AU2020101556A4 - A Mixed Sowing Method for Grass and Alfalfa - Google Patents
A Mixed Sowing Method for Grass and Alfalfa Download PDFInfo
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- AU2020101556A4 AU2020101556A4 AU2020101556A AU2020101556A AU2020101556A4 AU 2020101556 A4 AU2020101556 A4 AU 2020101556A4 AU 2020101556 A AU2020101556 A AU 2020101556A AU 2020101556 A AU2020101556 A AU 2020101556A AU 2020101556 A4 AU2020101556 A4 AU 2020101556A4
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- grass
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- alfalfa
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/005—Precision agriculture
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Abstract
The present invention provides a mixed sowing method for grass and alfalfa, said
method comprises: soil preparation before sowing; seed selection; seed treatment;
fertilization before sowing; seeding, and at the time of said seeding, the seeding ratio
of grass seed to alfalfa seed is 6:4. The present invention provides a mixed sowing
and planting technique for perennial grass legume in alpine pastoral region; and
improves nutritional quality of forage grass; reduces planting cost and achieves a
sustainable utilization.
FIG. 1
soil preparation before sowing S101
seed selection S102
seed treatment 5103
fertilization before sowing S1iS04
seeding, and at the time of said sending, the seeding ratio of S105
grass seed to alfalfa seed is 6:4
Description
FIG. 1
soil preparation before sowing S101
seed selection S102
seed treatment 5103
fertilization before sowing S1iS04
seeding, and at the time of said sending, the seeding ratio of S105 grass seed to alfalfa seed is 6:4
[0001] The present invention relates to the field of agricultural technique, in particular it relates to a mixed sowing method for grass and alfalfa.
[0002] Top grass such as Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus in the pastoral area of southern Qinghai Province, as a good cultivated forage grass, has been widely planted in the pastoral area of Qinghai Province, and has become a major forage grass source during grass withering period in winter and spring. However, the top grass, as an energy forage grass, has a protein content being lower than that of leguminous forage grass, it cannot meet the normal demand of the livestock for protein and energy and nutrition in cold season. Establishment of a cereal-legume mixed sown artificial grassland can raise forage grass yield per unit area and protein content thereof, and improve quality and utilization rate of the forage grass, thus, changing the traditional single sowing method for the forage grass to a mixed sowing cultivation mothod is one of the effective approaches to solve the problem of single variety of the forage grass in the artificial grassland, and to improve the situation of nutritional imbalance in the livestock during grass withering period in winter and spring in our province.
[0003] The establishment of artificial grassland with mixed sowing of the top grass with the leguminous forage grass began relatively late in our province, but exploring a grass-legume mixed sown cultivation technique suitable for the special natural conditions in our province is very necessary. The mixed sown forage grass has high yield, good quality, and high palatability and utilization rate. The pastoral area in southern Qinghai Province, based on the germplasm resources of local top grasses such as Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus as well as legume crops, established a grass-legume mixed sown artificial grassland according to the local conditions, this can solve the provenance problem, and increase the forage grass yield and change the quality, whilst also promote the development of the breeding industry production in the grass-legume mixed sown area.
[0004] Furthermore, the bottom grasses such as Poa crymophila Keng Qinghai and Poa pratensis L.cv. Qinghai in the pastoral area of southern Qinghai Province have excellent properties such as cold-resistance, drought-resistance, saline-alkaline resistance, good re-growth characteristics, large foliage volume, good quality, and high yield; they are suitable to be planted in the alpine pastoral region area with an altitude below 4200 meters, and an annual precipitation above 350 mm. As good cultivated forage grasses, they are widely planted in the pastoral area of Qinghai Province, they are suitable for reseeding and improving the degraded grassland in the alpine region, they particularly play a pivotal role in the construction of black soil beach type artificial grassland. Bluegrass (Poa annua L.) is the principal grass seed widely cultivated in the pastoral area of Qinghai Province, the traditional single sowing method of the bottom grass is changed to a cultivation method of mixed seeding with the leguminous crop in a certain ratio by a grass-legume mixed sowing method, thereby effectively raising the grass yield per unit area, and improving the nutritional quality of the forage grass, greatly increasing the protein content of the gramineous forage grass, it has also become the major forage grass source of the livestock during the grass withering period in winter and spring, it is a good grass seed for protecting the ecological environmental and recovering the grassland productivity in Qinghai Province, but its production is lack of systematic and normalized technique. In order to better make use of ecological effect and economic value of the forage grasses, improving quality assurance of the forage grass in winter and spring, establishing a mixed sown artificial grassland of Poa annua L. and leguminous forage grass, ensuring cultivation quality, will play a good guiding role in the grass-legume mixed sowing cultivation technique in Qinghai Province, it also provides an effective approach for improving nutritional imbalance in the livestock during the grass withering period in winter and spring.
