CN102926362B - Pollution control and emission reduction method for farmland drainage - Google Patents
Pollution control and emission reduction method for farmland drainage Download PDFInfo
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- CN102926362B CN102926362B CN201210456740.7A CN201210456740A CN102926362B CN 102926362 B CN102926362 B CN 102926362B CN 201210456740 A CN201210456740 A CN 201210456740A CN 102926362 B CN102926362 B CN 102926362B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a pollution control and emission reduction method for farmland drainage. The pollution control and emission reduction method comprises the following steps: arranging a drainage ditch on the drainage side of the farmland, arranging a solidifying protective slope on the side slope of the drainage ditch, planting hygrophyte on the protective slope, and arranging submerged alga plants inside the drainage ditch; arranging water level control gates inside the drainage ditch in a segmented way and controlling the height of the water level of each segment inside the drainage ditch according to the field elevation change status; connecting a drainage river way at the downstream of the drainage ditch, and arranging a flow division control valve at the connected part of the drainage ditch and the drainage river way, wherein the flow division control valve comprises a water inlet, an overflow port and a water permeation hole, wherein a water permeation tube is connected to the water permeation hole; and the water permeation tube is embedded inside the bank slope of the drainage river way. Compared with the prior art, the pollution control and emission reduction method for farmland drainage effective retains and purify the draining water of the farmland, so that on one hand, the effect of precipitation is exerted and the planted hygrophyte can also sufficiently absorb nitrogen and phosphorus contaminant ions in the water, and on other hand, the rice can use part of underground water due to elevation of the underground water level to improve the utilization efficiency of the water.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to agricultural drain and area source pollutants technical field of emission reduction, be specifically related to a kind of method for designing being separated with water-logging drainage for realizing daily draining, cutting down the control drainage ecological ditch of agricultural drain and area source pollutants output thereof.
Background technology
Widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area is one of main source causing water quality to damage; U.S. environment protection general administration has been classified as agricultural the first pollution source in river, the whole America and lake, the migration in soil such as agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer and having become international serious ecological and environmental problem to the pollution etc. of soil and water.Taihu Lake basin is one of most economically developed area of Chinese society.Since the sixties in 20th century, along with rapid development of economy, Taihu Lake water pollution obviously increases the weight of, and water environment worsens increasingly.At present; the lake, river in full basin 70% is polluted, and the water quality of river of 80% is lower than three class water quality standards of national regulation, and full Lake Water reaches eutrophication, Local Gravity eutrophication; cause the water quality water resources crisis in basin, directly have influence on the socioeconomic sustainable development in basin.At present, Ring theory dose is up to 400 ~ 600kg/hm
2, considerably beyond the Rational Application amount of fertilizer, and due to reasons such as farmland irrigating drainage way to manage are unreasonable, utilization rate of fertilizer is less than 15%.Statistics shows, Hangzhoupro of Around Taihu Lake, good, lake is regional and Soviet Union, tin, normal regional paddy field area about 1,080,000 hm
2, dry land 17.5 ten thousand hm
2, be respectively 12.5 kg/hm by year total N load of paddy field and nonirrigated farmland unit area
2and 11.0kg/hm
2meter, the N total amount that year runs off is respectively 1.35 ten thousand t and 0. 19 ten thousand t.Too high chemical fertilizer amount of application and irrational irrigation, drainage pattern cause farmland nitrogen phosphorus to run off in a large number the major reason be on the rise with pollution of area source.
(the unnecessary water in field is collected mainly through the header be embedded under farmland in closed drainage, with dewatering, preventing stain evil) the control water discharge technology that first grows up of area is (by installing water lev el control facility on outlet pipe, raise to certain journey outlet water level), be proved to be the effect having and reduce agricultural drain and pollution of area source thereof, this technology mainly arranges control device in the outlet of closed drainage system, the groundwater table in field is regulated by regulable control facility, reach drainage water reuse, the effect that improvement stain evil and minimizing draining are polluted Cheng Guo district.Corresponding water level management building has been developed for closed drainage.In China, for different irrigated areas feature, a collection of scholar begin one's study open drain control water discharge technology, although propose the water lev el control facility of some gutters outlet, but these not yet form concrete method for designing in actual application, control the facility means of draining also simpler and cruder, some technology in Ecology and aquatic ecological restoration field are applied and does not also start.Therefore draining is controlled for open drain, the method for designing of a set of control drainage ecological ditch is proposed, be the active demand improving Agricultural Water utilization ratio, reduce the pollution of area source problem of agricultural drain and generation thereof, in the southern irrigated area of China based on rice cultivation, there is very important practical value and wide application prospect.
