CN102783284A - Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge - Google Patents
Method for treating saline-alkali soil through dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge Download PDFInfo
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- CN102783284A CN102783284A CN2012103256557A CN201210325655A CN102783284A CN 102783284 A CN102783284 A CN 102783284A CN 2012103256557 A CN2012103256557 A CN 2012103256557A CN 201210325655 A CN201210325655 A CN 201210325655A CN 102783284 A CN102783284 A CN 102783284A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for treating saline-alkali soil, in particular to a method for treating saline-alkali soil through a dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge. The method aims at resolving the technical problem that soil hardening is easily caused in the existing method for treating saline-alkali soil by utilizing an irrigation and drainage system, and the improvement effect is short in time duration in the chemical method for treating saline-alkali soil. The method includes building a dialysis type high platform ladder grading groove ridge system on the saline-alkali soil which comprises a drainage main groove, secondary dry grooves, fur grooves, a one-way infiltration neutralization well, a two-way infiltration neutralization well and a slope protection belt, enabling the drainage main groove, the secondary dry grooves, the fur grooves to form a gridding system with the middle high and the periphery reduced in the ladder shape, setting the one-way infiltration neutralization well in the secondary dry groove, setting the two-way infiltration neutralization well at the position of an intersection opening of the two secondary dry grooves and conducting crop shifting agriculture on saline-alkali soil parcel defined by the fur grooves to finish treatment of saline-alkali soil. By means of the method for treating saline-alkali soil, alkalinity is reduced by 60% and salinity is reduced by 70% after 1 year to 2 years.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to administer the method in saline land.
Background technology
The salinization of soil mainly results from geographical configuration and the weather conditions of self, and human factor influences such as oil exploitation and overgraze can be that the soil is exposed and increase the weight of the existing patch collection degree in saline land, and further spread.Salinization and alkalization then has stronger seasonal fluctuations, and receives the leading of WATER LEVEL CHANGES and oil field reinjection water, and the formation mechanism in saline land is comparatively complicated.The tradition administration way has different effects like alkaline land improving technology such as river construction, agrotechnique, physics, chemistry, biologies with measure, in improvement in the past, has also obtained good achievement.The method of utilizing irrigation and drainage system with functions to administer the saline land adopts storage fresh water on saline-alkali land for leaching, washing salinity by irrigation, the buck of draining, and simultaneously subterranean water level is controlled at below the critical depth, reaches the soil desalination and prevents the salination purpose.But it is big to irritate row's method quantities, and input cost, operating cost and later stage cost of labor are higher, not only consume water resources; Take away a large amount of useful mineral elements; Impoverish the soil, also the water source, downstream is caused chronic pollution, and irritate among the row repeatedly alternation of wetting and drying; The topsoil of soil hardens easily, and the edaphon annidation reduces.The method of utilizing chemical method improvement saline land is to increase the gas permeability and the fertility of soil through adding coal desulfurization discarded object, industrial waste acid, peat and gypsum, soil conditioner etc.; For growth and development of plant is created suitable condition; Often can receive effect at short notice, but these measures consumption greatly, and in a single day these measures stop; Salinity in the soil can recover again very soon, and improved effect is difficult to lasting.
Summary of the invention
The present invention will solve the existing method of utilizing irrigation and drainage system with functions to administer the saline land to be prone to cause soil compaction and the short technical problem of method improvement effect duration of utilizing chemical method improvement saline land, and provides the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province to administer the method in saline land.
