CN113016523A - Ecological planting method for intercropping and interplanting of radix bupleuri and corn - Google Patents
Ecological planting method for intercropping and interplanting of radix bupleuri and corn Download PDFInfo
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- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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Abstract
An ecological planting method for intercropping radix bupleuri and corn comprises the steps of early preparation and land preparation, ridging or bedding, corn planting, radix bupleuri planting, weeding and soil loosening, additional fertilizer, watering, timely sharpening, corn harvesting, radix bupleuri harvesting, autumn and winter management and the like. According to the method, the radix bupleuri and the corns are intercropped, the planting area of the Chinese medicinal material radix bupleuri is expanded, the problem of low benefit of single corn is solved, the land utilization rate of hilly and mountainous areas is improved, the mutual beneficial symbiosis of the corns and the radix bupleuri in the hilly and mountainous areas can be realized, the corns are planted and grow, the original intercropping gap state of the radix bupleuri is simulated to a certain extent, the adverse influence of strong light on the growth of the radix bupleuri is effectively avoided, the intercropping of the radix bupleuri and the corns is realized, the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the field are improved, the strong population is favorably cultivated, the probability of large lodging of the radix bupleuri and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, the organic unification of ecological, economic and social benefits is realized, the land utilization rate can be improved, the planting area of the radix bupleuri is increased, the product quality and yield are.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of Chinese herbal medicine radix bupleuri planting, in particular to an ecological planting method for intercropping radix bupleuri and corn.
Background
Corn is one of the main crops in China, and is planted in a large amount in places such as Heilongjiang, Jilin, Liaoning, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi, Henan, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Guangxi and the like.
Radix bupleuri is a perennial herb of Stellaria of Caryophyllaceae, and the dried root of the radix bupleuri is a traditional common Chinese medicinal material, and is recorded in Bencao gang mu and recorded in the Chinese pharmacopoeia of the calendar edition. The ecological fertilizer is mainly distributed in Shaanxi province, inner Mongolia, Hebei province, Jiangsu province, Anhui province, northeast and the like, and is often wildly in mountain areas with the elevation of 1500 meters below, hilly slopes, grasses, roadside, forest edges and forest gaps. The cold-resistant and drought-resistant floor mat has strong adaptability, is fond of a slightly cold and humid climate, is cold-resistant and drought-resistant, and is not prone to high temperature and waterlogging.
As the bupleurum medicinal materials in the market are mainly derived from wild resources, excessive mining and disorderly mining cause the wild resources of the bupleurum to be seriously deficient, the increasing domestic and foreign market demands are difficult to meet, the market price of the bupleurum tends to be high, and the wild resources are excessively depended on to greatly influence the quality of the raw medicinal materials. Therefore, the artificial planting of the radix bupleuri becomes a new favorite for planting the traditional Chinese medicinal materials, the artificial planting is not only a way for guaranteeing sustainable utilization of resources, but also a preferred category for increasing income of growers in part of areas in recent years, and the artificial planting has an important role in increasing yield and efficiency in the planting industry.
The intercropping of the radix bupleuri and the corn can improve the land utilization rate, increase the planting area of the radix bupleuri, improve the product quality and quantity, ensure the market supply, greatly improve the planting benefit and increase the income of a planting farmer, provide a growth environment similar to a forest gap land for the radix bupleuri due to the planting growth of the corn, avoid the adverse effect of high temperature on the radix bupleuri, facilitate the formation of vigorous groups and individuals of the radix bupleuri, effectively prevent the lodging of the radix bupleuri by using corn stalks and a certain method, greatly reduce the occurrence probability of plant diseases and insect pests, realize the weight reduction and drug reduction of the planting, is an ecological planting method, belongs to an environment-friendly production method, and has good ecological effect.
Disclosure of Invention
The planting method for intercropping the corn and the radix bupleuri aims to solve the technical problems that the radix bupleuri is low in yield and poor in quality due to serious lodging in the planting process and further serious diseases caused by poor ventilation and light transmission in a colony due to lodging, a similar original ecological environment is created, lodging is reduced, the land utilization rate is improved, and the product quality and the economic benefit are improved.
