CN112205248A - Low-humidity saline-alkali area ryegrass planting method - Google Patents
Low-humidity saline-alkali area ryegrass planting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112205248A CN112205248A CN202010934670.6A CN202010934670A CN112205248A CN 112205248 A CN112205248 A CN 112205248A CN 202010934670 A CN202010934670 A CN 202010934670A CN 112205248 A CN112205248 A CN 112205248A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for planting ryegrass in a low-humidity saline-alkali area, which comprises the following steps: step 1, land preparation before sowing: deep ploughing and loosening the soil of the sowing ground to break the soil hardening, cut off the capillary of the soil and inhibit the salt return of deep soil; step 2, mechanical ridging: forming a zigzag furrow soil layer with ridge height of 15cm, inter-ridge row spacing of 25cm and loose soil ridges on the ground surface; step 3, sowing on ridge sides: drilling at the half-waist part of the ridge side, sorting out seeding rows with the row spacing of 15-35 mm, the seeding width of 4-8 mm and the seeding depth of 2-3 cm, seeding according to the seeding quantity of 1-1.5 kg/mu, covering seeds with soil after the seeding is finished, and lightly pressing; step 4, field management: cutting the ryegrass once after two months of seedling emergence, and timely reseeding the ryegrass at the place with the seedling shortage rate of more than 10%; step 5, topdressing: and (4) after the ryegrass grows to the jointing stage and is mown, topdressing is carried out. The method can effectively improve the yield of the ryegrass and simultaneously has the function of improving the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of planting, relates to pasture planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting ryegrass in a low-humidity saline-alkali area.
Background
The salinized land is an extremely precious land resource, and the salinized land owned by the world is about 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 hectares are in China, as shown by the united nations teaching and literature and the data of grain and agriculture organizations. The saline-stressed lands are in a barren and unused state for a long time, so that land resources are wasted, and the ecological landscape is influenced. In the saline-alkali soil type, a part of the saline-alkali soil is influenced by the topography of the terrain, and the saline-alkali soil is subjected to the action of shallow high-salinity groundwater for a long time, and the soil in the near stratum is not only harmful to salt but also harmful to moisture and is difficult to utilize. In the face of secondary saline-alkali soil stressed by double salt and water, a special cultivation technology is required to be obtained to develop plant production. Wherein, the pasture is used as technical crops and is also commonly used in the improvement and utilization of saline-alkali soil, in particular to the ryegrass which not only has certain salt stress resistance and barren moisture resistance, but also is a high-quality feed for developing high-grazing culture. The ryegrass is used as a planting object, a new farming and planting technology suitable for double restrictions of salt stains and water stains is provided, and the win-win effect of soil improvement and utilization and improvement of animal husbandry development is achieved.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the objective and practical situation that the saline-alkali land is difficult to utilize, the invention aims to provide a method for cultivating and planting ryegrass on the low-humidity saline-alkali land so as to solve the technical problem that the ryegrass is difficult to plant due to high salt content, poor nutrients and serious wet damage of the saline-alkali land in the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a method for planting ryegrass in a low-humidity saline-alkali area comprises the following steps:
step 1, land preparation before sowing: deep ploughing and loosening the soil of the sowing ground to break the soil hardening, cut off the capillary of the soil and inhibit the salt return of deep soil;
step 3, sowing on ridge sides: drilling at the half-waist part of the ridge side, sorting out seeding rows with the row spacing of 15-35 mm, the seeding width of 4-8 mm and the seeding depth of 2-3 cm, seeding according to the seeding quantity of 1-1.5 kg/mu, covering seeds with soil after the seeding is finished, and lightly pressing;
step 4, field management: cutting the ryegrass once after two months of seedling emergence, and timely reseeding the ryegrass at the place with the seedling shortage rate of more than 10%;
step 5, topdressing: and (4) after the ryegrass grows to the jointing stage and is mown, topdressing is carried out.
The invention also has the following technical characteristics
Specifically, the depth of the soil layer treated by the deep scarification rake in the step 1 is not less than 30-35 cm.
Specifically, the height of the cut stubble in the mowing step 4 is 5cm, and the mowing frequency is that the grass is mowed once every 20-30 days.
