CN108432535B - Long-flowering-period hybridization breeding method for sweet osmanthus - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention provides a sweet osmanthus flower blooming period hybridization breeding method, which comprises the following steps: 1) pre-improving soil, constructing a drainage and supply system, applying a soil improvement fertilizer, and spraying a microbial inoculum; 2) the new generation of osmanthus fragrans is produced by hybridizing cinnabar and cinnamomum japonicum through hybridization combination selection and cultivation, and has the advantages of earlier flowering time than normal cinnabar, prolonged flowering phase, aromatic flavor and strong stress resistance.

Description

Long-flowering-period hybridization breeding method for sweet osmanthus

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for hybridizing and breeding osmanthus fragrans in a long flowering phase.

Background

Osmanthus plants, which are long-day plants, are favored to grow in the places with sufficient sunlight, thick soil layers and good drainage, and the soil is slightly sour and has the pH of 5.5-6.5. Alkaline earth is forbidden, water accumulation and soot are feared, cinnabar is a cinnamon species group, arbor is 5m high, irrigation width is 3 m, crown is spherical, compactness is medium, bark is light gray, smoothness is high, skin holes are sparse, flowering period is 8 months, the cinnabar is ahead of autumn cinnamon, flower is red, petals are 4-6 mm, each bud has 6-8 flowers, flower quantity is large, flower taste is thick, flowering period is about 15 days, negative resistance is poor, cinnabar is rich and noble, and the improved cinnabar has a wide market prospect; the Japanese cinnamon is a variety of sweet osmanthus (sweet osmanthus), is famous for continuously blooming and rich in fragrance, continuously blooms for more than 8 months in a blooming period of 9 months to 4 months in the next year, still blooms for 1 to 2 times every 5 to 8 months, basically continuously blooms for the last year, has strong stress resistance, but has light flower color, and a new hybrid combination variety of the Japanese cinnamon and the cinnabar cinnamon does not appear in the market.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention aims to provide a sweet osmanthus flower-growing period hybridization breeding method which has wide application range, long flowering period of a new generation of sweet osmanthus flower, strong fragrance and strong stress resistance.

In order to solve the technical problems, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

the sweet osmanthus long-flowering-period hybrid breeding method comprises the following steps:

1) land pre-improvement

Step one, constructing a drainage and supply system, namely deeply ploughing a predetermined cultivation land for 20-40 centimeters, leveling, and taking the condition that soil is finely crushed and has no obvious large blocks as a standard; then, building a shed selection area, excavating an open ditch, laying a seepage pipe, a hidden pipe and a water collecting pipe, wherein the open ditch, the hidden pipe and the water collecting pipe are communicated and are used for controlling the underground water level and supplying nutrition;

step two, applying a soil improvement fertilizer comprising pig manure, activated carbon, humic acid, furfural residues, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, a water-retaining agent and a compound fertilizer, carrying out rotary tillage after each application, spraying a microbial inoculum comprising azotobacter, phosphate solubilizing bacteria, potassium solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, zymocyte and the like, and circulating for multiple times;

2) hybrid combinatorial selection and breeding

Selecting cinnamomum japonicum and cinnamomum cinnabarinum as a hybridization combination according to a breeding target with a long flowering period and strong fragrance, transplanting robust branches on aged cinnamomum japonicum and cinnamomum cinnabarinum trees for more than 20 years in a high-pressure mode to serve as seedlings, planting the seedlings in a preset cultivation place at a row spacing of 60-80cm and a breadth of 30-40cm, and spraying a compound sodium nitrophenolate liquid every two days within one month after transplanting;

step two, applying a nutrient through a drainage and supply system every 10-15 days in 4-5 months in the next year, mainly applying the nutrient in 6-7 months and every 10 days;

collecting and culturing flower branches, namely selecting strong and well-developed male Cinnabaris flower branches, filling the male Cinnabaris flower branches into a nutrient solution water culture tank, controlling the temperature to ensure that the male Cinnabaris flower branches bloom earlier than the Japanese cinnamon, brushing pollen into a glass vessel by using a brush pen after the male Cinnabaris flower branches bloom, and then placing the glass vessel for refrigeration;

step four, pollinating, namely putting the male flower pollen on the female flower stigma when the Japanese cinnamomum subavenium female flower stigma is bright and secretes transparent mucus, pollinating once every 10 hours for 3-4 times, and sleeving a breathable plastic bag;

and fifthly, removing partial infructescence to prevent seeds from falling, and storing the mature infructescence according to the combination.

