CN112931120A - Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN112931120A CN112931120A CN202110129726.5A CN202110129726A CN112931120A CN 112931120 A CN112931120 A CN 112931120A CN 202110129726 A CN202110129726 A CN 202110129726A CN 112931120 A CN112931120 A CN 112931120A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
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- 235000001484 Trigonella foenum graecum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
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- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 25
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- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 6
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- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
-
- A01G13/0275—
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Soil Working Implements (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil planting, in particular to a method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil. The method comprises the following steps: saline-alkali soil improvement, soil plough layer reconstruction, fenugreek planting and field management; soil plough layer reconsitution includes: after the saline-alkali soil is improved, rotary tillage, straw laying, salt resistance pipe laying, ridging and film covering are carried out; laying salt-resistant pipes, namely laying the salt-resistant pipes with the diameters of 2-6 cm along the laying direction of the straws, wherein the interval between every two adjacent salt-resistant pipes is 20-30 cm, and water outlet holes are formed in the salt-resistant pipes at intervals of 10-20 cm along the length direction. The invention provides a compound mode of saline-alkali soil improvement and no-tillage by modifying micro-terrain in a mode of combining ridging and drainage systems and combining measures of film mulching, covering and multipurpose salt blocking pipes, and the invention ensures that plants such as fenugreek which are extremely sensitive to saline and alkali can smoothly grow on the saline-alkali soil and the yield is also obviously improved by various measures of improving the water retention capacity of the soil and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of saline-alkali soil planting, in particular to a method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The yellow river delta area is a typical coastal saline-alkali land, the forming time is short, the area of the saline-alkali land is large, the saline-alkali land is influenced by salt, the current farmland is mainly a medium-low yield field, and the economic benefit for planting traditional crops is low, so that how to improve the saline-alkali land and configuring a saline-alkali land improvement and planting mode for planting high-added-value agricultural products is one of important ways for improving the economic benefit of the saline-alkali land. In the prior art, various saline-alkali soil improvement methods exist, but the general method is complex, the soil needs to be subjected to salt elimination treatment every year due to salt movement, the soil is disturbed, a stable and effective structure cannot be formed, the cost is high, and the method is difficult to be practically applied to large-area crop planting. A novel saline-alkali land farmland improvement scheme combining salt reduction and no-tillage is urgently needed.
The fenugreek is a barren-resistant and drought-resistant crop, and the fruits of the fenugreek are extremely important industrial raw materials, are widely applied to the petroleum industry, the furniture industry, the food industry and the pharmaceutical industry, are high-quality pasture, can improve the meat quality of livestock, but have weak salt tolerance and waterlogging tolerance. Therefore, reasonable improvement measures are needed to plant the fenugreek so as to improve the economic benefit of low-yield fields in coastal saline-alkali soil. And at present, no technical means for improving coastal saline-alkali soil for fenugreek planting exists.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil. By paving the salt blocking pipe in the soil plough layer reconstruction process, repeated ploughing (no-tillage) measures in the subsequent planting process can be omitted after primary ploughing and fertilizing, disturbance to surface soil is reduced, the structure of the soil is effectively maintained, the saline-alkali soil improvement effect is improved, and meanwhile the cost of saline-alkali soil improvement is reduced.
In a first aspect, the invention provides a method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps:
saline-alkali soil improvement, soil plough layer reconstruction, fenugreek planting and field management;
the soil plough layer reconstruction comprises: after the saline-alkali soil is improved, carrying out rotary tillage, straw laying, salt resistance pipe laying, ridging and film covering;
the salt-resistant pipes are laid along the straw laying direction, the salt-resistant pipes with the diameters of 2-6 cm are laid, the interval between every two adjacent salt-resistant pipes is 20-30 cm, and water outlet holes are formed in the salt-resistant pipes along the length direction at intervals of 10-20 cm.
The salt-resistant pipe used by the invention can be a single-wall corrugated PE pipe, and the outer surface of the salt-resistant pipe is wound with geotextile.
