CN106376264A - Saline-alkali land comprehensive improving system and improving method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali land comprehensive improving system and improving method Download PDFInfo
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- CN106376264A CN106376264A CN201610766477.XA CN201610766477A CN106376264A CN 106376264 A CN106376264 A CN 106376264A CN 201610766477 A CN201610766477 A CN 201610766477A CN 106376264 A CN106376264 A CN 106376264A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B77/00—Machines for lifting and treating soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
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Abstract
The invention discloses a saline-alkali land comprehensive improving system and belongs to the technical field of saline-alkali land improvement. The saline-alkali land comprehensive improving system comprises a latticed saline-alkali land with a cofferdam, a moisture separation layer, salt-controlling and permeation-increasing closed conduits and water collection pipes, wherein trapezoidal soil stacks and inverted-trapezoidal trenches are plowed on the saline-alkali land; salt-controlling and permeation-increasing holes, water collection holes and detection scaleplates are drilled on the land; non-woven fabric filtering material is arranged on the salt-controlling and permeation-increasing pipes; and a water inlet hole is formed in ach water collection pipe. The invention further provides an improving method for the improving system. The improving method comprises steps of selecting a land, paving the moisture-separation layer, burying the salt-controlling and permeation-increasing closed conduits and water collection pipes, repairing the cofferdam, a trapezoidal soil pile, an inverted-trapezoidal trench, punching holes, applying soil fertilizer, planting crops, managing the field, and managing the salt-controlling and permeation-increasing closed conduits and the water collection pipes. Soil moisture storage property can be improved and nutrient can be remained; soil shatter value can be improved and soil hardening degree can be enhanced; water and fertilizer can be remained; great temperature increasing effect can be achieved; salt in a ploughing area can be greatly decreased; and salt content can be controlled within 0.2%.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of arable land comprehensive improvement system and modification method, a kind of especially salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system
And modification method, belong to alkaline land soil improving technology field.
Background technology
The existing 100,000,000 hectares of salt-soda soils of China, major part is distributed in the arids such as North China, northwest and northeast, semiarid zone, main
Xinjiang to be included, Qinghai, Gansu, Ningxia, Shaanxi, the Inner Mongol, the northeast of Shanxi Province, above-mentioned salt-soda soil hydrological geological conditions are complicated,
Belonging to Yellow River System water system, level of ground water is affected especially pronounced, level of ground water height by Yellow River System, and local beverage well typically exists more
20m, in 2m, In The Soils are solonchak and aeolian sandy soil to phreatic line, be develop in the drift-sand matrix and
The young soil becoming, soil is contained within great amount of soluble salt, and rainfall is low, whole year about average 180mm, and the sufficient evaporation of illumination is fast,
Form salt-soda soil, earth's surface forms hardening salt knot layer, and, how based on Saline-Sodic, salinity is high, alkali for the saline and alkaline type in above-mentioned salt-soda soil
Property strong, topsoil soils salinity is typically in 3～5g/kg, the up to 10g/kg having；PH value typically 8.3～9.2, have up to
More than 10；Typically 10～30%, high reaches 50～70% to basicity, due to the more sodium ion of soil colloid absorption, leads to
Gas, water permeability are poor, and soil property glues weight, hardened, contraction earth's surface cracking when dry, miriness, tilth extreme difference when wet.At present, to salt-soda soil
Ameliorative measure mainly based on chemical, water resources industry improved soil, agronomic measures mainly with overlay film cover, straw also
Although there being certain effect based on field, applying organic manure and the screening of Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop species, but to the improved effect in salt-soda soil simultaneously
Inconspicuous, not application, also do not form effective salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system and modification method, therefore, work out
A kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system and modification method all have more important meaning to alkaline land improving effect and popularization and application
Justice.
Content of the invention
The main object of the present invention is inconspicuous, no in order to solve improved effect present in current alkaline land improving technology
Beneficial to the problem of application, provide a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system and modification method.
