CN102783284B - Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge - Google Patents
Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783284B CN102783284B CN201210325655.7A CN201210325655A CN102783284B CN 102783284 B CN102783284 B CN 102783284B CN 201210325655 A CN201210325655 A CN 201210325655A CN 102783284 B CN102783284 B CN 102783284B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating saline-alkali soil, in particular to a method for treating saline-alkali soil through a dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge. The method aims at resolving the technical problem that soil hardening is easily caused in the existing method for treating saline-alkali soil by utilizing an irrigation and drainage system, and the improvement effect is short in time duration in the chemical method for treating saline-alkali soil. The method includes building a dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge system on the saline-alkali soil which comprises a drainage main groove, secondary dry grooves, fur grooves, a one-way infiltration neutralization well, a two-way infiltration neutralization well and a slope protection belt, enabling the drainage main groove, the secondary dry grooves, the fur grooves to form a gridding system with the middle high and the periphery reduced in the ladder shape, setting the one-way infiltration neutralization well in the secondary dry groove, setting the two-way infiltration neutralization well at the position of an intersection opening of the two secondary dry grooves and conducting crop shifting agriculture on saline-alkali soil parcel defined by the fur grooves to finish treatment of saline-alkali soil. By means of the method for treating saline-alkali soil, alkalinity is reduced by 60% and salinity is reduced by 70% after 1 year to 2 years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to administer the method in saline land.
Background technology
The salinization of soil mainly results from geographical configuration and the weather conditions of self, and the human factor impacts such as oil exploitation and overgraze can be that soil is exposed and add the existing patch collection degree of heavy saline, and further spread.Salinization and alkalization has stronger seasonal fluctuations, and is subject to the leading of WATER LEVEL CHANGES and oil field reinjection water, and the formation mechanism in saline land is comparatively complicated.Tradition administration way as the alkaline land improving technology such as river construction, agrotechnique, physics, chemistry, biology and measure have different effects, has also been obtained good achievement in improvement in the past.The method of utilizing irrigation and drainage system with functions to administer saline land adopts storage fresh water on saline-alkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, the buck of draining, and subterranean water level is controlled at below critical depth simultaneously, reaches Soil Desalting and prevents salination object.But it is large to fill with row's method quantities, input cost, operating cost and later stage cost of labor are higher, not only consume water resource, take away a large amount of useful mineral elements, impoverish the soil, also water source, downstream is caused to chronic pollution, and alternation of wetting and drying repeatedly in the row of filling, the topsoil of soil easily hardens, and Ecological Distribution of Soil Microorganisms adaptability reduces.The method of utilizing chemical method improvement saline land is gas permeability and the fertility that increases soil by adding coal desulfurization discarded object, industrial waste acid, peat and gypsum, soil conditioner etc., for growing of plant created suitable condition, often can receive at short notice effect, but these measures consume greatly, once and these measures stop, salinity in soil can recover again very soon, and improved effect is difficult to lasting.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the short technical problem of method improvement effect duration that the existing method of utilizing irrigation and drainage system with functions to administer saline land easily causes soil compaction and utilizes chemical method improvement saline land, and the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula Gansu Province is provided.