In the saline-alkali soil improvement method in the prior art, soil needs to be disturbed frequently, so that the soil structure is damaged frequently, crop growth is not facilitated, and cultivation cost is increased. The multifunctional salt-blocking pipe is paved, so that the salt-blocking, water-supplementing and fertilizer-supplementing effects can be realized, no-tillage farming protective measures can be realized, and disturbance to surface soil is reduced.
Further, the field management comprises:
when the soil moisture content of crops is poor, the soil moisture is supplemented through the salt-blocking pipe; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
fertilizing through the salt-resistant pipe when crops need to be fertilized; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
draining water through the salt-resistant pipe when excessive precipitation occurs; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
before the soil is frozen, water is poured into the soil body through the salt blocking pipe, so that the water is frozen in the soil body, and an ice layer is formed.
The multipurpose salt-blocking pipe laid by the invention has the effect that when the soil moisture content of crops in the growing period is not good, the soil moisture content is supplemented through the pipe; in the period of fertilizer requirement for crop growth, water flush fertilizer and other trace elements are applied through the pipe to supplement soil nutrients; when rainfall is excessive in rainy season, the drainage function is achieved; before the soil is frozen in winter, enough water is poured into the pipe, water is diffused into the soil body through the outlet, the surrounding soil body is filled with water, the water is frozen in the soil body, an ice layer is formed, and the effect of effectively isolating upward migration of underground salt is achieved.
Further, the saline-alkali soil improvement comprises the following steps: applying saline-alkali soil improvement materials and base fertilizers on a saline-alkali soil farmland; the saline-alkali soil improvement material comprises: desulfurized gypsum, rice chaff, a rice chaff decomposition microbial inoculum and a soil loosening agent.
Further, the application amount of the desulfurized gypsum is 1-3 tons/mu; the application amount of the rice chaff is 1-3 tons/mu; the application amount of the rice chaff decomposition microbial inoculum is 1-2 kg/mu; the application amount of the soil scarifier is 1-2 kg/mu.
Further, the base fertilizer comprises 15-25 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 30-50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer and 15-25 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer.
Further, the saline-alkali soil improvement material and the base fertilizer are applied by a strip application method, and the strip application distance is 1-1.2 m.
The invention provides spraying of the desulfurized gypsum, the rice chaff, the soil loosening agent and the decomposition agent, and combines a strip application mode, so that the structure of the soil is changed, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the effectiveness of the soil fertilizer is improved. Compared with a direct planting mode, the soil fertility is improved, and the growth of the fenugreek is promoted. In addition, the utilization of the slow and controlled release fertilizer also saves the link of topdressing and applying fertilizer.
Further, before the application of the saline-alkali soil improvement material and the base fertilizer, land leveling, building of a drainage system and irrigation and salt washing are also included.
Further, land leveling includes: and leveling the land blocks by adopting a land leveling machine. Land leveling can effectively avoid water accumulation in the field in rainy season.
Further, the construction drainage system includes: the method is characterized in that 1 mu of land is taken as 1 unit, soil ditches with the depth of 0.4-0.6 m, the width of the upper cross section of 1-1.1 m and the width of the lower cross section of 0.3-0.4 m are dug around a field block to serve as drainage ditches, soil generated by ditching is moved to the outer side of the field block, and smoothness of the field and the drainage ditches is guaranteed.
And further, before and after rainwater (traditional Chinese solar terms) is poured and washed, the whole field is soaked in water with the depth of 30-40 cm by adopting a method of pouring water and discharging salt, rotary tillage is carried out in the soaked field by adopting a tractor with the depth of 30-40 cm, salt and alkali in a surface soil body is fully dissolved in water, and after the water is clear, the water in the whole field is discharged out of the field through the drainage ditch.
Further, the laying of straw comprises: and paving the corn straws and/or the sorghum straws at the density of 8-12 straws per meter.
Further, the rotary tillage is banded rotary tillage, preferably a banded rotary cultivator is adopted, and the saline-alkali soil improvement material and the base fertilizer which are applied in strips are subjected to rotary tillage to enter the soil.