The purpose of the present invention can be reached by adopting the following technical scheme that：
A kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system, including being divided into latticed saline and alkaline plot and be arranged on described latticed
Saline and alkaline plot under moisture content sealing coat, control salt anatonosis hidden pipe, collector pipe, described moisture content sealing coat be arranged on described control salt anatonosis
Hidden pipe and the lower section of described collector pipe, replace laying between described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe, described latticed
The periphery in saline and alkaline plot is provided with cofferdam, using automatization's equipment that plows, described latticed saline and alkaline plot is ploughed into some width
Equal, equally spaced trapezoidal mound, forms between two adjacent described trapezoidal mounds that width is equal, depth identical inverted trapezoidal
Ditch, every described trapezoidal mound is drilled with a row by rig and controls salt anatonosis hole, on a plurality of adjacent described trapezoidal mound
Described control salt anatonosis hole be in quincuncial arrangement, every described inverted trapezoidal ditch is drilled with one by rig and arranges in a row water hole, institute
State gully-hole with described control salt anatonosis hole interlaced arrangement, the described gully-hole on a plurality of adjacent described inverted trapezoidal ditch is also in Flos Mume
Shape is arranged, described trapezoidal mound is provided with to keep at a certain distance away and is provided with a control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale, described control salt
Anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale is deep in described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe, and described inverted trapezoidal ditch is provided with to keep at a certain distance away and sets
There is a collector pipe depth detection scale, described collector pipe depth detection scale is deep in described collector pipe, described control salt anatonosis
It is crisscross arranged between hidden pipe depth detection scale and described collector pipe depth detection scale, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe is provided with one
Layer non-woven fabrics filtrate, described collector pipe is provided with multiple inlet openings.
Further, described latticed saline and alkaline plot is rectangle plot, and the upper width of described trapezoidal mound is 0.8
～1.2m, lower width are 1.5～1.8m, are highly 35～45cm, the upper width of described inverted trapezoidal ditch is 1.0～1.2m,
Lower width is 0.4～0.6m, depth is 35～45cm, and described cofferdam is trapezoidal cofferdam, the upper width in described trapezoidal cofferdam
It is 0.6～0.8m, is highly 15～25cm for 0.3～0.5m, lower width.
Further, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe are pipe, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described
The caliber of collector pipe is all higher than 140mm, and the described inlet opening on described collector pipe is no less than 12 along the caliber number of a week, institute
State and be filled with infiltration medium into water in the hole, described infiltration medium penetrates into water in described collector pipe, silt, soil are intercepted in institute
State outside collector pipe.
Further, described every meter of effective water absorption area of collector pipe be more than 65 square centimeters, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and
Burying of described collector pipe puts depth for 2～3m, and burying of described moisture content sealing coat puts depth for 2.5～3.5m, described control salt anatonosis
It is provided with staff guage hole, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale is inserted by described staff guage hole on hidden pipe and described collector pipe
In described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe, described collector pipe depth detection scale passes through described staff guage hole and inserts in described collector pipe, described
The scope of control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale and described collector pipe depth detection scale is 3.5～4.5m.
Further, described control salt anatonosis hole and the aperture of described gully-hole, hole depth are all equal, described control salt anatonosis hole and
The aperture of described gully-hole is 70mm, 85mm, 105mm or 140mm, and the hole depth of described control salt anatonosis hole and described gully-hole is
1.2～1.5m, described control salt anatonosis hole and described in the hole of catchmenting all are filled with the fertilizer increase soil fertility and fine sand, described fertilizer
Mass ratio with described fine sand is 1:49, every mu of dose 8～12kg, fertilizer formula adopts microbial organic fertilizer and plant growing
Regulator, its volume ratio is 85～90:10～15.
Further, described moisture content sealing coat is made up of the thick graded broken stone layer of 35～45cm, and described metalling is laid
The geotextiles having 0.2～0.4cm, as filter layer, described filter layer are laid one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, are applied thereon
Plus salt reduction alkaline agent, described alfisol and described salt reduction alkaline agent are located on described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe.