The invention provides an ecological planting method for intercropping radix bupleuri and corn, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) early preparation: sandy loam or loam with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and good drainage is selected, land blocks planned to be planted with radix bupleuri are uniformly spread with farmyard manure of more than 2000 kg/mu in autumn and winter leisure, and the land is ploughed and the upturned frozen upturned soil is ploughed.
(2) Fine land preparation: when the soil is thawed in the next year, the soil is repeatedly harrowed to ensure that the plough layer of the soil reaches 'upper deficiency and lower excess', and simultaneously, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure of 1000 kg/mu or a proper amount of multi-element compound fertilizer is uniformly applied according to the soil fertility condition and soil preparation.
(3) Ridging or ridging: after the land is leveled, planting strips are made according to the land conditions of 60+120cm, under the condition that the conditions permit, the strip trend is good in the east-west direction, when furrows are made or ridges are formed, surface soil in the 60cm strips is turned inwards to the 120cm strips, the furrows are made to be 15-20cm in height, the width of the furrows is 120cm in 100 plus materials, the width of each furrow is 60-80 cm, and the surfaces of the ridges and the furrows are required to be smooth to wait for sowing.
(4) Planting corn: when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃, two rows of corns are planted in the furrow, the height of each corn is about 280cm, the plant type is compact or semi-compact, the sowing density is controlled at 3000-3500 plants/mu, and the rest management is the same as field management.
(5) Planting radix bupleuri: the bupleurum can be sown when the temperature is 10-15 ℃, the soil moisture is adjusted according to the soil moisture content before sowing, and if the surface of the furrow is dry, enough water is poured on the furrow; mixing proper amount of fine soil or fine sand with bupleurum seeds, performing radix bupleuri drill planting on the ridge surface, forming shallow trenches on the furrow surface according to the line spacing of 20-25 cm, wherein the depth of the trench is 1.5-2 cm, then uniformly scattering the seeds in the trenches, covering the fine soil, the thickness of the covering is 0.7-1 cm, lightly pressing the furrow surface to ensure that the bupleurum seeds are well contacted with the soil (the line spacing and the sowing depth are adjusted by adopting mechanical sowing), covering grass mat or other coverings to keep the soil moist when the soil moisture is proper after sowing, emerging seedlings after 7-10 days, and removing the coverings in time before emerging seedlings; thinning when the seedlings grow to 2-3cm after being aligned; when the height of the seedling is 4-5 cm, performing seedling setting and seedling supplementing according to the plant spacing of 20cm, weeding and loosening soil while performing seedling setting, and supplementing the seedling with soil at the root part;
(6) weeding and loosening soil: when the seedling height of radix bupleuri is 10-15cm, weeding and loosening soil are carried out on the ridge surface once, and then weeding and loosening soil are carried out once or more times according to actual conditions.
(7) Timely sharpening: if the harvest of the bupleurum seeds is not intended, the stem tip of the bupleurum is removed in sunny days in 7-8 months, and the stem tip removal can control the plant height, prevent lodging, reduce inflorescence formation and promote root growth.
(8) Topdressing: and (3) topdressing treatment is carried out at least once in 6-7 months of vigorous growth season of the bupleurum, organic fertilizer is additionally applied in 8-9 months of each year, and topdressing can be carried out in combination with weeding and soil loosening.
(9) Watering: watering should be carried out in time when the drought occurs, and draining water through the furrow in rainy season to prevent rotten roots.
(10) Harvesting of corn: when the corn ear bracts turn yellow and loose, the corn ear bracts should be harvested in time.
(11) Harvesting radix bupleuri: when the overground part of the plant begins to wither, cutting the overground part, drying in the sun, removing seeds, and storing in a cool and dry place; digging roots in the last 9 th (before and after white dew) or 3 rd 3 th (late 3 rd) th month after planting; ditching and digging smoothly, keeping the root of the medicinal material complete, shaking soil after digging out the root, straightening, bundling into small bundles and drying in the sun when the root is soft.
