CN114073215A - Sand stabilization method for alternate planting of grass sand barrier and cyperus esculentus in sand land degradation region - Google Patents

Sand stabilization method for alternate planting of grass sand barrier and cyperus esculentus in sand land degradation region Download PDF

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CN114073215A
CN114073215A CN202111357321.3A CN202111357321A CN114073215A CN 114073215 A CN114073215 A CN 114073215A CN 202111357321 A CN202111357321 A CN 202111357321A CN 114073215 A CN114073215 A CN 114073215A
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cyperus esculentus
sand
grass
planting
stubble
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CN114073215B (en
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王典
申建设
曲云飞
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/133—Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention discloses a sand stabilizing method for alternate planting of grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus in a sand land degradation area, and belongs to the technical field of environmental protection and agricultural planting. The method presses the grass sand barrier in a strip shape in the sand storm area, the cyperus esculentus is planted in the grass sand barrier, and the planting strips are divided into stubble leaving strips and full harvest strips which are distributed at intervals. The grass sand barrier can reduce the loss of soil on the ground surface, reduce the scale and degree of wind erosion, maintain the water content of soil particles on the ground surface, provide a relatively stable local environment for the growth of the cyperus esculentus, and improve the survival rate of the cyperus esculentus. The cyperus esculentus harvesting belt is used for harvesting stems and leaves and tubers, the stubble-remaining belt is used for harvesting only the stems and leaves, the harvested stems and leaves are used as grass sand barrier materials and high-quality pasture, the tubers can be used as pollution-free agricultural products, the stubble-remaining belt with the stems and leaves can prevent wind and fix sand, and the economic benefit and the ecological benefit are high.

Description

Sand stabilization method for alternate planting of grass sand barrier and cyperus esculentus in sand land degradation region
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of environmental protection and agricultural planting, in particular to a sand stabilizing method for alternate planting of grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus in a sand land degradation region.
Background
Desertification is caused by unreasonable human activities acting on a fragile ecological environment and is manifested by reduced land productivity, loss of land resource functions and land degeneration presenting a desertification landscape. As one of the countries in the world with large desert area, wide distribution and serious desertification hazard, the desertification rate of the land in China is continuously accelerated and is in an expanded situation. Therefore, how to effectively prevent the grassland desertification is a difficult problem to be solved.
Cyperus esculentus, also known as Cyperus esculentus, is a herbaceous plant of the family Cyperus, originally produced in Africa and Mediterranean coasts, and distributed in all continents except the oceania and Antarctica. The cyperus esculentus has the characteristics of waterlogging tolerance, drought tolerance, barren tolerance, saline-alkali tolerance, high content of oil starch and the like, and has the characteristics of good adaptability, strong stress resistance, outstanding yield, excellent oil quality and the like; the whole cyperus esculentus can also be used as green manure, particularly tubers can be used as excellent organic fertilizer, so that the cyperus esculentus can be used as fragile ecological system bioremediation plants such as wind prevention, sand fixation, soil fertility cultivation and the like.
At present, the wind prevention and sand fixation engineering in China mainly adopts various effective technical means to reduce the sand content in airflow, slow down the surface wind speed, prevent the expansion of sand dunes and reduce the damage caused by sand. The most basic method for wind prevention and sand fixation is to arrange a sand barrier, which comprises the following materials: clay sand barriers, fence sand barriers and grass grid sand barriers; the construction forms are as follows: vertical sand barriers, tiled sand barriers, and the like. The project of 'wind prevention and sand fixation grass grid laying robot' of the national 863 plan born by the northeast forestry university of the existing sand control machinery opens the precedent of research and development of sand fixation forestation mechanical instruments. The Gansu Jian invests in a multifunctional three-dimensional sand fixation vehicle which is independently researched and manufactured by equipment manufacturing company. The sand stabilization vehicle mainly comprises four modules of a desert cross-country chassis, a forage loading device, a forage conveying device and an operation device, and the sand stabilization vehicle can stably and continuously operate through the modules. However, how to effectively combine mechanical sand fixation with biological sand control is still an important problem to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a sand fixing method for alternately planting grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus in a sand land degradation region, which effectively combines mechanical sand fixing and biological sand control and can obtain higher economic and ecological benefits.