Additionally provide a kind of modification method of salt-soda soil described above comprehensive improvement system, comprise the steps：
Step 1：Selection of land
Prepartion of land, soil plough horizon salinity is selected to be less than 0.3%, pH value 7.2～7.8, the content of organic matter more than 3%
Plot, the soil texture is neutral；
Step 2：Laying moisture content sealing coat
Plot is divided into several latticed saline and alkaline plot, the saline-alkali soil in latticed saline and alkaline plot is routed up, turns over
Native depth is 2.5～3.5m, lays the thick graded broken stone layer of 35～45cm in the bottom climbing over soil and constitutes, metalling is equipped with
The geotextiles of 0.2～0.4cm, as filter layer, filter layer are laid one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, apply salt reduction thereon
Alkaline agent；
Step 3：Bury and put control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe
After the laying of moisture content sealing coat, alfisol and salt reduction alkaline agent bury and puts control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, salt will be controlled
Anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale, collector pipe depth detection scale are inserted respectively in control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, and
The outer sheathed protective case of control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale, collector pipe depth detection scale, then in control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collection
Alkaline land soil is arranged on water pipe, and the position of control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe is marked；
Step 4：Finishing cofferdam, trapezoidal mound, inverted trapezoidal ditch
Using automatization's equipment that plows, the alkaline land soil controlling arrangement on salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe is ploughed into some
Width is equal, equally spaced trapezoidal mound, forms that width is equal, depth identical is fallen between two adjacent described trapezoidal mounds
Trapezoid-shaped trench, the periphery in latticed saline and alkaline plot builds cofferdam；
Step 5：Punch, apply soil fertility fertilizer
Every described trapezoidal mound is drilled with a row by rig and controls salt anatonosis hole, a plurality of adjacent described trapezoidal
Described control salt anatonosis hole on mound is in quincuncial arrangement, is drilled with one by rig and arranges in a row on every described inverted trapezoidal ditch
Water hole, described gully-hole and described control salt anatonosis hole interlaced arrangement, the described gully-hole on a plurality of adjacent described inverted trapezoidal ditch
Also it is in quincuncial arrangement, fill the fertilizer increase soil fertility and fine sand in described control salt anatonosis hole and described in the hole of catchmenting；
Step 6：Planting Crops
Plantation seeds, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Glyciness, the crops such as Semen Maydiss, or interplanting corn and Semen Glyciness, interplant of bean and little as needed
The interplanting crops such as wheat；
Step 7：Field management
Periodically crops are carried out with weeding, deinsectization, the field management such as water, apply fertilizer；
Step 8：Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe management
To burying the control salt anatonosis hidden pipe put well and collector pipe is made regular check on, check described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described
The water yield in collector pipe, and whether control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe are blocked, the scale according to described scale of depth is checking
Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and the depth of collector pipe.
Further, in described step 3, described every meter of effective water absorption area of collector pipe is more than 65 square centimeters, described control
Salt anatonosis hidden pipe and burying of described collector pipe put depth for 2～3m, and burying of described moisture content sealing coat puts depth for 2.5～3.5m,
The scope of described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale and described collector pipe depth detection scale is 3.5～4.5m；Described step
In rapid 4, described latticed saline and alkaline plot is rectangle plot, and the upper width of described trapezoidal mound is 0.8～1.2m, bottom
Width is 1.5～1.8m, is highly 35～45cm, and the upper width of described inverted trapezoidal ditch is 1.0～1.2m, lower width is
0.4～0.6m, depth are 35～45cm, and described cofferdam is trapezoidal cofferdam, the upper width in described trapezoidal cofferdam is 0.3～
0.5m, lower width are 0.6～0.8m, are highly 15～25cm.
Further, in described step 5, control salt anatonosis hole and the aperture of described gully-hole, hole depth are all equal, described control salt
The aperture of anatonosis hole and described gully-hole is 70mm, 85mm, 105mm or 140mm, described control salt anatonosis hole and described gully-hole
Hole depth is 1.2～1.5m, and described fertilizer is 1 with the mass ratio of described fine sand:49, every mu of dose 8～12kg, fertilizer formula is adopted
With microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, its volume ratio is 85～90:10～15.
Further, in described step 8, weekly to burying the described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe put well and described collector pipe is examined
Look into, when the water yield total amount in inspection described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe is less than described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collection
The reservoir storage of water pipe 30% when, need to described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe in water filling, be filled to described control salt
The water yield in anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe exceedes the 30% of its reservoir storage, when described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe
When blocked, in time tamper is removed；According to described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale and the inspection of described collector pipe depth
The scale of mark chi come to check described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe depth, when the scale that scale rises or falls is big
When 20cm, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described collector pipe to be checked, prevent described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described
There is fracture or shift in collector pipe.
The method have the benefit that：Salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system and modification method that the present invention provides, pass through
Soil buries and puts control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, and punched on the soil of control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe,
In the hole puts into microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, and it can not only effectively improve the water-holding capacity of soil, keeps supporting
Point additionally it is possible to improve the shatter value of soil, improve the hardened degree of soil, strengthen the ability collecting rainwater and irrigation water, moisture content every
Absciss layer metalling is constituted, and metalling is equipped with geotextiles as filter layer, one layer of corn straw of laying, one layer of pouring on filter layer
Molten soil, applies salt reduction alkaline agent, alfisol and salt reduction alkaline agent are located on control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, and periodically put to burying thereon
Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe are checked well, are conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation, heat, and improve crop yield, increase in conjunction with control salt
Ooze hidden pipe and collector pipe, salt leaching and filtration can be accelerated using the inventive method, make crop plough area's salinity and decline to a great extent, plough
The salinity in area controls within 0.2%, and the inventive method is simply easy to spread, is a kind of good cultivation mode.