Summary of the invention
the object of the invention is to:
Technical problem to be solved by this invention be to provide a kind ofly fall stain and water logging control requirement in conjunction with farmland, control dewatering needs, the pollution control discharge-reducing method of the agricultural drain of pollution of area source demand for control, meeting under water logging control designing requirement condition, the process respectively realizing the daily draining of high concentration low discharge and the water-logging drainage of high flow rate light concentration is discharged, and provides technological means for Water Resources Irrigation efficiency utilization and agricultural non-point pollution reduce discharging.
technical scheme of the present invention is:
A pollution control discharge-reducing method for agricultural drain, comprises the following steps:
The first step, gutter is set in agricultural drain side, the side slope in gutter is arranged solidification bank protection, hygrophyte planted by bank protection, in the ditch of gutter, arrange heavy water algae;
Second step, in gutter subsection setup water lev el control lock, control the height of each section of water level in gutter according to field elevation situation of change;
3rd step, gutter downstream connect draining river course, in the junction in gutter and draining river course, shunting valve is set, this shunting valve has water inlet, overfall and permeable mouth, described water inlet connects gutter, described overfall connects draining river course, connect a water-permeable pipe at described permeable mouth, this water-permeable pipe is embedded in draining river course bank slope and forms water-permeable pipe-bank slope filtration system.
The tool plug draining bottom outlet of at least one diameter 10-20cm is set bottom described altitude valve.
Described water-permeable pipe-bank slope filtration system is made up of geotextiles and packing layer.
compared with prior art, the present invention achieves following technique effect:
(1) realize open drain by the water lev el control lock of subsection setup and control draining, effectively retain and purify the draining of farmland (especially Period of paddy planting), the effect of precipitation can be played on the one hand, the hygrophyte simultaneously planted also fully can absorb the nitrogen and phosphorus pollution ion in water, and by raising groundwater table, make rice in utilization part underground water, improve the utilization ratio of water;
(2) in the design of water lev el control lock, the water yield exceeding crest level automatically from top overflow, when plant Dry crop have stain demand is fallen and time, then can open bottom outlet to realize, and keep certain depth of water in ditch by the design of minimum eco-grounderwater level, maintain the water demand for natural service of ditch implants;
(3) in gutter, outlet arranges shunting valve with draining river course (outer river or middle ditch) intersection, shunting valve can realize daily draining (low discharge high concentration) and introduce water-permeable pipe-bank slope filtration system and realize intensive treatment, thus storm drain (cross big yield, concentration is lower) is discharged by overflow manner, realize daily draining and be separated with water-logging drainage, control draining and emergent coordination of draining flooded fields.
(4) result of the test shows, after gutter arranges water lev el control lock realization control draining, and TN, NH in draining
4 +-N, NO
3 --N, TP and CODMn loss load comparatively farm ditch conventional drainage decrease 48.3%, 50.4%, 42.9%, 68.6% and 72.6% respectively, pollution control Be very effective.
(5) there are in rice-Mai (rape) crop rotation district promotion and application be widely worth.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the inventive method gutter rough package drawing;
Fig. 2 is the B-B sectional drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 3 is the A-A sectional drawing of Fig. 1;
Fig. 4 is shunting valve floor map of the present invention;
The 1-1 section elevation (direction, parallel ditch) of Fig. 5 Fig. 4;
Fig. 6 is the 2-2 section elevation (direction, vertical row ditch) of Fig. 4
Fig. 7 is water-permeable pipe of the present invention-bank slope filtration system schematic diagram.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing 1-7, technical solution of the present invention is described in detail.