The invention provides a sand stabilizing method for alternately planting grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus in a sand land degradation area, which comprises the following steps of: and laying a grass sand barrier, planting cyperus esculentus among grass sand barrier zones, dividing the cyperus esculentus planting zones into full-harvest zones and stubble-remaining zones at intervals, and harvesting at intervals.
Preferably, the grass sand barrier is inserted into a sand layer by 12-18 cm, and the height of the grass sand barrier exposed out of the ground is 20-25 cm.
Preferably, the cyperus esculentus is planted in the late April or the last May by using a hill-drop method.
Preferably, the method for accelerating germination of cyperus esculentus comprises the following steps: drying the cyperus esculentus seeds for 1-2 days, soaking the cyperus esculentus seeds for 1-2 days by warm water at 35-45 ℃, and accumulating and accelerating germination for 2-3 days at normal temperature until the length of the buds is 0.5-0.8 mm.
Preferably, the planting depth of the cyperus esculentus is 3-5 mm, the plant spacing is 18-22 cm, and the row spacing is 40-50 cm.
Preferably, before the first year of planting of the cyperus esculentus, deep ploughing and ridging are carried out, watering is carried out, and organic fertilizer is applied additionally.
Preferably, the organic fertilizer is prepared from a decomposition agent: water: organic fertilizer raw materials are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 550-620: 900-1100, and decomposing at 75-80 ℃ for 18-22 days to obtain the fertilizer; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 6-7% of cyperus esculentus tubers, 30-40% of cyperus esculentus stems and leaves, 20-25% of sarcandra glabra and 30-40% of alfalfa.
Preferably, the full-harvesting belt is used for harvesting cyperus esculentus and stems and leaves, the stubble-remaining belt is used for harvesting only stems and leaves, and the height of the stubble-remaining belt is 10-12 cm.
Preferably, no-tillage seeding is carried out on the original stubble remaining belt in the next year, hole seeding is carried out on the full-harvest belt, the original harvest belt is changed into the stubble remaining belt in the harvest period, and the original stubble remaining belt is changed into the full-harvest belt.
Preferably, the laying direction of the grass sand barriers and the extending direction of the cyperus esculentus planting belt are perpendicular to the main wind direction of the planting field.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme of the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the cyperus esculentus is planted between the grass sand barriers, and the grass sand barriers are rotten along with time, so that the propagation growth of microorganisms and the decomposition of organic matters can be promoted, and good ecosystem circulation is formed. Meanwhile, the grass sand barrier can absorb and retain rainwater, and slow down the evaporation speed of water in sandy soil so as to reduce the loss degree of soil on the earth surface; the grass sand barrier can increase the roughness of the earth surface and slow down the flow speed of the airflow close to the earth surface so as to reduce the scale and degree of wind erosion. According to the method, the grass sand barriers and the cyperus esculentus are alternately planted, the grass sand barriers can keep the water content of soil particles on the ground surface, a relatively stable local environment is provided for the growth of the cyperus esculentus, and the survival rate of the cyperus esculentus is improved.
The cyperus esculentus planting belt is divided into a full-harvest belt and a stubble-remaining belt at intervals, stem leaves and tubers are harvested in the full-harvest belt, only the stem leaves are harvested in the stubble-remaining belt, the harvested stem leaves are reserved as grass sand barrier materials and high-quality pasture, and the harvested tubers can be used as pollution-free agricultural products to obtain higher economic benefits. And the stubble belt can also achieve the purposes of wind prevention and sand fixation, and is beneficial to wind prevention and sand fixation after the cyperus esculentus is harvested and before sowing in the next spring.
The grass sand barrier and the cyperus esculentus are alternately planted in the sand land degradation area, so that the effect of the grass square sand barrier on fixing and blocking quicksand is prolonged, the dependence of biological sand fixing measures on water source guarantee is overcome, wind and sand can be effectively prevented, desertification of the sand land degradation area is avoided, and higher ecological benefit is obtained.
The sand fixation method for alternately planting the grass sand barriers and the cyperus esculentus can reduce the investment of manpower and material resources, and the planting and harvesting operations are mechanized, so that the large-scale mechanized application can be realized.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a diagram of an alternate planting pattern of grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus;
fig. 2 is a flow chart of the implementation of the cyperus esculentus planting, harvesting and grass sand barrier laying.
