CN105724105B - A kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture - Google Patents

A kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105724105B
CN105724105B CN201610125896.5A CN201610125896A CN105724105B CN 105724105 B CN105724105 B CN 105724105B CN 201610125896 A CN201610125896 A CN 201610125896A CN 105724105 B CN105724105 B CN 105724105B
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cuttage
fertilizer
seedling
cuttings
amino acid
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CN105724105A (en
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曹国玉
董章凯
张兴泽
王正茂
于见丽
牟进鹏
陈妮娜
徐昕
曲友范
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Yantai Forestry Technology Promotion Station
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G13/00Protecting plants
    • A01G13/02Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
    • A01G13/0256Ground coverings
    • A01G13/0268Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
    • A01G13/0275Films
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/029Receptacles for seedlings
    • A01G9/0299Handling or transporting of soil blocks or seedlings
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05CNITROGENOUS FERTILISERS
    • C05C11/00Other nitrogenous fertilisers
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05DINORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
    • C05D1/00Fertilisers containing potassium
    • C05D1/02Manufacture from potassium chloride or sulfate or double or mixed salts thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05GMIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G5/00Fertilisers characterised by their form
    • C05G5/20Liquid fertilisers
    • C05G5/23Solutions

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention is a kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture, technical solution include cuttage site preparation, adopt item and cuttings processing, cuttage and tending management, and apply dedicated fertilizer respectively in site preparation, cuttage and top dressing management phase.The present invention applied the special alga fertilizer and amino acid fertilizer of unique effects in site preparation, cuttage and top dressing management phase respectively.Cuttage survival rate is high, and seedling growth speed is fast, well developed root system, and cuttage survival rate reaches 98% or more, and current year height of seedling is average up to 360cm.Compared with common cuttage seeding, the nursery stock that annual cuttage seeding reaches the standard of being out of the garden improves 15%, and lateral root number improves 13%, and total root long improves 14%.