[0005] Further, aiming at the bottleneck of difficulty in overwintering of alfalfa in the alpine pastoral region, the planted and popularized grass-legume mixed sown grasslands all adopt the mixed sowing technique of annual Gramineae such as oat and Vicia sativa, annual or over-year living crop of Vicia sativa L. genus Rosales leguminosae Vicia Linn, leaf tendril and semi-climbing herbaceous plant. Its stem ramps up or climbs up, itself cannot grow vertically and have to rely on an upright crop such as Gramineae, and its protein content is lower than that of alfalfa. Most importantly, Vicia sativa genus belongs to an annual crop, it cannot be mixed sown with the perennial Gramineae to achieve the purpose of perennial and sustainable utilization. By mixed sowing of alfalfa with perennial gramineous forage grass, the stub of the gramineous forage grass in wintering period is high, achieving the purpose of wind break and snow accumulation. Meanwhile, the density of the gramineous forage grass is large, it is not cut in the same year, the coverage of its stem and leaf is large, thereby playing a protective function, whilst raising the winter surviving rate of alfalfa; mixed sowing of perennial Gramineae with alfalfa can improve the nutritional quality of the forage grass, and solve the problem of difficulty in alfalfa overwintering in the alpine pastoral region, most importantly this can achieve the purpose of sustainable application after one plantation.
[0006] That is to say, in the alpine pastoral region, how to conduct a mixed sowing of grass with alfalfa becomes a crucial problem.
[0007] In order to solve the shortcoming in the prior art, the present invention provides a mixed sowing method for forage grass and alfalfa, the method provides a perennial grass-legume mixed sowing plating technique in the alpine pastoral region; and improves the nutritional quality of the forage grass; and reduces the planting cost and achieves the sustainable utilization.
[0008] A mixed sowing method for forage grass and alfalfa, said method comprises:
[0009] soil preparation before sowing;
[0010] seed selection;
[0011] seed treatment
[0012] fertilization before sowing;
[0013] seeding, and at the time of said seeding, the seeding ratio of grass seed to alfalfa seed is 6:4.
[0014] In a possible embodiment, specifically said seed selection is: for said forage grass seed and alfalfa seed, a seed with national standard level 3 or over is selected as the seeding material.
[0015] In a possible embodiment, specifically said seed treatment is: conducting an artificial washing or a mechanical washing to said forage grass seed; grazing the seed coat of said alfalfa seed, and conducting a seed dressing to said alfalfa seed with a nitragin; demirabiliting said forage grass seed; drying said forage grass seed in the sun.
[0016] In a possible embodiment, said forage grass seed includes top grass seed and bottom grass seed.
[0017] The present application provides a perennial grass-legume mixed sowing and planting technique in the alpine pastoral region; and improves the nutritional quality of the forage grass; reduces the planting cost and achieves the sustainable utilization.
[0018] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the examples according to the present invention, the appended drawings required for description of the examples will be explained briefly. It is obvious that, the appended drawings in the following description are merely some examples of the invention, for a person skilled in the art, he can also obtain other appended drawings from these appended drawings, without making a creative work.
[0019] FIG. 1 is a mixed sowing method for grass and alfalfa provided by the present invention.
[0020] The technical solution of the present invention is further described in detail below by means of the appended drawings and the examples.
[0021] As shown in FIG.1, a mixed sowing method for grass and alfalfa, said method comprises the steps of S101-S105:
[0022] S101, soil preparation before sowing.
[0023] The soil preparation is primarily a plowing in spring. The tilling depth is 25 cm, the processes such as timely harrow, leveling, and suppression make the soil block finely-divided, smooth, having no dopant and residue of previous crops.
[0024] S102, seed selection.
[0025] In one example, specifically said seed selection is: for said forage grass seed and alfalfa seed, a seed with national standard level 3 or above is selected as the seeding material.
[0026] Specifically, it is executed in accordance with GB6141-1985 quality classification of major leguminous planted forage grass seed, GB6142-1985 quality classification of major gramineous planted forage grass seed, GB63/T064-2012 quality classification of bluegrass seed in the grassland of Qinghai Province.
