CN101940147A - Poplar tree cultivating method for improving saline-alkaline land - Google Patents
Poplar tree cultivating method for improving saline-alkaline land Download PDFInfo
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- CN101940147A CN101940147A CN2010102962332A CN201010296233A CN101940147A CN 101940147 A CN101940147 A CN 101940147A CN 2010102962332 A CN2010102962332 A CN 2010102962332A CN 201010296233 A CN201010296233 A CN 201010296233A CN 101940147 A CN101940147 A CN 101940147A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a poplar tree cultivating method for improving the saline-alkaline land. The method comprises the steps of growing seedlings and transplanting the seedlings, wherein the step of growing seedlings is to add cultivating soil in seedling cups, screen the dormant buds of the poplar trees, insert the dormant buds of the poplar trees in the seedling cups, and culture the buds in a shed for 50 to 70 days until the saplings are survived; and the step of transplanting the seedlings is to dig pits which are higher than the seedling cups to accommodate the seedling cups in the transplanting ground, fill an organic fertilizer special for the poplar trees in the pits, remove the bottoms of the seedling cups in which the saplings are survived, place the seedling cups in the pits, tamp the pits by using soil, and irrigate and fertilize the soil by using a drip irrigation system. The method is designed as a paper cup seedling cultivation method suitable for the saplings of poplar trees according to the growth characteristics of the poplar trees to reduce the dormancy period, so that the poplar trees enter the growing period one or two years earlier with the survival rate above 95 percent. Meanwhile, the method effectively prevents the diseases of the saplings, reduces the incidence of bacterial disease by above 30 percent, avoids the cross infection in the step of growing seedlings, and controls the diseases in the rate above 95 percent.
Description
The method field
The present invention relates to the method for planting of educating of willow, specifically be mainly used in the large-scale planting cultivation of gemma populi seedling, can promote growing and then improveing the alkaline land soil ecotope of willow, reach control and reduce the salinization of soil situation.
Background method
Existing traditional willow kind method for planting is: use spring the branch of poplar of dormancy in 1～2 year to carry out intensive cuttage in the nursery, after 1～2 year, transplant when nursery stock grows to 2 meters high left and right sides again; The willow sapling just enters the normal growth phase after 1～2 year again.Annual transplanting time is very short, is generally late April to mid-May.
According to above-mentioned traditional kind method for planting, willow sapling at least 2 years, needed 4 years just to enter vegetative period at most, and survival rate is below 50%.
Every mu of cuttage of traditional seedling-cultivating method 3000～6000 strains are irrigated by irrigation method, in case there is a sapling ill, then can infect by water.For example: bacterial wilt is fallen ill when temperature reaches more than 25 ℃, by water-borne infection; Virus disease mainly is abutted against contagion, comprises worm, staff, water etc., lacks effectively to intercept and prevent means.
Summary of the invention
At the problems referred to above, the present invention aims to provide and a kind ofly can shorten the become a useful person method for planting of educating of time and survival rate of willow,
For realizing this method purpose, the solution of the present invention is: a kind of willow that is used to improve the saline land educate method for planting, comprise and grow seedlings and transplant, wherein, grow seedlings: in seedling-raising cup, fill it up with earlier compost, rescreen select the willow seeds the dormant wood cuttage in this seedling-raising cup, in booth, cultivated 50～70 days, survive to sapling; Transplant: earlier need improvement saline land dig can place under the hole of seedling-raising cup, the willow fertilizer special for organic deeply greater than the height of seedling-raising cup, is inserted in the hole in the hole, put into the hole after at the bottom of the seedling-raising cup that will survive sapling is again removed glass, use rammed earth, adopt drip irrigation system to irrigate and fertilising.
Described compost is that willow organic fertilizer special and soil moved in to improve the original mix.