Description

A kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture
Technical field
The present invention relates to high quality tree species to breed field, specifically a kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture.
Background technology
Pest-resistant poplar, Salicaceae, Populus fallen leaves megaphanerophyte, has stronger insect resistace, is new varieties of poplar.As willow new product Kind pest-resistant poplar, growth is fast, and material is excellent, is excellent Industry plantation seeds;Trunk leads to straight elevator and pulls out, and is excellent afforestation Seeds;Adaptable and good shelter-forest seeds.Breeding strong sprout is the basis of afforestation, is related to afforestation and survives and afforest Quality.High-quality strong sprout well developed root system, nursery stock it is sturdy it is logical straight, sprout is full, rhizome is relatively thick, resistance, survival rate are high, growth is fast Speed.Willow is very wide in China's distribution, and Poplar Plantation area constantly expands, it has also become the maximum state of Poplar Plantation area in the world Family, but often influence the willow service life due to nursery improper measures, lead to that willow material is poor, form is poor, growth is slow, afforest at Motility rate is low, causes the waste of resource and economic loss.
Invention content
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a kind of methods of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture, pass through cuttage Ground site preparation adopts item and cuttings processing, cuttage and tending management, and in site preparation, cuttage and top dressing management phase respectively using special Fertilizer, reproduction speed is fast, cuttage survival rate is high, the seedling time is short, and seedling cost is relatively low, disclosure satisfy that in afforestation to pest-resistant The demand of Yang Youzhi strong sprouts.
In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problem, present invention employs following technical schemes:
A kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture, it is characterised in that:
(1), select and handle to cuttage:Select topography flat, quality is loose, has irrigation conditions, and draining is good, breathes freely Sandy loam as cuttage;2000~3000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied per acre, and soil is carried out after fertilising to cultivate ground, depth 20 ~30cm carries out cake before cuttage, will cultivate that the soil block cake behind ground is flat and cake is thin, applies 50~60kg of alga fertilizer again per acre;Fertilising Carry out site preparation, ridging specification immediately afterwards:Wide 50~60cm, high 15~20cm, cross section arch, and it is covered with film;
(2), adopt item and cuttings and handle:Using 1 year raw pest-resistant poplar branch, no disease and pests harm, robust growth, moisture is selected to fill The full branch of foot, sprout is cut into a diameter of 1.5~2cm, the cuttings that length is 12~18cm, upper cut as cuttings For flat nick, lower cut is angular cut, and notch is smooth, and wet sand storage is carried out after cutting is bundled, takes out cuttings before cuttage And it is soaked in clear water 24~72 hours;
(3), cuttage:Spring carries out cuttage before leaf bud is sprouted, all using straight cutting method or all using oblique cutting side Method, straight cutting method:By cuttings straight cutting straight down;Oblique cutting method:By cuttings along the direction oblique cutting on ridge, make cuttings tilt 30~ 40 °, and direction is consistent;Per ridge cuttage a line, the depth of 30~40cm of spacing in the rows, cuttage are above the ground level with first, top bastem portion 1cm suppresses ridge face in time after cuttage, soil is made to be in close contact with cuttings;
(4), watering and fertilising:Amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is utilized to fill thoroughly primary after cuttage immediately, it is every according to soil moisture content later Watered every 5~7 days, every the primary watering of watering continuously cycle 2 times in 5~7 days, final singling and survive it is stable after, further according to soil Soil moisture content control watering;Nursery stock determines to utilize alga fertilizer top dressing after root, and when height of seedling 60-80cm imposes primary, applies 4~8kg, seedling per acre It imposing primary when high 150~200cm, applies 8~12kg per acre, when 230~260cm of height of seedling, imposes primary, apply 10 per acre~ 15kg;
(5), except sprouting:It being carried out in time before side shoot lignifying except sprouting bud picking, when height of seedling 10cm, selects a healthy and strong coppice shoot, Remaining coppice shoot is removed, as seedling height of seedling 60cm or more, side shoot is removed in time, thereafter according to Routine Management;
Wherein the alga fertilizer is prepared in accordance with the following methods:Water, ether, ethyl acetate and new fresh seaweed are distinguished It is added in reaction kettle, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is added after being beaten together, is impregnated 48~72 hours at 35~40 DEG C;Then Press filtration, filtrate are seaweed extracted liquor;Finally the seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, epsom salt and bentonite are mixed, through rolling Cylinder granulation, drying, cooling and screening, obtain alga fertilizer;Wherein new fresh seaweed, water, ether, ethyl acetate and alkyl phenol polyoxy second Mass ratio is 20 between alkene ether:60:30:20:0.2;Wherein between seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, epsom salt and bentonite Mass ratio be 60:60:15:15;The seaweed refers to one kind or arbitrary proportion in kelp, seaweed, kelp, opotism and Enteromorpha It is two or more;
The wherein described amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is prepared in accordance with the following methods:By potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose It is uniformly mixed under closed environment with bicine N- and obtains amino acid fertilizer;Then the amino acid fertilizer is dissolved in amino In the water of sour 1000 times of quality of fertilizer, amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is obtained;Wherein potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and dihydroxy ethyl are sweet Mass ratio between propylhomoserin is 100:15:5.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