Further, in the step two in the step 1) of land pre-improvement, the cycle time is 4-6 times.

Further, in the step two of 1) land pre-improvement, the preferable formula of the soil improvement fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of pig manure, 5-15 parts of activated carbon, 25-40 parts of humic acid, 15-25 parts of furfural residue, 8-10 parts of compound fertilizer and 1-1.2 parts of water-retaining agent.

Further, in the step two in the step 1) of land pre-improvement, the microbial inoculum is preferably prepared according to the following weight parts: 20-30 parts of azotobacter, 15-25 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 10-20 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 5-8 parts of antibiotic bacteria and 15-30 parts of zymocyte.

Further, in the second step, the infiltration pipe is a PVC pipe and is buried between 40cm and 120cm underground, the hidden pipe is communicated with the infiltration pipe and the hidden pipe is communicated with the open ditch, the infiltration pipe intercepts underground water and discharges the underground water to the hidden pipe, the underground water is intensively discharged to the open ditch through the hidden pipe, the underground water level is controlled below the critical depth, and meanwhile, the hidden pipe can be used for directly applying the nutrient to the root soil.

Further, in the step two of 2) hybridization combination selection and cultivation, the optimal formula proportion of the nutrient is as follows: 80% of decomposed and thin pig manure liquid, 0.5% of calcium superphosphate, 0.3% of sodium orthovanadate and 19.2% of compound fertilizer.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. by constructing a drainage and supply system, the underground water can be effectively intercepted, the original underground water is prevented from hindering the growth of the osmanthus trees, and the soil can be improved by pouring a nutrient into a concealed conduit, improving a fertilizer solution and the like, so that the osmanthus trees are free from the limitation on a slightly acidic growing land and can be widely transplanted to a saline-alkali area and the like.

2. Through the construction of a drainage and supply system, the environmental factors for the growth of the osmanthus fragrans trees are controllable, the interference on hybridization experiments is reduced, and the experimental results are accurate.

3. The cinnamomum japonicum and cinnamomum japonicum are selected as a hybrid combination, and the characteristics of long flowering phase and strong stress resistance of cinnamomum japonicum are utilized to improve cinnamomum japonicum, so that the flowering phase of cinnamomum japonicum is prolonged, and the stress resistance of cinnamomum japonicum is enhanced.

4. The cross breeding method is reasonable, and can effectively improve the quality of the cinnamomum cassia.

Detailed Description

The following detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention is provided in connection with the examples to make the technical solutions of the present invention easier to understand and master.

The sweet osmanthus long-flowering-period hybrid breeding method comprises the following steps:

1) land pre-improvement

Firstly, constructing a drainage and supply system, deep ploughing about 20-40 cm of a predetermined cultivation land, preferably deep ploughing 30 cm, leveling, and finely crushing soil without obvious large blocks; then building a greenhouse selected area, wherein the greenhouse selected area adopts a semicircular plastic greenhouse structure, preferably the greenhouse selected area can be added with temperature control equipment, the flowering phase of the osmanthus tree can be changed conveniently through the change of temperature, the open ditch is excavated, particularly, channels are excavated at the two side edges of the greenhouse selected area, the greenhouse selected area is connected with a water collecting pipe through a water pump and other tools, the drainage is facilitated, and infiltration pipes, hidden pipes and the water collecting pipe are laid, particularly, the infiltration pipes are embedded in the preset cultivation ground depth of 40cm, 80cm and 1.2m in a gradient manner, the water in the soil is drained, preferably, a filter layer at the periphery of the infiltration pipes can be made of high polymer materials with sparse holes, the soil is prevented from entering, the infiltration pipes are embedded in a certain angle in an inclined manner, the drainage is facilitated, the hidden pipes are connected at the end parts of the infiltration pipes at one side, the water collecting pipes are embedded at the bottom parts of the hidden pipes, the underground water level is controlled, the nutrition is supplied, the underground water is prevented from hindering the growth of the osmanthus tree, on the other hand, the growth of the osmanthus tree can be controlled by injecting fertilizer liquid and the like, and the influence of components in the soil on the growth of the osmanthus tree is avoided as much as possible;