Specifically, the topdressing in the step 5 is to apply the nitrogen fertilizer urea in the furrow in a strip mode, and the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer urea is 5-10 kg per mu.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following technical effects:
(1) the method adopts a planting mode of sowing ryegrass on the ridge side, and not only avoids salt and avoids dampness in a three-dimensional space, but also realizes warming and soil moisture conservation, early sowing and emergence, water storage in furrows, waterlogging prevention and drainage and water stain removal according to the principle that salt climbs upwards and water flows downwards. Compared with ridge planting, the method avoids the salt damage effect of evaporation salt accumulation on the surface of the soil to the plants, reduces the harm of soil moisture damage to the respiration growth of the root systems of the plants compared with furrow planting, changes the water and salt migration rule of the soil and reduces the influence of adverse factors. By changing the microtopography, the soil surface area is increased, the light, heat and water conditions and the microbial activity environment of the soil are changed, and the microclimate conditions of the near stratum on which crops live are well coordinated.
(2) The method has the advantages of simple and convenient operation measures, certain stability of the seeding effect, rich and cheap seed sources, high resource utilization rate and convenience for popularization and application.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plot of a test plot for side-ridge planting, ditching and ridging;
FIG. 2 is a diagram of the growth conditions of ryegrass planted on the side of ridge in seedling stage;
FIG. 3 is a diagram of the heading date of ryegrass planted on the side of ridge;
FIG. 4 is a characteristic diagram of changes in organic matters of the soil of the plough layer after flat planting and ridge side planting;
FIG. 5 is a characteristic diagram of the change of the total salt content of the soil of the plough layer after the flat land planting and the ridge side planting.
The present invention will be explained in further detail with reference to examples.
Detailed Description
The present invention is not limited to the following embodiments, and all equivalent changes based on the technical solutions of the present invention fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The following definitions or conceptual connotations relating to the present invention are provided for illustration:
saline-alkali soil: the salinized land is also called a land type with an easily soluble salt surface layer accumulated, and refers to a land type with easily soluble salt contained in the soil surface layer and threatening the normal growth of crops. According to the content of soluble salt in the cultivated soil layer and the damage degree of crops, the method can be divided into mild saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and severe saline-alkali soil. The mild saline-alkali soil is characterized in that the emergence rate of the mild saline-alkali soil is 70-80%, and the salt content is 0.1% -0.3%; the severe saline-alkali soil has salt content of more than 0.6 percent and emergence rate of less than 50 percent; the salt content of the moderate saline-alkali soil is 0.3% -0.6%, and the crop damage degree is 50% -70%. If expressed as pH values, are: the pH value of the mild saline-alkali soil is 7.1-8.5, the pH value of the moderate saline-alkali soil is 8.5-9.5, and the pH value of the severe saline-alkali soil is more than 9.5.
And (3) ryegrass: tetraploid perennial ryegrass has the characteristics of good cold resistance, difficult lodging, fast germination, rapid regeneration and high grass yield, the growth in the seedling stage is very vigorous, and the first crop of fresh grass can be harvested after 45 days of seeding.
The ryegrass has strong regeneration capability and can be repeatedly harvested at proper time. The harvesting times of ryegrass are mainly influenced by the sowing time, the temperature during the growth period and the fertilization level. The rye grass sowed in autumn grows well and can be harvested for multiple times. In addition, the higher the fertilization level is, the faster the ryegrass grows, the earlier the ryegrass can be harvested, and meanwhile, the harvesting times can be increased; on the contrary, if the fertility is poor, the ryegrass grows poorly and cannot reach a certain amount in a short time, so that the ryegrass cannot be harvested and utilized. Timely harvesting means harvesting when the ryegrass grows to be more than 25cm long. The stubble height is about 5cm when harvesting each time, which is favorable for the regeneration of the ryegrass stubble.
Lolium perenne is a crop of the family and has no nitrogen fixing effect. Therefore, the nitrogen fertilizer increasing application is a key measure for fully exerting the production potential of the ryegrass, particularly when the ryegrass is used as a feed, the nitrogen fertilizer needs to be applied after the ryegrass is cut green, and the urea is generally 5-10 kg per mu. With the increase of the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer, the total yield of the fresh grass is increased, the grass yield is also increased, the grass quality is also obviously improved, and the ryegrass is tender in quality, rich in crude protein and good in palatability. In the sowing process, 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate is required to be applied to each mu of ryegrass field as a base fertilizer.
