CN102273335B - Treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil - Google Patents
Treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil Download PDFInfo
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- CN102273335B CN102273335B CN2011101641080A CN201110164108A CN102273335B CN 102273335 B CN102273335 B CN 102273335B CN 2011101641080 A CN2011101641080 A CN 2011101641080A CN 201110164108 A CN201110164108 A CN 201110164108A CN 102273335 B CN102273335 B CN 102273335B
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Abstract
The invention relates a treatment and utilization technology of saline soil resources, in particular to a treatment and utilization method of muddy seashore saline soil. The method comprises the following steps of: establishing a water supply system consisting of a fresh water well, a water pump and a water supply pipe; excavating a salt leaching drainage ditch so as to establish a drainage salt leaching system; applying a cow dung and crop stalk fertilizer and a phosphogypsum soil and fertility improving fertilizer; with a small raised field as unit, irrigating fresh water to wash and leach salt; and planting and maintaining vegetation through cultivating the land by machine, sunning the upturned soil, planting the vegetation and irrigating the vegetation, wherein a planting technology with gradient increasing salt tolerance is adopted in planting the vegetation. According to the invention, for the salinity and structural characteristics of the muddy seashore saline soil, the muddy seashore strongly salined soil in the coastal zone is treated and utilized in combination with engineering measures, physical measures and chemical measures on the basis of salt tolerant plant appraisal; and The treatment and utilization method of the muddy seashore saline soil provided by the invention has the advantages of simplicity in operation, resource conservation, soil treatment and utilization cost of less than 166.21 yuan/m2 and plant survival rate of more than 90%.
Description
Technical field:
The present invention relates to the salt soil resource and administer and utilize technology, specifically a kind of improvement of Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak with utilize method.
Background technology:
According to China's coastal region saline-alkali soil grade scale (0-100cm), the saline-alkali soil of 1 meter soil body total salt quantity＞0.6% is marine solonchak.Ring Bohai Sea Puddy coastal zone mostly is structureless marine solonchak, and salt content is high, and soil property is sticking heavy, and pouring salt degree is faint, and traditional fresh water pressure salt effect is relatively poor; Top layer salt content 1.5～2.5% can reach individually more than 4%, average salt content 0.6～2% in the 1m soil layer; Subterranean water level high (about 0.6～1.5m); The degree of mineralization of ground water is high, and (average salinity is at 11.8 g/l～33.7g/l).The soil environment that coastal sludge matter solonchak is abominable is unfavorable for vegetation growth, need to carry out soil remediation, could rationally utilize.Littoral area's winter, many northwester were cold dry; Spring is windy and dusty, and evaporation discharge is large, aridity 1.5-1.8.The harsh climate environment has also affected surviving of vegetation, so surface vegetation is rare, and major part is bare land, and the location fragmentary alkali of growing that swells individually is fluffy, has had a strong impact on the improvement of Coastal Eco-environment and the development of economic society.
At present, the alkaline land improving measure usually adopts underground salt discharge engineering, separation layer is set, change planting soil every salt bag technique etc., not only need a large amount of manpower and materials investments (every square meter cost is more than 350 yuan), and maintenance cost is expensive, and accumulation of salt in the surface soil situation occurs easily.And use in a large number soil moved in to improve the original, not only destroyed the farmland, and along with the continuous minimizing of available soil moved in to improve the original resource, solonchak is administered and can't be implemented.
Summary of the invention:
The present invention is intended to solve the conventional construction vegetation modes such as changing planting soil that adopts, to the destruction problem of cultivated land resource and ecotope, and provide a kind of simple to operate, treatment cost is low, the improvement of resources conservation, Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak that regulation effect is good with utilize method.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves this technical problem employing is:
A kind of improvement of Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak with utilize method, carry out as follows:
A. set up water supply system: beat the fresh water well, water pump is installed, lay water supply line;
B. set up draining and drench salt system: drench the salt drain ditch at soil remediation district excavation and build little raised fields, depth of drainage ditch is to subterranean water level; The small-sized pouring salt of excavation open drain in the middle of little raised fields, the draining furrow ditch of the longitudinal and transverse perforation of excavation between drain ditch and open drain;
C. improve the soil and foster and apply fertilizer: use become thoroughly decomposed maize straw fertilizer and ardealite, with excavator ardealite is ploughed deeply and mixing with soil with the maize straw fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed;
D. salt is drenched in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: fill with at least fresh water three times in the soil remediation district take little raised fields as unit, each irrigation quantity is with the about 10cm of the depth of water in the raised fields, keeping 24 hours is standard, the nature seepage, fall to doing after, again fill with fresh water, salinity in the 40-50cm soil layer is drenched to water table down downstream, and the rear soil salt of pouring water descends more than 1.0%;
E. vegetation is planted and manages and protects:
ⅰ. the soil tractor-ploughing, sun the earth which has been ploughed up: tilling depth 20cm; Machinery rotary tillage 2-3 time, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm; Manually do furrow, thin flat furrow face;
ⅱ. vegetation is planted: next year begins to plant behind soil remediation, First Year plant comprise Tamarix hispida, the dish that nourishes heart, lotus certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, red-spotted stonecrop, bamboo willow, the Betula halophila salt tolerant limit be higher than 0.6% salt-tolerant plant; Second Year is planted the general plant of salt resistance ability along with the decline of soil salt;
ⅲ. planting system: adopt the large ridge of little furrow planting method, the wide 2m of the furrow of planting, vegetation is planted the direction of furrow and drain ditch, open drain in the same way, is draining furrow ditch in the middle of the furrow, plays high 30～40cm with ridger, the large ridge of wide 90cm;
ⅲ. vegetation pouring: the drip irrigation irrigating plant, drip irrigation pipe is arranged on single ridge, direction is identical with the plant setting direction, dripper spacing is decided according to plant density, the drip irrigation amount with the open drain water seepage till.