(12) Managing in autumn and winter: removing corn leaves in time after harvesting corns and taking the corn leaves out of the field, drawing a thin rope between corn stalks according to the growth condition of the radix bupleuri to prevent lodging, cleaning the ground surface before winter, and uniformly spreading a certain amount of plant ash, disease prevention, insect prevention and potassium supplement on the furrow surface where the radix bupleuri is planted; fertilizing and turning over furrows for planting the corns, and planting the corns again in the next year.
In the step (5), 4 rows of radix bupleuri regions on the furrow surface with the row sowing furrow depth of 3cm, the furrow spacing of 25cm and the width of 120cm are planted, fine soil (sand) is used for uniformly stirring seeds, the seeds are uniformly scattered into the row sowing furrow, 0.5-1 cm of soil is covered, and the furrow surface is leveled after sowing.
The step (8) is at least one topdressing treatment in 6-7 months per year, and diammonium phosphate or urea is topdressed according to the proportion of 10-15 kg/mu; and (3) applying organic fertilizer at least once every 8-9 months, wherein the organic fertilizer is applied according to the amount of 500-1000 kg/mu after the organic fertilizer is decomposed and fully aired.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the method, the bupleurum and the corns are intercropped and interplanted, so that the mutual beneficial symbiosis of the corns and the bupleurum in hilly and mountainous areas can be realized, the problem of low benefit of single corns is solved, the land utilization rate of the hilly and mountainous areas is improved, the corns are planted and grow, the original forest gap state of the bupleurum is simulated to a certain extent, the adverse influence of strong light on the growth of the bupleurum is effectively avoided, the intercropping of the bupleurum and the corns is realized, the ventilation and light transmission conditions in the fields are improved, the cultivation of strong groups is facilitated, the probability of large lodging of the bupleurum and the occurrence of plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, the organic unification of ecological, economic and social benefits is realized, the land utilization rate can be improved, the planting area of the bupleurum is increased, the product.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the ecological planting of intercropping corn and bupleurum root of the present invention.
In the figure: 1-furrow, 2-ridge (furrow) surface, 3-radix bupleuri and 4-corn.
Detailed Description
In order to make the technical scheme of the invention easier to understand, the technical scheme of the invention is clearly and completely described by adopting a mode of a specific embodiment in combination with the attached drawings.
The ecological planting method for intercropping the radix bupleuri and the corns is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) early preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and good drainage, uniformly spreading farmyard manure of more than 2000 kg/mu in the land blocks planned to be planted with the radix bupleuri in autumn and winter for leisure, ploughing, turning the soil and freezing the soil; when the soil is unfrozen, repeatedly ploughing and harrowing are carried out to ensure that the plough layer of the soil reaches 'upper deficiency and lower excess', and simultaneously, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure of 1000 kg/mu or a proper amount of multi-element compound fertilizer is uniformly applied according to the land fertility condition in combination with soil preparation; after the land is leveled, planting strips are made according to the land conditions of 60+120cm, under the condition that the conditions permit, the strip trend is good in the east-west direction, when furrows are made or ridges are formed, surface soil in the 60cm strips is turned inwards to the 120cm strips, the furrows are made to be 15-20cm high, the furrows are made to be 120cm wide and 100-80 cm wide, and the ridge surface and the furrow surface are required to be smooth to wait for sowing.
(2) Planting corn: when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃, two rows of corns are planted in the furrow, the height of each corn is about 280cm, the plant type is compact or semi-compact, the seeding density is controlled at 3000 plus 3500 plants/mu, and the corn management is the same as the field management.
(3) Planting radix bupleuri: sowing the radix bupleuri when the temperature is 10-15 ℃; mixing proper amount of fine dry soil or fine sand with the bupleurum seeds, performing radix bupleuri drill planting on the ridge surface, watering the furrow with enough water before sowing, wherein the distance of each row is 20-25 cm, the depth of ditching is 1.5-2 cm, then uniformly scattering the seeds in the ditch, covering fine soil, the thickness of the covering is 0.7-1 cm, lightly pressing the ridge surface to ensure that the bupleurum seeds are in good contact with the soil, or sowing by adopting a machine, but the row spacing and the sowing depth are adjusted. Covering straw mat or other covering materials to keep the soil moist when the soil moisture content is proper after sowing, and then sprouting after 7-10 days, wherein the covering materials are removed in time before sprouting; thinning when the seedlings grow to 2 +/-0.5 cm after being aligned; when the height of the seedling is 4-5 cm, seedling setting and seedling supplementing are carried out according to the plant spacing of 20cm, weeding and soil loosening are carried out while seedling setting, and during seedling supplementing, the seedling is supplemented with soil at the root.