The high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula of the present invention ditch Gansu Province is administered the method in saline land and is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on the saline land, builds the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system; The high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system comprises the draining tap drain; Inferior hondo, Mao Gou, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit and bank protection band, draining tap drain, the square net system of inferior hondo, hair ditch formation rule; The shape of height, stepped reduction all around in the middle of this system is; Distance between wherein adjacent and parallel draining tap drain is 400m～500m, and the degree of depth of draining tap drain is 1.5～1.8m, and bottom width is 0.8～2.0m; Inferior hondo is arranged in the square net that is made up of the draining tap drain, and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo is at a distance of 80～100m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo is 1.0～1.5m, and inferior hondo bottom width is 0.8～1.2m; In the square net that is made up of inferior hondo, the edge of edge time hondo is provided with the bank protection band that width is 0.3m～1m, one or more plants on the bank protection band among plantation arrow-leaved oleaster or reed, alkali grass, stinkgrass flower, Calamagrostis epigejos, meadow pine, Russian pigweed and the Bai Ci; A mao ditch is set in the zone that the bank protection band surrounds, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch is at a distance of 8.5～9.5m, and the degree of depth of hair ditch is 0.3～0.6m, and the bottom width of hair ditch is 0.3～0.6m;
Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit is set in inferior hondo; Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit comprises housing I, deflector and acid filler; Wherein be provided with water inlet, be provided with delivery port, be respectively equipped with deflector with going to the bottom at the upper base of housing I in the bottom of the sidewall relative with the sidewall that is provided with water inlet in the bottom of housing I sidewall; Being located at the deflector of upper base and the angle of upper base formation is α; Wherein α is 90 °～120 °, and being located at the deflector of going to the bottom is β at the angle with the formation of going to the bottom, and wherein β is 90 °～120 °; In housing I, fill acid filler, wherein acid filler is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Crossing at two hondos is provided with two-way diafiltration neutralization pit; Two-way diafiltration neutralization pit comprises housing II, vertical water inlet, vertical delivery port, horizontal deflector, filler, horizontal water inlet, horizontal delivery port, fixed axis and vertical wing plate; Wherein vertical water inlet is set in the bottom of the sidewall of housing II; With the relative housing sidewall bottom of sidewall, vertical water inlet place vertical delivery port is being set, vertically the lower limb of delivery port is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet;
With the vertical lower sidewall of vertical water inlet place sidewall horizontal water inlet is being set, horizontal delivery port is being set with the relative housing II lower sidewall of horizontal water inlet place sidewall; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet; Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II; Guiding device is made up of horizontal deflector, fixed axis and vertical wing plate; Laterally all be provided with axis hole on deflector and the vertical wing plate; Wherein laterally the axis normal of the axis hole of deflector is in the plane, place of horizontal deflector, and the vertically axis of the axis hole of wing plate and the vertical central lines of wing plate length direction, fixed axis alternately pass on the sidewall at two ends that horizontal deflector and the vertical axis hole of wing plate be fixed on housing II; The angle that the horizontal deflector on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 90 °～120 °, and the housing angle that horizontal deflector with lower floor forms of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 90 °～120 °; The horizontal deflector on upper strata and the horizontal deflector of lower floor are crisscross arranged;
In housing, fill acid filler, wherein acid filler is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Two, on field, the saline land piece that hair ditch 3 surrounds; 40～60cm place is provided with the husky isolation strip that thickness is 20～30cm below topsoil; Adopt salt tolerant alkali crop and plant to take turns cultivated; Draw the husky alkali of pressing in the crop growth period employing, make soil salt content reach the interior salt content of 0cm～30cm soil horizon, accomplish the improvement in saline land 0.5%～2.0%.
The common feature that salinized soil forms be salinity constantly to the topsoil accumulation, and this salinity is in the migration of surface layer with to gather be under certain environmental condition, to form.Therefore, the key procedure during the saline land is administered is to change existing environmental condition, and blocking-up causes the inducement of soil salinization of soil, to guarantee the lasting effect of amendement.Salinization of soil process comprises two different soil-forming processes of salinization and alkalization, or under this compound action, forms complicated salinized soil distribution.Therefore, the saline land is administered and not only will be stoped NaCI, CaC
12, Na
2SO
4, MgSO
4Deng salinization and the formation root thereof that neutral or nearly neutral salt accumulate in the top layer and the soil body, also to avoid in the process of desalting, because the Na in the soil solution
+The alkalization process that high basicity tendency of the soil solution that gets into soil colloid and cause and soil physical properties worsen.Influence the organic matter that main monomial factor that saline-alkali soil generates has water, salt, vegetation and leaves over, landform, weather conditions all are outside indirect acting factors.Therefore, foundation is the basis with " harnessing the river ", the water salinity of a suitable plant growing of control soil, and " fostering and apply fertilizer " for basic, the continuous increase content of organic matter is improved soil structure in soil, is a practical comprehensive improvement measure.
Trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of the network type of the shape of height, stepped reduction all around in the middle of the present invention at first sets up and is; The escape canal that the degree of depth differs is set around in the farming soil; And be divided into different zones and grade, and utilize physical features difference and environmental quality, make water flow to lower from eminence; Form continuous drainage system, reach the purpose of administering the saline land.Trapezoidal high platform irrigation canals and ditches network combines crops and saline alkali tolerant plant to replace farming; Improve soil structure and rhizospheric microorganism environment through agrotechnique and chemical method fertilising; Promote crop survival and growth, reach the saline and alkaline variation of control soil and the effect of accumulation.Like the retaining process of paddy rice plantation and the precipitation leaching in rainy season, can be at the sidewall of hair ditch with saline and alkaline the separating out in the soil, after time hondo and draining tap drain compile, discharge.In this process; Water and salt exist dynamic variation metastatic rule: when rainfall or irrigation water-break; Salinity is along with the motion of current is washed into drain ditch (i.e. hair ditch, inferior hondo and draining tap drain) and deep subsoil in the soil; The salinity of upper soll layer just decreases, and has formed so-called pressure salt effect; And after rainfall or irrigating water-break, the drain ditch water yield increases water level and uprises, and drain ditch inner salt alkali concn is low, and the salinity in the soil causes the interior salinity of ditch to increase gradually because the difference of concentration gradient is transferred in the drain ditch, and the part salinity is deposited in the ditch; After the long-term evaporation of water body, water level reduces in the drain ditch, and the salt alkali concn is high, and ditch inner salt partite transport moves to deep subsoil.This metastatic rule that moves in circles according to water salt communicates with each other the drain ditch, constitutes a complete relatively drainage system, and suitably keeps height of water level to impel salinity unnecessary in the soil to carry out transfer movement, thereby discharges the saline land.For guaranteeing the robustness on piece ditch ridge, field, at the saline alkali tolerant plant bank protections such as arrow-leaved oleaster or reed of in time hondo bottom 0.3m～0.6m scope, planting.
Trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of network type is through precipitation and irrigation, and the washed out soil salinity makes the salt tolerant alkali index of soil be able to satisfy plant growth repeatedly.In the zone of classification; Be provided with the controllable type cofferdam around the tableland that the hair ditch is formed; Make deep mixed gate by thin wall concrete plate, stone or other corrosion-resistant simple and easy material, the assurance crop is drenched in the seedling phase and waters the needs of irrigating, preserving soil moisture with maintenance, soaked field phase.The restriction of season and temperature has been avoided in this lasting salt discharge, and the scope of application is more extensive.Simultaneously; In order to prevent brackish water polluted underground water or other plant once more; Antiseepage isolation strip or antiseepage film can be set between escape canal; Stop the transfer of solubility salt, through ion-exchange or chemical precipitation method salinity unnecessary in the soil is fundamentally separated then, avoid secondary pollution to destroy environment.Need to confirm distance, the degree of depth and the gradient of escape canal in this system implementation, confirm various parameters and desalinization of soil by flooding or leaching form, reach optimized regulation effect through the part experiment according to situation on the spot.
The diafiltration neutralization pit is provided with between time hondo, arranges loose filling-material structure (dividing pouch to load) in the well, can be divided into unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit according to the difference that the position is set.Put in inferior hondo stage casing unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit inflow direction, receives the salt buck of handling single direction, and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is arranged on time hondo crossing, handles the salt buck that both direction is separated out.In crop pouring or rainfall, the salt and alkali component in the soil dissolves in the water, along with the motion of current separates with soil; Get in the hair ditch in Gao Tai soil; And the flap of water conservancy diversion that has been arranged on diafiltration neutralization pit set inside in time hondo has prolonged the time of staying of current in well, makes the more even distribution of current in well; Help the salt buck and fully contact, to increase the effect of neutralization reaction with filling-material structure.Filler adopts acid filler, utilizes physics chemical action between the two, in the pH value of fluid, finally reach the improvement purpose in saline and alkaline soil, these acid filler costs are lower, easily acquisition.And warp operation after a while, the acid filler in the well can clean at any time and change, and has avoided microorganism on filler, to grow in a large number, and the phenomenon of stopping up the space takes place.The replacing of filler also removes the end reaction thing along band, has avoided shedding the problem that neutralization reactant that spent acid and other neutralizer process cause resides in soil, and is totally thorough to the processing of salt buck.The neutralization pit that disperses to be provided with adopts the zinc-plated aluminium alloy case of lightweight, is easy to install and carrying; Also can adopt thin-wall reinforced concrete plate (about 8cm) to constitute, cheap, have than the strong corrosion resistant performance.
The key that trapezoidal high stage body is an operating mode is will carry out the crop wheel to plough; After utilizing the salt discharge of paddy rice plantation maximal efficiency, in time change water-saving agriculture or plantation saline alkali tolerant plant, the structure of slowly improving the soil and microbiologic population; Both avoid soil compaction, also adapted to the arid and semi-arid area surroundings.Major measure is the drought-enduring anti-saline alkali tolerant plant of plantation, adopts novel irrigation methods such as drip irrigation and spray irrigation, pipe filling, solves the problem of insufficient water sources, also can prevent the soil salinization, promotes plant growth, improves output and quality.In addition, also can be in good time, appropriateness adopts various physical methods, chemical method and tillage control measure, as auxiliary, but efficient hardening improves the salt affected soil regulation effect.The saline land of administering with method of the present invention reduced by 60% with respect to basicity before administering after 1～2 year, and salinity lowers 70%.