The method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula of the present invention Gansu Province is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on saline land, build the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain, inferior hondo, Mao Gou, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit and bank protection band, draining tap drain, the square net system of inferior hondo, hair ditch formation rule, this system is high in the middle of being, the shape of the stepped reduction of surrounding, wherein the distance between adjacent and parallel draining tap drain is 400m～500m, the degree of depth of draining tap drain is 1.5～1.8m, and bottom width is 0.8～2.0m; Inferior hondo is arranged in the square net being made up of draining tap drain, and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo is at a distance of 80～100m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo is 1.0～1.5m, and inferior hondo bottom width is 0.8～1.2m; In the square net being formed by inferior hondo, along the edge of time hondo, the bank protection band that width is 0.3m～1m is set, on bank protection band, plant one or more plants in arrow-leaved oleaster or reed, alkali grass, stinkgrass flower, Calamagrostis epigejos, meadow pine, Russian pigweed and Bai Ci; A mao ditch is set in the region surrounding at bank protection band, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch is at a distance of 8.5～9.5m, and the degree of depth of hair ditch is 0.3～0.6m, and the bottom width of hair ditch is 0.3～0.6m;
Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit is set in inferior hondo, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit comprises housing I, deflector and acid filler, wherein be provided with water inlet in the bottom of housing I sidewall, bottom at the sidewall relative with the sidewall that is provided with water inlet is provided with delivery port, be respectively equipped with deflector at the upper base of housing I with going to the bottom, being located at the angle that the deflector of upper base and upper base form is α, wherein α is 90 °～120 °, be located at the deflector of going to the bottom with the angle forming of going to the bottom be β, wherein β is 90 °～120 °; In housing I, fill acid filler, wherein acid filler is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Crossing at two hondos arranges two-way diafiltration neutralization pit, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit comprises housing II, longitudinal water inlet, longitudinal water outlet, horizontal deflector, filler, horizontal water inlet, horizontal delivery port, fixed axis and longitudinal wing plate, wherein in the bottom of a sidewall of housing II, longitudinal water inlet is set, in the housing sidewall bottom relative with longitudinal water inlet place sidewall, longitudinal water outlet is set, the lower limb of longitudinal water outlet is than the high 5～15cm of the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet;
In the lower sidewall vertical with longitudinal water inlet place sidewall, horizontal water inlet is set, in the housing II lower sidewall relative with horizontal water inlet place sidewall, horizontal delivery port is set; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port is than the high 5～15cm of the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet; Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II, guiding device is made up of horizontal deflector, fixed axis and longitudinal wing plate, laterally on deflector and longitudinal wing plate, be all provided with axis hole, wherein the axis of the axis hole of horizontal deflector is perpendicular to the place plane of horizontal deflector, the axis of the axis hole of longitudinal wing plate overlaps with the center line of longitudinal wing plate length direction, and fixed axis is alternately fixed on the sidewall at two ends of housing II through the axis hole of horizontal deflector and longitudinal wing plate; The angle that the horizontal deflector on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 90 °～120 °, and the housing angle forming with the horizontal deflector of lower floor of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 90 °～120 °; The horizontal deflector on upper strata and the horizontal deflector of lower floor are crisscross arranged;
In housing, fill acid filler, wherein acid filler is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Two, in the saline land field surrounding at hair ditch 3, below topsoil, 40～60cm place arranges the husky isolation strip that thickness is 20～30cm, adopting Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop and plant to take turns ploughs, adopt and draw the husky alkali of pressing at crop growth period, make soil salt content reach salt content in 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.5%～2.0%, complete the improvement in saline land.
The common feature that salinized soil forms be salinity constantly to topsoil accumulation, and this salinity is in the migration of surface layer with to gather be to form under certain environmental condition.Therefore, the key procedure in Saline-alkali Field Control is to change existing environmental condition, and blocking-up causes the inducement of saline Land, to ensure the lasting effect of amendement.Salinization of soil process comprises salinization and two different soil-forming processes of alkalization, or under this compound action, forms complicated salinized soil distribution.Therefore, Saline-alkali Field Control not only will stop NaCI, CaC
12, Na
2sO
4, MgSO
4; The salinization accumulating in top layer and the soil body Deng neutral or nearly neutral salt and formation root thereof, also will avoid in the process of desalting, due to the Na in the soil solution
+the alkalization process that the soil solution high alkalinity tendency that enters soil colloid and cause and soil physical properties worsen.Affect the main monomial factor organic matter that has water, salt, vegetation and leave over that saline-alkali soil generates, landform, weather conditions are all outside indirect acting factors.Therefore, set up taking " harnessing the river " as basis, control the water salinity of a suitable for plant growth of soil, " fostering and apply fertilizer ", for basic, constantly increases the content of organic matter in soil, improves soil structure, is a practical comprehensive improvement measure.