Impose the special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer of willow two to three times by drip irrigation system, wherein, carry out 3 fertilisings in the first year setting date, every mu of consumption is 10～30 liters/time, and annual later on is 20～50 liters/time according to every mu of consumption of growth of poplar situation.
The annual sapling root is spreaded manuer in holes topdressed, and imposes willow special solid organic manure every year two to three times.
Described seedling-raising cup is a dixie cup, and bore is 10～20cm, the long 15cm that is no more than; The footpath, hole in described hole also is 10～20cm, and the hole is 50～60cm deeply.
The bottom of described seedling-raising cup has the fluting that aperture, side are provided with interruption, cup surface spray degradable o-phenyl phenol OPP.
Screening willow seeds are selected dormant wood to carry out the about 20cm of cutting-height and contain the bifurcation branch, store at 0～4 ℃, and shelf time is the longest 150 days.
Take out the 20cm branch, insert one in each seedling-raising cup, branch arranges in booth, keeps reserving the aisle among several rows, is convenient to pouring, establishes plastic canopy and preserves moisture, and relative moisture is controlled at more than 85%, and temperature keeps 25 ℃～30 ℃.
Take cloudy canopy with 70% sunshade net and tan by the sun to avoid direct sunlight, and prevent that temperature of shed is too high, water and will water duty less and water, every day 2～3 times, each once irrigates at every turn at least sooner or later.
Transplant ground according to 100～300 every mu willow sapling marshallings, drip irrigation system is laid finished water dropper of every sapling.
This method is designed the dixie cup growing nursery and culture method that is fit to the willow sapling according to the growth characteristics of willow, shortens resting stage, makes willow enter vegetative period in 1～2 year ahead of time, and makes the willow survival rate reach more than 95%.Simultaneously, this method is also effectively prevented willow sapling disease, and bacterial disease reduces the incidence of disease more than 30%, and seedling raising process can not produce cross-infection, and the control rate of disease is reached more than 95%.
Description of drawings
The dixie cup structural representation of Fig. 1 for being adopted among the present invention.
Embodiment
The present invention is applied to improve the kind method for planting that alkaline land soil is set up the willow forest farm, adopt advanced seedling-raising cup growing nursery and culture method, can cultivate healthy disease-free willow sapling, carry out the saline land plantation by transplanting method, the willow sapling is carried out drip irrigation, impose special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer of willow and willow special solid organic manure at interval, for the growth of willow is laid a good foundation, improve the saline land structure by growth of poplar, reduce the salt alkali content, form the environment of suitable biological growth.
Its process roughly is divided into formulation, fertilizer and the soil moved in to improve the original of seedling-raising cup and handles, selects seedling, cuttage, transplanting and management.
Adopt special seedling-raising cup to grow seedlings and transplant, as shown in Figure 1, the bottom of the cup 1 of seedling-raising cup is provided with the fluting 2 of interruption, and cup bottom 3 has aperture 4 and is leaking hole.Seedling-raising cup plays protection willow tree root, maintenance moisture, intercepts the effect of saline and alkaline invasion and attack.
Earlier the saline land of transplanting dig can place under the hole of seedling-raising cup, the willow fertilizer special for organic greater than the height of seedling-raising cup, is inserted deeply in the hole in the hole, put into the hole after at the bottom of the seedling-raising cup that will survive sapling is again removed glass, uses rammed earth.Inserting the willow fertilizer special for organic is that the guiding tree root gos deep into the lower salt content soil layer downwards;
The effect of drip irrigation system is the moisture supply of guaranteeing that growth of poplar is interim, be penetrated into seedling-raising cup downwards when following with level, by evaporation, the upwards extraction effect that saline and alkaline formation around below the seedling-raising cup is strong, thereby make the following soil horizon salt alkali content on every side of seedling-raising cup descend, help the willow tree root and expand towards periphery, whole willow root niche is improved, and willow can arrive growth rapidly.