Detailed Description
The invention provides a sand stabilizing method for alternately planting grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus in a sand land degradation area, which comprises the following steps of: and laying a grass sand barrier, planting cyperus esculentus among grass sand barrier zones, dividing the cyperus esculentus planting zones into full-harvest zones and stubble-remaining zones at intervals, and harvesting at intervals.
According to the method, the cyperus esculentus is planted after the grass sand barriers are laid in the planting field, the grass sand barriers are inserted into the sand layers by 12-18 cm, and the height of the exposed ground is 20-25 cm. The depth of the grass sand barrier inserted into the sand layer is preferably 14-16 cm, and more preferably 15 cm; the height of the grass sand barrier exposed out of the ground is preferably 22-24 cm, and more preferably 23 cm. According to the method, the wind power of the ground surface of the planting field is weakened by paving the grass sand barriers, and the evaporation speed of water in sandy soil is slowed down, so that the normal growth of the cyperus esculentus planted between the bands of the grass sand barriers is ensured.
In the invention, the grass sand barrier can be paved mechanically, so that manpower and material resources are saved. As an optional implementation mode, the multifunctional three-dimensional sand stabilization vehicle developed by Beijing forestry university can be used for paving the grass grid sand barrier. The concrete laying mode of the grass sand barrier is not limited.
In the invention, the reserved width between two parallel grass sand barrier belts is 1-2 m, preferably 1.2-1.5 m, and the length of the grass sand barrier belt is determined according to the size of a planting field. According to the method, the width of the grass sand barrier between the zones is controlled, so that the weakening degree of the grass sand barrier to the wind power of the ground surface can be improved, and stable growth of the cyperus esculentus planted between the zones is facilitated.
The source of the grass square of the grass sand barrier is not particularly limited, and as an optional embodiment, the grass square takes cyperus esculentus stems and leaves as raw materials.
In the invention, the laying date of the grass sand barrier is in late April, and the sowing date of the cyperus esculentus is from late April to early May. By paving the grass sand barriers in advance, the water retention capacity of the planting field can be improved, the water content of soil particles on the surface of the planting field can be improved, a relatively stable local environment is provided for the growth of the cyperus esculentus, and the survival rate of the cyperus esculentus is improved.
In the invention, the laying direction of the grass sand barriers and the extending direction of the planting belts of the cyperus esculentus are both vertical to the main wind direction of the planting field.
The cyperus esculentus is planted in the reserved zone between the grass sand barrier zones, 1-2 granules are planted in each hole in a hole sowing mode, and 2-4 ridges of cyperus esculentus are planted according to the specification of the grass sand barrier. In the invention, 1.2-2 ten thousand seedlings per mu are suitable.
In the invention, the cyperus esculentus needs to be subjected to pregermination before being planted, and the pregermination method comprises the following steps: drying the cyperus esculentus seeds for 1-2 days, soaking the cyperus esculentus seeds for 1-2 days by warm water at 35-45 ℃, and accumulating and accelerating germination for 2-3 days at normal temperature until the length of the buds is 0.5-0.8 mm. As an optional implementation mode, the cyperus esculentus seeds which are uniform in particle size, large in stem and fruit, free of mildew and worm damage and beneficial to ecological management are selected, the cyperus esculentus seeds are firstly dried for 1-2 days before sowing to improve the germination capacity and the seedling emergence quality, and the dry tubers are soaked for 1-2 days in warm water at 38-40 ℃ due to thick and hard skins, so that the dry tubers are fully swollen by absorbing water, and the water is changed for 1-2 times every day in the period. And (3) soaking the seeds until no wrinkles exist on the surface, taking out the seeds, putting the seeds in a straw bag or a basket, stacking the seeds together, covering the straw bag or the straw bag, accelerating germination at normal temperature, washing the seeds for 2-3 times with warm water at the temperature of 30-40 ℃ every day, and accelerating germination to 0.5-0.8 mm after 2-3 days, so that the seeds can be used for planting.
The germination accelerating method can lead the germination rate of the cyperus esculentus to reach more than 60 percent. The germination accelerating mode can effectively improve the survival rate and the yield of the cyperus esculentus plants. In the process of accelerating germination, an iron container is strictly forbidden when tubers are soaked so as to prevent the tubers from being germinated.