Model of the present invention is high in the middle of being, trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of the network type of the shape of the stepped reduction of surrounding, the escape canal that the degree of depth differs is set around farming soil, and be divided into different regions and grade, utilize physical features difference and environmental quality, make water flow to lower from eminence, form continuous drainage system, reach the object of administering saline land.Trapezoidal high platform irrigation canals and ditches network integration crops and saline alkali tolerant plant replace farming, improve soil structure and rhizospheric microorganism environment by agrotechnique and chemical method fertilising, promote crop survival and growth, reach and control the saline and alkaline variation of soil and the effect of accumulation.As the retaining process of Rice Cropping and the leaching by precipitation in rainy season, can be at the sidewall of hair ditch by saline and alkaline the separating out in soil, after time hondo and draining tap drain collect, discharge.In this process, water and salt exist dynamic variation metastatic rule: in the time of rainfall or irrigation water-break, in soil, salinity is along with the motion of current is washed into drain ditch (i.e. hair ditch, inferior hondo and draining tap drain) and deep subsoil, the salinity of upper soll layer just decreases, and has formed so-called pressure salt effect; And after rainfall or irrigation water-break, the drain ditch water yield increases water level and uprises, drain ditch inner salt alkali concn is low, and the salinity in soil, because the difference of concentration gradient is transferred in drain ditch, causes salinity in ditch to increase gradually, and part salinity is deposited in ditch; In drain ditch, after the long-term evaporation of water body, water level reduces, and salt alkali concn is high, and ditch inner salt partite transport moves to deep subsoil.According to this metastatic rule moving in circles of water salt, drain ditch is communicated with each other, form a relatively complete drainage system, and suitably keep height of water level to impel salinity unnecessary in soil to carry out transfer movement, thereby discharge saline land.For ensureing the robustness on field ditch ridge, at the saline alkali tolerant plant such as arrow-leaved oleaster or the reed bank protection of planting within the scope of time hondo bottom 0.3m～0.6m.
Trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of network type is by precipitation and irrigation, and washed out soil salinity repeatedly, makes the Salt And Alkali Tolerance index of soil be met plant growth.In the region of classification, the tableland surrounding of hair ditch composition is provided with controllable type cofferdam, make deep mixed gate by thin wall concrete plate, stone or other corrosion-resistant simple and easy material, ensure that crop is irrigated in seedling phase sprinkling and maintenance, soaked field phase, the needs of soil moisture conservation.This lasting salt discharge, has avoided the restriction of season and temperature, and the scope of application is more extensive.Simultaneously, in order to prevent brackish water polluted underground water or other plant again, antiseepage isolation strip or antiseepage film can be set between escape canal, stop the transfer of solubility salt, then by ion-exchange or chemical precipitation method, salinity unnecessary in soil is fundamentally separated, avoid secondary pollution welding.In the enforcement of this system, need to determine according to situation on the spot distance, the degree of depth and the gradient of escape canal, test definite various parameters and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching form by part, reach optimized regulation effect.
Diafiltration neutralization pit arranges between time hondo, arranges loose filling-material structure (point pouch is loaded) in well, can be divided into unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit according to the difference of setting position.Put in inferior hondo stage casing unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit inflow direction, the saline-alkali water of reception & disposal single direction, and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is arranged on time hondo crossing, processes the saline-alkali water that both direction is separated out.In crop pouring or rainfall, salt and alkali component in soil dissolves in water, along with the motion of current separates with soil, enter in the hair ditch in Gao Tai soil, and be arranged on diafiltration neutralization pit inside in time hondo and be provided with the flap of water conservancy diversion, and extend the time of staying of current in well, make the distribution of current in well more even, be conducive to saline-alkali water and fully contact with filling-material structure, to increase the effect of neutralization reaction.Filler adopts acid filler, utilizes physics chemical action between the two, in and the pH value of fluid, finally reach the improvement object in saline and alkaline soil, these acid filler costs are lower, easily acquisition.And through operation after a while, the acid filler in well can clean at any time and change, and has avoided microorganism to grow in a large number on filler, the phenomenon of stopping up space occurs.The replacing of filler, also removes end reaction thing along band, has avoided shedding neutralization reactant that spent acid and other neutralizer process cause and reside in the problem of soil, totally thorough to the processing of saline-alkali water.The neutralization pit of scattering device adopts lightweight zinc-aluminium-alloy case, is easy to install and carrying; Also can adopt thin-wall reinforced concrete plate (8cm left and right) to form, cheap, have compared with strong corrosion resistant performance.
The key that trapezoidal high stage body is operating mode is will carry out crop wheel to plough, utilizing after the salt discharge of Rice Cropping maximal efficiency, changing in time water-saving agriculture or plantation saline alkali tolerant plant, slowly improveing soil structure and microbiologic population, both avoid soil compaction, also adapted to arid and semi-arid area surroundings.Major measure is the drought-enduring anti-saline alkali tolerant plant of plantation, adopts the Novel irrigation mode such as drip irrigation and spray irrigation, pipe filling, solves the problem of insufficient water sources, also can prevent the soil salinization, promotes plant growth, improves output and quality.In addition, also can be in good time, appropriateness adopts various physical methods, chemical method and tillage control measure, as auxiliary, can improve salt affected soil regulation effect by efficient hardening.The saline land of administering by method of the present invention, after 1～2 year, reduces by 60% with respect to basicity before administering, and salinity lowers 70%.