The method in improvement of the present invention saline land has multiple advantage than traditional method:
1. trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of network type can combine crops and plant growing to irrigate and rainfall period, separates out saline and alkaline substantially, operates simple and easy effective.
2. the terminal bottom of trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system internal drainage tap drain of network type is provided with reverse osmosis unit, can effectively tackle, the saline and alkaline and free cation in the adsorbed water, avoids secondary salinization of soil to take place.
3. the wheel of crops and plant is ploughed and soil adjusting timely, can avoid the adverse effect of saline land governance process to soil structure, avoids soil compaction and salinization, alkalization repeatedly, keeps regulation effect.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the high bench-type classification of embodiment one described dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system schematic; 1 is the draining tap drain among the figure; 2 is that time hondo, 3 is that a hair ditch, 4 is that unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit, 5 is that two-way diafiltration neutralization pit, 6 is the bank protection band, and the arrow among the figure is the direction of water flows;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of the unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 described in the embodiment one; Among the figure 7 for housing I, 7-1 be that the sidewall of the sidewall of the stream that meets water of housing I, backwater stream that 7-2 is housing I, upper base, 7-4 that 7-3 is housing I are the going to the bottom of housing I, 7-5 is water inlet, 7-6 is delivery port; 8 is that deflector, 9 is acid filler, and α is the upper base 7-3 of housing I and the angle that deflector 8 forms; β is the angle of go to the bottom 7-4 and deflector 8 formation of housing I; Arrow among the figure is the direction of water flows;
Fig. 3 is that the axle of the two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 described in the embodiment one is surveyed sketch map; Removed loam cake among the figure; 10 is that housing II, 12 is vertical delivery port among the figure, and 13 is that horizontal deflector, 15 is that horizontal water inlet, 17 is that fixed axis, 19 is that subsequent use water inlet, 20 is grid;
Fig. 4 is that the axle of the two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 described in the embodiment one is surveyed sketch map; Removed the sidewall of loam cake among the figure with horizontal delivery port 16 places; 10 is housing II among the figure; 11 is that vertical water inlet, 12 is vertical delivery port, and 13 is that horizontal deflector, 17 is that fixed axis, 18 is that vertical wing plate, 20 is grid;
Fig. 5 is that the axle of the two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 described in the embodiment one is surveyed sketch map; Removed the sidewall of loam cake among the figure with horizontal delivery port 16 places; 10 is housing II among the figure, and 11 is that vertical water inlet, 13 is that horizontal deflector, 17 is that fixed axis, 18 is vertical wing plate;
Fig. 6 is for being the longitudinal sectional drawing sketch map of two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5; 10 is housing II among the figure, and 11 is that vertical water inlet, 13 is that horizontal deflector, 14 is that acid filler, 20 is grid.
Embodiment
Embodiment one: the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province of this embodiment is administered the method in saline land and is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on the saline land, builds the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system; The high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain 1; Inferior hondo 2, hair ditch 3, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 and bank protection band 6, draining tap drain 1, the square net system of inferior hondo 2, hair ditch 3 formation rules; The shape of height, stepped reduction all around in the middle of this system is; The distance that wherein adjacent and parallel draining tap drain is 1 is 400m～500m, and the degree of depth of draining tap drain 1 is 1.5～1.8m, and bottom width is 0.8～2.0m; Inferior hondo 2 is arranged in the square net that is made up of draining tap drain 1, and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo 2 is at a distance of 80～100m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo 2 is 1.0～1.5m, and inferior hondo 2 bottom width are 0.8～1.2m; In the square net that is made up of inferior hondo 2, the edge of edge time hondo 2 is provided with the bank protection band 6 that width is 0.3m～1m, on bank protection band 6, plants one or more plants among arrow-leaved oleaster, reed, alkali grass, stinkgrass flower, Calamagrostis epigejos, meadow pine, Russian pigweed and the Bai Ci; Mao ditch 3 is set in the zone that bank protection band 6 surrounds, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch 3 is at a distance of about 9m, and the degree of depth of hair ditch 3 is 0.3～0.6m, and the bottom width of hair ditch 3 is 0.3～0.6m; Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 is set in inferior hondo 2; Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 comprises housing I 7, deflector 8 and acid filler 9; Wherein be provided with water inlet 