[0027] In one example, said grass seed includes top grass seed and bottom grass seed.
[0028] S103, seed treatment.
[0029] In one example, specifically said seed treatment is: conducting the artificial washing or the mechanical washing to said grass seed; grazing the seed coat of said alfalfa seed, and conducting the seed dressing to said alfalfa seed with the nitragin; demirabiliting said grass seed; drying said grass seed in the sun.
[0030] Specifically, for alfalfa seed, it is preferable to use an overyear seed, and treat the alfalfa seed by a seed rubbing machine to damage the seed coat, taking the seed coat being rough but unbreakable as the principle, thereby breaking the hard seed, breaking the dormancy and improving the seed germination rate; a seed dressing treatment should be conducted to a plot in which alfalfa is first planted by using the nitragin, 5 grams of nitragin is used per kilograms of leguminous seeds, dissolving the nitragin in water and mixing with the leguminous seeds evenly, the amount of water is appropriate if it soaks the leguminous seeds, the seeds should be sown immediately after the seed dressing treatment; before sowing, the grass seeds are spread out to a thickness of 5-6cm, the seeds are dried in the sun for 4-5 days, and turned over for 2-3 times every day, to raise the germination rate of the grass seeds.
[0031] Furthermore, for the grass seeds having awn, at the time of seeding without a treatment, the seeds are easy to cluster and uneasy to separate, the seeding is uneven, thus the seeds need to be demirabilited before seeding. Firstly, the seeds undergo soaking, tedding, and air drying, then undergo mechanical striking to conduct the seed demirabilite treatment.
[0032] S104, fertilization before sowing.
[0033] Specifically, in order to ensure the effect of fertilization, an organic fertilizer is applied at the first time, 1.500t/hm 2-1.875t/hm 2 of farmyard manure is applied per hectare, and turned into the soil of 6-7cm, then suppressed.
[0034] S105, seeding, and at the time of said seeding, the seeding ratio of grass seed to alfalfa seed is 6:4.
[0035] Specifically, for a mixed sown grassland, drilling is appropriate, the drilling can adopt a separated layer fertilizer-and-seed drill, it can also adopt an artificial spreading method. At the time of the drilling, the gramineous seed and the leguminous seed are separated, the grass seeds are loaded in a front box, and leguminous seeds are put into a fertilization box, and after the fertilizer was mixed well the seeds are sown, the row spacing is 20-30cm, after the sowing, raking and soil covering and suppression are conducted, the seeding depth is 1-2cm. Based on the surface soil moisture, the deepest depth is no more than 3cm, after a dry farming seeding, the soil needs to be re-suppressed, to facilitate the seedling emergence.
[0036] Furthermore, a seed fertilizer is applied. Namely, the ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus is 1:2. 75-100kg of phosphatic fertilizer is applied per hectare, and 37.5 kg of nitrogenous fertilizer is applied per hectare, a seed fertilizer is applied into the soil at a depth of 5-6cm.
[0037] The single sowing amount of the grass seeds (10-15 kg/hn 2 ) accounts for 60%, and the single sowing amount of the alfalfa seeds (15-22.5kg/hm 2) accounts for 40%, namely, the actual single sowing amount of the bottom grass to the leguminous forage grass is in a weight ratio of 6:4. It should be noted that, 6:4 is the optimal ratio, a person skilled the art should know that, the mixed sowing can also be conducted in a ratio of 7:3.
[0038] It should be noted that, the seeding time is spring sowing, the seeding is conducted when the average temperature steadily exceed 10°C or more. Generally, the region with an altitude of about 3200 meters should conduct the seeding from late
May to early June, the specific date is determined depending on the soil moisture status. The examples of the present invention have no limit to this.
[0039] After the seeding, it is also required to conduct a field management, at a returning green stage, the region having an irrigation condition is watered for one time. Before winter, sufficient water must be irrigated, to enhance the overwintering capacity of the leguminous seedling; applying fertilizer, if the land is barren and the growth is poor, an irrigation or rainfall can be added after the forage grasses turn green and before jointing, a topdressing (45-75kg of urea and 90-150kg of calcium superphosphate per hectare) is applied, ditched with a seeder and the topdressing is applied into the soil at a depth of 5-6cm; in the same year of the seeding, the growth of seedlings is slow, when the seedling height reaches 8.00cm the weeds should be removed timely, in case of a large area, the fertilization can be conducted after tillering and manual weeding can be conducted for one time.