The planting depth of the cyperus esculentus is 3-5 mm, the plant spacing is 18-22 cm, and the row spacing is 40-50 cm. The planting depth is preferably 4mm, the planting distance is preferably 20cm, and the row distance is preferably 45 cm. The planting density of the cyperus esculentus provided by the invention can effectively weaken the wind power on the ground surface, has a good sand fixing effect, can meet the requirement of the cyperus esculentus on a water source, and can avoid the phenomenon of plant death caused by over-dense planting, incapability of guaranteeing the water source and the like.
Before the cyperus esculentus is planted for the first year, deep ploughing and ridging are needed, watering is carried out, and organic fertilizer is applied additionally. The deep ploughing depth is 20-30 cm, and preferably 25-28 cm; the watering amount is 800-1200 m3/hm3(ii) a Preferably 1000m3/hm3(ii) a The fertilizing amount is 1400-1600 kg/mu, and is preferably 1500 kg/mu. The invention can provide good land conditions for the cyperus esculentus by land preparation and fertilization so as to ensure the normal growth of cyperus esculentus plants.
The organic fertilizer provided by the invention is prepared from the following organic fertilizer raw materials: a decomposing inoculant: water is mixed according to the mass ratio of 900-1100: 3-5: 550-620, wherein the mass ratio is preferably 1000:4: 600; wherein the composting condition is stacking and composting for 18-22 days at 75-80 ℃, and preferably for 20 days.
According to the invention, the organic fertilizer comprises, by mass, 6-8% of cyperus esculentus tubers, 30-40% of cyperus esculentus stem leaves, 20-25% of sarcandra glabra and 30-40% of alfalfa. Further preferably 7% of cyperus esculentus tuber, 36% of cyperus esculentus stem and leaf, 21% of sarwana and 36% of alfalfa.
The stubble remaining belt can adopt a no-tillage seeding mode after the next year, and deep tillage is carried out again for one time after the cyperus esculentus is planted for 3-4 years.
The method carries out intertillage weeding after the cyperus esculentus is planted. As an optional implementation mode, when the seedlings are exposed to the ground for 5-20 cm, weeding is carried out, and the soil is harrowed by using a short harrow.
The method is used for cutting stems and leaves during the growth period of the cyperus esculentus, wherein the stems and leaves are cut for 2-3 times in the growth period, and the cutting height is 1/3-1/2 of the height of a plant each time. The stem leaves cut during the growth period of the cyperus esculentus can be used as green feed for livestock raising, and can also be dried in the sun to prepare grass squares.
The invention carries out watering irrigation at the tillering stage and the fruit expanding stage. The watering irrigation amount in the tillering stage is 900-1100 m3/hm3Preferably 1000m3/hm3(ii) a The watering irrigation quantity in the fruit expanding period is 1100-1300 m3/hm3Preferably 1000m3/hm3(ii) a . The method can ensure the soil humidity of the planting field and improve the yield of the cyperus esculentus by watering and irrigating the cyperus esculentus in the tillering stage and the fruit expanding stage.
The invention carries out topdressing in the tillering stage and the fruit expanding stage. 12-15 kg/hm of urea is added in the tillering stage and the fruit expanding stage respectively2And 280-300 kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2. The invention can provide sufficient nutrient substances for the growth of the cyperus esculentus plants and improve the yield of the cyperus esculentus by additional fertilizer in the tillering stage and the fruit expansion stage of the cyperus esculentus.
The method repairs the grass sand barriers in time at the tillering stage and the fruit expansion stage of the cyperus esculentus, and as an optional implementation mode, the method artificially presses the grass grids on damaged and failed grass grids. So as to avoid the damage of the grass sand barrier to cause the reduction of the wind-proof sand-fixing capability and the death of the cyperus esculentus plants.
According to the method, the cyperus esculentus planting belts are divided into full-harvest belts and stubble-remaining belts at intervals in the first year, the full-harvest belts are used for harvesting cyperus esculentus and stem leaves, the stubble-remaining belts are used for harvesting only the stem leaves, and the height of stubble is 10-12 cm. According to the method, the stubble-remaining belts are arranged in an interval harvesting mode, the height of the stubble is not less than 10cm, the wind prevention and sand fixation purposes can be achieved, and the wind prevention and sand fixation are facilitated after the cyperus esculentus is harvested and before the cyperus esculentus is sowed in the next spring.
In the second year of planting cyperus esculentus, no-tillage seeding is carried out on the original stubble remaining belt, hole seeding is carried out on the full harvest belt, the original harvest belt is changed into the stubble remaining belt in the harvest period, and the original stubble remaining belt is changed into the full harvest belt. The full-harvest belt adopts a mode of planting cyperus esculentus in the first year for hole sowing.