Compared with prior art, the present invention is directed to coastal sludge matter solonchak soil salt and soil structure characteristics, elect the basis as to select the salt-tolerant plant mirror, incorporation engineering measure, physical measure, chemical measure are administered Puddy coastal zone strand strongly salined soil and are utilized, its outstanding effect is: simple to operate, economize on resources, soil remediation with utilize cost low, only be 166.21 yuan/m
2, plant survival rate is more than 90%.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1 is that salt system engineering schematic diagram is drenched in the little raised fields draining of the present invention.
Among the figure: drain ditch 1; Open drain 2; Transversal draining furrow ditch 3, tandem water furrow ditch 4, former underground waterline 5, underground water 6.
Embodiment:
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing in detail the present invention is described in detail.
A kind of improvement of Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak with utilize method, carry out as follows:
1, set up water supply system:
General land readjustment before carrying out soil remediation April.Level land with bulldozer, excavator; According to the needs of the fresh water desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and irrigating plant before the plant setting, play a glance of fresh water well, water pump and accessory cables are installed, lay water supply line.Water supply line adopts DE125 pipeline and DE50 pipeline, buried depth 1m.
2, set up draining and drench salt system (referring to Fig. 1):
May, excavate the pouring salt drain ditch 1 of wide 2m suitable for reading, dark 1m, ditch bottom width 1m in the soil remediation district, the ditch spacing is 20m, form little raised fields, Coastal saline land region underground water is generally about 1m, and the degree of depth in drain ditch 1 will reach former underground waterline 5, to improve the shallow-layer relative relief of growing area, lower underground water 6 water levels, the purpose of the restriction soil accumulation of salt in the surface soil; In the middle of little raised fields, equidirectional small-sized pouring salt open drain 2 of excavating again wide 1m, dark 0.5m; The transversal draining furrow ditch 3 of the wide 0.3m of excavation, dark 0.3m between drain ditch 1 and open drain 2; At little raised fields intermediate vertical drain ditch 1 direction excavation tandem water furrow ditch 4, specification is identical with transversal draining furrow ditch 3.Accomplish that the ditch ditch is identical, rainfall, pour water and to cross irrigation canals and ditches at different levels and discharge, reach the purpose of drenching salt, restriction salt accumulation in soil, ponding.
3, improve the soil and foster and apply fertilizer:
In June, use become thoroughly decomposed maize straw fertilizer and ardealite.According to the dark fertile amount of application of maize straw that determines to become thoroughly decomposed of plant roots, arbor class root is used more than the thickness 20cm deeply generally at 70cm-100cm; Grass class, shrub root are used thickness 5cm deeply generally at 30cm-50 cm; Utilize excavator that ardealite, the maize straw fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed are ploughed deeply 40cm-50cm with solonchak, mixing.Be target to reach " the bad physicochemical character of improvement clayey soil, it is organic to increase shale saline-alkali soil, increases soil fertility and shock-absorbing capacity, regulates P in soil H, strengthens the soil desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching and drenches the salt effect, reduces soil salt content ", thus raising plant setting survival rate.
4, salt is drenched in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching:
June is to November, fills with flood in the soil remediation district 3 times take little raised fields as unit, and each irrigation quantity is with the about 10cm of the depth of water in the raised fields, and maintenance 24h is standard, natural seepage, fall to doing after, again fill with fresh water.Through the pouring of 3 flood, the salinity in the 40-50cm soil layer of transformation is drenched to water table down downstream, the rear soil salt of pouring water can descend more than 1.0%, for the survival rate of raising plant is laid a good foundation.
5, vegetation is planted and manages and protects:
(1) consolidation: tractor-ploughing in March next year, sun the earth which has been ploughed up: tilling depth 20cm; Machinery rotary tillage: 2-3 time, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm; Manually do furrow, thin flat furrow face.
