3rd day, water second time flood, within after planting the 7th day, water the 3rd time flood, water water quality standard without dry core for soil ball or to plant water in plant hole and ooze down, in time with thin Feng Shupan or with covering with plastic film soil moisture conservation with prevent table soil cracking ventilative after pouring water every time；
102) prune
During pruning, clip need to smooth, and prunes the branch of more than 2cm, and clip should smear preservative, and the big wound of all more than 10cm should be smooth, and cross section reduces as far as possible, and smears preservative, should stay 2cm short wooden stake during pruning, must not paste root and cut off；
103) chesson: after the rain and loosen the soil in time after pouring water, cuts off soil capillary, reduces moisture evaporation, prevents soil secondary salinization；
104) trunk wrapping water spray moisturizing: field planting is wrapped up at big tree trunk and the nearly trunk of one-level branch with straw rope after completing, strong sunlight direct projection and hot dry wind is avoided to blow, reduce the moisture evaporation of tree body, hot summer can spray water on straw rope and tree body, regulation branch humiture, necessarily spray even during water spray, it is to avoid under water droplet, make root hydrops；
105) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: after landscape engineering completes, running check, to put prevention first, prevents and treats, Symptomatic medicine in time.
Described preservative is for whitewashing mixed paint or lime cream.
Described " alkali ground is precious " fertile fertilizing method is: (1) spreads fertilizer over the fields, 45g/m2, then use rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stir, (2) are planted plant hole hole and are executed, kind plant hole usage amount 25g of diameter 1.7m, stir with backfill soil, standby.
The fertilizing method of described farm manure is: uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields on soil by the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, thickness is about 20cm, uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stirs.
Described salt discharging pipe is ripple blind pipe.
Use the art of this patent effect as follows on Zhong Jie farm, Huanghua City: the Salix babylonica L. survival rate planted at the beginning of 4 months is up to 99.5%；The Robinia pseudoacacia L. planted autumn, survival rate to 98.4%.
Although embodiment of the present invention are disclosed as above, but it is not restricted in description and embodiment listed utilization, it can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely, for those skilled in the art, it is easily achieved other amendment, therefore, under the general concept limited without departing substantially from claim and equivalency range, the present invention is not limited to specific details.
Claims (5)
1. a coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology, it is characterised in that step includes:
1) excavating a gutter every 50～100m, width is: 1.5～2.0m, and the degree of depth is 1～1.5m；
2) in gutter vertical direction, distance arranges salt discharging pipe at ground 1.5～2.0m, and described salt discharging pipe spacing is: 8～10
M, pipe bending radius is not less than 600～650mm, and gradient is: 0.2～0.3%, higher than at the bottom of inlet for stom water at the bottom of described salt discharging pipe
10～1cm；
3) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, distance arranges irrigation pipe at ground 10～20cm, and described irrigation pipe spacing is
5～8m, the tube wall of described irrigation pipe is laid hole arranged in a uniform；
4) with the same direction of described salt discharging pipe, distance arranges nutritive canal at ground 15～20cm, and described nutritive canal spacing is
5～8m, the tube wall of described nutritive canal is laid hole arranged in a uniform；
5) soil pretreatment
51) be 2 by 90～100 DEG C and concentration～the mixed solution of the ammonium sulfate of 3% and potassium sulfate is sprayed on soil, 48～60
After hour, the soil layer on top layer, soil 1.5～2.0cm is removed；
52) by weight by aluminum sulfate: 10～30 parts, humic acid: 5～8 parts, heavy acid calcium: 12～14 parts, bone meal: 5～8
Part, polyacrylamide: 3～5 parts be made into concentration be 5～8% spray solution on soil so that soil is immersed in configuration
In solution 72～100h；；
53) after dry in the sun soil 20～25h, carrying out soil turning over for the first time, ploughed depth is: 30～35cm；
54) number by weight proportion, by farm manure: 25～28 parts, nitrogen: 40～45 parts, phosphate fertilizer: 10～20 parts, sulphuric acid
Potassium: 22～25 parts, zinc: 2～5 parts, boron: 0.4～0.6 part, magnesium oxide: 4～9 parts, paclobutrazol: 5～8 parts, chlorine cyanogen chrysanthemum
Ester: 3～5 parts, gibberellins: 8～10 parts, calcium superphosphate: 20～30 parts, octyl sulfate: 3～6 parts, biological bacteria: 1～4 part,
Bone meal: 10～12 parts constitute mixed liquor with water and are sprayed on soil；
55) carry out second time after fertilising to turn over, use deep ploughing machinery to turn over, tilling depth 25～30cm, increase water-holding capacity,
Increase fertility；
6) transplanted seedling tree prepares
61) selection of seedling: choosing the seeds of suitable salt-soda soil growth, nursery stock palpus band ball transplanting, and the diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground is 5～10cm；
62) by choose nursery stock is placed on after the cultivation base of soil similar to beach saline land carries out planting 10～15 days, will
After nursery stock moves to plant 5～6 days in the soil of standard, the cultivation base that nursery stock moves to soil similar to beach saline land is carried out
After planting 30～40 days, after nursery stock moves to plant 3～4 days in the soil of standard, nursery stock is moved to soil similar to beach saline land
After the cultivation base of earth carries out planting 60～80 days, move to nursery stock plant with beach saline land；
63) plantation in good time: optimal implantation time is 3～early April and November；
64) planting plant hole and answer smooth vertical than nursery stock soil bulb diameter big 60～80cm, kind plant hole hole wall, planting plant hole will be at Seedling
Within before wood is planted 4～5 days, dig, and 2～3 days flood pouring kind plant holes before transplanted seedling tree, till cave is full；
65) zeolite and the permeable layer of clean stone nitre composition of 50～60cm is laid in the bottom of kind of plant hole；