(1) first engineering layout (as Fig. 1) is carried out according to the concrete condition of draining control farmland 2 scope, wherein the water lev el control lock 3 in gutter 1 is according to elevation situation of change subsection setup in face, field in control range, general about 150-200m arranges one, water lev el control lock 3 can be suitably increased when elevation changes greatly, arranging shunting valve 4 in the intersection, draining river course 7 in downstream, gutter 1 (presses to both sides (during the alternate layout of the row of filling) or one-sided (during the adjacent layout of the row of filling) according to irrigation and drainage system with functions arrangement principle respectively, embankment inside in river course 7 buries the water-permeable pipe 6-1 being surrounded by anti-geotextiles 6-3 and loaded filter 6-2 underground, composition bank slope filtration system 6, and in water-permeable pipe 6-1 tail end reserved flushing desilting outlet 5,
(2) according to control area situation and Drainage Design standard, design according to water drainage prevention against water-logging standard by trapezoidal cross-section (as Fig. 2) and build gutter, requirement falls in the ratio that bottom of trench meets draining, and keeps permeable;
(3) ecological revetment is carried out to raceway groove side slope, improve the stability of raceway groove side slope, prevent caving in of raceway groove side slope, here gabion net bank protection 1-1 is adopted, humidogene native plants 1-2 is planted in the mesh of gabion net bank protection 1-1, and in ditch the heavy aquatic organism 1-3 such as step-by-step arrangement hornwort, waterweed, poly-algae, utilize plant absorption can realize the purification of agricultural drain;
(4) in gutter 1 according to the elevation information in control range farmland 2, every 150m arranges water lev el control lock 3, retain upstream drainage, water lev el control flashboard 3-2 crest level H3 is set as face, field lowest elevation in the control range of upstream, the tool plug draining bottom outlet 3-1 of reserved diameter 10-20cm bottom water lev el control lock 3, elevation H2 at the bottom of hole falls stain demand according to wheatland and is defined as below face, minimum field 80cm, and makes to retain 10cm eco-grounderwater level in ditch;
(5) in gutter 1 outlet, shunting valve 4(inner bottom elevation H4 is set with Wai He 7 intersection and is set as 90cm below face, minimum field in control range), stain requirement is set as 80cm below face, minimum field in control range by elevation at the bottom of the upstream water inlet culvert pipe 4-1(of diameter 50cm by upstream by gutter 1) be connected with shunting valve 4, shunting valve 4 inside is regulated to connect by culvert pipe 4-5 the PVC hidden pipe that water-permeable pipe 6-1(caliber is 30-40cm in the both sides of bypass damper 4-3 upstream, elevation at the bottom of entrance is by same culvert pipe of intaking), entrance arranges trashrack 4-4, water-permeable pipe 6-1 extends near the irrigation canal of both sides, and afterbody overflow well 5(desilting of holding concurrently is set at afterbody flushes out well, crest level is 20cm below face, minimum field in control range), bypass damper 4-3 crest level is similarly 20cm below face, minimum field in control range, bypass damper 4-3 downstream enters outer river 7(draft journey with the inner elevation of shunting valve by the drainage culvert 4-2 of diameter 50cm),
(6) water-permeable pipe 6-1 arranges along the side slope in outer river 7, gradient controls about 1/2000, water-permeable pipe 6-1 adopts geotextiles 6-3 parcel, outside arranges 10-20cm thick packing layer 6-2(zeolite or gravel, particle diameter adopts 5-30mm), more than filler 6-2 covers the soil layer 7-1 of 10-20cm thickness, and arranges plant according to outer stream stage situation.In the selection of plant, emphasis adopts that dirt-removing power in native plants is strong, good purification, has the plant of certain tolerance.Arrange within the scope of the upper and lower 20cm of Waterfront areas ordinary water level that very water class plant 7-3(is as reed and hay grass), more than ordinary water level turf 7-2(height wool grass or Korea lawn grass are set along river levee) cover, in profundal zone, mainly through arranging that submerged plant 7-4 reaches the effect of purifying water body, submerged plant adopts hornwort, waterweed, poly-algae etc., suitably arranges floating plant 7-5(lotus, water chestnut etc. according to water surface situation).