The harvesting time of the cyperus esculentus is required to be carried out when the stem leaves 2/3 are withered yellow and tubers turn yellow brown and the outer skins are hard, and the cyperus esculentus is preferably harvested on sunny days.
According to the method, in the third year of planting of the cyperus esculentus, alternate planting is carried out, and the grass sand barriers are paved again, wherein the raw material of the grass sand barriers is preferably cyperus esculentus hay. The invention needs to regularly supplement grass to the degraded zone of the grass sand barrier in the rotation period so as to improve the wind-proof sand-fixing capability and provide the growing environment of the cyperus esculentus.
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention, and not restrictive of the full scope of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Taking the Gansu Jingtai county Fengshan area as a test area, planting the cyperus esculentus:
(1) laying a grass sand barrier:
in late April, a multifunctional solid sand stabilization vehicle developed by Beijing university of forestry is adopted to lay grass square sand barriers, the size and width of the grass square sand barriers are 1m, the grass is scattered into a sand layer by about 15cm, and the height of the grass exposed out of the ground is 25 cm. The grass sand barrier direction is vertical to the main wind direction of the planting field.
(2) Planting cyperus esculentus:
a. seed soaking and germination accelerating of cyperus esculentus: the cyperus esculentus seeds with uniform particle size, large stem and fruit, no mildew or worm damage and benefit for ecological management are selected. Drying in the sun for 2 days before sowing, soaking in warm water at 40 deg.C for 2 days, and changing water 2 times per day. And (3) fishing out the seeds, putting the seeds in a basket, stacking the seeds together, covering a gunny bag, accelerating germination at normal temperature, washing the seeds with warm water at 35 ℃ for 3 times every day, accelerating germination to 0.5-0.8 mm after 2 days, and planting the seeds after the germination rate reaches more than 60%.
b. Land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing and ridging in a sandy area to be planted, wherein the deep ploughing depth is about 25cm, and watering is carried out for 1000m3/hm3And additionally applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500kg per mu, and the direction of the furrows during deep ploughing is vertical to the main wind direction. After the next year, a no-tillage seeding mode can be adopted, and after 3 years, deep scarification is carried out once.
The organic fertilizer raw materials comprise, by mass, 7% of cyperus esculentus tubers, 36% of cyperus esculentus stems and leaves, 21% of sarwana shazhang and 36% of alfalfa. Adding a decomposing agent and water into the organic fertilizer raw materials according to the mass ratio: water: organic fertilizer raw materials are 4: 600: 1000, and thoroughly decomposing at 80 ℃ for 20 days.
c. Planting cyperus esculentus: planting the obtained cyperus esculentus in the grass sand barrier in the last ten days of May, and planting two ridges of cyperus esculentus in a hole sowing mode; the plant spacing of the cyperus esculentus is 20cm, the row spacing is 45cm, each hole is 1-2 grains, and the sowing depth is about 4 mm.
(3) Field management:
weeding is carried out when the seedlings are exposed to the ground for 5-20 cm, and raking is carried out by using a short rake. During the growth period of the cyperus esculentus, stems and leaves are mowed, the growth period is preferably 2-3 times, and the mowed height is 1/3-1/2 during cutting seedlings.
Watering, irrigating and topdressing at the tillering stage and the fruit expanding stage of the plant: the watering amount of the plant in the tillering stage is 1000m3/hm3(ii) a The water amount in the fruit expanding period is 1200m3/hm3Adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2. Meanwhile, the grass square grids are repaired, and the grass square grids are manually pressed when the grass square grids are damaged and failed.
(4) Harvesting and soil preparation:
the planting belts are divided into full-harvest belts and stubble-remaining belts at intervals in the first year, and harvesting is carried out in sunny days when the harvesting time is 2/3 withered yellow stems and leaves and tubers turn yellow brown and the outer skins are hard; the full-harvesting belt harvests cyperus esculentus and stem leaves, and the stubble-remaining belt harvests stem leaves only, wherein the height of the stubble-remaining belt is 10 cm. And (4) drying the stems and leaves of the cyperus rotundus in the sun, and bundling the stems and leaves. The harvested stems and leaves are used as animal feed and as a source of grass square material.