(4) Weeding and loosening soil: when the seedling height of radix bupleuri is 10-15cm, weeding and loosening soil are carried out on the ridge surface once, and then weeding and loosening soil are carried out once or more times according to actual conditions.
(5) Topdressing: at least one additional fertilizer treatment is carried out in 6-7 months of vigorous growth season of the bupleurum, and organic fertilizer treatment is additionally applied in 8-9 months of each year.
(6) Watering: watering in time when the drought occurs, and draining water through the furrow in rainy season to prevent rotten roots.
(7) Timely sharpening: if the harvest of the bupleurum seeds is not intended, the stem tip of the bupleurum is removed in sunny days in 7-8 months, and the stem tip removal can control the plant height, prevent lodging, reduce inflorescence formation and promote root growth.
(8) Harvesting of corn: when the corn ear bracts turn yellow and loose, the corn ear bracts should be harvested in time.
(9) Harvesting radix bupleuri: when the overground part of the plant begins to wither, cutting the overground part, drying in the sun, removing seeds, and storing in a cool and dry place; digging roots in the last 9 th (before and after white dew) or 3 rd 3 th (late 3 rd) th month after planting; ditching and digging smoothly, keeping the root of the medicinal material complete, shaking soil after digging out the root, straightening, bundling into small bundles and drying in the sun when the root is soft.
(10) Managing in autumn and winter: removing corn leaves in time after harvesting corns and taking the corn leaves out of the field, drawing a thin rope between corn stalks according to the growth condition of the radix bupleuri to prevent lodging, cleaning the ground surface before winter, and uniformly spreading a certain amount of plant ash, disease prevention, insect prevention and potassium supplement on the furrow surface where the radix bupleuri is planted; fertilizing and turning over furrows for planting the corns, and planting the corns again in the next year.
It should be noted that the embodiment described herein is only an embodiment of the present invention, and not all implementations of the present invention, and the embodiment is only exemplary, and is only used to provide a more intuitive and clear understanding of the present invention, and not to limit the technical solutions described in the present invention. All other embodiments, as well as other simple substitutions and various changes to the technical solutions of the present invention, which can be made by those skilled in the art without inventive work, are within the scope of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. An ecological planting method for intercropping radix bupleuri and corn is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) early preparation: selecting sandy loam or loam with sufficient sunlight, deep soil layer and good drainage, uniformly spreading farmyard manure of more than 2000 kg/mu in the land blocks planned to be planted with the radix bupleuri in autumn and winter for leisure, ploughing, turning the soil and freezing the soil;
(2) fine land preparation: when the soil is unfrozen in the next year, repeatedly ploughing and harrowing are carried out to enable the soil plough layer to reach the upper deficiency and the lower excess, and simultaneously, thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure of 1000 kg/mu or a proper amount of multi-element compound fertilizer is uniformly applied according to the land fertility condition and soil preparation;
(3) ridging or ridging: after the land is leveled, planting strips are made according to the land conditions of 60+120cm, under the condition that the conditions permit, the strip trend is good in the east-west direction, when furrows are made or ridges are formed, surface soil in the 60cm strips is turned inwards to the 120cm strips, the furrows are made to be 15-20cm in height, the width of the furrows is 120cm in 100 plus materials, the width of each furrow is 60-80 cm, and the surfaces of the ridges and the furrows are required to be leveled to wait for sowing;
(4) planting corn: when the temperature is stable above 15 ℃, planting two rows of corns in the furrow, selecting corn with the plant height of about 280cm, compact or semi-compact plant type, controlling the seeding density at 3000 plus 3500 plants/mu, and managing the rest of the corn in the same field;