66) lay the nutrition soil layer of 20～30cm in the lower section of permeable layer, the composition of described nutrition soil layer is: farm manure 25～28
Part, nitrogen 40～45 parts, phosphate fertilizer 10～20 parts, potassium sulfate 22～25 parts, zinc 2～5 parts, boron 0.4～0.6 part, magnesium oxide 4～9
Part, ammonium sulfate: 10～12 parts and aluminum sulfate: 15～18 parts；
7) transplanted seedling tree
71) nursery stock forbids soil ball fractured, and on the Shi Tuqiu that plants, plane should be with ground in same level, or slightly below ground
1～about 5cm, forbid planting deep；Backfill soil answers several days of dry in the sun stirring by the proportioning of 7:3 with turfy soil to backfill again；
The packaging straw rope above Shi Tuqiu of planting must solution be removed, and during planting soil backfill, every 30～about 35cm is one layer, layering
Compacting is to ground；
72) must support before watering after transplanted seedling tree, after 1 year, big tree root regeneration can be removed well；
8) fertilising
Apply and will contain " alkali ground is precious " fertilizer by weight: 20～30 parts, nitrogenous fertilizer: 55～60 parts, potash fertilizer: 20～30 parts,
Phosphate fertilizer: 20～25 parts and farm manure: the fertilizer of 30～40 parts is uniformly sprinkled upon in soil；
9) salt discharge is irrigated
It is spaced 5～10 days saline alkalis to soil to test, when test result is above standard value, first-selected unlatching irrigation pipe
Soil is irrigated, gets rid of the salinity in soil by salt discharging pipe, until average complete in the soil that the degree of depth is 0.8～1.0m
Salt amount is less than 0.5～0.8%, is then turned on nutritive canal, by aluminum sulfate: 10～30 parts, humic acid: 5～8 parts, heavy acid calcium:
12～14 parts, bone meal: 5～8 parts, polyacrylamide: 3～5 parts be made into concentration be 5～8% mixed solution irrigation soils in；
10) maintenance
101) water
Follow the principle of " dry do not water, water, irrigate ", after transplanted seedling tree, water disposable flood immediately, it is ensured that tree root with
Soil is combined closely, and promotes root system development, within after planting the 3rd day, waters second time flood, within after planting the 7th day, water the 3rd time flood,
Water water quality standard without dry core for soil ball or to plant water in plant hole and ooze down, in time with thin Feng Shupan or use covering with plastic film after pouring water every time
Preserve soil moisture and prevent table soil cracking ventilative；
102) prune
During pruning, clip need to smooth, and prunes the branch of more than 2cm, and clip should smear preservative, and all more than 10cm's is big
Wound should be smooth, and cross section reduces as far as possible, and smears preservative, should stay 1～2cm short wooden stake during pruning, must not paste root and cut
Go；
103) chesson: after the rain and loosen the soil in time after pouring water, cuts off soil capillary, reduces moisture evaporation, prevents
Soil secondary salinization；
104) trunk wrapping water spray moisturizing: field planting is wrapped up at big tree trunk and the nearly trunk of one-level branch with straw rope after completing,
Avoiding strong sunlight direct projection and hot dry wind to blow, reduce the moisture evaporation of tree body, hot summer can spray water on straw rope and tree body,
Regulation branch humiture, necessarily sprays even, it is to avoid make root hydrops under water droplet during water spray；
105) preventing and treating of pest and disease damage: after landscape engineering completes, running check, to put prevention first, prevents and treats in time,
Symptomatic medicine.
Coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described preservative is for whitewashing mixed paint
Or lime cream.
Coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fertilising that described " alkali ground is precious " is fertile
Method is: (1) spreads fertilizer over the fields, 35～45g/m2, then use rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stir, (2) are planted plant hole hole and are executed, diameter
The kind plant hole usage amount 20～25g of 1.2～1.7m, stirs with backfill soil, standby.
Coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the fertilizing method of described farm manure is:
Uniformly being spread fertilizer over the fields on soil by the farm manure become thoroughly decomposed, thickness is about 15～20cm, uses rotary cultivator rotary tillage, stirs.
Coast saline-alkali soil forestation technology the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described salt discharging pipe is ripple blind pipe.
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| CN109679662A (en) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-26 | 北京嘉博文生物科技有限公司 | A kind of modifying agent and modification method suitable for different soil fertility horizontal soil earth |
| CN112931120A (en) * | 2021-01-29 | 2021-06-11 | 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
| CN115004982A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-06 | 威海智洁环保技术有限公司 | Low-carbon, environment-friendly and efficient saline-alkali soil restoration method based on radiation refrigeration |
| CN115385745A (en) * | 2022-09-17 | 2022-11-25 | 山东省农业科学院 | Preparation method of mixed fertilizer for improving coastal saline-alkali soil |
| CN115486230A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-20 | 上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司 | Coastal area ecological remediation system |
| CN115536462A (en) * | 2022-09-12 | 2022-12-30 | 徐妍 | Microbial remediation preparation for industrial contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
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| CN115004982A (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2022-09-06 | 威海智洁环保技术有限公司 | Low-carbon, environment-friendly and efficient saline-alkali soil restoration method based on radiation refrigeration |
| CN115004982B (en) * | 2022-07-22 | 2023-06-09 | 威海智洁环保技术有限公司 | Low-carbon environment-friendly efficient saline-alkali soil restoration method based on radiation refrigeration |
| CN115486230A (en) * | 2022-09-01 | 2022-12-20 | 上海市园林设计研究总院有限公司 | Coastal area ecological remediation system |
| CN115536462A (en) * | 2022-09-12 | 2022-12-30 | 徐妍 | Microbial remediation preparation for industrial contaminated soil and preparation method thereof |
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