The method in improvement of the present invention saline land has multiple advantage compared with traditional method:
1. trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of network type can be irrigated and rainfall in conjunction with crops and plant growth period, separates out substantially by saline and alkaline, operates simple and easy effective.
2. the end of trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system internal drainage tap drain of network type bottom arranges reverse osmosis unit, can effectively tackle, saline and alkaline and free cation in adsorbed water, avoids Secondary Saline to occur.
3. the wheel of crops and plant is ploughed and soil adjusting timely, can avoid the adverse effect of Saline-alkali Field Control process to soil structure, avoids soil compaction and salinization, alkalization repeatedly, keeps regulation effect.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the high bench-type classification ditch of the dialysis formula Gansu Province system schematic described in embodiment one, in figure, 1 is draining tap drain, 2 is that time hondo, 3 is that a hair ditch, 4 is that unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit, 5 is that two-way diafiltration neutralization pit, 6 is bank protection band, the direction that the arrow in figure is water flow;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 described in embodiment one, in figure 7 for housing I, 7-1 be that the sidewall of the sidewall of stream that meets water of housing I, backwater that 7-2 is housing I stream, upper base, 7-4 that 7-3 is housing I are the going to the bottom of housing I, 7-5 is water inlet, 7-6 is delivery port, 8 is that deflector, 9 is acid filler, and α is the upper base 7-3 of housing I and the angle that deflector 8 forms; β is the angle that go to the bottom 7-4 and the deflector 8 of housing I forms; Arrow in figure is the direction of water flow;
Fig. 3 is that the axle of the two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 described in embodiment one measures intention, in figure, remove upper cover, in figure, 10 is that housing II, 12 is longitudinal water outlet, and 13 is that horizontal deflector, 15 is that horizontal water inlet, 17 is that fixed axis, 19 is that water inlet for subsequent use, 20 is grid;
Fig. 4 is that the axle of the two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 described in embodiment one measures intention, in figure, remove the sidewall at upper cover and horizontal delivery port 16 places, in figure, 10 is housing II, 11 is that longitudinal water inlet, 12 is longitudinal water outlet, and 13 is that horizontal deflector, 17 is that fixed axis, 18 is that longitudinal wing plate, 20 is grid;
Fig. 5 is that the axle of the two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 described in embodiment one measures intention, in figure, remove the sidewall at upper cover and horizontal delivery port 16 places, in figure, 10 is housing II, and 11 is that longitudinal water inlet, 13 is that horizontal deflector, 17 is that fixed axis, 18 is longitudinal wing plate;
The longitudinal sectional drawing schematic diagram that Fig. 6 is two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5; In figure, 10 is housing II, and 11 is that longitudinal water inlet, 13 is that horizontal deflector, 14 is that acid filler, 20 is grid.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the method in the improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula Gansu Province of present embodiment is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on saline land, build the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain 1, inferior hondo 2, hair ditch 3, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 and bank protection band 6, draining tap drain 1, the square net system of inferior hondo 2, hair ditch 3 formation rules, this system is high in the middle of being, the shape of the stepped reduction of surrounding, wherein the distance of 1 of adjacent and parallel draining tap drain is 400m～500m, the degree of depth of draining tap drain 1 is 1.5～1.8m, and bottom width is 0.8～2.0m, inferior hondo 2 is arranged in the square net being made up of draining tap drain 1, and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo 2 is at a distance of 80～100m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo 2 is 1.0～1.5m, and inferior hondo 2 bottom width are 0.8～1.2m, in the square net being formed by inferior hondo 2, along the edge of time hondo 2, the bank protection band 6 that width is 0.3m～1m is set, on bank protection band 6, plant one or more plants in arrow-leaved oleaster, reed, alkali grass, stinkgrass flower, Calamagrostis epigejos, meadow pine, Russian pigweed and Bai Ci, mao ditch 3 is set in the region surrounding at bank protection band 6, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch 3 is at a distance of 9m left and right, and the degree of depth of hair ditch 3 is 0.3～0.6m, and the bottom width of hair ditch 3 is 0.3～0.6m, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 is set in inferior hondo 2, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 comprises housing I 7, deflector 8 and acid filler 9, wherein be provided with water inlet 7-5 in the bottom of housing sidewall 7-1, bottom at the housing sidewall 7-2 relative with water inlet 7-5 place sidewall 7-1 is provided with delivery port, upper base 7-3 at housing is respectively equipped with deflector 8 with the 7-4 that goes to the bottom, the deflector 8 that is located at upper base 7-3 is α with the angle that upper base 7-3 forms, wherein α is 90 °～120 °, the deflector 8 that is located at the 7-4 that goes to the bottom is β at the angle forming with the 7-4 that goes to the bottom, wherein β is 90 °～120 °, in housing, fill acid filler 9, wherein acid filler 9 is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue,