Further, after ridging, the height of each ridge is 0.2-0.3 m, the width of an upper ridge surface is 0.8-1 m, the width of a lower ridge surface is 1.2-1.4 m, and the width of a lower furrow is 0.8-1 m;
further, the coating film includes: covering the ridges with a double-white degradable mulching film; the double-white degradable mulching film is preferably 1.2-1.4 m wide and can be paved again every year.
According to the invention, the ridges are formed after the straws are laid, and the straws play a role in isolating the rise of soil salinity on the lower layer; can also decay to provide nutrients for crops. The multipurpose salt blocking pipe plays a role in supplying water and fertilizer on the lower layer, prevents the possibility of upward movement of the salt of the lower layer soil, and can realize a no-tillage protective tillage mode for saline and alkaline land. The method has the advantages of one-time improvement, long-term planting, cost saving and avoidance of damage to physical composition of constructed plough layer soil. According to the invention, the micro-terrain is reformed by combining the ridging and drainage systems, so that the salinity of the soil is reduced, the soil fertility is increased, the microenvironment for plant growth is shaped, and the influence of accumulated water in rainy seasons is avoided.
Further, the fenugreek planting comprises: and (4) sowing on the reconstructed soil plough layer, wherein the row spacing is 45-55 cm, and the inter-plant distance is 15-20 cm.
Further, the sowing is to sow fenugreek seeds on the ridges in a hole mode, and each hole is sown with 3-5 seeds.
Further, after the sowing, the method also comprises the following steps: covering the furrows with straws. The straw is adopted for covering, so that the advantages of wide source, environmental friendliness and cost saving are achieved; the soil below the soil is layered, so that the evaporation of the earth surface is reduced; can provide nutrients for crops after decomposition.
The method further combines the measures of film covering and covering, reduces the evaporation of the earth surface, avoids the migration of soil salt along with water, lightens the stress effect of the salt on the fenugreek, increases the water retention of the soil, effectively ensures the soil moisture content, and reduces the influence of weather reasons on the growth of crops compared with the mode of direct film covering planting. The multi-purpose salt blocking pipe can ensure the supplement of water and nutrients of soil on the upper plough layer, and can prevent the salt under the pipe from moving upwards in autumn and winter, thereby playing an important role in no-tillage of the soil on the plough layer and reducing the subsequent investment.
Further, field management is also included after the fenugreek is planted; the field management comprises the following steps: preventing insects or supplementing soil moisture.
Further, the saline-alkali soil is a soil with the salt content of 4-6 per mill, the soil organic matter content of 1-9 g/kg, the soil quick-acting phosphorus content of 10-50 mg/kg, the soil quick-acting potassium content of 50-400 mg/kg and the pH value of 7.5-9.5.
The invention has the following beneficial effects:
the method improves the saline-alkali soil through the saline-alkali soil improvement material and the base fertilizer, reforms the microtopography in a mode of combining ridging and a drainage system, improves the water retention capacity of the soil and other measures by combining the measures of film covering, covering and multipurpose salt blocking pipes, and provides an effective and convenient planting environment for the fenugreek.
The method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil provided by the invention has the advantages that the investment is not very high under the coordination of professional machinery, the improvement effect can be lasting for a long time, and excessive components for changing the original soil physical composition are not introduced. Once input, under the condition of planting in successive years, the soil quality and the crop yield can be effectively improved, and a no-tillage protective farming method for saline-alkali soil is provided. The invention provides a saving, effective and convenient reference for improving the prior saline-alkali soil and planting other crops with poor salt tolerance and high added value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of fenugreek planting in coastal saline-alkali soil according to example 1 of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a drainage ditch; 2. soil heaps outside the field; 3. carrying out banded rotary tillage; 4. crop straw; 5. ridging; 6. double white mulching film; 7. a straw cover; 8. a salt blocking pipe; 9. and (7) water outlet holes.