Carry out the poplar forest of seedling-raising cup method for culturing and transplanting seedlings drip irrigation plantation by large tracts of land, the progressively improvement of its each willow root subenvironment, and then develop into the improvement of large-area ecotope, make the salinization of soil of full wafer soil to improving, thereby reach the condition that can plant economic crops.
As one of the specific embodiment of the present invention, mainly contain following method point:
Seedling-raising cup
Seedling-raising cup bore 10～20cm, the bottom has aperture, the side is provided with fluting, seedling-raising cup surface spray degradable OPP.
Willow fertilizer special for organic and soil moved in to improve the original
Be added on about 100g willow fertilizer special for organic in the seedling-raising cup and mix, fill up seedling-raising cup with the part soil moved in to improve the original.
Select seedling
Screening willow seeds comprise Russian poplar, Lombardy poplar, hybridization poplar, determine according to planting the ground situation.Select dormant wood to carry out the about 20cm of cutting-height and contain the bifurcation branch, store at 0～4 ℃, shelf time is the longest 150 days.
Cuttage
Take out the 20cm branch, insert one in every glass.Time: in spring, branch arranges in booth, keeps reserving the aisle among several rows, is convenient to pouring, establishes plastic canopy and preserves moisture, and relative moisture is controlled at more than 85%, and temperature keeps 25 ℃～30 ℃.
50～70 days, finish seedling raising process.
The transplanting of cup seedling
When growing to plant height 3～4cm, the willow seedling transplants when high.Dig the hole of the dark 50cm～60cm of 10～20cm, insert the about 200g of willow fertilizer special for organic in the hole and mix soil moved in to improve the original, stay, put into the hole after the seedling-raising cup bottom is removed, use rammed earth, carry out normal drip irrigation apart from the about 15CMcm in ground.
The irrigation of cup seedling
According to 100～300 every mu willow sapling marshallings, water dropper of every sapling is finished in the drip irrigation system laying.Carry out drip irrigation.
The fertilising of cup seedling
Fertigation:
Regularly impose the special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer of willow two to three times by drip irrigation system.Carry out 3 fertilisings in the first year setting date, every mu of consumption is 10～30 liters/time, is applied fertilizer according to the growth of poplar situation every year later on, and every mu of consumption is 20～50 liters/time.
Spread manuer in holes and topdress:
The annual sapling root is spreaded manuer in holes topdressed, and imposes willow special solid organic manure every year two to three times, shown in seeing the following form.
Solid organic fertilizer uses table (spread manuer in holes and topdress)
This method has following effect: the process of growth and the characteristic that 1, see through further investigation willow crop; 2, improve the survival rate of willow sapling, survival rate reaches more than 95%; 3, can effectively prevent willow sapling disease.
For example: the seedling-raising cup nursery stage, by seedling-raising cup seedling is carried out the soil isolation and irrigates isolation, bacterial disease can not undertaken propagating between seedling by irrigation in the seedling raising process; By raise seedling in greenhouse, reduce the propagation of insect to disease; By disinfecting, control is through the propagation to disease of staff; There is the seedling of disease to isolate methods such as disposal to finding.Control rate with disease reaches more than 95% like this.
Saline-alkali soil itself can't be fixed the mineral salt in the soil because organic content is low, if use chemical fertilizer to provide nutrient as crop merely, can increase the weight of saline and alkaline situation; And the mineral salt in the saline-alkali soil, it is the required nutrient of crop that part is arranged: as potassium and calcium constituent, but because the disintegration from lack organic soil or sandy soil of these elements is come out, list only can't be used for crop, more can intersperse among in the soil, so-called saline-alkali soil occur through with the passing of time gathering, and make willow very difficult in saline-alkali soil forestation because of moisture evaporation falls with crystal form, use chemical fertilizer singly only can't be not effectively for willow provides growth required nutrient, otherwise can aggravate saline and alkaline situation.
