CN112493059A - Protective sowing cultivation method for spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in windy and sandy beach land - Google Patents
Protective sowing cultivation method for spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in windy and sandy beach land Download PDFInfo
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- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract
A protected sowing cultivation method for spring-sowing oat and summer-sowing alfalfa in a windy beach land comprises the steps of flattening the beach land, sprinkling irrigation, spring-sowing oat, oat field management, oat harvesting, summer-sowing alfalfa, alfalfa field management and alfalfa mowing. The method for sowing the alfalfa from the oats in spring in summer solves the technical problem that the survival rate of seedlings in the same year after sowing the alfalfa on the artificial grassland in the windy and sandy pasture beach area is low, and the technical problems that burette facilities are damaged and labor cost is increased when the alfalfa is cut are solved by adopting the upright rod sprinkling irrigation method. The method has the advantages of high survival rate of the alfalfa, high yield, remarkable economic and social benefits and the like, the alfalfa is popularized and planted in a desert area in a large area, the problems of desertification of sandy beach land and grass feeding for cattle and sheep livestock are solved, the animal husbandry is developed, the desert is greened, and the environment is protected. The invention can be popularized in desert areas in a large area.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a planting method for cultivating alfalfa on a windy and sandy beach.
Background
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is known as the king of pasture, has high yield, good quality, strong adaptability and good palatability, and can maintain the ecological environment protection functions of water and soil, improve sand and beach land and the like. The alfalfa has long growth life, does not need repeated cultivation, has strong alfalfa property, tender and delicious stem leaves, is most favored by various livestock and poultry regardless of green feeding, ensiling, modulation of green hay, and processing of grass meal for compound feed or mixed feed, has wide application range, and is the preferred fine forage grass for the development of animal husbandry. The alfalfa is planted in the desert area in a large area, the desertification of the sand beach is prevented, the environment is improved, the pasture is provided for the breeding industry, and the method has great economic and environmental protection significance. The transition zone of Maowu desert and loess plateau in Yulin city of Shaanxi province is the first city of sheep raising in non-pastoral areas of the whole country, belongs to the traditional farming and animal husbandry staggered area of Shaanxi province, is temperate continental monsoon climate, has the annual average temperature of 8.6 ℃, the annual average rainfall of 371mm, the frost-free period of 167 days, the annual average sunlight irradiation of 2900 hours, the annual average accumulated temperature of 4000 ℃, and has the advantages of extremely thick areas and natural resources in the development of grass and animal husbandry.
With the continuous expansion of the sheep breeding scale in the elm area, the demand space for high-quality alfalfa increases, and the forage grass industry mainly for modernized alfalfa planting is vigorously developed in the current area. The northern part of the elm area belongs to a sand storm beach area, the sand storm is large in spring, the late spring is severe, and the alfalfa directly sown in spring has the problems that seedlings are frozen or rolled by sand, so that the emergence rate is low, the survival rate is low, the yield is low, repeated reseeding is needed, and the like. High-quality alfalfa planting is based on the irrigation condition, irrigation is mainly performed when local planting is performed, manual work is needed to be removed and drip irrigation belts are needed to be laid again before and after each cutting, and therefore the drip irrigation belts are damaged and the field management cost is increased. The alfalfa has long growth life and does not need repeated cultivation. The technical problems existing in the prior art make it difficult for the region to achieve the expected construction effect and economic efficiency when carrying out artificial alfalfa planting. Therefore, the technology and the irrigation method suitable for planting the alfalfa in the sandy beach of the northern elm forest have very important practical production significance.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a protective sowing cultivation method for oat summer sowing alfalfa, which has high survival rate, high yield and remarkable economic and social benefits and is suitable for being planted in desert areas.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
(1) level the beach land
Selecting a sandy beach land with flat terrain, cutting hills and filling depressions, eliminating unevenness, keeping flatness deviation not more than +/-5 cm, padding yellow soft soil with thickness of 15cm, applying 1500kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, applying 20kg of ammonium sulfate, deeply turning over the sandy beach land by 20cm, uniformly applying the farmyard manure and the ammonium sulfate into the sandy beach land of a plough layer by combining with the farming of the sandy beach land, leveling the ground, and compacting surface soil.
(2) Spray irrigation
Adopt the sprinkling irrigation of formula of burying pole setting, the plant row spacing is 25m when the pole setting is installed, and the pole setting overall length is 2.2m, wherein exposes ground 1.2m, and it is 1.0m to bury the underground degree of depth, and the delivery pipe is connected in pole setting bottom underground 1m department, and the pole setting top is equipped with the turbine worm spray gun, and the range is 32 ~ 41 m.