Brief description
Fig. 1 is salt-soda soil of the present invention comprehensive improvement system schematic.
In figure：The latticed saline and alkaline plot of 100-, 200- moisture content sealing coat, 300- control salt anatonosis hidden pipe, 400- collector pipe,
500- cofferdam, the trapezoidal mound of 101-, 102- inverted trapezoidal ditch, 103- controls salt anatonosis hole, 104- gully-hole, and 105- controls salt anatonosis hidden pipe
Depth detection scale, 106- collector pipe depth detection scale, 301- non-woven fabrics filtrate, 401- inlet opening.
Specific embodiment
For making those skilled in the art more understand and clear and definite technical scheme, with reference to embodiment and accompanying drawing
The present invention is described in further detail, but embodiments of the present invention not limited to this.
As shown in figure 1, a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system, including being divided into latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 and set
Put the moisture content sealing coat 200 under described latticed saline and alkaline plot 100, control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300, collector pipe 400, described water
Part sealing coat 200 is arranged on the lower section of described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300
Replace laying between described collector pipe 400, the periphery in described latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 is provided with cofferdam 500, using automatic
Change the equipment that plows and described latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 is ploughed into that some width are equal, equally spaced trapezoidal mound 101, two
Form between the adjacent described trapezoidal mound 101 of bar that width is equal, depth identical inverted trapezoidal ditch 102, every described trapezoidal soil
On heap 101, a row is drilled with by rig and controls salt anatonosis hole 103, the described control on a plurality of adjacent described trapezoidal mound 101
Salt anatonosis hole 103 is in quincuncial arrangement, every described inverted trapezoidal ditch 102 is drilled with one by rig and arranges in a row water hole 104, institute
State gully-hole 104 and described control salt anatonosis hole 103 interlaced arrangement, catchment described on a plurality of adjacent described inverted trapezoidal ditch 102
Hole 104 is also in quincuncial arrangement, and described trapezoidal mound 101 is provided with to keep at a certain distance away and is provided with a control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth inspection
Mark chi 105, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale 105 is deep in described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300, described ladder
Shape ditch 102 is provided with to keep at a certain distance away and is provided with a collector pipe depth detection scale 106, described collector pipe depth detection scale
106 are deep in described collector pipe 400, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale 105 and described collector pipe depth detection
It is crisscross arranged between scale 106, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 is provided with layer of non-woven fabric filtrate 301, described collector pipe 400
It is provided with multiple inlet openings 401.
Further, described latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 is rectangle plot, the top width of described trapezoidal mound 101
Spend and be 1.5～1.8m, be highly 35～45cm, the upper width of described inverted trapezoidal ditch 102 is for 0.8～1.2m, lower width
1.0～1.2m, lower width are 0.4～0.6m, depth is 35～45cm, and described cofferdam 500 is trapezoidal cofferdam, described trapezoidal enclose
The upper width on weir be 0.3～0.5m, lower width be 0.6～0.8m, highly be 15～25cm.
Further, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 are pipe, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe
300 and the caliber of described collector pipe 400 be all higher than 140mm, the described inlet opening 401 on described collector pipe 400 was along caliber one week
Number be no less than 12, be filled with infiltration medium in described inlet opening 401, water is penetrated into described collector pipe by described infiltration medium
In 400, silt, soil are intercepted outside described collector pipe 400.
Further, described every meter of effective water absorption area of collector pipe 400 is more than 65 square centimeters, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe
300 and described collector pipe 400 bury that to put depth be 2～3m, it is 2.5～3.5m that the burying of described moisture content sealing coat 200 puts depth, institute
State and be provided with staff guage hole on control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale
105 by, in described staff guage hole insertion described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300, described collector pipe depth detection scale 106 passes through described
Staff guage hole inserts in described collector pipe 400, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale 105 and described collector pipe depth detection
The scope of scale 106 is 3.5～4.5m.