Therefore, used willow organic fertilizer special and special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer among the present invention are at the required nutrient of growth of poplar, contain potassium than condition with higher in conjunction with saline-alkali soil, make new adjusting, and after the order fertilising, willow can obtain the nutrient supply of balance.
The nutrient proportioning of willow organic fertilizer special is: nitrogen accounts for 3.5～4%, and phosphorus accounts for 2～2.5%, and potassium accounts for 0.2～0.5%.And fertilizer is active bio fertilizer, add a large amount of beneficial microbes in process of production, when the present invention's fertilizer is used in order, list provides nutrient for willow, also significantly increase organic matter and humus, improve soil aggregate, add negative electrical charge electrolysed substance agricultural mineral matter, make the free electron of positive charge be able to balance and settle out, make the inorganic salinity in the soil fasten again, effectively lower the free state of mineral salt in soil, improve saline and alkaline situation systemicly, promote willow surviving and grow in saline-alkali soil.This fertilizer is solid fertilizer, can be used as base manure adds among the soil before plantation, can also be that willow makes the root scope and uses with fertilizing type, through moisture absorption, behind the microorganism breaking dormancy, fertilizer discharges nutrient, and multiply a large amount of microorganisms with geometric ways, and add the auxiliary of electrolysis mineral matter, set up the subenvironment condition for willow root district scope earlier, reverse the vicious circle of salinization of soil, start the benign cycle that soil structure is reformed, the growth with trees influences each other again, slowly enlarges eucyclic scope, finally set up the high-quality soil environment in full wafer forest land, make the organic matter of soil promote 1 percentage point.
The special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer the present invention of willow contains saccharomycete, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium.See through biotechnology, the microorganism that will be in resting state is injected fertilizer.After fertilizer is sneaked into soil, these microorganisms will produce multiple organic acid, as lactic acid, oxalic acid, citric acid and various active enzyme etc. in the process of growth of willow under amino acid whose activation.Can keep simultaneously interactive between catalyzer and ferment, make organic acid and enzyme can effectively decompose in the alkaline land soil and nucleic acid in more insoluble phosphate and potassium hydrochlorate, supply with plant root nutrition, thereby reduce the deal of using Phos and inorganic potassium; Can decompose simultaneously various plant and animal residuess, agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer, heavy metal residual hazard again, reduce pollution on the environment.And make middle trace element, amino acid and humic acid easier, changed the physicochemical character of basic soil effectively, make the real improvement of soil be suitable for growth of poplar by plant absorbing.
The special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer of willow adopts biotechnology and electrolysis tech, make additive with amino acid, microorganism, add nutrient formulation, comprise nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and middle trace element: sulphur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, iron, molybdenum and mycoprotein, humus, plant nucleic acid, vitamin B group, active enzyme, the unknown factor of promotion growth of poplar, except that can in liberal supply nutrient be the surplus growth required, more can make and improve the soil quality, make it help planting plant growing.Middle micronutrient levels (kg/ ton)
| Element | Sulphur | Magnesium | Calcium | Silicon | Boron | Zinc | Iron | Molybdenum |
| Ratio | 0.01 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.02 | 0.002 | 0.002 | 0.2 | 0.005 |
See through electrolysis tech, additive makes soil produce chain reaction to moisture and oxygen supply, changes the condition of electric charge, adjustment earth pH-value, increase earth oxygen-supplying amount, the infiltration capacity of improving moisture and the reinforcement microbial activities of earth intermediate ion gradually.Its mechanism of action is: utilize theoretical and carbonate decomposition principle: the H++OH-→ H2O of acid base equilibrium, H++HCO3-→ H2CO3 → H2O+CO2 utilizes the acting in conjunction of organic acid and inorganic acid, thereby can make pH value be reduced to 6.0～7.0 and reach faintly acid or neutrality, close neutralization, quality reparation by acid base equilibrium, Lip river, increase soil aggregate, thereby reach the purpose of improving the soil.