(3) Spring sowing oat
And (3) sowing the high-quality oat varieties in the last ten days of 3 months, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg per mu, the row spacing of drill sowing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing is uniform, the depth is consistent, and the sand beach land and the seeds are tightly combined by pressing after sowing.
(4) Oat field management
The oat field management comprises the following steps: enough bottom water is irrigated before seeding, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 10-30 cm each time in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage after seeding, and the irrigation quantity per mu is 25m3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; uniformly spraying 60ml of 4-D butyl ester per mu in the jointing stage of oats in sunny weather for chemical weeding, additionally applying 5-10 kg of urea per mu in the tillering stage and the jointing stage of the oats in combination with irrigation every time, and applying urea to the oats in the tillering stage and the jointing stage of the oats in the field of oatsApplying 1.5-2 kg of monopotassium phosphate per mu before wheat ear emergence.
(5) Harvesting oat
And (3) harvesting the oat grass in the booting period of the oat in the last ten days of 6 months according to the weather condition, cutting the height of the remained stubble to be 5-6 cm, naturally airing, raking the grass, bundling, wherein the water content of the hay is lower than 14% when bundling.
(6) Summer sowing alfalfa
The method for sowing the alfalfa in summer comprises the following steps: and (3) after the oat is harvested, remaining stubbles for planting the alfalfa, selecting a high-quality alfalfa variety with the autumn sleep grade of 1-4, sowing the alfalfa variety in the sand beach land per mu at a sowing amount of 1-1.5 kg, a row spacing of 10-20 cm, a sowing depth of 2-3 cm, and pressing in time after sowing.
(7) Alfalfa field management
The bottom water is fully irrigated before sowing, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 5-30 cm after sowing, and the annual irrigation quantity is 440m per mu3The water irrigation quantity is 25m each time3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; before sowing the alfalfa, applying 10-15 kg of urea, 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate to a sand beach land in a 2 nd branch stage in combination with irrigation; 3 pieces of three compound leaves of the alfalfa are unfolded, and 5 percent of Prussian herbicide is adopted to carry out stem leaf spraying chemical weeding in the 3-5 leaf period of weeds.
(8) Alfalfa mowing
And (3) harvesting the alfalfa in the bud period in the middle ten days of 8 months when no rainfall exists within 5 days according to weather conditions, cutting the alfalfa to a height of 3-5 cm, airing the cut alfalfa in the field until the water content is less than 18%, and bundling and storing.
In the step (4) of the field management of the oats, the field management of the oats is as follows: enough bottom water is irrigated before seeding, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 10-30 cm each time in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage after seeding, and the irrigation quantity per mu is 25m3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; the oat is uniformly sprayed with 60mL of 4-D butyl ester in each mu of jointing stage of oat in sunny weather for chemical weeding, and the oat is irrigated in a tillering stage and a jointing stage of the oat each timeOptimally applying 7.5kg of urea per mu, and optimally applying 1.75kg of monopotassium phosphate per mu before the ear emergence of the oats.
In the step (6) of sowing alfalfa in summer, the method for sowing alfalfa in summer comprises the following steps: and (3) after the oat is harvested, remaining stubbles for planting the alfalfa, selecting a high-quality alfalfa variety with the autumn sleep level of 1-4, optimally sowing the alfalfa at the rate of 1.25kg per mu of the beach land, optimally sowing the alfalfa at the row spacing of 12.5cm, sowing the alfalfa at the depth of 2-3 cm, and pressing the alfalfa in time after sowing.
In the alfalfa field management step (7), the compound herbicide is prepared by mixing 100-120 mL/mu of imazethapyr water agent with the mass concentration of 5% and 12-18 mL/mu of 16.5% sethoxydim, and is mixed with 40L of water to carry out stem and leaf spray chemical weeding when in use.
In the alfalfa field management step (7), the compound herbicide is prepared by mixing 110 mL/mu of imazethapyr aqueous solution with the optimal mass concentration of 5% and 15 mL/mu of sethoxydim with the optimal mass concentration of 16.5%, and is mixed with 40L of water for chemical stem and leaf spraying weeding when in use.