Crossing at two hondos arranges two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 comprises housing II, longitudinal water inlet 11, longitudinal water outlet 12, horizontal deflector 13, filler 14, horizontal water inlet 15, horizontal delivery port 16, fixed axis 17 and longitudinal wing plate 18, wherein in the bottom of a sidewall of housing II, longitudinal water inlet 11 is set, in the housing sidewall bottom relative with longitudinal water inlet 11 place sidewalls, longitudinal water outlet 12 is set, the lower limb of longitudinal water outlet 12 is than the high 5～15cm of the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet 11;
In the lower sidewall vertical with longitudinal water inlet 11 place sidewalls, horizontal water inlet 15 is set, in the housing II lower sidewall relative with horizontal water inlet 15 place sidewalls, horizontal delivery port 16 is set; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port 16 is than the high 5～15cm of the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet 11; Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II, guiding device is made up of horizontal deflector 13, fixed axis 17 and longitudinal wing plate 18, laterally on deflector 13 and longitudinal wing plate 18, be all provided with axis hole, wherein the axis of the axis hole of horizontal deflector 13 is perpendicular to the place plane of horizontal deflector, the axis of the axis hole of longitudinal wing plate 18 overlaps with the center line of longitudinal wing plate 18 length directions, and fixed axis 17 is alternately fixed on the sidewall at two ends of housing II through the axis hole of horizontal deflector 13 and longitudinal wing plate 18; The angle that the horizontal deflector 13 on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 90 °～120 °, and the housing angle forming with the horizontal deflector 13 of lower floor of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 90 °～120 °; The horizontal deflector 13 on upper strata is crisscross arranged with the horizontal deflector 13 of lower floor;
At the acid filler 14 of the interior filling of housing II 10, wherein acid filler 14 is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Two, in the saline land field surrounding at hair ditch 3, below topsoil, 30～60cm place arranges the husky isolation strip that thickness is 20～30cm, adopting Salt And Alkali Tolerance crop and plant to take turns ploughs, adopt and draw the husky alkali of pressing at crop growth period, make soil salt content reach salt content in 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.5%～2.0%, complete the improvement in saline land.
The method in the improvement saline land of present embodiment has the following advantages compared with traditional method: trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of network type can be irrigated and rainfall in conjunction with crops and plant growth period, separate out saline and alkaline substantially, operate simple and easy effective, be arranged on the diafiltration neutralization pit in ditch, can effectively tackle, saline and alkaline and free cation in adsorbed water, avoid Secondary Saline to occur; The wheel of crops and plant is ploughed and soil adjusting timely, can avoid the adverse effect of Saline-alkali Field Control process to soil structure, avoids soil compaction and salinization, alkalization repeatedly, keeps regulation effect.The saline land of administering by the method for present embodiment, after 1～2 year, reduces by 60% with respect to basicity before administering, and salinity lowers 70%.
In present embodiment, the shape of high in the middle of building into, the stepped reduction of surrounding of the square net system of rule, can make draining tap drain, and the water in inferior hondo and hair ditch flow to lower by eminence, and this shape also can utilize the natural physical features of salt alkali salt to form.
In present embodiment, the lower limb of the longitudinal water outlet of two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is higher than the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet, and laterally the lower limb of delivery port is higher than the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet, can ensure water also acid filler fully contact, ensure except saline and alkaline effect; Guiding device is by horizontal deflector, fixed axis, longitudinally wing plate forms, and multiple horizontal deflectors and multiple longitudinal wing plate are alternately through on fixed axis, longitudinally wing plate can be with the impact of water body rotational angle, thereby reduce the resistance of longitudinal wing plate convection cell.
Embodiment two: the saline and alkaline plant that what present embodiment was different from embodiment one is in step 2 is alkali grass, reed, paddy rice, corn or cotton.Other is identical with embodiment one.
Present embodiment is different according to different regions, the north can maize planting, coastal can plant cotton.