7-5, be provided with delivery port, be respectively equipped with deflector 8 at the upper base 7-3 and the 7-4 that goes to the bottom of housing in the bottom of the housing sidewall 7-2 relative with water inlet 7-5 place sidewall 7-1 in the bottom of housing sidewall 7-1; The deflector 8 that is located at upper base 7-3 is α with the angle that upper base 7-3 forms; Wherein α is 90 °～120 °, and the deflector 8 that is located at the 7-4 that goes to the bottom is β at the angle with the 7-4 formation of going to the bottom, and wherein β is 90 °～120 °; In housing, fill acid filler 9, wherein acid filler 9 is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Crossing at two hondos is provided with two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5; Two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 comprises housing II, vertical water inlet 11, vertical delivery port 12, horizontal deflector 13, filler 14, horizontal water inlet 15, horizontal delivery port 16, fixed axis 17 and vertical wing plate 18; Wherein vertical water inlet 11 is set in the bottom of the sidewall of housing II; With the relative housing sidewall bottom of sidewall, vertical water inlet 11 place vertical delivery port 12 is being set, vertically the lower limb of delivery port 12 is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet 11;
With the vertical lower sidewall of vertical water inlet 11 place sidewalls horizontal water inlet 15 is being set, horizontal delivery port 16 is being set with the relative housing II lower sidewall of horizontal water inlet 15 place sidewalls; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port 16 is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet 11; Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II; Guiding device by horizontal deflector 13, fixed axis 17 and vertically wing plate 18 constitute; Laterally all be provided with axis hole on deflector 13 and the vertical wing plate 18; Wherein the axis normal of the axis hole of horizontal deflector 13 is in the plane, place of horizontal deflector; The vertically axis of the axis hole of wing plate 18 and the vertical central lines of wing plate 18 length directions, fixed axis 17 alternately pass on the sidewall at two ends that horizontal deflector 13 and the vertical axis hole of wing plate 18 be fixed on housing II; The angle that the horizontal deflector 13 on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 90 °～120 °, and the housing angle that horizontal deflector 13 with lower floor forms of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 90 °～120 °; The horizontal deflector 13 on upper strata is crisscross arranged with the horizontal deflector 13 of lower floor;
In housing II 10, fill acid filler 14, wherein acid filler 14 is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Two, on field, the saline land piece that hair ditch 3 surrounds; 30～60cm place is provided with the husky isolation strip that thickness is 20～30cm below topsoil; Adopt salt tolerant alkali crop and plant to take turns cultivated; Draw the husky alkali of pressing in the crop growth period employing, make soil salt content reach the interior salt content of 0cm～30cm soil horizon, accomplish the improvement in saline land 0.5%～2.0%.
The method in the improvement saline land of this embodiment has the following advantages than traditional method: trapezoidal high platform classification ditch Gansu Province system of network type can combine crops and plant growing to irrigate and rainfall period; Separate out saline and alkaline substantially; Operate simple and easy effective; Be arranged on the diafiltration neutralization pit in the ditch, can effectively tackle, the saline and alkaline and free cation in the adsorbed water, avoid secondary salinization of soil to take place; The wheel of crops and plant is ploughed and soil adjusting timely, can avoid the adverse effect of saline land governance process to soil structure, avoids soil compaction and salinization, alkalization repeatedly, keeps regulation effect.Saline land with the method for this embodiment is administered after 1～2 year, reduces by 60% with respect to basicity before administering, and salinity lowers 70%.
The shape of height, stepped reduction all around can make the draining tap drain in the middle of the square net system of rule built in this embodiment, and the water in inferior hondo and the hair ditch flow to lower by eminence, and this shape also can utilize the natural physical features of salt alkali salt to form.
The lower limb of vertical delivery port of two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is higher than the lower limb of vertical water inlet in this embodiment, and laterally the lower limb of delivery port is higher than the lower limb of vertical water inlet, can guarantee that the also acid filler of water fully contacts, and guarantees to remove saline and alkaline effect; Guiding device is by horizontal deflector, fixed axis, vertically wing plate constitutes, and a plurality of horizontal deflectors and a plurality of vertical wing plate alternately are through on the fixed axis, vertically wing plate can be with the impact of water body rotational angle, thereby reduce the resistance of vertical wing plate convection cell.
Embodiment two: this embodiment and embodiment one are different is that saline and alkaline plant in the step 2 is alkali grass, reed, paddy rice, corn or cotton.Other is identical with embodiment one.