One, the present invention applied the special alga fertilizer and ammonia of unique effects in site preparation, cuttage and top dressing management phase respectively Base acid fertilizer.Cuttage survival rate is high, and seedling growth speed is fast, well developed root system, and cuttage survival rate reaches 98% or more, and current year height of seedling is flat Up to 360cm.Compared with common cuttage seeding, the nursery stock that annual cuttage seeding reaches the standard of being out of the garden improves 15%, and lateral root number carries High by 13%, total root long improves 14%.
Two, cuttage breeding method using the present invention can preferably keep maternal excellent hereditary capacity.
Three, the present invention uses ridging film covering method, inhibits weed growth, is beneficial to root growth, improves drought-resistant ability.
Four, dedicated fertilizer(Including alga fertilizer and amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer)Preparation and application be core of the invention technology it One.By testing discovery several times, other fertilizer is selected to be unable to reach the purpose of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention will be described in detail:
Embodiment one prepares special alga fertilizer
Water, ether, ethyl acetate and new fresh seaweed are added separately in reaction kettle, it is poly- that alkyl phenol is added after being beaten together Ethylene oxide ether impregnates 72 hours at 35~36 DEG C;Then press filtration, filtrate are seaweed extracted liquor;Finally the seaweed is extracted Liquid, potassium chloride, epsom salt and bentonite mixing are granulated through roller, dry, cooling and screening, obtaining alga fertilizer;
Mass ratio is 20 between wherein new fresh seaweed, water, ether, ethyl acetate and alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether:60:30: 20:0.2;
Mass ratio wherein between seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, epsom salt and bentonite is 60:60:15:15;
The seaweed refers to the two or more of one kind in kelp, seaweed, kelp, opotism and Enteromorpha or arbitrary proportion.
Embodiment two prepares special amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer
Potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bicine N- are uniformly mixed under closed environment and obtain ammonia Base acid fertilizer;Then the amino acid fertilizer is dissolved in the water of 1000 times of amino acid fertilizer quality, obtains amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer;
Mass ratio wherein between potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bicine N- is 100:15:5.
Embodiment three, pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture embodiment
(1), select and handle to cuttage:Select topography flat, quality is loose, has irrigation conditions, and draining is good, breathes freely Sandy loam as cuttage.Well-rotted farmyard manure 2500kg is applied per acre, and soil is carried out with cultivating after fertilising, depth 20~ 30cm carries out cake before cuttage, will cultivate that the soil block cake behind ground is flat, cake is thin, per acre applies the alga fertilizer of the preparation of embodiment one again 60kg.Site preparation, ridging specification are carried out after fertilising immediately:Wide 50~60cm, high 15~20cm, cross section arch, and it is covered with film;
(2), adopt item and cuttings and handle:Using 1 year raw pest-resistant poplar branch, no disease and pests harm, robust growth, moisture is selected to fill The full branch of foot, sprout is cut into a diameter of 1.5~2cm, the cuttings that length is 12~18cm, upper cut as cuttings For flat nick, lower cut is angular cut, and notch is smooth, and wet sand storage is carried out after cutting is bundled, takes out cuttings before cuttage And it is soaked in clear water 48 hours;
(3), cuttage:Cuttage is carried out on March 28th, 2014, using oblique cutting method:By cuttings along the direction oblique cutting on ridge, make Cuttings tilts 30~40 °, and direction is consistent.Per ridge cuttage a line, 30~40cm of spacing in the rows, the depth of cuttage is with first, top bud Base portion is above the ground level 1cm, suppresses ridge face after cuttage in time, and soil is made to be in close contact with cuttings;
(4), watering and fertilising:Amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer prepared by embodiment two is utilized to fill thoroughly primary after cuttage immediately, after Watering in every 6 days is primary, the primary watering of watering in every 6 days continuously cycle 2 times, final singling and survive it is stable after, can be according to soil moisture content Control watering.Nursery stock determines to should give the alga fertilizer top dressing prepared using embodiment one after root, and when 60~80cm of height of seedling imposes one It is secondary, apply 4kg per acre, when 150~200cm of height of seedling imposes primary, applies 10kg per acre, and when 230~260cm of height of seedling imposes one It is secondary, 15kg is applied per acre;
(5), except sprouting:It being carried out in time before side shoot lignifying except sprouting bud picking, when height of seedling 10cm, selects a healthy and strong coppice shoot, Remaining coppice shoot is removed, as seedling height of seedling 60cm or more, removes side shoot in time, thereafter Routine Management.
Example IV, pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture comparative example
Implementing cuttage and seedling culture adjacent territories with embodiment three, pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture pair has been carried out in same time Than experiment.Experiment condition is essentially identical with embodiment three in addition to being listed below, to investigate the effect of dedicated fertilizer of the present invention.
Step(1)In, will cultivate the soil block cake behind ground is flat, cake carefully apply afterwards common compound fertilizer, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and total amount with The special alga fertilizer that embodiment three uses is almost the same, is manured into soil instead of the special alga fertilizer prepared using embodiment one.
Step(4)In, being sprayed using amino acid, fertilizer filling is saturating to be changed to fill saturating with water in the present embodiment;Stage of topdressing changes three times It is almost the same to apply the special alga fertilizer that Common compound fertilizer, nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio and total amount and embodiment three use.
Embodiment three and the comparison of example IV experiment effect are as follows:
Embodiment Cuttage survival rate/% Average height of seedling/cm Up to nursery stock rate/%
Example three 98.4 365 96
Example four 89 304 82
As seen from the above table, very prominent using the special amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer of the present invention and special alga fertilizer, cuttage and seedling culture effect Go out.