Embodiment three: what present embodiment was different from embodiment one or two is in step 1 in the square net being made up of hair ditch 3, along the edge of hair ditch 3, cofferdam is set.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
The cofferdam of present embodiment is accomplished by resistant material, and resistant material is concrete slab or stone; Open by straightforward procedure in cofferdam, to ensure that crop is irrigated in seedling phase sprinkling and maintenance, soaked field phase, the needs of soil moisture conservation.
Embodiment four: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to three is that in step 1, draining tap drain 1 intersection arranges reverse osmosis unit or ion exchange column.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
In present embodiment in high bench-type escape canal network tap drain intersection and lead to each wetland, passage place, pool, concentrated setting reverse osmosis unit or ion exchange column, by reverse osmosis or ion exchange technique, maximize and process the transfer that stops solubility salt, then by ion-exchange or chemical precipitation method, salinity unnecessary in soil is fundamentally separated, avoid secondary pollution welding.
Embodiment five: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to four is that two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 also comprises at least one water inlet 19 for subsequent use, and water inlet 19 for subsequent use is positioned at horizontal water inlet 15 tops.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to four.
The setting of water inlet 19 for subsequent use is the rainwater that deposit when discongesting heavy rain, accelerates treatment progress.
Embodiment six: the material of what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to five the is housing of the unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit described in step 1 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is that zinc-aluminium-alloy or thickness are 7～10cm armoured concrete slab.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to six is that in step 1, α is 100 °～110 °, and β is 100 °～110 °.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment eight: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to seven is that in step 1, γ is 100 °～110 °, and δ is 100 °～110 °.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to eight is, on all water inlets of unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5, grid 20 is installed.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
The installation of grid is in order to prevent that foreign material from entering into unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 or two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5, results in blockage.
Embodiment ten: 45～55cm place below what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to nine is in step 1 in step 2 husky isolation strip is positioned at topsoil, the thickness of husky isolation strip is 22～28cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to nine.
Embodiment 11: what present embodiment was different from one of embodiment one to ten is adopts and draw the husky alkali of pressing at crop growth period in step 2 in step 2, makes soil salt content reach salt content in 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.8%～1.7%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test one: the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on the saline land of test region that is positioned at Longfeng District, Daqing, build the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain 1, inferior hondo 1, hair ditch 3, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 and bank protection band 6, draining tap drain 1, inferior hondo 1, hair ditch 3 form the grid systems such as square, rectangle, this system is high in the middle of being, the shape of the stepped reduction of surrounding, wherein the distance of 1 of adjacent and parallel draining tap drain is 400m～500m, the degree of depth of draining tap drain 1 is 1.6m, and bottom width is 0.8m; Inferior hondo 2 is arranged in the square net being made up of draining tap drain 1, and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo 2 is at a distance of 90m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo 2 is 1.0m, and inferior hondo 2 bottom width are 0.9m; In the square net being formed by inferior hondo 2, along the edge of time hondo 2, the bank protection band 6 that width is 0.5m is set, on bank protection band 6, plant arrow-leaved oleaster and corn; Mao ditch 3 is set in the region surrounding at bank protection band 6, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch 3 is at a distance of 9m, and the degree of depth of hair ditch 3 is 0.45, and the bottom width of hair ditch 3 is 0.3m;
Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 is set in inferior hondo 2, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 is made up of housing I 7, deflector 8 and acid filler 9, wherein be provided with water inlet 7-5 in the bottom of housing sidewall 7-1, be provided with delivery port 7-6 in the bottom of the sidewall 7-2 relative with sidewall 7-1, upper base 7-3 at housing is respectively equipped with deflector 8 with the 7-4 that goes to the bottom, the deflector 8 that is located at upper base 7-3 is α with the angle that upper base 7-3 forms, wherein α is 120 °, the deflector 8 that is located at the 7-4 that goes to the bottom is β at the angle forming with the 7-4 that goes to the bottom, and wherein β is 120 °; In housing, fill acid filler 9, wherein acid filler 9 is desulfurated plaster;