The method for sowing the oat in spring and the alfalfa in summer adopts a method for sowing the oat in spring, improves the utilization efficiency of idle land in the late 3 th to middle 5 th of the month, directly sowing the alfalfa in summer after leaving the stubble, solves the technical problem that the survival rate of seedlings in the current year is low when the alfalfa artificial grassland is sowed in windy and sandy beach areas, and solves the technical problems that burette facilities are damaged and the labor cost is increased when the alfalfa is cut by adopting a vertical rod sprinkling irrigation method. The method has the advantages of high survival rate of the alfalfa, high yield, remarkable economic and social benefits and the like, the alfalfa is popularized and planted in a desert area in a large area, the problems of desertification of sandy beach land and grass feeding for cattle and sheep livestock are solved, the animal husbandry is developed, the desert is greened, and the environment is protected. The invention can be popularized in desert areas in a large area.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of the sprinkling irrigation device using a buried upright in the ground during the sprinkling irrigation step.
FIG. 2 is a photograph of oat growth according to the method of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a photograph of growing alfalfa according to the method of example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.
Example 1
The protected sowing cultivation method for the spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in the windy and sandy beach comprises the following steps:
(1) level the beach land
Selecting a flat sandy beach land, cutting hills and filling depressions, eliminating unevenness, keeping flatness deviation not more than +/-5 cm, padding soft soil with the thickness of 15cm, applying 1500kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, applying 20kg of ammonium sulfate, deeply turning over the land by 20cm, uniformly applying the farmyard manure and the ammonium sulfate into a beach land of a plough layer by combining beach land cultivation, leveling the beach land, and compacting surface soil.
(2) Spray irrigation
Adopt the sprinkling irrigation of formula of burying pole setting, the plant row spacing is 25m when the pole setting is installed, and the pole setting overall length is 2.2m, wherein exposes ground 1.2m, and it is 1.0m to bury the underground degree of depth, and the delivery pipe is connected in pole setting bottom underground 1m department, and the pole setting top is equipped with the turbine worm spray gun, and the range is 32 ~ 41 m. The sprinkling irrigation condition of the vertical rod is shown in figure 1.
(3) Spring sowing oat
And (3) sowing the high-quality oat varieties in the last ten days of 3 months, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg per mu, the sowing amount in the embodiment is 12.5kg, the high-quality oat varieties can be randomly selected within the range of 10-15 kg, the row spacing of drilling is 20cm, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing is uniform, the depth is consistent, and the sand beach land and the seeds are closely combined by pressing after sowing.
(4) Oat field management
The oat field management comprises the following steps: enough bottom water is irrigated before seeding, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 10-30 cm each time in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage after seeding, and the irrigation quantity per mu is 25m3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; uniformly spraying 60ml of 4-D butyl ester per mu in the jointing stage of the oats in sunny weather for chemical weeding, additionally applying 5-10 kg of urea per mu in the tillering stage and the jointing stage of the oats in combination with irrigation every time, and applying urea per mu before the ears of the oats are pulled outApplying 1.5-2 kg of monopotassium phosphate, in the embodiment, dressing 7.5kg of urea per mu each time by combining the tillering stage and the jointing stage of the oat and irrigating, applying 1.75kg of monopotassium phosphate per mu before the ear emergence of the oat, wherein the specific application amount of the urea and the monopotassium phosphate is determined according to the specific growth condition of the oat.
(5) Harvesting oat
And (3) harvesting the oat grass in the booting period of the oat in the last ten days of 6 months according to the weather condition, cutting the height of the remained stubble to be 5-6 cm, naturally airing, raking the grass, bundling, wherein the water content of the hay is lower than 14% when bundling.
(6) Summer sowing alfalfa
The method for sowing alfalfa in summer comprises the following steps: and (3) after the oat is harvested, remaining stubbles for planting the alfalfa, selecting a high-quality alfalfa variety with the autumn sleep level of 1-4, sowing the alfalfa variety in the sand beach land per mu at a rate of 1.25kg, at a row spacing of 12.5cm, at a sowing depth of 2-3 cm, and pressing in time after sowing.
(7) Alfalfa field management
The bottom water is fully irrigated before sowing, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 5-30 cm after sowing, and the annual irrigation quantity is 440m per mu3The water irrigation quantity is 25m each time3And starting irrigation when the relative water content of the soil layer sand beach land is reduced to 60% in each irrigation period of 10-30 cm. Before sowing the alfalfa, applying 12.5kg of urea, 27.5kg of calcium superphosphate and 7.5kg of potassium sulfate to a beach land in a 2 nd branch period by combining irrigation, wherein the specific usage amount of the urea, the calcium superphosphate and the potassium sulfate is determined according to the growth condition of the alfalfa. When 3 leaves of three compound leaves of alfalfa are unfolded and weeds are in a 3-5 leaf period, 5% of Prinsets herbicide in mass concentration is adopted, water is added for 40LL, 100-120 mL/mu is used for carrying out stem and leaf spray chemical weeding, and the specific using amount of the 5% of Prinsets herbicide is determined according to the growth condition of the weeds in the field.