Detailed Description
The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
The saline-alkali soil in the following embodiment is coastal saline-alkali soil of yellow river delta, the salt content is 4 per mill to 6 per mill, the organic matter content of the soil is 4.18g/kg, the total nitrogen of the soil is 0.54g/kg, the quick-acting phosphorus of the soil is 25.48mg/kg, the quick-acting potassium of the soil is 99.62mg/kg, the pH value of the soil is 7.91, and the soil in the local area is saline-alkali soil which is relatively lack of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients and low in organic matter content.
Example 1 reconstruction of saline-alkali soil plough layer for planting fenugreek
Fig. 1 is a schematic view of reconstructing a soil plough layer for planting fenugreek in a coastal saline-alkali soil provided by this embodiment, and in combination with the reconstructed soil plough layer shown in fig. 1, the present invention provides a method for planting fenugreek in a saline-alkali soil, which specifically includes:
1. and (3) land parcel arrangement: including land leveling and building drainage systems.
Land leveling, namely leveling land parcels by adopting a land leveling machine to avoid water accumulation in the field in rainy season.
A drainage system is built, soil ditches with the depth of 0.5m, the width of the upper cross section of 1m and the width of the lower cross section of 30cm are dug around a field block by taking mu as a unit to serve as drainage ditches 1, soil generated by ditching is moved to the outer side 2 of the field block, and smoothness of the field and the drainage ditches is guaranteed.
2. Irrigating and washing salt: before and after rainwater is saved, the whole field is soaked in water with the water depth of 30cm by adopting a method of irrigation and salt discharge, rotary tillage is carried out in the field by adopting a tractor with the rotary tillage depth of 30cm, salt and alkali in a surface soil body are fully dissolved in water, and after the water becomes clear, the water in the whole field is discharged into an alkali discharge ditch through a drainage ditch 1.
3. After the soil is dried, 1m is taken as an interval, desulfurized gypsum and rice chaff are applied in strips, a special microbial inoculum for decomposing the rice chaff is sprayed, and meanwhile, base fertilizer, namely nitrogen fertilizer, compound fertilizer and controlled release fertilizer, is applied in strips to treat the land mass and is subjected to banded rotary tillage treatment.
Wherein the dosage of the desulfurized gypsum is 2 tons/mu, the dosage of the rice chaff is 2 tons/mu, and the decay microbial inoculum is a commercially available microbial inoculum and the dosage is 1 kg/mu.
Wherein, the nitrogen fertilizer is 20 kg/mu, the application amount of the compound fertilizer is 40 kg/mu, and the controlled release fertilizer is 20 kg/mu.
And (3) after the treatment of the banded rotary tillage 3, paving straws 4 at the rotary tillage position, namely paving straws of corn, sorghum and the like along the rotary tillage direction, wherein the density of the paved straws is 10 straws per meter width. Then 3 salt-resistant pipes 8(PE pipes) with the diameter of 3cm are placed at intervals of 30cm along the straw laying direction, water outlet holes 9 are formed in the pipes every 10cm, and the pipes are connected with the water and fertilizer integrated equipment.
And (5) ridging the soil after rotary tillage by a ridger, wherein the ridge width is 1 m. The furrow is connected with the drainage ditch.
And (4) film covering treatment, namely covering a double-white mulching film 6 (black film for preventing grass from growing and sowing seeds at white film) with the width of 1.2 m.
After film covering, dibbling is carried out on the white film by a dibbler, the row spacing is 50cm, the plant spacing is 15cm, and 3-5 seeds are planted in each hole.
After sowing, rice chaff 7 is covered in the furrow to avoid the evaporation treatment of the soil.
The later management of fenugreek is matched, and the later management comprises insect prevention, soil moisture supplement and the like.
After the soil plough layer is reconstructed (the treatment group), the invention analyzes the soil physical and chemical property change and the crop growth condition of the control group (the original soil plough layer), and finds that the salt content of the soil is reduced to 2.39 per mill from 5.09 per mill, and the organic matter content of the soil is increased to 5.89g/kg from 4.18 g/kg. The emergence rate is increased from 70% to 80%. After 1 month of emergence, the control group is 33cm, and the treatment group is 51cm, which shows that the method for planting the fenugreek in the saline-alkali soil can improve the soil environment and is beneficial to the growth of the fenugreek.