[0040] It should be noted that, 2,4-D-butyl ester emulsion is forbidden for the mixed sown forage grass of grass and alfalfa.
[0041] Then, cutting, storage and application are explained.
[0042] Method one: for the bottom grass, when a soilage is made, the cutting period begins at heading stage or budding stage of legumes, feeding is conducted at the time of cutting; when a green hay is made, the bottom grass is preferably cut at blooming period or milky stag, and the leguminous forage grass is cut at blooming period, at the time of cutting the stubble height is 5-6cm.
[0043] Storage and application, the cut green grass is locally spread out and exposed to the sun for half day or one day, such that the water content drops to 40-50%, then the grass was put onto a grass shelf. At the time of stacking, the grass should be stacked layer by layer from bottom to top, the top of the forage crop faced inward, the bottom layer was kept a certain distance from the ground, to facilitate ventilation, and also avoid contact with the ground and moisture absorption. When the water content of branch and leave dropped to about 23%, a bundling can be conducted, and locally arranged and stored at the field. When they were naturally dried to water content below 17%, they could be safely stored.
[0044] Grass meal, besides forage feeding and making green hay, the mixed sown forage grass could also be crushed into the grass meal as roughage for the livestock.
[0045] Grazing utilization, the stubble field after cutting and the aftermath should be put into the grazing utilization in winter and spring. At the same year of seeding, they may not put into the grazing utilization.
[0046] Method two:
[0047] Drying the green hay in the sun, the cut green grass was spread out and exposed to the sun for half day or one day, such that the water content dropped to 40 %, then the grass was put onto the grass shelf. At the time of stacking, the grass should be stacked layer by layer from bottom to top, the top of the forage crop faced inwards, the bottom layer was kept a certain distance from the ground, to facilitate ventilation, and also avoid contact with the ground and moisture absorption. When the water content of the branch and the leaf dropped to about 23% the bundling could be conducted, and locally arranged and stored in the field. When they were naturally dried to water content below 17%, they could be safely stored.
[0048] Silage, in a form of silage pit (moat), a baling silage was conducted with a baling silage machinery, the water content of the forage grass should be controlled between 60-65% (when the forage grass was hold in hand and clenched, it is appropriate that beads of water seeped through the fingers).
[0049] Grass product.
[0050] Grass particle, it was a granular grass product made by the top grass and leguminous forage grass mixed sown forage grass green hay which underwent pulverization and extrusion at high temperature, this product had a high conversion rate of forage material and easy to feed, thereby effectively improving quality of the forage grass, creating the conditions for achieving an intensive and mechanized livestock production.
[0051] Grass block, a caky or blocky grass product which is made by conducting a coarse grinding and a high-temperature pressing to the bale of top grass and leguminous forage grass mixed sown forage grass green hay, this product has a high conversion rate, easy to store and transport, and improves quality of the forage grass, meanwhile contributes to rumination and digestion by the livestock, and increases satiety of the livestock, thereby ensuring that they are abstained and utilized efficiently by the livestock. The feeding object of this product is mainly cattle.
[0052] Grass meal, besides forage feeding and making green hay and silage, the mixed sown forage grasses also can be crushed into a grass meal as roughage for the livestock.
[0053] Grazing utilization, the stubble field after cutting and the aftermath should be put into grazing utilization in winter and spring. At the same year of seeding, they may not put into the grazing utilization.
[0054] The present application provides a perennial grass-legume mixed sowing planting technique in the alpine pastoral region; and improves nutritional quality of the forage grass; reduces planting cost and achieves the sustainable utilization.
[0055] The present application aims at the current grass-legume mixed sowing technique in the alpine pastoral region, and it is mainly directed against the annual forage grasses, the annual forage grass has high planting cost and short utilization period. The present application develops a grass-legume mixed sowing planting method for the perennial forage grass, it can efficiently and continuously utilize the grassland. In addition, since the overwintering of alfalfa is difficult, the leguminous crop in the alpine pastoral region are mainly Vicia sativa, the planting and popularization of alfalfa in the alpine pastoral region is difficult. By adopting the mixed sowing technique of top grass and alfalfa, the problem of low protein content of single gramineous forage grass is solved, and meanwhile the problem of alfalfa overwintering is solved.