Crossing at two hondos arranges two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 comprises housing II, longitudinal water inlet 11, longitudinal water outlet 12, horizontal deflector 13, filler 14, horizontal water inlet 15, horizontal delivery port 16, fixed axis 17 and longitudinal wing plate 18, wherein in the bottom of a sidewall of housing II, longitudinal water inlet 11 is set, in the housing sidewall bottom relative with longitudinal water inlet 11 place sidewalls, longitudinal water outlet 12 is set, the lower limb of longitudinal water outlet 12 is than the high 10cm of the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet 11;
In the lower sidewall vertical with longitudinal water inlet 11 place sidewalls, horizontal water inlet 15 is set, in the housing II lower sidewall relative with horizontal water inlet 15 place sidewalls, horizontal delivery port 16 is set; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port 16 is than the high 10cm of the lower limb of longitudinal water inlet 11; Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II, guiding device is made up of horizontal deflector 13, fixed axis 17 and longitudinal wing plate 18, laterally on deflector 13 and longitudinal wing plate 18, be all provided with axis hole, wherein the axis of the axis hole of horizontal deflector 13 is perpendicular to the place plane of horizontal deflector, the axis of the axis hole of longitudinal wing plate 18 overlaps with the center line of longitudinal wing plate 18 length directions, and fixed axis 17 is alternately fixed on the sidewall at two ends of housing II through the axis hole of horizontal deflector 13 and longitudinal wing plate 18; The angle that the horizontal deflector 13 on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 120 °, and the housing angle forming with the horizontal deflector 13 of lower floor of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 120 °; The horizontal deflector 13 on upper strata is crisscross arranged with the horizontal deflector 13 of lower floor;
At the acid filler 14 of the interior filling of housing II 10, wherein acid filler 14 is acid industrial sulphuric acid ammonium waste residue; Grid 20 covers on longitudinal water inlet 11 and horizontal water inlet 15;
Two, in the saline land field surrounding at hair ditch 3, below topsoil, 40cm place arranges the husky isolation strip that thickness is 30cm, First Year rice cultivation, Second Year maize planting is taken turns and is ploughed, adopt and draw the husky alkali of pressing at crop growth period, the salt content that soil salt content is reached in 0cm～30cm soil horizon is being less than 0.3%, completes the improvement in saline land.
In step 1, in the square net being made up of hair ditch 3, along the edge of hair ditch 3, cofferdam is also set, cofferdam is accomplished by resistant material, and resistant material is concrete slab; Ensure that crop is irrigated in seedling phase sprinkling and maintenance, soaked field phase, the needs of soil moisture conservation.
The material of the housing of the unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit described in step 1 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is that thickness is 8cm armoured concrete slab.
The sampling before and after administering of the test region of this test detects, and indices is as shown in table 1 below.
Near the test region in the saline land dragon and phoenix wetland of Daqing is after the improvement of 2 years, and before relatively administering, basicity reduces by 60%, and salinity lowers 70%.
Claims (10)
1. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province, is characterized in that the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on saline land, build the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system, the high stepladders classification ditch of dialysis formula Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain (1), inferior hondo (2), hair ditch (3), unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit (4), two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5) and bank protection band (6), draining tap drain (1), inferior hondo (2), the square net system of hair ditch (3) formation rule, it is high in the middle of this system is, the shape of the stepped reduction of surrounding, wherein the distance between adjacent and parallel draining tap drain (1) is 400m～500m, the degree of depth of draining tap drain (1) is 1.5～1.8m, bottom width is 0.8～2.0m, inferior hondo (2) is arranged in the square net being made up of draining tap drain (1), and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo (2) is at a distance of 80～100m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo (2) is 1.0～1.5m, and inferior hondo (2) bottom width is 0.8～1.2m, in the square net being formed by inferior hondo (2), edge along time hondo (2) arranges the bank protection band (6) that width is 0.3m～1m, one or more plants in the upper plantation of bank protection band (6) arrow-leaved oleaster, reed, alkali grass, stinkgrass flower, Calamagrostis epigejos, meadow pine, Russian pigweed and Bai Ci, a mao ditch (3) is set in the region surrounding at bank protection band (6), and adjacent and parallel hair ditch (3) is at a distance of 9m left and right, and the degree of depth of hair ditch (3) is 0.3～0.6m, and the bottom width of hair ditch (3) is 0.3～0.6m,
Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit (4) is set in inferior hondo (2), unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit (4) comprises housing I (7), deflector (8) and acid filler (9), wherein be provided with water inlet (7-5) in the bottom of housing sidewall (7-1), bottom in the housing sidewall (7-2) relative with water inlet (7-5) place sidewall (7-1) is provided with delivery port, upper base (7-3) at housing is respectively equipped with deflector (8) with go to the bottom (7-4), the deflector (8) that is located at upper base (7-3) is α with the angle that upper base (7-3) forms, wherein α is 90 °～120 °, the deflector (8) that is located at go to the bottom (7-4) is β with the angle that go to the bottom (7-4) forms, wherein β is 90 °～120 °, in housing, fill acid filler (9), wherein acid filler (9) is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue,