TABLE 1 statistics of soil physicochemical properties and fenugreek growth of treatment and control groups
| Treatment group | Control group | |
| Soil salt content (‰) | 2.39 | 5.09 |
| Soil organic matter (g/kg) | 5.89 | 4.18 |
| Rate of emergence (%) | 80 | 70 |
| Height of seedling after 1 month (cm) | 51 | 33 |
Although the invention has been described in detail hereinabove with respect to a general description and specific embodiments thereof, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications or improvements may be made thereto based on the invention. Accordingly, such modifications and improvements are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (10)
1. A method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
saline-alkali soil improvement, soil plough layer reconstruction, fenugreek planting and field management;
the soil plough layer reconstruction comprises: after the saline-alkali soil is improved, carrying out rotary tillage, straw laying, salt resistance pipe laying, ridging and film covering;
the salt-resistant pipes are laid along the straw laying direction, the salt-resistant pipes with the diameters of 2-6 cm are laid, the interval between every two adjacent salt-resistant pipes is 20-30 cm, and water outlet holes are formed in the salt-resistant pipes along the length direction at intervals of 10-20 cm.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said field management comprises:
when the soil moisture content of crops is poor, the soil moisture is supplemented through the salt-blocking pipe; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
fertilizing through the salt-resistant pipe when crops need to be fertilized; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
draining water through the salt-resistant pipe when excessive precipitation occurs; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
before the soil is frozen, water is poured into the soil body through the salt blocking pipe to freeze the water in the soil body, so that an ice layer is formed, and salt return is prevented.
3. The method as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the salt-resistant pipe is a single-wall corrugated PE pipe, and the outer surface of the salt-resistant pipe is wrapped with geotextile.
4. The method of claim 1, wherein the saline-alkali land improvement comprises: applying saline-alkali soil improvement materials and base fertilizers on a saline-alkali soil farmland; the saline-alkali soil improvement material comprises: desulfurized gypsum, rice chaff, a rice chaff decomposition microbial inoculum and a soil loosening agent.
5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the application amount of the desulfurized gypsum is 1 to 3 tons/mu; the application amount of the rice chaff is 1-3 tons/mu; the application amount of the rice chaff decomposition microbial inoculum is 1-2 kg/mu, and the application amount of the soil loosening agent is 1-2 kg/mu.
6. The method according to claim 4 or 5, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 15-25 kg/mu of nitrogen fertilizer, 30-50 kg/mu of compound fertilizer, and 15-25 kg/mu of controlled release fertilizer.
7. The method of claim 1,
the straw laying method comprises the following steps: paving corn straws and/or sorghum straws at a density of 8-12 straws per meter; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
after ridging, the height of each ridge is 0.2-0.3 m, the width of an upper ridge surface is 0.8-1 m, the width of a lower ridge surface is 1.2-1.4 m, and the width of a lower furrow is 0.8-1 m; and/or the presence of a gas in the gas,
the coating film includes: covering the ridges with a double-white mulching film.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein said fenugreek planting comprises: and (4) sowing on the reconstructed soil plough layer, wherein the row spacing is 45-55 cm, and the inter-plant distance is 15-20 cm.
9. The method of claim 8, further comprising, after said seeding: covering the furrows with straws.
10. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the saline-alkali soil is a land with a salt content of 4-6 per mill, a soil organic matter content of 1-9 g/kg, a soil available phosphorus content of 10-50 mg/kg, a soil available potassium content of 50-400 mg/kg, and a pH value of 7.5-9.5.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110129726.5A CN112931120B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202110129726.5A CN112931120B (en) | 2021-01-29 | 2021-01-29 | Method for planting fenugreek in saline-alkali soil |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN114097596A (en) * | 2021-12-29 | 2022-03-01 | 河北健加乐鸭业有限公司 | Method for planting vegetables in saline-alkali soil by utilizing nutrient medium |
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