This embodiment is different according to different regions, the north can maize planting, coastal can plant cotton.
Embodiment three: this embodiment is different with embodiment one or two be in the step 1 in the square net that constitutes by hair ditch 3, along the edge of hair ditch 3 cofferdam is set.Other is identical with embodiment one or two.
The cofferdam of this embodiment is accomplished by resistant material, and resistant material is concrete slab or stone; Open with straightforward procedure in the cofferdam, waters the needs of irrigating, preserving soil moisture with maintenance, soaked field phase to guarantee that crop was drenched in the seedling phase.
Embodiment four: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to three is that draining tap drain 1 intersection is provided with reverse osmosis unit or ion exchange column in the step 1.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to three.
In this embodiment in high bench-type escape canal network tap drain intersection and lead to each wetland, pool passage place; Concentrate reverse osmosis unit or ion exchange column are set; Through reverse osmosis or ion exchange technique; The transfer that stops the solubility salt is handled in maximization, through ion-exchange or chemical precipitation method salinity unnecessary in the soil is fundamentally separated then, avoids secondary pollution to destroy environment.
Embodiment five: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to four is that two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 also comprises at least one subsequent use water inlet 19, and subsequent use water inlet 19 is positioned at horizontal water inlet 15 tops.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to four.
The setting of subsequent use water inlet 19 is the rainwater that deposit when being used for discongesting heavy rain, accelerates treatment progress.
Embodiment six: this embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to five is that the material of the housing of unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit described in the step 1 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is that zinc-plated aluminium alloy or thickness are 7～10cm armoured concrete slab.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to five.
Embodiment seven: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to six is that α is 100 °～110 ° in the step 1, and β is 100 °～110 °.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to six.
Embodiment eight: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to seven is that γ is 100 °～110 ° in the step 1, and δ is 100 °～110 °.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to seven.
Embodiment nine: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to eight is on all water inlets of unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5, grid 20 to be installed.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to eight.
The installation of grid is in order to prevent that foreign material from entering into unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 or two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5, results in blockage.
Embodiment ten: this embodiment is different with one of embodiment one to nine be in the step 1 in the step 2 husky isolation strip be positioned at 45～55cm place below the topsoil, the thickness of husky isolation strip is 22～28cm.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to nine.
Embodiment 11: what this embodiment was different with one of embodiment one to ten is to draw the husky alkali of pressing in the crop growth period employing in the step 2 in the step 2, makes soil salt content reach the interior salt content of 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.8%～1.7%.Other is identical with one of embodiment one to ten.
With following verification experimental verification beneficial effect of the present invention:
Test one: the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province is administered the method in saline land and is carried out according to the following steps:
One, on the saline land of the test region that is positioned at the Daqing Longfeng District, builds the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system; The high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain 1; Inferior hondo 1, hair ditch 3, unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4, two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 and bank protection band 6, draining tap drain 1, inferior hondo 1, hair ditch 3 form grid systems such as squares, rectangle; The shape of height, stepped reduction all around in the middle of this system is; The distance that wherein adjacent and parallel draining tap drain is 1 is 400m～500m, and the degree of depth of draining tap drain 1 is 1.6m, and bottom width is 0.8m; Inferior hondo 2 is arranged in the square net that is made up of draining tap drain 1, and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo 2 is at a distance of 90m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo 2 is 1.0m, and inferior hondo 2 bottom width are 0.9m; In the square net that is made up of inferior hondo 2, the edge of edge time hondo 2 is provided with the bank protection band 6 that width is 0.5m, plantation arrow-leaved oleaster and corn on bank protection band 6; Mao ditch 3 is set in the zone that bank protection band 6 surrounds, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch 3 is at a distance of 9m, and the degree of depth of hair ditch 3 is 0.45, and the bottom width of hair ditch 3 is 0.3m;
Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 is set in inferior hondo 2; Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit 4 is made up of housing I 7, deflector 8 and acid filler 9; Wherein be provided with water inlet 7-5, be provided with delivery port 7-6, be respectively equipped with deflector 8 at the upper base 7-3 and the 7-4 that goes to the bottom of housing in the bottom of the sidewall 7-2 relative with sidewall 7-1 in the bottom of housing sidewall 7-1; The deflector 8 that is located at upper base 7-3 is α with the angle that upper base 7-3 forms; Wherein α is 120 °, and the deflector 8 that is located at the 7-4 that goes to the bottom is β at the angle with the 7-4 formation of going to the bottom, and wherein β is 120 °; In housing, fill acid filler 9, wherein acid filler 9 is a desulfurated plaster;
Crossing at two hondos is provided with two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5; Two-way diafiltration neutralization pit 5 comprises housing II, vertical water inlet 11, vertical delivery port 12, horizontal deflector 13, filler 14, horizontal water inlet 15, horizontal delivery port 16, fixed axis 17 and vertical wing plate 18; Wherein vertical water inlet 11 is set in the bottom of the sidewall of housing II; With the relative housing sidewall bottom of sidewall, vertical water inlet 11 place vertical delivery port 12 is being set, vertically the lower limb of delivery port 12 is than the high 10cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet 11;
With the vertical lower sidewall of vertical water inlet 11 place sidewalls horizontal water inlet 15 is being set, horizontal delivery port 16 is being set with the relative housing II lower sidewall of horizontal water inlet 15 place sidewalls; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port 16 is than the high 10cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet 11; Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II; Guiding device by horizontal deflector 13, fixed axis 17 and vertically wing plate 18 constitute; Laterally all be provided with axis hole on deflector 13 and the vertical wing plate 18; Wherein the axis normal of the axis hole of horizontal deflector 13 is in the plane, place of horizontal deflector; The vertically axis of the axis hole of wing plate 18 and the vertical central lines of wing plate 18 length directions, fixed axis 17 alternately pass on the sidewall at two ends that horizontal deflector 13 and the vertical axis hole of wing plate 18 be fixed on housing II; The angle that the horizontal deflector 13 on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 120 °, and the housing angle that horizontal deflector 13 with lower floor forms of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 120 °; The horizontal deflector 13 on upper strata is crisscross arranged with the horizontal deflector 13 of lower floor;
In housing II 10, fill acid filler 14, wherein acid filler 14 is acid industrial sulphuric acid ammonium waste residue; Grid 20 covers on vertical water inlet 11 and horizontal water inlet 15;
Two, on field, the saline land piece that hair ditch 3 surrounds; The 40cm place is provided with the husky isolation strip that thickness is 30cm below topsoil; 1 year rice cultivation, 1 year maize planting are taken turns cultivated, adopt at crop growth period and draw the husky alkali of pressing; Make soil salt content reach the interior salt content of 0cm～30cm soil horizon, accomplish the improvement in saline land less than 0.3%.
In the square net that is made up of hair ditch 3, the edge of edge hair ditch 3 also is provided with the cofferdam in the step 1, and the cofferdam is accomplished by resistant material, and resistant material is a concrete slab; The assurance crop is drenched in the seedling phase and waters the needs of irrigating, preserving soil moisture with maintenance, soaked field phase.
The material of the housing of unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit described in the step 1 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is that thickness is the 8cm armoured concrete slab.
The sampling before and after administering of the test region of this test detects, and each item index is as shown in table 1 below.
Near the test region in the saline land the dragon and phoenix wetland of Daqing is after the improvement in 2 years, and basicity reduces by 60% before administering relatively, and salinity lowers 70%.
Claims (10)
1. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province administers the method in saline land and carry out according to the following steps:
One, on the saline land, builds the high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system; The high stepladders classification of dialysis formula ditch Gansu Province system comprises draining tap drain (1); Inferior hondo (2), hair ditch (3), unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit (4), two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5) and bank protection band (6), draining tap drain (1), the square net system of inferior hondo (2), hair ditch (3) formation rule; The shape of height, stepped reduction all around in the middle of this system is; Distance between wherein adjacent and parallel draining tap drain (1) is 400m～500m, and the degree of depth of draining tap drain (1) is 1.5～1.8m, and bottom width is 0.8～2.0m; Inferior hondo (2) is arranged in the square net that is made up of draining tap drain (1), and adjacent and parallel inferior hondo (2) is at a distance of 80～100m, and the degree of depth of inferior hondo (2) is 1.0～1.5m, and inferior hondo (2) bottom width is 0.8～1.2m; In the square net that constitutes by inferior hondo (2); Edge along time hondo (2) is provided with the bank protection band (6) that width is 0.3m～1m, goes up one or more plants among plantation arrow-leaved oleaster, reed, alkali grass, stinkgrass flower, Calamagrostis epigejos, meadow pine, Russian pigweed and the Bai Ci at bank protection band (6); A mao ditch (3) is set in the zone that bank protection band (6) surrounds, and adjacent and parallel hair ditch (3) is at a distance of about 9m, and the degree of depth of hair ditch (3) is 0.3～0.6m, and the bottom width of hair ditch (3) is 0.3～0.6m;
Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit (4) is set in inferior hondo (2); Unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit (4) comprises housing I (7), deflector (8) and acid filler (9); Wherein be provided with water inlet (7-5), be provided with delivery port, be respectively equipped with deflector (8) at upper base (7-3) and go to the bottom (7-4) of housing in the bottom of the housing sidewall (7-2) relative with water inlet (7-5) place sidewall (7-1) in the bottom of housing sidewall (7-1); The deflector (8) that is located at upper base (7-3) is α with the angle that upper base (7-3) forms; Wherein α is 90 °～120 °, and the deflector (8) that is located at go to the bottom (7-4) is β at the angle with (7-4) formation of going to the bottom, and wherein β is 90 °～120 °; In housing, fill acid filler (9), wherein acid filler (9) is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Crossing at two hondos is provided with two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5); Two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5) comprises housing II (10), vertical water inlet (11), vertical delivery port (12), horizontal deflector (13), filler (14), horizontal water inlet (15), horizontal delivery port (16), fixed axis (17) and vertical wing plate (18); Wherein vertical water inlet (11) is set in the bottom of the sidewall of housing II (10); With the relative housing sidewall bottom of sidewall, vertical water inlet (11) place vertical delivery port (12) is being set, vertically the lower limb of delivery port (12) is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet (11); With the vertical lower sidewall of vertical water inlet (11) place sidewall horizontal water inlet (15) is being set, horizontal delivery port (16) is being set with the relative housing II lower sidewall of horizontal water inlet (15) place sidewall; Laterally the lower limb of delivery port (16) is than the high 5～15cm of lower limb of vertical water inlet (11); Upper and lower two-layer guiding device is set in housing II; Guiding device is made up of horizontal deflector (13), fixed axis (17) and vertical wing plate (18); Laterally all be provided with axis hole on deflector (13) and the vertical wing plate (18); Wherein the axis normal of the axis hole of horizontal deflector (13) is in the plane, place of horizontal deflector; The axis hole that the vertically axis of the axis hole of wing plate (18) and the vertical central lines of wing plate (18) length direction, fixed axis (17) alternately pass horizontal deflector (13) and vertical wing plate 18 is fixed on the sidewall at two ends of housing II; The angle that the horizontal deflector (13) on housing upper base and upper strata forms is γ, and wherein γ is 90 °～120 °, and the housing angle that horizontal deflector (13) with lower floor forms of going to the bottom is δ, and wherein δ is 90 °～120 °; The horizontal deflector (13) on upper strata is crisscross arranged with the horizontal deflector (13) of lower floor; In housing (10), fill acid filler (14), wherein acid filler (14) is gypsum, ardealite, desulfurated plaster, calcium sulfite, sulphur, alum or acid industrial residue;
Two, on field, the saline land piece that Mao Gou (3) surrounds; 40～60cm place is provided with the husky isolation strip that thickness is 20～30cm below topsoil; Adopt salt tolerant alkali crop and plant to take turns cultivated; Draw the husky alkali of pressing in the crop growth period employing, make soil salt content reach the interior salt content of 0cm～30cm soil horizon, accomplish the improvement in saline land 0.5%～2.0%.
2. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that the saline and alkaline plant in the step 2 is alkali grass, reed, paddy rice, corn or cotton.
3. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that in the step 1 that in the square net that is made up of hair ditch (3), the edge of Yan Maogou (3) is provided with the cofferdam.
4. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province; It is characterized in that two-way diafiltration neutralization pit (5) also comprises at least one subsequent use water inlet (19), subsequent use water inlet (19) is positioned at horizontal water inlet (15) top.
5. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that draining tap drain (1) intersection is provided with reverse osmosis unit or ion exchange column in the step 1.
6. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province, and the material that it is characterized in that the housing of unidirectional diafiltration neutralization pit described in the step 1 and two-way diafiltration neutralization pit is that zinc-plated aluminium alloy or thickness are 7～10cm armoured concrete slab.
7. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that α is 100 °～110 ° in the step 1, and β is 100 °～110 °.
8. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that γ is 100 °～110 ° in the step 1, and δ is 100 °～110 °.
9. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province, it is characterized in that in the step 2 that husky isolation strip is positioned at 45～55cm place below the topsoil, and the thickness of husky isolation strip is 22～28cm.
10. the method in saline land is administered in the high stepladders classification of a kind of dialysis formula according to claim 1 and 2 ditch Gansu Province; It is characterized in that drawing the husky alkali of pressing in the crop growth period employing in the step 2, make soil salt content reach the interior salt content of 0cm～30cm soil horizon 0.8%～1.7%.
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