Claims (2)
1. a pollution control discharge-reducing method for agricultural drain, is characterized in that, comprise the following steps:
The first step, gutter is set in agricultural drain side, the side slope in gutter is arranged solidification bank protection, hygrophyte planted by bank protection, in the ditch of gutter, arrange heavy water algae;
Second step, in gutter subsection setup water lev el control lock, the height of each section of water level in gutter is controlled according to field elevation situation of change, water lev el control flashboard crest level is set as face, field lowest elevation in the control range of upstream, exceed the water yield of crest level automatically from top overflow, water lev el control pocket floor portion arranges the tool plug draining bottom outlet of at least one diameter 10-20cm;
3rd step, gutter downstream connect draining river course, in the junction in gutter and draining river course, shunting valve is set, this shunting valve has water inlet, overfall and permeable mouth, described water inlet connects gutter, described overfall connects draining river course, connect a water-permeable pipe at described permeable mouth, this water-permeable pipe is embedded in draining river course bank slope and forms water-permeable pipe-bank slope filtration system.
2. according to the pollution control discharge-reducing method of the agricultural drain described in claim 1, it is characterized in that: described water-permeable pipe-bank slope filtration system is made up of geotextiles and packing layer.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN201210456740.7A CN102926362B (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2012-11-15 | Pollution control and emission reduction method for farmland drainage |
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| CN201210456740.7A CN102926362B (en) | 2012-11-15 | 2012-11-15 | Pollution control and emission reduction method for farmland drainage |
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| CN102926362A CN102926362A (en) | 2013-02-13 |
| CN102926362B true CN102926362B (en) | 2015-06-10 |
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104420676B (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2017-03-29 | 上海市农业科学院 | A kind of method for solving widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area |
| CN103964566B (en) * | 2014-05-21 | 2015-06-17 | 河海大学 | Reinforced purification device for first-level recession water quality of dry crop farmland |
| CN104591395B (en) * | 2015-01-27 | 2016-06-29 | 河海大学 | Plains region fills the water saving of row's coupling Ecological Irrigation District water circulation use and subtracts dirty method |
| CN104628143B (en) * | 2015-02-06 | 2017-05-17 | 河海大学 | Wetland decontamination method for drainage systems in ecological irrigation areas |
| CN104790698B (en) * | 2015-04-27 | 2017-08-11 | 河海大学 | Cross flow formula draining in irrigated area nonirrigated farmland, which is regulated and stored, purifies wetland constructing system |
| CN104963325A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-10-07 | 河海大学 | Whole wire net of farmland draining trench for ecological slope protection and construction method of farmland draining trench |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57143007A (en) * | 1981-03-01 | 1982-09-04 | Tadashi Shibata | Draining method |
| US4948294A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1990-08-14 | Innotag Inc. | Control device for underground drainage and irrigation network |
| CN201554013U (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-08-18 | 武汉大学 | Ecological pollution-decreasing drainage canal |
| CN102011379A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-04-13 | 上海交通大学 | Pollution control method of farmland drainage in plain tidal river network area |
| CN201817801U (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-05-04 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | Underground drainage device used in farmland |
| CN102145957A (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2011-08-10 | 河海大学 | Method for constructing agricultural drainage and ecological purification system |
| CN102227998A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2011-11-02 | 河海大学 | Concealed conduit system for both irrigation and drainage of farmland |
-
2012
- 2012-11-15 CN CN201210456740.7A patent/CN102926362B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS57143007A (en) * | 1981-03-01 | 1982-09-04 | Tadashi Shibata | Draining method |
| US4948294A (en) * | 1988-02-22 | 1990-08-14 | Innotag Inc. | Control device for underground drainage and irrigation network |
| CN201554013U (en) * | 2009-11-18 | 2010-08-18 | 武汉大学 | Ecological pollution-decreasing drainage canal |
| CN201817801U (en) * | 2010-09-01 | 2011-05-04 | 江苏省水利科学研究院 | Underground drainage device used in farmland |
| CN102011379A (en) * | 2010-10-22 | 2011-04-13 | 上海交通大学 | Pollution control method of farmland drainage in plain tidal river network area |
| CN102145957A (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2011-08-10 | 河海大学 | Method for constructing agricultural drainage and ecological purification system |
| CN102227998A (en) * | 2011-04-20 | 2011-11-02 | 河海大学 | Concealed conduit system for both irrigation and drainage of farmland |
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