step two, applying a soil improvement fertilizer comprising pig manure, activated carbon, humic acid, furfural residues, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, a water-retaining agent and a compound fertilizer, carrying out rotary tillage after each application, spraying a microbial inoculum comprising azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, zymocyte and the like, circulating for 4-6 times, and according to the preferable formula of the soil improvement fertilizer in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of pig manure, 5-15 parts of activated carbon, 25-40 parts of humic acid, 15-25 parts of furfural residue, 8-10 parts of compound fertilizer and 1-1.2 parts of water-retaining agent, wherein the weight parts of the bacteria applying agent are applied according to the proportion of 30 kg/mu, and the weight parts of the preferable formula of the bacteria applying agent are as follows: 20-30 parts of azotobacter, 15-25 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 10-20 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 5-8 parts of antibiotic bacteria and 15-30 parts of zymocyte, and spraying according to 50 g/mu;

2) hybrid combinatorial selection and breeding

Selecting the Japanese cinnamon and the Cinnamomum cassia as a hybridization combination according to breeding targets with long flowering period, strong fragrance and strong stress resistance, transplanting robust branches on the Japanese cinnamon and Cinnamomum cassia old trees for more than 20 years in a high-pressure mode to serve as seedlings, specifically, firstly selecting the robust branches, circularly cutting the branches at a position 10-12 cm away from the branches once, circularly cutting the branches at a position 3 cm above the branches once, completely peeling off cortex between two circular cutting lines by a knife to expose xylem, and preparing culture soil before binding: mixing sandy soil or fertile vegetable garden soil (without perennial root weeds), sawdust and moss according to the proportion of 1: 0.5, adding fertilizer or undecided organic fertilizer, kneading into lumps with humidity by hand, slightly wet-printing, preparing plastic films (50-60 plants can be pressed per 1kg of film) and plastic tapes with the humidity of 50% naphthylacetic acid 2000 times of liquid, mixing with loess into paste, applying the paste on an annular peeling wound to induce adventitious roots, wrapping the lower end of the film around the lower 4 cm of the annular peeling part, binding the lower end of the film on a branch by using the plastic tapes, kneading the cultured soil into a soil mass with the weight of 1kg, wrapping the soil mass on the whole cut (3 cm above the upper girdling line), reversely covering the film on the soil mass, wrapping the film and the soil mass into olive-shaped soil balls with the diameter of 10 cm by hand, tightly binding the film on the upper end of the soil balls, the film joints are overlapped to prevent water in the soil mass from evaporating, the examination is carried out 15-20 days after layering, if the wound is mildewed and rotted, the pressure is changed in time, when a plurality of adventitious roots can be seen from the outside of the film, layering seedlings can be temporarily planted away from the tree and planted in a preset cultivation place with the row spacing of 60-80cm and the breadth of 30-40cm, and the compound sodium nitrophenolate liquid is sprayed every two days in one month after transplanting to promote the development of the root system;

step two, because of high-pressure transplantation, the osmanthus seedlings can be applied with the nutrient through a drainage and supply system in 4-5 months every 10-15 days in the next year, and the nutrient is preferably selected according to the formula proportion: 80% of decomposed and thin pig manure liquid, 0.5% of calcium superphosphate, 0.3% of sodium orthovanadate and 19.2% of compound fertilizer, and applying a nutrient every 10 days for 6-7 months to supplement nutrition;