[0056] Furthermore, on the basis of a study and a summary on top grass single sowing, leguminous forage grass single sowing and grass-legume mixed sowing technical measures in Qinghai Province, in connection with the reality of the pastoral area in southern Qinghai Province, suitable local technical points of the mixed sowing are made (seeding period, seeding amount, optimal seeding ratio and its corresponding management technique) etc., and a scientific basis and a technical standard for promotion and application of the grass-legume forage grass mixed sowing and planting technique in Qinghai Province are provided. Elymus dahuricus and Elymus sibiricus are the commonly cultivated major grass seeds at the agricultural and pastoral areas in Qinghai Province, the mixed sowing is only changing the traditional single sowing method to a planting method in which the leguminous crop (i.e., alfalfa) is mixed sown in a certain ratio, thereby effectively increasing the grass yield per unit area and the protein content per unit area, and improving nutritional quality of the forage grass. It is mainly for determining a suitable mixed sowing combination with a significant yield-increasing effect and an improved nutritional quality under the local natural conditions. It provides a sustainable application after one planting, and increases the utilization efficiency of the artificial grassland in the alpine pastoral region, and provides a scientific basis for the establishment of a grass-legume mixed sown meadow.
[0057] The experimental data are as shown in the Table 1 below, the data are hay yield and crude protein content when the bottom grass is single sown, the bottom grass and alfalfa are mixed sown, the top grass is single sown, and the top grass and the alfalfa is mixed sown. It is known that, when the grass and the alfalfa are mixed sown, the hay yield and the crude protein content are both improved.
[0058]
Name of samples Hay yield (g/m2 ) Crude protein content (%)
single sown bottom grass 624.64+316.35 11.15+3.22
mixed sown bottom grass 667.47±315.80 12.05±3.48
single sown top grass 563.04±76.52 12.01±4.84
mixed sown top grass 997.71+124.70 13.06+5.37
[0059] Table 1
[0060] The specific embodiments described above, further explain the purpose, the technical solution and the beneficial effect of the present invention. It should be understood that, the description above is merely for specific embodiments of the present invention, it is not intended to define the protection scope of the present invention, and any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements etc. made within the spirit and the principle of the present invention are all included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1.A mixed sowing method for grass and alfalfa, characterized in that, said method comprises:
soil preparation before sowing;
seed selection;
seed treatment;
fertilization before sowing;
seeding, and at the time of said seeding, the seeding ratio of grass seed to alfalfa seed is 6:4.
2.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, specifically said seed selection is: for said forage grass seed and alfalfa seed, a seed with national standard level 3 or above is selected as a seeding material.
3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, specifically said seed treatment is:
conducting an artificial washing or a mechanical washing to said forage grass seed;
grazing seed coat of said alfalfa seed, and conducting a seed dressing to said alfalfa seed with a nitragin;
demirabiliting said forage grass seed;
drying said grass seed in the sun.
4.The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, said grass seed includes top grass seed and bottom grass seed.
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Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112753515A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 青海省水利水电科学研究院有限公司 | Cultivation method for interplanting Chinese wolfberry and alfalfa |
CN114303853A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-12 | 内蒙古大学 | Sandy alfalfa seed breeding method |
CN114766161A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-22 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Organic fertilizer application method for alfalfa grassland in alpine region |
CN115399104A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-11-29 | 国家电网有限公司特高压建设分公司 | Vegetation recovery method for power transmission and transformation tower footing disturbance area in dry or semi-dry area of northern hemisphere |
-
2020
- 2020-07-29 AU AU2020101556A patent/AU2020101556A4/en not_active Ceased
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN112753515A (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2021-05-07 | 青海省水利水电科学研究院有限公司 | Cultivation method for interplanting Chinese wolfberry and alfalfa |
CN114303853A (en) * | 2022-01-24 | 2022-04-12 | 内蒙古大学 | Sandy alfalfa seed breeding method |
CN114766161A (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2022-07-22 | 云南省草地动物科学研究院 | Organic fertilizer application method for alfalfa grassland in alpine region |
CN115399104A (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2022-11-29 | 国家电网有限公司特高压建设分公司 | Vegetation recovery method for power transmission and transformation tower footing disturbance area in dry or semi-dry area of northern hemisphere |
CN115399104B (en) * | 2022-06-22 | 2023-07-28 | 国家电网有限公司特高压建设分公司 | Vegetation recovery method for power transmission and transformation tower foundation disturbance area in northern hemispherical dry or semi-arid region |
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