(2) choice plant species: the salt-tolerant plant of planting.Marine solonchak behind the soil remediation is subjected to the high influence on groundwater of salinity, and salinity is still higher, need to plant to be fit to the salt-tolerant plant kind of saline-alkali soil growth.Precisely identify according to salt tolerant for many years, Tamarix hispida, the dish that nourishes heart, the salt resistance ability of the plants such as lotus certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, red-spotted stonecrop, bamboo willow, Betula halophila is more than 0.6%, and adaptability is stronger in the shale solonchak of strand, can select the plant variety of vegetation construction.
(3) vegetation is planted: begin to plant March 20 next year behind soil remediation, and it is complete to plant before April 30, planting time 40 days; Planting technique: planting according to Habitat Types, difference, the seedling age size of kind is determined suitable planting system, plant order, planting density.The order of planting is according to the difference of plant salt tolerance ability, the method that adopts echelon to advance.Planting system: passenger soil ridge cultivation not.The furrow of planting are wide 2 meters, and the plant direction of furrow of vegetation is identical with the direction of drain ditch and open drain, is draining furrow ditch in the middle of the furrow.
(4) vegetation pouring: adopt drip irrigation to carry out irrigating plant.Drip irrigation pipe is arranged on single ridge, and direction is identical with the plant setting direction, and dripper spacing is decided according to plant density.Drip irrigation amount: 2l/h, irrigation quantity arrives till the water seepage of open drain.
Claims (1)
- The improvement of a Muddy Bottoms marine solonchak with utilize method, carry out as follows:A. set up water supply system: beat the fresh water well, water pump is installed, lay water supply line;B. set up draining and drench salt system: drench the salt drain ditch at soil remediation district excavation and build little raised fields, depth of drainage ditch is to subterranean water level; The small-sized pouring salt of excavation open drain in the middle of little raised fields, the draining furrow ditch of the longitudinal and transverse perforation of excavation between drain ditch and open drain;C. improve the soil and foster and apply fertilizer: use become thoroughly decomposed maize straw fertilizer and ardealite, with excavator ardealite is ploughed deeply and mixing with soil with the maize straw fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed;D. salt is drenched in the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching: fill with at least fresh water three times in the soil remediation district take little raised fields as unit, each irrigation quantity is with the about 10cm of the depth of water in the raised fields, keeping 24 hours is standard, the nature seepage, fall to doing after, again fill with fresh water, salinity in the 40-50cm soil layer is drenched to water table down downstream, and the rear soil salt of pouring water descends more than 1.0%;E. vegetation is planted and manages and protects:ⅰ. the soil tractor-ploughing, sun the earth which has been ploughed up: tilling depth 20cm; Machinery rotary tillage 2-3 time, rotary tillage degree of depth 20cm; Manually do furrow, thin flat furrow face;ⅱ. vegetation is planted: next year begins to plant behind soil remediation, First Year plant comprise Tamarix hispida, the dish that nourishes heart, lotus certain herbaceous plants with big flowers, red-spotted stonecrop, bamboo willow, the Betula halophila salt tolerant limit be higher than 0.6% salt-tolerant plant; Second Year is planted the general plant of salt resistance ability along with the decline of soil salt;ⅲ. planting system: adopt the large ridge of little furrow planting method, the wide 2m of the furrow of planting, vegetation is planted the direction of furrow and drain ditch, open drain in the same way, is draining furrow ditch in the middle of the furrow, plays high 30～40cm with ridger, the large ridge of wide 90cm;ⅲ. vegetation pouring: the drip irrigation irrigating plant, drip irrigation pipe is arranged on single ridge, direction is identical with the plant setting direction, dripper spacing is decided according to plant density, the drip irrigation amount with the open drain water seepage till.
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| CN102577687B (en) * | 2012-03-12 | 2015-06-17 | 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 | Comprehensive improving method for coastal saline soil |
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| CN102754585A (en) * | 2012-05-14 | 2012-10-31 | 东营三明林业发展股份有限公司 | Method for planting saline pines and alkali pines in region with high salinity and alkality |
| CN102783284B (en) * | 2012-09-05 | 2014-08-06 | 哈尔滨工业大学 | Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge |
| CN102860207B (en) * | 2012-09-26 | 2014-04-02 | 四川省农业科学院园艺研究所 | Ditching and mulching cultivation method for water-bed ridge planting |
| CN102939806B (en) * | 2012-11-21 | 2014-11-26 | 清华大学 | Method and system for desalting soil of coastal saline and alkaline land |
| CN103214321B (en) * | 2013-05-22 | 2014-10-08 | 河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所 | Method for adjusting and restoring seashore saline soil by brackish water |
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| CN112166730A (en) * | 2020-11-02 | 2021-01-05 | 青岛农业大学 | Inverted convex planting ditch for saline-alkali soil and construction method and application thereof |
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