A kind of water conservancy system of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control
Technical field
The present invention relates to soil salinization Prevention Technique, special, the present invention relates to a kind of beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization Prevention Technique.
Background technology
Because facility cultivation can the manual control condition, thereby accelerate the growth of crop, improve the output of crop, realize that round-the-clock, the anniversary produces etc. simultaneously, facility cultivation has become a kind of important model that vegetables, melon and fruit are produced in the world at present.Yet under the long-term covering state in greenhouse or booth, water balance situation in soil is different from outdoor cultivation mode, cause in lower soil salinity and mineral nutrient with capillary rise to earth's surface, cause soil secondary salinization, the accumulation of soil salt content can cause soil liquid excessive concentration, cause crop " physiological drought ", cause that crop " lack of water arid " is the same as soil moisture content is low, physiological drought also can cause even death of crop failure.Thereby the facility soil secondary salinization has become affects the significant obstacle of the industrialized agriculture sustainable development factor.
At present, for the measure of facility beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, have a lot, take the water conservancy measure as example, comprising: 1. storage fresh water on saline-alkali land for leaching, build and deposit precipitation on every side at booth, impel Soil Desalting; 2. washing salinity by irrigation, adopt large quota to irrigate, and rinses the leaching soil salt, and discharge irrigated area through drainage system; 3. the draining dewatering is to the suitable degree of depth, and drainage pattern commonly used has gutter drainage, closed drainage, drainage by shaft wells; 4. dig soil moved in to improve the original under large cave, bottom is established separation layer and is oozed the pipe salt discharge; 5. surface water, underground water are combined utilization etc.
Yet, more or less there are some drawbacks in these measures, storage fresh water on saline-alkali land for leaching need to be built specially and build reservoir around booth, time-consuming, occupies a large amount of land areas; During the wholesale washing salinity by irrigation, need to consume a large amount of freshwater resources; In addition, adopt and dig soil moved in to improve the original under large cave, bottom is established separation layer and is oozed the pipe salt discharge and need to spend a large amount of human and material resources, financial resources, also can't produce a desired effect.Although various methodologies can be received certain effect, plastic shed soil " accumulation of salt in the surface soil " repeatability is stronger, and tool is not long-lasting to administer and prevent and treat secondary salinization, and all difficulty or ease fundamentally delay or the soil secondary salinization problem of facility for prevention and control booth.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is intended to address the aforementioned drawbacks, and a kind of water conservancy system of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control is provided.The secondary salinization that the present invention is convenient, effectively delay facility soil, and then the secondary salinization of control soil.
The present invention is achieved in that
A kind of water conservancy system of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, it comprises;
Be arranged on the irrigation canals and ditches in facility plastic greenhouse;
The fresh water collecting pipe of the collection rainwater that facility plastic greenhouse is outer, they all are connected to a total header;
The described irrigation canals and ditches of described general collection cross current are to send fresh water into irrigation canals and ditches.
The water conservancy system of described a kind of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, it also comprises that is arranged on the outer Buffer Pool of booth, described Buffer Pool is provided with an import that connects total header, the outlet of connection irrigation canals and ditches, and an overfall.
The water conservancy system of described a kind of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, the overfall place of described Buffer Pool is provided with a float valve.
The water conservancy system of described a kind of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, the cross section of described irrigation canals and ditches is an inverted trapezoidal that top margin is wider than base, its both sides hypotenuse is coated with sandstone plate or nonwoven, and upper opening is coated with removable cement board for walking.
The water conservancy system of described a kind of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, the import department of described irrigation canals and ditches is provided with a float valve.
Water conservancy remodeling method provided by the present invention is applicable to the control of soil secondary salinization in coastal region (groundwater table is more shallow) beam-connected greenhouse, water channel is excavated in utilization in booth, maintain the interior water level of water channel at 80cm ± 5cm, guarantee the source of the following soil moisture of arable layer, supplement because of the lost moisture of surface evaporation, simultaneously according to the osmosis principle, the balance of salinity in salinity and water channel water in promotion soil, in addition, arrange gap at the summer crop crops for rotation, provide wholesale fresh water to irrigate the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, reduce soil salt, then regularly draining.Thereby convenient, as effectively to delay facility soil secondary salinization, and then the secondary salinization of control soil.