Further, described control salt anatonosis hole 103 and the aperture of described gully-hole 104, hole depth are all equal, and described control salt increases
The aperture of seepage hole 103 and described gully-hole 104 is 70mm, 85mm, 105mm or 140mm, described control salt anatonosis hole 103 and described
The hole depth of gully-hole 104 is 1.2～1.5m, is all filled with raising soil fertile in described control salt anatonosis hole 103 and described gully-hole 104
The fertilizer of power and fine sand, described fertilizer is 1 with the mass ratio of described fine sand:49, every mu of dose 8～12kg, fertilizer formula is adopted
With microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, its volume ratio is 85～90:10～15.
Further, described moisture content sealing coat 200 is made up of the thick graded broken stone layer of 35～45cm, described metalling upper berth
The geotextiles being provided with 0.2～0.4cm, as filter layer, described filter layer are laid one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, thereon
Apply salt reduction alkaline agent, described alfisol and described salt reduction alkaline agent are located at described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400
On.
Additionally provide a kind of modification method of salt-soda soil described above comprehensive improvement system, comprise the steps：
Step 1：Selection of land
Prepartion of land, soil plough horizon salinity is selected to be less than 0.3%, pH value 7.2～7.8, the content of organic matter more than 3%
Plot, the soil texture is neutral；
Step 2：Laying moisture content sealing coat
Plot is divided into several latticed saline and alkaline plot 100, the saline-alkali soil in latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 is turned over
Go out, depth of turning soil is 2.5～3.5m, lay the thick graded broken stone layer of 35～45cm in the bottom climbing over soil and constitute, on metalling
The geotextiles being equipped with 0.2～0.4cm, as filter layer, filter layer are laid one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, are applied thereon
Plus salt reduction alkaline agent；
Step 3：Bury and put control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe
After the laying of moisture content sealing coat, alfisol and salt reduction alkaline agent bury and put control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and collector pipe 400,
Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale 105, collector pipe depth detection scale 106 are inserted respectively into control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300
In collector pipe 400, and in control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale 105, the outer sheathed protection of collector pipe depth detection scale 106
Set, then arrange alkaline land soil on control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and collector pipe 400, and to control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and collector pipe
400 position is marked；
Step 4：Finishing cofferdam, trapezoidal mound, inverted trapezoidal ditch
Using automatization's equipment that plows, the alkaline land soil controlling arrangement on salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and collector pipe 400 is ploughed into
Some width are equal, equally spaced trapezoidal mound 101, formed between two adjacent described trapezoidal mounds 101 width equal,
Depth identical inverted trapezoidal ditch 102, the periphery in latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 builds cofferdam；
Step 5：Punch, apply soil fertility fertilizer
Every described trapezoidal mound 101 is drilled with a row by rig and controls salt anatonosis hole 103, a plurality of adjacent institute
The described control salt anatonosis hole 103 stated on trapezoidal mound 101 is in quincuncial arrangement, passes through to bore on every described inverted trapezoidal ditch 102
Hole equipment is drilled with one and arranges in a row water hole 104, described gully-hole 104 and described control salt anatonosis hole 103 interlaced arrangement, a plurality of adjacent institute
Stating the described gully-hole 104 on inverted trapezoidal ditch 102 is also in quincuncial arrangement, in described control salt anatonosis hole 103 and described gully-hole
Fertilizer and fine sand that in 104, filling is increase soil fertility；
Step 6：Planting Crops
Plantation seeds, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Glyciness, the crops such as Semen Maydiss, or interplanting corn and Semen Glyciness, interplant of bean and little as needed
The interplanting crops such as wheat；
Step 7：Field management
Periodically crops are carried out with weeding, deinsectization, the field management such as water, apply fertilizer；
Step 8：Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe management
To burying the control salt anatonosis hidden pipe put well and collector pipe is made regular check on, check described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described
The water yield in collector pipe, and whether control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe are blocked, the scale according to described scale of depth is checking
Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and the depth of collector pipe.
Further, in described step 3, described every meter of effective water absorption area of collector pipe 400 is more than 65 square centimeters, described
It is 2～3m that the burying of control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 puts depth, and the burying of described moisture content sealing coat 200 is put depth and be
2.5～3.5m, the scope of described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale 105 and described collector pipe depth detection scale 106 is
3.5～4.5m；In described step 4, described latticed saline and alkaline plot 100 be rectangle plot, described trapezoidal mound 101 upper
Portion's width be 0.8～1.2m, lower width be 1.5～1.8m, highly be 35～45cm, the top width of described inverted trapezoidal ditch 102
Spend for 1.0～1.2m, lower width be 0.4～0.6m, depth be 35～45cm, described cofferdam 500 be trapezoidal cofferdam, described ladder
The upper width in shape cofferdam be 0.3～0.5m, lower width be 0.6～0.8m, highly be 15～25cm.