The planting of the ryegrass on the ridge side is completed according to the following steps:
step 1, land preparation before sowing: deep ploughing and loosening the soil of the sowing ground to break the soil hardening, cut off the capillary of the soil and inhibit the salt return of deep soil;
step 3, sowing on ridge sides: drilling at the half-waist part of the ridge side, sorting out seeding rows with the row spacing of 15-35 mm, the seeding width of 4-8 mm and the seeding depth of 2-3 cm, seeding according to the seeding quantity of 1-1.5 kg/mu, covering seeds with soil after the seeding is finished, and lightly pressing;
the ridge side sowing method has the advantages that: not only the three-dimensional space can avoid the damage of salt and moisture, but also the purposes of warming and preserving soil moisture, early sowing and early emergence, water storage in furrows, waterlogging prevention and drainage and water stain removal are realized. Compared with ridge planting, the method avoids the salt damage effect of evaporation salt accumulation on the surface of the soil to the plants, reduces the harm of soil moisture damage to the respiration growth of the root systems of the plants compared with furrow planting, changes the water and salt migration rule of the soil and reduces the influence of adverse factors. By changing the microtopography, the soil surface area is increased, the light, heat and water conditions and the microbial activity environment of the soil are changed, and the microclimate conditions of the near stratum on which crops live are well coordinated.
Step 4, field management: cutting the ryegrass once after two months of seedling emergence, and timely reseeding the ryegrass at the place with the seedling shortage rate of more than 10%;
step 5, topdressing: and (4) after the ryegrass grows to the jointing stage and is mown, topdressing is carried out.
Example 1
A test field for researching a plough layer reconstruction technology in saline-alkali soil remediation is arranged in a pilot-scale base of Shaanxi Fuping land engineering, at present, 7 test districts adopting a brick structure are arranged in the test field, the specification of each test district is 2m multiplied by 1m (length multiplied by width multiplied by depth), the inner side of each test district is subjected to anti-seepage treatment, and saline-alkali soil and non-saline-alkali soil with fixed edges and different degrees are filled.
The soil types of the test community are four, namely mild saline-alkali soil, moderate saline-alkali soil and severe saline-alkali soil. Except saline-alkali land cells, 2 test cells are arranged in each level of saline-alkali land.
And deeply ploughing and loosening the soil in the test area in 2019 and 8 months, crushing soil blocks, leveling the ground, storing water and preserving soil moisture to ensure that the soil is deficient and full, and simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer, wherein the fertilizing amount of the organic fertilizer per mu is 100-150 kg.
And (3) sowing in a ditching and ridging planting mode in 2019 and 9 months, wherein the ridging specification is that the ridge height is 15cm, the row spacing between ridges is 25cm, ryegrass is sowed on two sides of the ridge when the soil moisture is appropriate, and the sowing quantity per mu is 1-1.5 kg. Weeding in time, paying attention to pest control, mowing once after sowing for two months, and mowing once every 20-30 days; and (3) topdressing the nitrogen fertilizer after each mowing, wherein the application amount of the nitrogen fertilizer per mu is 5-10 kg.
Example 2
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the soil type is moderate saline-alkali soil, and the other experimental steps are the same as example 1.
Example 3
The difference between the present example and example 1 is that the soil type is severe saline-alkali soil, and other experimental steps are the same as those in example 1.
Example 4
The difference between this example and example 1 is that the soil type is non-saline land, and the other experimental steps are the same as example 1.
Comparative example 1
In this comparative example, a 4 square meter area of saline land was selected as the test area, and a randomized block design was set with 2 replicates per treatment, except for the blank control.
Deeply plowing and loosening the harrows in the test plot in 2018 and 8 months, crushing soil blocks, leveling the ground, storing water and preserving soil moisture to ensure that the soil is deficient and full, simultaneously applying enough base fertilizer, and applying 100-150kg organic fertilizer per mu.
And (3) sowing ryegrass in 2018 and 9 months in a flat land drilling planting mode, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 35cm, and when the soil moisture content is proper, the sowing quantity per mu is 1-1.5 kg.