The special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer of willow is to relate to a kind of liquid fertilizer that contains amino acid, microorganism, inorganic nutrients, organic matter.Described amino acid comprises arginine, proline, serine, alanine, threonine, isoleucine and glycine etc., and its ratio is about: 20: 2: 3: 2: 2: 1: 1.Described microbial population comprises saccharomycete, actinomycetes, photosynthetic bacteria, azotobacter, dissolving phosphor and dissolving potassium bacterium.Every milliliter of fertilizer contains 0.2 hundred million living bacteria counts; Its ratio is: 10～15%: 10～15%: 5～10%: 5～10%: 10～20%, and water content is 30～40%.Described organic matter is derived from cane molasses, monosodium glutamate waste liquid, nucleoprotamine zymotic fluid, shrimp crab skin and protein liquid.In the weight of fertilizer, organic matter accounts for 10～15%; Described inorganic nutrients is from general nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer and middle trace element fertilizer.In the weight of inorganic nutrient, total nutrient accounts for 6～10%; Described nitrogenous fertilizer is that one or more are selected from ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulfate, urea and any other nitrogenous nitrogenous fertilizer; Described phosphate fertilizer is that one or more are selected from MAP, diammonium phosphate, superphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, fused calcium magnesium phosphate and appoint phosphate fertilizer; Described potash fertilizer is that one or more are selected from potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and any other and contain the fertilizer of potassium.Trace element fertilizer is one or more middle trace element fertilizers that are selected from sulphur, magnesium, calcium, silicon, boron, zinc, iron or molydbenum fertilizer in described.Described fertiliser containing magnesium is that one or more are selected from magnesium sulfate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium monohydrogen phosphate and any other and contain the fertiliser containing magnesium of magnesium.Described calcareous fertilisers are one or more calcareous fertilisers that are selected from fused calcium magnesium phosphate, superphosphate, rock phosphate and any other calcic.
For a person skilled in the art, structure that can disclose according to the present invention and principle obtain other various corresponding changes and distortion, and these all changes and distortion all belong to protection category of the present invention.
Claims (10)
- A willow that is used to improve the saline land educate method for planting, comprise and grow seedlings and transplant, wherein,Grow seedlings: earlier in seedling-raising cup, fill it up with compost, rescreen select the willow seeds the dormant wood cuttage in this seedling-raising cup, in booth, cultivated 50～70 days, survive to sapling;Transplant: the hole of seedling-raising cup under first saline land in the need improvement is dug and can be placed, the willow fertilizer special for organic deeply greater than the height of seedling-raising cup, is inserted in the hole in the hole, put into the hole after at the bottom of the more above-mentioned seedling-raising cup that survives sapling being removed glass, use rammed earth, adopt drip irrigation system to irrigate and fertilising.
- Willow according to claim 1 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: described compost is that willow organic fertilizer special and soil moved in to improve the original mix.
- 3. willow according to claim 1 educates method for planting, it is characterized in that: impose the special-purpose organic liquid fertilizer of willow two to three times by drip irrigation system, wherein, carry out 3 fertilisings in the first year setting date, every mu of consumption is 10～30 liters/time, and annual later on is 20～50 liters/time according to every mu of consumption of growth of poplar situation.
- Willow according to claim 1 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: the annual sapling root is spreaded manuer in holes topdressed, and imposes willow special solid organic manure every year two to three times.
- 5. according to the method for planting of educating of each described willow in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: described seedling-raising cup is a dixie cup, and bore is 10～20cm, highly is no more than 15cm; The footpath, hole in described hole also is 10～20cm, and the hole is 50～60cm deeply.
- Willow according to claim 5 educate method for planting, it is characterized in that: the bottom of described seedling-raising cup has aperture, the side is provided with the fluting of interruption, cup surface spray degradable o-phenyl phenol OPP.