collecting and culturing flower branches, namely selecting thick and well-developed male Cinnabaris flower branches, filling the thick and well-developed male Cinnabaris flower branches into a nutrient solution water culture tank, controlling the temperature to ensure that the male Cinnabaris flower branches flower earlier than the Japanese cinnamon, controlling the temperature to be 16-18 ℃, brushing pollen into a glass ware by using a brush pen after the male Cinnabaris flower branches flower, and then placing the glass ware for refrigeration;

step four, pollinating, namely when the stigmas of the Evolvulus alsinoides are bright and secrete transparent mucus, putting male pollen on the stigmas of the female flowers, pollinating for 3-4 times once every 10 hours, and sleeving an air-permeable plastic bag to prevent other pollen from entering and influencing the experimental result;

and fifthly, removing partial infructescence to prevent seeds from falling, and storing the mature infructescence according to the combination.

Example 1

In this example, first, 1) land pre-improvement was carried out

Step one, constructing a drainage and supply system, namely deeply ploughing about 30 centimeters of a predetermined cultivation land, leveling, and finely crushing soil without obvious large blocks; then, building a selected shed area, wherein the selected shed area adopts a semicircular plastic shed structure, an air conditioner is installed in the selected shed area, the temperature is adjusted, open ditches are dug at the edges of two sides of the selected shed area, the depth of each ditch is 1.5m, the selected shed area is connected with a water collecting pipe through a water pump tool, infiltration pipes are embedded in the preset cultivation ground at the positions of 40cm, 80cm and 1.2m in echelon, the water in the soil is discharged, a filter layer is arranged on the periphery of each infiltration pipe, the filter layer is made of polyurethane materials with sparse holes, the soil is prevented from entering, the infiltration pipes are integrally embedded at an inclination angle of 0.5 degrees, the water is convenient to discharge, the hidden pipes are connected with the end parts of the infiltration pipes on one side, the water collecting pipes are embedded at the bottoms of the hidden pipes and are used for controlling the underground water;

step two, applying a soil improvement fertilizer comprising pig manure, activated carbon, humic acid, furfural residues, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, ferrous sulfate, a water-retaining agent and a compound fertilizer, carrying out rotary tillage after each application, spraying a microbial inoculum comprising azotobacter, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, potassium-solubilizing bacteria, antibiotic bacteria, zymocyte and the like, circulating for 5 times, and mixing the soil improvement fertilizer according to the weight part ratio: 80 parts of pig manure, 5 parts of activated carbon, 30 parts of humic acid, 15 parts of furfural residues, 9 parts of compound fertilizer and 1 part of water-retaining agent, wherein the weight parts of the fertilizer applied per mu are as follows: 25 parts of azotobacter, 20 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 15 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 8 parts of antibiotic bacteria and 30 parts of zymocyte, and spraying according to 50 g/mu;

2) hybrid combinatorial selection and breeding

Selecting the Japanese cinnamon and the Cinnamomum cassia as a hybridization combination according to breeding targets of long flowering phase, strong fragrance and strong stress resistance, transplanting robust branches of 22-year-old Japanese cinnamon and Cinnamomum cassia trees in a high-pressure mode to serve as seedlings, selecting the robust branches, performing circular cutting on the branches at a position 10-12 cm away from the branches, performing circular cutting on the branches at a position 3 cm above the branches, completely binding off cortex between two circular cutting lines by using a knife, exposing xylem, and preparing culture soil before: mixing sandy soil or fertile vegetable garden soil (without perennial root weeds), sawdust and moss according to the proportion of 1: 0.5, adding no chemical fertilizer or non-decomposed organic fertilizer, kneading the mixture into a mass with humidity by hand, slightly showing wet marks, preparing plastic films (55 plants can be pressed per 1kg of film) with the length of 45 cm and the width of 35cm and plastic belts at the same time, mixing 2000 times of liquid of 50% naphthylacetic acid with loess to form paste, applying the paste to an annular peeling wound to induce adventitious roots, wrapping the lower end of the film around the lower 4 cm part of the annular peeling by using the plastic belts, then kneading the cultured soil into a soil mass with the weight of 1kg, wrapping the soil mass on the whole cut (3 cm from the upper girdling line), reversely covering the film on the soil mass, wrapping the film and the soil mass into olive-shaped soil balls with the diameter of 10 cm by hand, tightly wrapping the film against the upper end of the soil balls, and overlapping the film joints, the method is characterized in that soil mass moisture is prevented from evaporating, inspection is carried out 16 days after layering, wounds are free of mildew and rot, layering seedlings are temporarily planted away from trees when a plurality of adventitious roots can be seen from the outside of a film, planting is carried out in a preset cultivation place at the row spacing of 70cm and the width of 35cm, and the liquid with the volume of 400 times that of sodium nitrophenolate is sprayed every two days within one month after transplanting, so that root development is promoted;