(8) Alfalfa mowing
And (3) harvesting the alfalfa in the bud stage in the middle ten days of 8 months when no rainfall exists within 5 days according to the weather conditions, cutting the alfalfa to a height of 3-5 cm, airing the cut alfalfa in the field until the water content is less than 18%, and bundling and storing.
Example 2
The protected sowing cultivation method for the spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in the windy and sandy beach comprises the following steps:
in the step (6) of sowing the alfalfa in summer, the oat is harvested, stubbles are reserved for planting the alfalfa, high-quality alfalfa varieties with the autumn sleep level of 1-4 are selected, the sowing amount of each mu of the beach land is 1kg, the row spacing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and pressing is carried out in time after sowing.
In the alfalfa field management step (7), the bottom water is irrigated before sowing, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 5-30 cm after sowing, and the annual irrigation quantity is 440m per mu3The water irrigation quantity is 25m each time3And starting irrigation when the relative water content of the soil layer sand beach land is reduced to 60% in each irrigation period of 10-30 cm. Before sowing alfalfa, 10kg of urea, 25kg of calcium superphosphate and 5kg of potassium sulfate are applied to the sand beach land in the branching stage of the 2 nd crop in combination with irrigation. When 3 leaves of the alfalfa are spread out and weeds are in a 3-5 leaf period, 100-120 ml/mu of 5% Prinsets herbicide in mass concentration is adopted, 40L of water is added, stem and leaf spraying chemical weeding is carried out, and the specific using amount of the 5% Prinsets herbicide is determined according to the growth condition of the weeds in the field.
The other steps were the same as in example 1.
Example 3
The protected sowing cultivation method for the spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in the windy and sandy beach comprises the following steps:
in the step (6) of sowing alfalfa in summer, the oat is harvested, the stubble is reserved for planting alfalfa, a high-quality alfalfa variety with the autumn sleep level of 1-4 is selected, the sowing amount of each mu of the beach land is 1.5kg, the row spacing is 10cm, the sowing depth is 2-3 cm, and pressing is carried out in time after sowing.
In the alfalfa field management step (7), the bottom water is irrigated before sowing, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 5-30 cm after sowing, and the annual irrigation quantity is 440m per mu3The water irrigation quantity is 25m each time3And starting irrigation when the relative water content of the soil layer sand beach land is reduced to 60% in each irrigation period of 10-30 cm. Before sowing alfalfa, applying 15kg of urea, 30kg of calcium superphosphate and 10kg of potassium sulfate to a beach land in a branch stage of the 2 nd crop in combination with irrigation;when 3 leaves of the alfalfa are spread out and weeds are in a 3-5 leaf period, 100-120 mL/mu of 5% Prinsets herbicide in mass concentration is adopted, 40L of water is added, stem and leaf spraying chemical weeding is carried out, and the specific using amount of the 5% Prinsets herbicide is determined according to the growth condition of the weeds in the field.
The other steps were the same as in example 1.
Example 4
In the alfalfa field management step (7) of the above embodiments 1 to 3, when 3 leaves of three compound leaves of alfalfa are spread and weeds are in a 3-5 leaf period, a compound herbicide is used for weeding, the compound herbicide of the embodiment is prepared by mixing 110 mL/mu of imazethapyr aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% and 15 mL/mu of sethoxydim with a mass concentration of 16.5%, and 40L of water is added for stem leaf spray chemical weeding when the compound herbicide is used; the specific use amount of the compound herbicide is determined according to the growth condition of weeds in the field. The other steps of this step are the same as in example 1.
The other steps are the same as in the corresponding example 1.
Example 5
In the alfalfa field management step (7) of the above embodiments 1 to 3, when 3 leaves of three compound leaves of alfalfa are spread and weeds are in a 3-5 leaf period, the compound herbicide is used for weeding, the compound herbicide of the embodiment is prepared by mixing 100 mL/mu of imazethapyr aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% and 12 mL/mu of sethoxydim with a mass concentration of 16.5%, and 40L of water is added for stem leaf spray chemical weeding when the compound herbicide is used; the specific use amount of the compound herbicide is determined according to the growth condition of weeds in the field. The other steps of this step are the same as in example 1.