Further, in described step 5, control salt anatonosis hole 103 and the aperture of described gully-hole 104, hole depth are all equal, institute
Stating control salt anatonosis hole 103 and the aperture of described gully-hole 104 is 70mm, 85mm, 105mm or 140mm, described control salt anatonosis hole
103 and the hole depth of described gully-hole 104 be 1.2～1.5m, the mass ratio of described fertilizer and described fine sand is 1:49, every mu of fertilising
Amount 8～12kg, fertilizer formula adopts microbial organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, and its volume ratio is 85～90:10～15.
Further, in described step 8, weekly to burying the described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 put well and described collector pipe 400
Checked, when the water yield total amount in inspection described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 is less than described control salt anatonosis
The reservoir storage of hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 30% when, need to described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe
Water filling in 400, the water yield being filled in described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 exceedes the 30% of its reservoir storage,
When described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 are blocked, in time tamper is removed；Increased according to described control salt
Ooze the scale of hidden pipe depth detection scale 105 and described collector pipe depth detection scale 106 to check described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe
300 and the depth of described collector pipe 400, when the scale that scale rises or falls is more than 20cm, dark to described control salt anatonosis
Pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 are checked, prevent described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe 300 and described collector pipe 400 occur fracture or
Displacement.
In sum, the present embodiment provides salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system and modification method, are put by burying in soil
Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, and punched on the soil of control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, put into micro- life in the hole
Organic fertilizer and plant growth regulator, it can not only effectively improve the water-holding capacity of soil, keeps nutrient additionally it is possible to improve
The shatter value of soil, improves the hardened degree of soil, strengthens the ability collecting rainwater and irrigation water, moisture content sealing coat metalling structure
Become, metalling is equipped with geotextiles as filter layer, filter layer lays one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, applies thereon
Plus salt reduction alkaline agent, alfisol and salt reduction alkaline agent are located on control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe, and periodically put control salt anatonosis well to burying
Hidden pipe and collector pipe are checked, are conducive to water conservation, fertilizer conservation, heat, and improve crop yield, in conjunction with control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collection
Water pipe, can accelerate salt leaching and filtration using the inventive method, make crop plough area's salinity and decline to a great extent, the salinity in cultivated area
Control within 0.2%, and the inventive method is simply easy to spread, is a kind of good cultivation mode.
The above, further embodiment only of the present invention, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any
In scope disclosed in this invention, technology according to the present invention scheme and its design add those familiar with the art
With equivalent or change, broadly fall into protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system is it is characterised in that include being divided into latticed saline and alkaline plot (100) and setting
Put the moisture content sealing coat (200) under described latticed saline and alkaline plot (100), control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300), collector pipe
(400), described moisture content sealing coat (200) is arranged on the lower section of described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400),
Replace laying, described latticed saline and alkaline plot (100) between described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400)
Periphery be provided with cofferdam (500), using automatization plow equipment by described latticed saline and alkaline plot (100) plough into some wide
Spend equal, equally spaced trapezoidal mound (101), between two adjacent described trapezoidal mounds (101), form that width is equal, depth
Identical inverted trapezoidal ditch (102), every described trapezoidal mound (101) is above drilled with a row by rig and controls salt anatonosis hole
(103), described control salt anatonosis hole (103) on a plurality of adjacent described trapezoidal mound (101) is in quincuncial arrangement, described in every
Inverted trapezoidal ditch (102) is above drilled with one by rig and arranges in a row water hole (104), described gully-hole (104) and described control salt anatonosis
Hole (103) interlaced arrangement, the described gully-hole (104) on a plurality of adjacent described inverted trapezoidal ditch (102) is also in quincuncial arrangement,
Described trapezoidal mound (101) is provided with to keep at a certain distance away and is provided with control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105), described control
Salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) is deep in described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300), on described inverted trapezoidal ditch (102)
Being provided with keeps at a certain distance away is provided with collector pipe depth detection scale (106), and described collector pipe depth detection scale (106) is deeply
To in described collector pipe (400), described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) and described collector pipe depth detection scale
(106) it is crisscross arranged between, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) is provided with layer of non-woven fabric filtrate (301), described collector pipe
(400) it is provided with multiple inlet openings (401).