step two, because of high-pressure transplantation, the osmanthus seedlings are applied with the nutritional agents through a drainage and supply system every 10 days in 4-5 months in the next year according to the formula proportion of the nutritional agents of 5 kg/mu: 80% of decomposed and thin pig manure liquid, 0.5% of calcium superphosphate, 0.3% of sodium orthovanadate and 19.2% of compound fertilizer are applied for 6-7 months, and a nutrient is applied every 10 days, and 3 kg/mu is supplemented with nutrition;

collecting and culturing flower branches, selecting thick and well-developed male cinnabar flower branches, preserving flower buds, filling the flower buds into a nutrient solution water culture tank, controlling the temperature at room temperature to be 20 ℃ to ensure that the male cinnabar flower branches bloom earlier than the Japanese cinnamon, controlling the temperature in a greenhouse to be 16 ℃, controlling the flowering time of the Japanese cinnamon to be later than that of the Japanese cinnamon, brushing pollen into a glass vessel by using a writing brush after the male cinnabar flower branches bloom, and then placing the glass vessel for refrigeration;

step four, pollinating, namely when the stigmas of the Evolvulus alsinoides are shiny and secrete transparent mucus, putting male pollen on the stigmas of the female flowers, pollinating for 3 times at intervals of 10 hours, and sleeving an air-permeable plastic bag to prevent other pollen from entering and influencing the experimental result;

and step five, removing partial infructescence according to a proportion of 10 percent to prevent seeds from falling, and storing the infructescence respectively according to the combination after the infructescence is mature.

The seeds produced by the method are respectively subjected to outdoor trial seeding in three places of Suzhou, Zhengzhou and Beijing in 2009, and bloom after 6 years of planting, wherein 2016 is obtained, the flowering time of a new variety in the Suzhou region is 8 months and 16 days, the Zhengzhou region is 8 months and 18 days, the Beijing region is 8 months and 20 days, and the following data are obtained by 2017:

watch 1

	Survival rate	Incidence of disease	Rate of worm formation	Growth vigor of plants
					Suzhou province	88％	6.2％	7.1％	Luxuriant leaves, more root hairs and thick leaves
Zhengzhou province	86％	8.6％	7.8％	Luxuriant leaves, more root hairs and thick leaves
					Beijing	84％	8.9％	7.9％	Has few weak branches

Watch two

	Florescence/day	Age of flowering	Flowering time
				Suzhou province	22	6	15
Zhengzhou province	20	6	13
				Beijing	19	6	12

Note: the data in Table II are mean values of 2016/2017 years in two consecutive years;

flowering time: 2016/2017, comparing the average days of the same Cinnamomum cassia blossoming time;

according to the first table, it can be known that in three climatic regions, the new species of osmanthus fragrans hybridized by the breeding method has good growth vigor, the survival rate is higher than 80%, the morbidity and the insect growth rate gradually increase along with the change of the climate and are lower than 10%, the plant growth vigor is good, and partial weak branches exist in Beijing regions.

According to the second table, the new species hybrid by the breeding method can bloom in 6 years in all three places, the traditional Cinnamomum cassia seeding method can bloom for more than 10 years, the flowering time of the new species hybrid by the breeding method is shortened, the traditional Cinnamomum cassia flowering time is about 15 days, the minimum flowering time of the new species hybrid by the breeding method is 19 days, the flowering time of the traditional Cinnamomum cassia is 9-10 months, and the new species hybrid by the breeding method can bloom 12 days earlier than the traditional Cinnamomum cassia and is aromatic in flavor.