- 7. according to the method for planting of educating of each described willow in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: screening willow seeds, select dormant wood to carry out the about 20cm of cutting-height and contain the bifurcation branch, to store at 0～4 ℃, shelf time is the longest 150 days.
- 8. willow according to claim 7 educates method for planting, it is characterized in that: take out 20cm and contain the bifurcation branch, insert one in each seedling-raising cup, branch arranges in booth, reserve the aisle and be convenient to pouring, if plastic canopy is preserved moisture, relative moisture is controlled at more than 85%, temperature keeps 25 ℃～30 ℃.
- 9. according to the method for planting of educating of each described willow in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: take cloudy canopy with 70% sunshade net and tan by the sun, and prevent that temperature of shed is too high to avoid direct sunlight, watering duty less waters, every day 2～3 times, each once irrigates at every turn at least sooner or later.
- 10. according to the method for planting of educating of each described willow in the claim 1 to 4, it is characterized in that: transplant ground according to 100～300 every mu willow sapling marshallings, lay drip irrigation system, water dropper of every sapling.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102962332A CN101940147A (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2010-09-29 | Poplar tree cultivating method for improving saline-alkaline land |
| CN 201110284341 CN102422769B (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2011-09-22 | Culturing and planting method of poplar trees for improving saline and alkaline land |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2010102962332A CN101940147A (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2010-09-29 | Poplar tree cultivating method for improving saline-alkaline land |
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| CN2010102962332A Pending CN101940147A (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2010-09-29 | Poplar tree cultivating method for improving saline-alkaline land |
| CN 201110284341 Expired - Fee Related CN102422769B (en) | 2010-09-29 | 2011-09-22 | Culturing and planting method of poplar trees for improving saline and alkaline land |
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| CN102612979A (en) * | 2012-04-26 | 2012-08-01 | 常熟市新靓文辅亚农艺发展有限公司 | Cuttage seedling raising method for poplar |
| CN103202160A (en) * | 2013-04-11 | 2013-07-17 | 福州福民茶叶有限公司 | Method for improving survival rate of jasmine cutting wood |
| CN103598058A (en) * | 2013-10-18 | 2014-02-26 | 赵刚 | Poplar artificial forest cultivation method |
| CN103621212A (en) * | 2013-11-29 | 2014-03-12 | 中国林业科学研究院亚热带林业研究所 | Method for improving saline-alkali soil matrix for seedling cutting |
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| JPH03266912A (en) * | 1990-03-15 | 1991-11-27 | Nippon Sanmou Senshoku Kk | Raw material for medium |
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- 2010-09-29 CN CN2010102962332A patent/CN101940147A/en active Pending
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- 2011-09-22 CN CN 201110284341 patent/CN102422769B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| CN108575359A (en) * | 2018-04-27 | 2018-09-28 | 北京农学院 | A kind of processing of Malus admiring fruit tree training tissue culture seedling and tissue-cultured seedling rooting method |
| CN109197192A (en) * | 2018-09-20 | 2019-01-15 | 潍坊职业学院 | A kind of method of quick breeding salt resistance alkali poplar |
| CN109744057A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-14 | 渭南顺天农用酵素科技有限公司 | A kind of afforestation technology suitable for Rocky Desertification Region |
| CN109691343A (en) * | 2019-02-21 | 2019-04-30 | 中国建筑第八工程局有限公司 | The method of saline-alkali soil plantation poplar around building |
| CN110326456A (en) * | 2019-07-07 | 2019-10-15 | 周志疆 | A kind of biological bacteria energetic nourishing alms bowl and preparation method and application method |
| CN110301304A (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2019-10-08 | 湖南农业大学 | A kind of method of salt-soda soil plantation awns genus plant |
| CN110301304B (en) * | 2019-07-26 | 2021-07-27 | 湖南农业大学 | Method for planting miscanthus in saline-alkali soil |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN102422769B (en) | 2013-03-13 |
| CN102422769A (en) | 2012-04-25 |
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