The other steps are the same as in the corresponding example 1.
Example 6
In the alfalfa field management step (7) of the above embodiments 1 to 3, when 3 leaves of three compound leaves of alfalfa are spread and weeds are in a 3-5 leaf period, a compound herbicide is used for weeding, the compound herbicide of the embodiment is prepared by mixing 120 mL/mu of imazethapyr aqueous solution with a mass concentration of 5% and 18 mL/mu of sethoxydim with a mass concentration of 16.5%, and 40L of water is added for stem leaf spray chemical weeding when the compound herbicide is used; the specific use amount of the compound herbicide is determined according to the growth condition of weeds in the field. The other steps of this step are the same as in example 1.
The other steps are the same as in the corresponding example 1.
In order to verify the beneficial effects of the invention, the inventor conducts field small-scale experiments on the method of the embodiment 1 of the invention, and the experimental conditions are as follows:
1. procedure of the test
The beach land (E108 degrees 58 ', N37 degrees 49') of the wave supplementing river village beach land of the elm yang region of the elm forest city of Shaanxi province belongs to a typical windy sand beach land, and the test beach land is 5 mu. The field experiment is carried out from 22/2019/3 to 30/2019/9, the experimental method is the same as that of the example 1, the survival rate of the oat and the alfalfa is shown in the table 1, the picture of the growth of the oat is shown in the figure 2, and the picture of the growth of the alfalfa is shown in the figure 3.
2. Results of the experiment
The collected oat and alfalfa samples are subjected to green removing, drying and weighing in a laboratory to obtain the yield of hay per mu, the hay is crushed, 500g of the crushed hay is taken as a sample, and the nutrition quality indexes of crude protein, moisture, ash, acid detergent fiber and neutral detergent fiber are tested according to a conventional detection method, wherein the test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 biological and nutritional quality of oat and alfalfa
As can be seen from Table 1, the quality of the oat hay reaches the first-grade standard of China Association for animal husbandry standard T/CAAA 002 plus 2018 < grading of quality of oat hay >, and the quality of the alfalfa hay reaches the top-grade standard of China Association for animal husbandry standard T/CAAA 001 plus 2018 < grading of quality of alfalfa hay >.
Claims (5)
1. A protected sowing cultivation method for spring sowing of oat and summer sowing of alfalfa in windy and sandy beach is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) level the beach land
Selecting a sandy beach land with flat terrain, cutting hills and filling depressions, eliminating unevenness, keeping flatness deviation not more than +/-5 cm, padding yellow soft soil with thickness of 15cm, applying 1500kg of thoroughly decomposed farmyard manure per mu, applying 20kg of ammonium sulfate, deeply turning over the sandy beach land by 20cm, uniformly applying the farmyard manure and the ammonium sulfate into the sandy beach land of a plough layer by combining with the farming of the sandy beach land, leveling the ground, and compacting surface soil;
(2) spray irrigation
Adopting a buried upright rod for sprinkling irrigation, wherein the row spacing of the plants is 25m when the upright rod is installed, the total length of the upright rod is 2.2m, the ground surface is exposed by 1.2m, the buried depth is 1.0m, a water supply pipe is connected to the position 1m underground at the bottom of the upright rod, a turbine and worm spray gun is arranged at the top of the upright rod, and the range is 32-41 m;
(3) spring sowing oat
Selecting high-quality oat varieties for sowing in the last ten days of 3 months, wherein the sowing amount is 10-15 kg per mu, the row spacing of drill sowing is 20cm, the sowing depth is 3-5 cm, the sowing is uniform, the depth is consistent, and the sand beach land and the seeds are closely combined by pressing after sowing;
(4) oat field management
The oat field management comprises the following steps: enough bottom water is irrigated before seeding, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 10-30 cm each time in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage after seeding, and the irrigation quantity per mu is 25m3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; uniformly spraying 60ml of 4-D butyl ester per mu in the jointing stage of the oats in sunny weather for chemical weeding, additionally applying 5-10 kg of urea per mu in the tillering stage and the jointing stage of the oats in combination with irrigation every time, and applying 1.5-2 kg of monopotassium phosphate per mu before the ears of the oats are sprouted;
(5) harvesting oat
Harvesting oat grass in the booting period of the oat in the last ten days of 6 months according to the weather conditions, cutting the height of the cut stubble to be 5-6 cm, naturally airing, raking the grass, bundling, and enabling the water content of the hay to be lower than 14% when bundling;
(6) summer sowing alfalfa
The method for sowing the alfalfa in summer comprises the following steps: planting alfalfa after harvesting oat, selecting a high-quality alfalfa variety with the autumn sleep grade of 1-4, sowing 1-1.5 kg per mu of beach land, the row spacing of 10-20 cm, the sowing depth of 2-3 cm, and pressing in time after sowing;
(7) alfalfa field management
The bottom water is fully irrigated before sowing, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 5-30 cm after sowing, and the annual irrigation quantity is 440m per mu3The water irrigation quantity is 25m each time3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; before sowing the alfalfa, applying 10-15 kg of urea, 25-30 kg of calcium superphosphate and 5-10 kg of potassium sulfate to a sand beach land in a 2 nd branch stage in combination with irrigation; 3 pieces of three compound leaves of the alfalfa are unfolded, and 5 percent of Prussian herbicide is adopted to carry out stem leaf spray chemical weeding in the 3-5 leaf period of the weed;
(8) alfalfa mowing
And (4) harvesting the alfalfa in the bud growing period in the middle ten days of the month 8 when no rainfall exists within 5 days according to weather conditions, wherein the height of the cut stubble is 3-5 cm, the cut alfalfa is aired in the field until the water content is less than 18%, and bundling and storing.