Weeding in time, paying attention to pest control, mowing the ryegrass once after two months of sowing, and mowing the ryegrass once every 20-30 days; and applying the nitrogen fertilizer 5-10 kg per mu in time after each mowing.
Comparative example 2
The difference between the comparative example and the comparative example 1 is that the soil type is moderate saline-alkali soil, and other experimental steps are the same as the comparative example 1.
Comparative example 3
The difference between the comparative example and the comparative example 1 is that the soil type is severe saline-alkali soil, and other experimental steps are the same as the comparative example 1.
Comparative example 4
The difference between the comparative example and the comparative example 1 is that the soil type is non-saline-alkali soil, and other experimental steps are the same as the comparative example 1.
After sowing and mowing are finished, the hay biomass, the total salt content of the soil and the organic matter of the soil of the ryegrass obtained in each example are measured, and the obtained measurement results are shown in table 1:
TABLE 1 distribution characteristics of ryegrass yield, soil organic matter and salt content under different planting modes
As can be seen from the table 1, the figures 4 and the figure 5, compared with the traditional method for planting ryegrass on flat ground and on ridge side, the method has the advantages that the yield of the ryegrass is greatly improved, the salt content of the soil is reduced, and the soil fertility is improved, so that the method can effectively improve the yield of the ryegrass, not only can the salt be avoided and the moisture be avoided in a three-dimensional space, but also the purposes of warming and preserving soil moisture, early sowing and early emergence, water storage in furrows, waterlogging prevention and drainage and water stain removal are realized. Compared with ridge planting, the method avoids the salt damage effect of evaporation salt accumulation on the surface of the soil to the plants, reduces the harm of soil moisture damage to the respiration growth of the root systems of the plants compared with furrow planting, changes the water and salt migration rule of the soil and reduces the influence of adverse factors. By changing the micro-topography, the soil surface area is increased, and the light, heat and water conditions and the microorganism activity environment of the soil are changed, so that the salt content of the soil is reduced, and the soil environment of the saline-alkali soil is improved.
The invention is not limited to the specific embodiments, and any equivalent changes to the technical solution of the invention by reading the specification by those skilled in the art are covered by the claims of the invention.
While the present invention has been described with reference to the embodiments shown in the drawings, the present invention is not limited to the embodiments, which are illustrative and not restrictive, and it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the present invention can be practiced without departing from the spirit and scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
1. A method for planting ryegrass in a low-humidity saline-alkali area comprises the following steps:
step 1, land preparation before sowing: deep ploughing and loosening the soil of the sowing ground to break the soil hardening, cut off the capillary of the soil and inhibit the salt return of deep soil;
step 2, mechanical ridging: forming a zigzag furrow soil layer with ridge height of 15cm, inter-ridge row spacing of 25cm and loose soil ridges on the ground surface;
step 3, sowing on ridge sides: drilling at the half-waist part of the ridge side, sorting out seeding rows with the row spacing of 15-35 mm, the seeding width of 4-8 mm and the seeding depth of 2-3 cm, seeding according to the seeding quantity of 1-1.5 kg/mu, covering seeds with soil after the seeding is finished, and lightly pressing;
step 4, field management: cutting the ryegrass once after two months of seedling emergence, and timely reseeding the ryegrass at the place with the seedling shortage rate of more than 10%;
step 5, topdressing: and (4) after the ryegrass grows to the jointing stage and is mown, topdressing is carried out.
2. The method for planting ryegrass in saline-alkali area according to claim 1, wherein the soil layer treated by the deep scarification rake in the step 1 is not shallower than 30-35 cm.
3. The method for planting ryegrass in saline-alkali areas according to claim 1, wherein the height of the cut stubble in the step 4 is 5cm, and the cutting frequency is once every 20-30 days.
4. The method for planting ryegrass in the saline-alkali area according to claim 1, wherein the additional fertilizer in step 5 is applied by applying nitrogen fertilizer urea in furrow at an amount of 5-10 kg per mu.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN112930820A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for improving yield and quality of gramineous forage grass |
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Cited By (2)
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| CN112930820A (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2021-06-11 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for improving yield and quality of gramineous forage grass |
| CN112930820B (en) * | 2021-02-18 | 2022-05-06 | 江苏省农业科学院 | Fertilizing method for improving yield and quality of gramineous forage grass |
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