And in the next year, no-tillage seeding is carried out on the original stubble remaining belt, the harvesting belt adopts the first-year cyperus esculentus planting scheme, the original harvesting belt is changed into the stubble remaining belt during harvesting, and the original stubble remaining belt is changed into the harvesting belt.
In the third year, alternate planting is carried out, and the cyperus esculentus hay is used as a raw material to re-lay the grass sand barriers. And (5) supplementing grass to the grass sand barrier degraded zone in a rotation period.
Example 2
This example differs from example 1 only in that: the reserved width between the two grass sand barriers is 2m, and 4 ridges of cyperus esculentus are planted between the two grass sand barriers.
Example 3
This example differs from example 1 only in that: and (3) after the germination rate reaches more than 60 percent in the step (2) -a, mixing the seeds with half of sandy soil, placing the mixture in a pit with the depth of about 23cm at the room temperature of 20 ℃, covering the sand soil with the thickness of 3cm on the mixture, keeping the tubers wet, and planting the mixture after the germination rate reaches 80 percent in 3-4 days.
Comparative example 1
Taking the Gansu Jingtai county Fengshan area as a test area, planting the cyperus esculentus without grass sand barriers:
(1) planting cyperus esculentus:
a. seed soaking and germination accelerating of cyperus esculentus: the cyperus esculentus seeds with uniform particle size, large stem and fruit, no mildew or worm damage and benefit for ecological management are selected. Drying in the sun for 2 days before sowing, soaking in warm water at 40 deg.C for 2 days, and changing water 2 times per day. And (3) fishing out the seeds, putting the seeds in a basket, stacking the seeds together, covering a gunny bag, accelerating germination at normal temperature, washing the seeds with warm water at 35 ℃ for 3 times every day, accelerating germination to 0.5-0.8 mm after 2 days, and planting the seeds after the germination rate reaches more than 60%.
b. Land preparation and fertilization: deep ploughing and ridging in a sandy area to be planted, wherein the deep ploughing depth is about 25cm, and watering is carried out for 1000m3/hm3And additionally applying an organic fertilizer as a base fertilizer, wherein the amount of the organic fertilizer is 1500kg per mu, and the direction of the furrows during deep ploughing is vertical to the main wind direction. After the next year, a no-tillage seeding mode can be adopted, and after 3 years, deep scarification is carried out once.
The organic fertilizer raw materials comprise, by mass, 7% of cyperus esculentus tubers, 36% of cyperus esculentus stems and leaves, 21% of sarwana shazhang and 36% of alfalfa. Adding a decomposing agent and water into the organic fertilizer raw materials according to the mass ratio: water: organic fertilizer raw materials are 4: 600: 1000, and thoroughly decomposing at 80 ℃ for 20 days.
c. Planting cyperus esculentus: planting the obtained cyperus esculentus in the grass sand barrier in the last ten days of May, and planting two ridges of cyperus esculentus in a hole sowing mode; the plant spacing of the cyperus esculentus is 20cm, the row spacing is 45cm, each hole is 1-2 grains, and the sowing depth is about 4 mm.
(2) Field management:
weeding is carried out when the seedlings are exposed to the ground for 5-20 cm, and raking is carried out by using a short rake. During the growth period of the cyperus esculentus, stems and leaves are mowed, the growth period is preferably 2-3 times, and the mowed height is 1/3-1/2 during cutting seedlings.
Watering, irrigating and topdressing at the tillering stage and the fruit expanding stage of the plant: the watering amount of the plant in the tillering stage is 1000m3/hm3(ii) a The water amount in the fruit expanding period is 1200m3/hm3Adding 15kg/hm of urea2And 300kg/hm of diammonium phosphate2。
(3) Harvesting and soil preparation:
the planting belts are divided into full-harvest belts and stubble-remaining belts at intervals in the first year, and harvesting is carried out in sunny days when the harvesting time is 2/3 withered yellow stems and leaves and tubers turn yellow brown and the outer skins are hard; the full-harvesting belt harvests cyperus esculentus and stem leaves, and the stubble-remaining belt harvests stem leaves only, wherein the height of the stubble-remaining belt is 10 cm.
And in the next year, no-tillage seeding is carried out on the original stubble remaining belt, the harvesting belt adopts the first-year cyperus esculentus planting scheme, the original harvesting belt is changed into the stubble remaining belt during harvesting, and the original stubble remaining belt is changed into the harvesting belt.