Crossing at two hondos arranges two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5), two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5) comprises housing II (10), longitudinally water inlet (11), longitudinal water outlet (12), laterally deflector (13), acid filler (14), laterally water inlet (15), laterally delivery port (16), fixed axis (17) and longitudinally wing plate (18), wherein in the bottom of a sidewall of housing II (10), longitudinal water inlet (11) is set, in the housing sidewall bottom relative with longitudinal water inlet (11) place sidewall, longitudinal water outlet (12) is set, the lower limb of longitudinal water outlet (12) is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of longitudinal water inlet (11), in the lower sidewall vertical with longitudinal water inlet (11) place sidewall, horizontal water inlet (15) is set, in the housing II lower sidewall relative with horizontal water inlet (15) place sidewall, horizontal delivery port (16) is set, laterally the lower limb of delivery port (16) is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of longitudinal water inlet (11), in housing II, arrange, lower two-layer guiding device, guiding device is by horizontal deflector (13), fixed axis (17) and longitudinally wing plate (18) form, laterally on deflector (13) and longitudinal wing plate (18), be all provided with axis hole, wherein the axis of the axis hole of horizontal deflector (13) is perpendicular to the place plane of horizontal deflector, longitudinally the axis of the axis hole of wing plate (18) overlaps with the center line of longitudinal wing plate (18) length direction, fixed axis (17) is alternately fixed on the sidewall at two ends of housing II through the axis hole of horizontal deflector (13) and longitudinal wing plate (18), the angle that the horizontal deflector (13) on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 90 °～120 °, and the housing angle forming with the horizontal deflector (13) of lower floor of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 90 °～120 °, the horizontal deflector (13) on upper strata is crisscross arranged with the horizontal deflector (13) of lower floor, in housing (10), fill acid filler (14), wherein acid filler (14) is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue,
Two, in the saline land field surrounding at Mao Gou (3), below topsoil, 40～60cm place arranges the husky isolation strip that thickness is 20～30cm, adopting saline alkali tolerant plant to take turns ploughs, adopt and draw the husky alkali of pressing at crop growth period, make soil salt content reach salt content in 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.5%～2.0%, complete the improvement in saline land.
2. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 Gansu Province, is characterized in that the saline alkali tolerant plant in step 2 is alkali grass, reed, paddy rice, corn or cotton.
3. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, is characterized in that in step 1 that the edge of Yan Maogou (3) arranges cofferdam in the square net being made up of hair ditch (3).
4. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, it is characterized in that two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5) also comprises at least one water inlet for subsequent use (19), water inlet for subsequent use (19) is positioned at horizontal water inlet (15) top.
5. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, is characterized in that in step 1, draining tap drain (1) intersection arranges reverse osmosis unit or ion exchange column.
6. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, the material that it is characterized in that the housing of the unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit described in step 1 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is that zinc-aluminium-alloy or thickness are 7～10cm armoured concrete slab.
7. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, is characterized in that in step 1, α is 100 °～110 °, and β is 100 °～110 °.
8. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, is characterized in that in step 1, γ is 100 °～110 °, and δ is 100 °～110 °.
9. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, is characterized in that in step 2 that husky isolation strip is positioned at 45～55cm place below topsoil, and the thickness of husky isolation strip is 22～28cm.
10. the method in improvement saline land, the high stepladders classification ditch of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 Gansu Province, it is characterized in that in step 2 adopting and drawing the husky alkali of pressing at crop growth period, make soil salt content reach salt content in 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.8%～1.7%.
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| CN103262727B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2016-02-03 | 中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心 | A kind of manufacture method of tail slag field reclamation returning-to-farmlanisolation isolation layer |
| CN104488391B (en) * | 2014-08-28 | 2017-05-17 | 重庆三峡学院 | Protective blanket used for land salinization control and manufacturing method thereof |
| CN108419473B (en) * | 2018-03-15 | 2021-04-13 | 浙江园冶生态建设有限公司 | Landscaping construction method for saline-alkali soil |
| CN109156240A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2019-01-08 | 江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所 | A kind of salt-soda soil blueberry container seedling suppression alkali field planting structure and method |
| CN111484189A (en) * | 2019-11-18 | 2020-08-04 | 西北农林科技大学 | Slope soil infiltration system for treating rural domestic sewage |
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