The above is, of course, only a specific application example of the present invention, and the scope of the present invention is not limited in any way. All the technical solutions formed by equivalent transformation or equivalent replacement fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. The sweet osmanthus long-flowering-period hybridization breeding method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

1) land pre-improvement

Step one, constructing a drainage and supply system, namely deeply ploughing a predetermined cultivation land for 20-40 centimeters, leveling, and taking the condition that soil is finely crushed and has no obvious large blocks as a standard; then, building a shed selection area, excavating an open ditch, laying an infiltration pipe, a hidden pipe and a water collecting pipe, wherein the open ditch, the hidden pipe and the water collecting pipe are communicated and used for controlling the underground water level and supplying nutrition, the infiltration pipe is a PVC pipe and is buried between 40cm and 120cm underground, the hidden pipe is communicated with the infiltration pipe and is communicated with the open ditch, the infiltration pipe intercepts the underground water to the hidden pipe and is intensively discharged into the open ditch through the hidden pipe, the underground water level is controlled to be at the critical depth, and meanwhile, a nutrient can be directly applied to root soil through the hidden pipe;

step two, applying a soil improvement fertilizer, comprising the following components in parts by weight: 80-95 parts of pig manure, 5-15 parts of activated carbon, 25-40 parts of humic acid, 15-25 parts of furfural residues, 8-10 parts of compound fertilizer and 1-1.2 parts of water-retaining agent, wherein the application is carried out according to 30 kilograms per mu, rotary tillage is carried out after each application, and microbial inoculum is sprayed and comprises 20-30 parts of azotobacter, 15-25 parts of phosphate solubilizing bacteria, 10-20 parts of potassium solubilizing bacteria, 5-8 parts of antibiotic bacteria and 15-30 parts of zymocyte, and the spraying is carried out according to 50 grams per mu for multiple times;

2) hybrid combinatorial selection and breeding

Selecting cinnamomum japonicum and cinnamomum cinnabarinum as a hybridization combination according to breeding targets of long flowering phase, strong fragrance and strong stress resistance, transplanting robust branches of aged cinnamomum japonicum and cinnamomum cinnabarinum trees for more than 20 years in a high-pressure mode to serve as seedlings, planting the seedlings in a preset cultivation place at a row spacing of 60-80cm and a breadth of 30-40cm, and spraying compound sodium nitrophenolate liquid every two days in one month after transplanting;

step two, in the next 4-5 months of the year, applying a nutrient through a drainage and supply system every 10-15 days, mainly decomposed and thin pig manure liquid, applying the nutrient every 10 days in 6-7 months, wherein the formula proportion of the nutrient is as follows: 80% of decomposed and thin pig manure liquid, 0.5% of calcium superphosphate, 0.3% of sodium orthovanadate and 19.2% of compound fertilizer, wherein the weight is 3 kg/mu;

collecting and culturing flower branches, namely selecting strong and well-developed male Cinnabaris flower branches, filling the male Cinnabaris flower branches into a nutrient solution water culture tank, controlling the temperature to ensure that the male Cinnabaris flower branches bloom earlier than the Japanese cinnamon, brushing pollen into a glass vessel by using a brush pen after the male Cinnabaris flower branches bloom, and then placing the glass vessel for refrigeration;

step four, pollinating, namely putting the cinnamomum japonicum male flower pollen on the stigmas of the female flowers when the stigmas of the cinnamomum japonicum are bright and secrete transparent mucus, pollinating for 3-4 times once every 10 hours, and sleeving a breathable plastic bag;

and fifthly, removing partial infructescence to prevent seeds from falling, and storing the mature infructescence according to the combination.

2. The long-flowering-period hybrid breeding method for osmanthus fragrans according to claim 1, wherein in the step two of 1) land pre-improvement, the cycle times are 4-6.