2. The protected sowing cultivation method for spring sowing of oats and summer sowing alfalfa as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4) of oat field management, the oat field management is as follows: enough bottom water is irrigated before seeding, the irrigation depth is 30cm, the irrigation depth is 10-30 cm each time in the seedling stage, the jointing stage and the booting stage after seeding, and the irrigation quantity per mu is 25m3Irrigating when the relative water content of the sandy beach is reduced to 60% in the soil layer of 10-30 cm at each irrigation period; 60mL of 4-D butyl ester is used per mu in the jointing stage of the oats, chemical weeding is carried out by uniformly spraying in sunny weather, 7.5kg of urea is additionally applied per mu in the tillering stage and the jointing stage of the oats in combination with irrigation every time, and 1.75kg of monopotassium phosphate is applied per mu before the ears of the oats are pulled out.
3. The protected sowing cultivation method of summer-sowing medicago sativa with oats planted in spring on windy and sandy beach according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in the step (6) of summer-sowing medicago sativa, the method of summer-sowing medicago sativa comprises the following steps: and (3) after the oat is harvested, remaining stubbles for planting the alfalfa, selecting a high-quality alfalfa variety with the autumn sleep level of 1-4, sowing the alfalfa variety in the sand beach land per mu at a rate of 1.25kg, at a row spacing of 12.5cm, at a sowing depth of 2-3 cm, and pressing in time after sowing.
4. The protected sowing cultivation method of spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in windy sand beach as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that in the alfalfa field management step (7), the compound herbicide is prepared by mixing 100-120 mL/mu of 5% imazethapyr water solution and 12-18 mL/mu of 16.5% sethoxydim by mass concentration, and when in use, 40L of water is added for carrying out stem leaf spraying chemical weeding.
5. The protected sowing cultivation method of spring sowing oat summer sowing alfalfa in windy sand beach as claimed in claim 4, which is characterized in that in the alfalfa field management step (7), the compound herbicide is prepared by mixing 110 mL/mu of imazethapyr aqueous solution with the mass concentration of 5% and 15 mL/mu of sethoxydim with the mass concentration of 16.5%, and is used by adding 40L of water to perform stem leaf spraying chemical weeding.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113229089A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-10 | 榆林学院 | Delta-shaped wide-narrow row hill-drop planting method for alfalfa in loess mountain land |
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| CN104756722A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-08 | 赤峰市农牧科学研究院 | Alfalfa and oat crop rotation and cultivation method |
| CN106233949A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-12-21 | 石河子大学 | A kind of alfalfa drip irrigation high yield cultivating method |
| CN106717988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 石河子大学 | A kind of clover and wheat mixed planting method |
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| CN104756722A (en) * | 2015-04-14 | 2015-07-08 | 赤峰市农牧科学研究院 | Alfalfa and oat crop rotation and cultivation method |
| CN106233949A (en) * | 2016-05-06 | 2016-12-21 | 石河子大学 | A kind of alfalfa drip irrigation high yield cultivating method |
| CN106717988A (en) * | 2017-01-20 | 2017-05-31 | 石河子大学 | A kind of clover and wheat mixed planting method |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113229089A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-10 | 榆林学院 | Delta-shaped wide-narrow row hill-drop planting method for alfalfa in loess mountain land |
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