2. a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described latticed salt-soda soil
Block (100) is rectangle plot, the upper width of described trapezoidal mound (101) is 0.8～1.2m, lower width be 1.5～
1.8m, be highly 35～45cm, the upper width of described inverted trapezoidal ditch (102) is 1.0～1.2m, lower width be 0.4～
0.6m, depth are 35～45cm, and described cofferdam (500) is trapezoidal cofferdam, the upper width in described trapezoidal cofferdam is 0.3～
0.5m, lower width are 0.6～0.8m, are highly 15～25cm.
3. a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe
(300) and described collector pipe (400) is pipe, the caliber of described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400) is equal
More than 140mm, the described inlet opening (401) on described collector pipe (400) is no less than 12 along the caliber number of a week, described enter
It is filled with infiltration medium, described infiltration medium penetrates into water in described collector pipe (400), by silt, soil resistance in water hole (401)
It is interposed between described collector pipe (400) outward.
4. a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described collector pipe (400) is every
Meter You Xiao water absorption area is more than 65 square centimeters, and described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and burying of described collector pipe (400) put depth
For 2～3m, it is 2.5～3.5m that the burying of described moisture content sealing coat (200) puts depth, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described
Collector pipe is provided with staff guage hole on (400), and described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) is inserted by described staff guage hole
In described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300), described collector pipe depth detection scale (106) passes through to catchment described in described staff guage hole insertion
In pipe (400), the model of described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) and described collector pipe depth detection scale (106)
Enclose for 3.5～4.5m.
5. a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described control salt anatonosis hole
(103) and the aperture of described gully-hole (104), hole depth are all equal, described control salt anatonosis hole (103) and described gully-hole (104)
Aperture be 70mm, 85mm, 105mm or 140mm, the hole depth of described control salt anatonosis hole (103) and described gully-hole (104) is
All it is filled with the fertilizer increase soil fertility and thin in 1.2～1.5m, described control salt anatonosis hole (103) and described gully-hole (104)
Sand, described fertilizer is 1 with the mass ratio of described fine sand:49, every mu of dose 8～12kg, fertilizer formula adopts microorganism organic
Fertilizer and plant growth regulator, its volume ratio is 85～90:10～15.
6. a kind of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system according to claim 1 is it is characterised in that described moisture content sealing coat
(200) it is made up of the thick graded broken stone layer of 35～45cm, the geotextiles that described metalling is equipped with 0.2～0.4cm are as mistake
Filtering layer, described filter layer is laid one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, applies salt reduction alkaline agent, described alfisol and institute thereon
State salt reduction alkaline agent to be located on described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400).
7. a kind of modification method of the salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system as claim 1-6 any one is it is characterised in that include
Following steps：
Step 1：Selection of land
Prepartion of land, soil plough horizon salinity is selected to be less than 0.3%, pH value 7.2～7.8, ground more than 3% for the content of organic matter
Block, the soil texture is neutral；
Step 2：Laying moisture content sealing coat
Plot is divided into several latticed saline and alkaline plot (100), the saline-alkali soil of latticed saline and alkaline plot (100) is turned over
Go out, depth of turning soil is 2.5～3.5m, lay the thick graded broken stone layer of 35～45cm in the bottom climbing over soil and constitute, on metalling
The geotextiles being equipped with 0.2～0.4cm, as filter layer, filter layer are laid one layer of corn straw, one layer of alfisol, are applied thereon
Plus salt reduction alkaline agent；
Step 3：Bury and put control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe
After the laying of moisture content sealing coat, alfisol and salt reduction alkaline agent bury and put control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and collector pipe (400),
Salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) will be controlled, collector pipe depth detection scale (106) is inserted respectively into control salt anatonosis hidden pipe
(300) and in collector pipe (400), and in control salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105), collector pipe depth detection scale
(106) sheathed protective case outward, then arrange alkaline land soil control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and collector pipe (400) are upper, and to controlling salt
The position of anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and collector pipe (400) is marked；
Step 4：Finishing cofferdam, trapezoidal mound, inverted trapezoidal ditch
Salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) will be controlled and the upper alkaline land soil arranged of collector pipe (400) is ploughed into using automatization's equipment that plows
Some width are equal, equally spaced trapezoidal mound (101), form width between two adjacent described trapezoidal mounds (101)
Equal, depth identical inverted trapezoidal ditch (102), builds cofferdam in the periphery of latticed saline and alkaline plot (100)；
Step 5：Punch, apply soil fertility fertilizer
Above a row is drilled with by rig in every described trapezoidal mound (101) and controls salt anatonosis hole (103), a plurality of adjacent institute
Described control salt anatonosis hole (103) stated on trapezoidal mound (101) is in quincuncial arrangement, on every described inverted trapezoidal ditch (102)
It is drilled with one by rig and arrange in a row water hole (104), described gully-hole (104) and described control salt anatonosis hole (103) interlaced arrangement,
Described gully-hole (104) on a plurality of adjacent described inverted trapezoidal ditch (102) is also in quincuncial arrangement, in described control salt anatonosis hole
(103) fertilizer increase soil fertility of filling and fine sand and in described gully-hole (104)；
Step 6：Planting Crops
The crops such as plantation seeds, Semen Tritici aestivi, Semen Glyciness, Semen Maydiss as needed, or interplanting corn and Semen Glyciness, interplant of bean and Semen Tritici aestivi etc.