(5) planting radix bupleuri: the bupleurum can be sown when the temperature is 10-15 ℃, the soil moisture is adjusted according to the soil moisture content before sowing, and if the surface of the furrow is dry, enough water is poured on the furrow; mixing proper amount of fine soil or fine sand with bupleurum seeds, performing radix bupleuri drill planting on the ridge surface, forming shallow trenches on the furrow surface according to the line spacing of 20-25 cm, wherein the depth of the trench is 1.5-2 cm, then uniformly scattering the seeds in the trenches, covering the fine soil, the thickness of the covering is 0.7-1 cm, lightly pressing the furrow surface to ensure that the bupleurum seeds are well contacted with the soil (the line spacing and the sowing depth are adjusted by adopting mechanical sowing), covering grass mat or other coverings to keep the soil moist when the soil moisture is proper after sowing, emerging seedlings after 7-10 days, and removing the coverings in time before emerging seedlings; thinning when the seedlings grow to 2-3cm after being aligned; when the height of the seedling is 4-5 cm, performing seedling setting and seedling supplementing according to the plant spacing of 20cm, weeding and loosening soil while performing seedling setting, and supplementing the seedling with soil at the root part;
(6) weeding and loosening soil: when the seedling height of radix bupleuri is 10-15cm, weeding and loosening soil are carried out on the ridge surface for one time, and then weeding and loosening soil are carried out for one or more times according to actual conditions;
(7) timely sharpening: if the harvest of the bupleurum seeds is not intended, the stem tip of the bupleurum is removed in sunny days in 7-8 months, and the stem tip removal can control the plant height, prevent lodging, reduce inflorescence formation and promote root growth;
(8) topdressing: performing topdressing at least once in 6-7 months of vigorous growth season of radix bupleuri every year, and additionally applying organic fertilizer at 8-9 months every year, wherein the topdressing can be performed in combination with weeding and soil loosening;
(9) watering: watering in time when the drought occurs, and draining water through furrows in rainy seasons to prevent rotten roots;
(10) harvesting of corn: harvesting the corn in time when the bracts of the corn ears turn yellow and loose;
(11) harvesting radix bupleuri: when the overground part of the plant begins to wither, cutting the overground part, drying in the sun, removing seeds, and storing in a cool and dry place; digging roots in the last 9 th (before and after white dew) or 3 rd 3 th (late 3 rd) th month after planting; ditching and digging smoothly, keeping the root of the medicinal material complete, shaking soil after digging out the root, straightening, bundling into small bundles and drying in the sun when the root is soft;
(12) managing in autumn and winter: the corn leaves are timely removed and taken out of the field after the corn is harvested, a thin rope is drawn between corn stalks according to the growth condition of the radix bupleuri to prevent lodging, the ground surface is cleaned before the corn is planted in winter, the furrows for planting the corn are fertilized and ploughed, and the corn is planted again in the next year.
2. The ecological planting method for intercropping bupleurum and corns as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), the bupleurum is sowed and then lightly pressed on the ridge surface to ensure that the bupleurum seeds are well contacted with the soil (the row spacing and the sowing depth are adjusted by adopting machine sowing), and after sowing, straw mats or other coverings can be covered to keep the soil moist when the moisture content is proper, the seedlings can emerge within 7-10 days, and the coverings are removed in time before the seedlings emerge.
3. The ecological planting method for intercropping bupleurum and corn according to claim 1, wherein in the step (7), timely tip cutting is carried out: if the harvest of the bupleurum seeds is not intended, the stem tip of the bupleurum is removed in sunny days in 7-8 months, and the stem tip removal can control the plant height, prevent lodging, reduce inflorescence formation and promote root growth.
4. The ecological planting method for intercropping bupleurum and corn according to claim 1, wherein the step (12) of managing autumn and winter: removing corn leaves in time after harvesting corns and taking the corn leaves out of the field, drawing a thin rope between corn stalks according to the growth condition of the radix bupleuri to prevent lodging, cleaning the ground surface before winter, and uniformly spreading a certain amount of plant ash, disease prevention, insect prevention and potassium supplement on the furrow surface where the radix bupleuri is planted; fertilizing and turning over furrows for planting the corns, and planting the corns again in the next year.
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| CN114258827A (en) * | 2021-12-30 | 2022-04-01 | 济南市农业科学研究院 | Efficient cultivation technology for bagging radix bupleuri in corn field |
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