And in the third year, alternate planting is carried out.
Comparative example 2:
taking the sandlot of the Gansu Jingtai county as a test field, and carrying out alternate planting of full-harvest grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus, the difference from the example 1 is only that:
(4) harvesting and soil preparation
When the stem leaves 2/3 are withered and yellow, tubers are changed into yellow brown and hard outer skins, harvesting in sunny days, fully harvesting cyperus esculentus and stem leaves, drying cyperus esculentus stem leaves in the sun, and bundling. The harvested stems and leaves are used as animal feed and as a source of grass square material. And the cyperus esculentus hay is used as a raw material to re-lay the grass sand barrier, and the grass supplement is carried out on the degraded zone of the grass sand barrier. And planting the cyperus esculentus again on the full harvest belt in the last ten days of May.
The survival rate, yield, soil volume weight, soil porosity and organic matter content of cyperus esculentus in each of the test fields of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 2 were counted for three years (average value of the annual statistical results in three years) and are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 survival and yield of Cyperus esculentus and soil evaluation of test plots
Figure BDA0003357772680000091
As can be seen from Table 1, the method for planting the cyperus esculentus can improve the survival rate and the yield of the cyperus esculentus in the sand land deterioration area. And under the mode that the space between the grass sand barriers is 1m and the cyperus esculentus is planted on two ridges, the survival rate and the yield of the cyperus esculentus are highest, and are 93.62 percent and 1100 kilograms per mu respectively; the content of organic matters in the soil can reach 50.1 percent, the porosity of the soil can reach 48 percent, and the volume weight of the soil is 1.30g/cm3. The planting mode can be used for planting the cyperus esculentus in the sand-blown deterioration area, the survival rate and the yield of the cyperus esculentus are high, the economic benefit can be increased while the cyperus esculentus is used for preventing wind and fixing sand, and the method is suitable for planting the cyperus esculentus in the sand-blown deterioration areaThe organic matter content, the volume weight and the like of the soil of the planting field have good improvement effect, and the soil quality of the sand degraded area can be improved after long-term planting.
The foregoing is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and decorations can be made without departing from the principle of the present invention, and these modifications and decorations should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A sand stabilizing method for alternately planting grass sand barriers and cyperus esculentus in a sand land degradation region is characterized by comprising the following steps of: and laying a grass sand barrier, planting cyperus esculentus among grass sand barrier zones, dividing the cyperus esculentus planting zones into full-harvest zones and stubble-remaining zones at intervals, and harvesting at intervals.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the grass sand barrier is inserted into the sand layer for 12-18 cm, and the height of the exposed ground is 20-25 cm.
3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyperus esculentus is planted in hill-drop mode in late April or early May.
4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method for accelerating germination of cyperus esculentus is: drying the cyperus esculentus seeds for 1-2 days, soaking the cyperus esculentus seeds for 1-2 days by warm water at 35-45 ℃, and accumulating and accelerating germination for 2-3 days at normal temperature until the length of the buds is 0.5-0.8 mm.
5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cyperus esculentus is planted at a depth of 3-5 mm, a plant spacing of 18-22 cm and a row spacing of 40-50 cm.
6. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein deep ploughing and ridging, watering and applying organic fertilizer are carried out before the first year of planting of cyperus esculentus.
7. The method according to claim 6, characterized in that the organic fertilizer is decomposed by a decomposing agent: water: organic fertilizer raw materials are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-5: 550-620: 900-1100, and decomposing at 75-80 ℃ for 18-22 days to obtain the fertilizer; the organic fertilizer comprises the following raw materials: 6-7% of cyperus esculentus tubers, 30-40% of cyperus esculentus stems and leaves, 20-25% of sarcandra glabra and 30-40% of alfalfa.
8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the full harvest belt is used for harvesting cyperus esculentus and stems and leaves, the stubble remaining belt is used for harvesting only stems and leaves, and the stubble remaining height is 10-12 cm.
9. The method as claimed in claim 8, wherein no-tillage seeding is carried out on the original stubble remaining zone in the next year, hole seeding is carried out on the full harvest zone, the original harvest zone is changed into the stubble remaining zone in the harvest period, and the original stubble remaining zone is changed into the full harvest zone.
10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the grass sand barrier laying direction and the cyperus esculentus planting belt extending direction are perpendicular to the main wind direction of the planting field.
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