The accompanying drawing explanation
Below, the invention will be further described by reference to the accompanying drawings:
Fig. 1 is water conservancy system schematic diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is A-A sectional view in Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
Refer to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, the present invention is achieved in that a kind of water conservancy system of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, and it comprises;
Be arranged on the irrigation canals and ditches 4 in facility plastic greenhouse 1; The cross section of described irrigation canals and ditches 4 is an inverted trapezoidal that top margin is wider than base, and the both sides hypotenuse is coated with sandstone plate 42 (or nonwoven), and upper opening is coated with removable cement board 5 for walking.
The fresh water collecting pipe 21 of the collection rainwater that facility plastic greenhouse 1 is outer, they all are connected to a total header 2;
Described total header 2 is communicated with described irrigation canals and ditches 4 fresh water is sent into to irrigation canals and ditches 4.
The water conservancy system of described a kind of coastal region beam-connected greenhouse soil secondary salinization control, it also comprises that is arranged on the outer Buffer Pool 3 of booth 1, and described Buffer Pool 3 is provided with one and connects the import of total header 2, outlet and an overfall of connection irrigation canals and ditches 4.The overfall place of the import department of described irrigation canals and ditches 4 and described Buffer Pool 3 is provided with respectively a float valve 31,41.
Below a specific embodiment of the present invention:
In certain garden spot beam-connected greenhouse, according to the invention process water conservancy, transform.This garden spot groundwater level depth 1.5m ± 0.3m, 1062 millimeters of average annual rainfalls, on year approximately 133 days rain day, rainfall is abundant.
The laying of fresh water collecting pipe 21: be the structure according to beam-connected greenhouse 1, lay fresh water collecting pipe 21 at the middle part of booth 1 pocket or edge, the internal diameter 6cm of fresh water collecting pipe 21, by the connected Buffer Pool 3 of drainage rainwater to facility plastic greenhouse 1 of each fresh water collecting pipe 21.
The structure of Buffer Pool 3: do not hindering under the prerequisite of transportation goods and materials in booth, select the assembly position of rainwater collection collector 21 the bests to construct Buffer Pool, each rainwater collection collector 21 can be gathered to a total header 2 and pass into Buffer Pool 3,8 meters of Buffer Pool 3 length, wide 5 meters, high 2 meters, maximum water retention capacity is 80 cubic metres, 2 pipelines (internal diameter of the pipeline 6cm) are set, and one leads to " trapezoidal " water channel, and another root connects to overfall gap.On these 2 pipelines, a water- control valve 31,41 respectively is installed simultaneously.
" trapezoidal " water channel: in water channel (cross section), upper base is 1.8m, goes to the bottom as 1.0m, and the degree of depth is 1.5m; The sandstone plate 42 that the water channel inwall is good by water permeability is piled up, and maintains at ordinary times water level in water channel and, at 80cm ± 5cm, can do irrigation water, in the season that rainwater is few, draws fresh water and enters water channel, within every 1 month, changes water 1 time simultaneously.In the middle of crops for rotation arrangement in summer, carry out broad irrigation, carry out the desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching, then draining.The water channel top covers movably cement board 5, is convenient to walking.
Through the enforcement of 3 years, facility soil salinization trend effectively contained, in soil, salt dynamics is as shown in table 1:
The impact of table 1 water conservancy transformation on the facility plastic greenhouse soil salt
After the water conservancy transformation, in facility soil, the soluble-salt total amount drops to 0.19% year by year, and according to " soil salinization graded index " (king abides by the degree, 1993), soil belongs to slight salinization, and with this understanding, large absolutely number plant can normal growth.
To the water conservancy transformation of facility beam-connected greenhouse, simultaneously in conjunction with the relevant control of protected crop rich water, facility soil remediation and improving technology, can slow down greatly the speed of the secondary salinization of soil, finally realize effectively preventing.