Interplanting crops；
Step 7：Field management
Periodically crops are carried out with weeding, deinsectization, the field management such as water, apply fertilizer；
Step 8：Control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe management
To burying the control salt anatonosis hidden pipe put well and collector pipe is made regular check on, check described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and described catchment
The water yield in pipe, and whether control salt anatonosis hidden pipe and collector pipe are blocked, the scale according to described scale of depth is checking control salt
Anatonosis hidden pipe and the depth of collector pipe.
8. a kind of modification method of salt-soda soil according to claim 7 comprehensive improvement system is it is characterised in that described step
In 3, described every meter of effective water absorption area of collector pipe (400) is more than 65 square centimeters, described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described
Burying of collector pipe (400) puts depth for 2～3m, and burying of described moisture content sealing coat (200) puts depth for 2.5～3.5m, described control
The scope of salt anatonosis hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) and described collector pipe depth detection scale (106) is 3.5～4.5m；Institute
State in step 4, described latticed saline and alkaline plot (100) is rectangle plot, the upper width of described trapezoidal mound (101) is
0.8～1.2m, lower width are 1.5～1.8m, are highly 35～45cm, and the upper width of described inverted trapezoidal ditch (102) is 1.0
～1.2m, lower width are 0.4～0.6m, depth is 35～45cm, and described cofferdam (500) is trapezoidal cofferdam, described trapezoidal enclose
The upper width on weir be 0.3～0.5m, lower width be 0.6～0.8m, highly be 15～25cm.9th, according to claim 7 institute
A kind of modification method of salt-soda soil comprehensive improvement system stated it is characterised in that in described step 5, control salt anatonosis hole (103) and
The aperture of described gully-hole (104), hole depth are all equal, and the aperture of described control salt anatonosis hole (103) and described gully-hole (104) is
70mm, 85mm, 105mm or 140mm, the hole depth of described control salt anatonosis hole (103) and described gully-hole (104) is 1.2～1.5m,
Described fertilizer is 1 with the mass ratio of described fine sand:49, every mu of dose 8～12kg, fertilizer formula adopt microbial organic fertilizer and
Plant growth regulator, its volume ratio is 85～90:10～15.
9. a kind of modification method of salt-soda soil according to claim 7 comprehensive improvement system is it is characterised in that described step
In 8, weekly to burying described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) put well and described collector pipe (400) checks, when checking described control
Water yield total amount in salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400) is less than described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collection
The reservoir storage of water pipe (400) 30% when, need to described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and the interior water filling of described collector pipe (400),
The water yield being filled in described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400) exceedes the 30% of its reservoir storage, when described
When control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400) are blocked, in time tamper is removed；According to described control salt anatonosis
The scale of hidden pipe depth detection scale (105) and described collector pipe depth detection scale (106) is dark to check described control salt anatonosis
Pipe (300) and the depth of described collector pipe (400), when the scale that scale rises or falls is more than 20cm, be to described control salt
Anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe (400) are checked, prevent described control salt anatonosis hidden pipe (300) and described collector pipe
(400) there is fracture or shift.
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| CN106797723A (en) * | 2017-04-02 | 2017-06-06 | 北京军秀咨询有限公司 | A kind of alkaline land improving system and modification method |
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| CN114451230A (en) * | 2022-03-01 | 2022-05-10 | 华清农业开发有限公司 | Planting method of moderate and severe saline-alkali soil water retention, salt resistance and carbon increase fertile soil |
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