Claims (1)

1. a kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture, it is characterised in that:
(1), select and handle to cuttage:Select topography flat, quality is loose, has irrigation conditions, and draining is good, ventilative sand Loam is as cuttage;2000~3000kg of well-rotted farmyard manure is applied per acre, and soil is carried out with cultivating after fertilising, depth 20~ 30cm carries out cake before cuttage, will cultivate that the soil block cake behind ground is flat and cake is thin, applies 50~60kg of alga fertilizer again per acre;After fertilising Site preparation, ridging specification are carried out immediately:Wide 50~60cm, high 15~20cm, cross section arch, and it is covered with film;
(2), adopt item and cuttings and handle:Using 1 year raw pest-resistant poplar branch, no disease and pests harm, robust growth, moisture abundance, bud are selected The full branch of body is cut into a diameter of 1.5~2cm, the cuttings that length is 12~18cm, upper cut is truncation as cuttings Mouthful, lower cut is angular cut, and notch is smooth, and wet sand storage is carried out after cutting is bundled, cuttings is taken out and impregnated before cuttage 24~72 hours in clear water;
(3), cuttage:Spring carries out cuttage before leaf bud is sprouted, all using straight cutting method or all using oblique cutting method, directly Insert method:By cuttings straight cutting straight down;Oblique cutting method:By cuttings along the direction oblique cutting on ridge, make 30~40 ° of cuttings inclination, and Direction is consistent;Per ridge cuttage a line, 30~40cm of spacing in the rows, the depth of cuttage is above the ground level 1cm with first, top bastem portion, skewer Ridge face is suppressed after inserting in time, soil is made to be in close contact with cuttings;
(4), watering and fertilising:Utilize amino acid fertilizer of spraying to fill thoroughly primary after cuttage immediately, later according to soil moisture content every 5~ Water within 7 days, every the primary watering of watering continuously cycle 2 times in 5~7 days, final singling and survive it is stable after, further according to soil moisture content control System watering;Nursery stock determines to utilize alga fertilizer top dressing after root, and when height of seedling 60-80cm imposes primary, applies 4~8kg, height of seedling 150 per acre It imposes primary when~200cm, applies 8~12kg per acre, when 230~260cm of height of seedling imposes primary, applies 10~15kg per acre;
(5), except sprouting:It is carried out in time before side shoot lignifying except sprouting bud picking, when height of seedling 10cm selects a healthy and strong coppice shoot, removal Remaining coppice shoot removes side shoot, thereafter according to Routine Management in time as seedling height of seedling 60cm or more;
Wherein the alga fertilizer is prepared in accordance with the following methods:Water, ether, ethyl acetate and new fresh seaweed are separately added into Into reaction kettle, alkyl phenol polyoxyethylene ether is added after being beaten together, is impregnated 48~72 hours at 35~40 DEG C;Then it presses Filter, filtrate is seaweed extracted liquor;Finally the seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, epsom salt and bentonite are mixed, through roller It is granulated, dries, cooling and screening, obtaining alga fertilizer;Wherein new fresh seaweed, water, ether, ethyl acetate and alkylphenol-polyethenoxy Mass ratio is 20 between ether:60:30:20:0.2;Wherein between seaweed extracted liquor, potassium chloride, epsom salt and bentonite Mass ratio is 60:60:15:15;The seaweed refers to one kind or arbitrary proportion in kelp, seaweed, kelp, opotism and Enteromorpha It is two or more;
The wherein described amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is prepared in accordance with the following methods:By potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and two Hydroxyethyl glycine is uniformly mixed under closed environment and obtains amino acid fertilizer;Then the amino acid fertilizer is dissolved in amino acid fertilizer In the water that 1000 times of quality, amino acid sprinkling irrigation fertilizer is obtained;Wherein potassium fulvate, sodium carboxymethylcellulose and bicine N- Between mass ratio be 100:15:5.
CN201610125896.5A 2016-03-07 2016-03-07 A kind of method of pest-resistant poplar spring cuttage and seedling culture Active CN105724105B (en)

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CN106105720A (en) * 2016-07-13 2016-11-16 天津泰达绿化集团有限公司 A kind of method for quickly breeding of Parthenocissus quinquefolia
CN111592425A (en) * 2020-06-11 2020-08-28 青岛埃图生物科技有限公司 Modified seaweed functional water-soluble fertilizer and preparation method thereof
CN114747417B (en) * 2022-04-24 2023-09-22 广东农垦热带作物科学研究所 Efficient cutting seedling method for Huangjingguo

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