CN101584293A - A kind of method for cultivating eucommia - Google Patents
A kind of method for cultivating eucommia Download PDFInfo
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- CN101584293A CN101584293A CNA2009100230958A CN200910023095A CN101584293A CN 101584293 A CN101584293 A CN 101584293A CN A2009100230958 A CNA2009100230958 A CN A2009100230958A CN 200910023095 A CN200910023095 A CN 200910023095A CN 101584293 A CN101584293 A CN 101584293A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of method for cultivating eucommia, may further comprise the steps: plant: bark of eucommia seedling is planted with 60 ° of oblique in the ranks cultivating method thick forest formulas; Stump is sprouted branch: to the bark of eucommia seedling after planting, stump before the rudiment in next year is removed the back of the body bud and side bud down after the rudiment, keeps 3～5 back buds sproutings and is branch, and the branch of selecting 3～5 stalwartnesses is as growing branch; Chemical regulation increases leaf, skin active constituent content: after treating that branch is sprouted, spray magnesium-containing compound in by the end of May every year, in early June foliage-spray growth hormone material.Carry the 6th year after planting, before the rudiment, once upgrade rejuvenation by the end of March.With this method cultivation bark of eucommia, not only can improve leaf, skin output, and can increase nutrient composition content in leaf, the skin, be a kind of pattern of suitable large tracts of land intensive culture, can satisfy industrial production requirement fully.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the cultivation method of economic tree, particularly a kind of method for cultivating eucommia.
Background technology
The bark of eucommia (Eucommia ulmoides Oliv.) is the distinctive a kind of economic tree of China.Since ancient times, the bark of eucommia is used as medicine with skin and is celebrated.Before 2,000 years, first pharmacology monograph Shennong's Herbal of China just put down in writing the drug effect of Cortex Eucommiae, cure mainly " pain along spinal column, bowl spares; beneficial vital essence, hard muscles and bones, strong will, wet except that itching under cloudy; dribbling urination, clothes are made light of one's life by commiting suicide anti-old for a long time ", and it is top grade that the bark of eucommia is classified as Chinese medicine.Compendium of Material Medica and essentials of Matea Medica have all been done to elaborate to pharmacology, the drug effect of the bark of eucommia: bark of eucommia look purple, and it is sweet and hot to distinguish the flavor of, and it is warm in nature flat, and Gan Wenneng mends, and little suffering can be moistened, and soreness of waist and knee joint is controlled in kidney tonifying, and is antiabortive so can go into liver waits disease.
In modern age, along with the application with various modernized detection techniques of developing rapidly of medicine and pharmacology, the medical care effect of the bark of eucommia has had the content of more renewals.Meanwhile, people have also begun the research to bark of eucommia integrated application, studies have shown that and contain the secondary metabolites the same in the folium cortex eucommiae with Cortex Eucommiae, as chlorogenic acid, gutta percha etc., have same bring high blood pressure down, anti-ageing, the effect (Zhang Kangjian, the Wang Lan that improve the health, the comparative studies of folium cortex eucommiae and skin active constituent content [J], Xibei Forest College is learned, and 1996,2; Gao Zhiming, Wang Taixia, peace is advanced in happiness, the variation [J] of folium cortex eucommiae chemical composition content and structure in growth and development process, Agricultural University Of He'nan's journal, 1997,6:145-148).
In recent years people more and more pay attention to the research and development of folium cortex eucommiae, along with the breakthrough of the peculiar gutta percha process technology of eucommia health care product and China and the exploitation of folium cortex eucommiae feed in the world, especially after the success of gutta percha and series product development, great impetus has been played in the stable development that the formation and the bark of eucommia of the big industry of bark of eucommia comprehensive exploitation are produced, brought new hope for the full use of the bark of eucommia.
But owing to the constraint of people to bark of eucommia cognitive sense, at present, the bark of eucommia adopts traditional high forest pattern to cultivate more, and this cultivation mode then yields poorly, and is of poor benefits, is difficult to satisfy existing industrial needs.So, want the bark of eucommia is carried out large-scale commercial development, must seek a kind of cultivation mode of can implant mass and gathering.
Aspect bark of eucommia coppice and leaf cultivate with woods, the cultivation mode that much is worthy to be popularized is arranged, such as, farmland economical bark of eucommia shelter forest pattern, clump shape bark of eucommia garden management mode, the capable banded planting culture pattern of width, pollard woods cultivation mode, tea place formula leaf are used bark of eucommia garden or the like with cultivation mode, high density leaf.
Yet above-described cultivation mode is the following problem of ubiquity all: leaf, the skin active constituent content of (1) gained bark of eucommia are low, and this becomes the topmost factor of restriction bark of eucommia industrialized development; (2) leaf of the gained bark of eucommia, skin active ingredient are difficult to take into account, and have both hindered the economic well-being of workers and staff of economic forest, have caused gained active ingredient single again, are unfavorable for the commercial planting of economic forest; (3) do not have fixing quantizating index, be difficult to concrete enforcement; The operational procedure that does not have strict standard is difficult to scale and plants.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention solves is to provide a kind of method for cultivating eucommia; be a kind of thick forest formula, leaf skin dual-purpose type cultivation method; improve content of effective by fine-grained management, help bark of eucommia large-scale planting and grow into forest, for bark of eucommia industrial production demand provides support to the bark of eucommia.
The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:
A kind of method for cultivating eucommia comprises the following steps:
Plant: bark of eucommia seedling is planted with 60 ° of oblique in the ranks cultivating method thick forest formulas;
Stump is sprouted branch: to carrying the bark of eucommia seedling after planting, and stump before the rudiment in next year, stubble height 15～20cm stays 10～20 of buds; Remove the back of the body bud and side bud down after the rudiment, keep 3～5 back buds sproutings and be branch, treat to select when branch grows to 20～25cm the branch of 2～3 stalwartnesses as growing branch;
Chemical regulation increases leaf, skin active constituent content:
After the bark of eucommia was carried and planted, every year, mu was executed urea 10～15kg before stump, poured water after the fertilising 1 time;
After treating that branch is sprouted, spray magnesium-containing compound in by the end of May every year, in the growth hormone material of early June foliage-spray 300～500ppm, in annual mid or late September picking leaves.
After the bark of eucommia was carried and planted, every year, mu was executed urea 10～15kg before stump, poured water after the fertilising 1 time; Executed one time fertilizer, every mu of 2000kg. in per 2 years
After treating that branch is sprouted, annual in the MgSO that sprays 0.3～0.5% by the end of May
4In early June leaf surface spraying concentration be the gibberellin of 300～500ppm.In annual mid or late September picking leaves.
The further technical characterstic of the present invention also is:
The bark of eucommia carries that to plant the back be a circulation with 6 years, upgrades rejuvenation to growing branch, improves the trees vitality: grew branch and sprout in the 1st～2 year; The 3rd～5 year, before the annual rudiment growth branch is carried out stump and adopt skin; The 6th year, bounce back stump once: will grow branch and sprout the branch group that the branch base portion cuts off sprouting in the period of six, the renewal that once bounces back, sprouting again from the 1st year.
Described stump is adopted skin: carry out degree of depth cutting back to growing branch before the rudiment, stay stake highly to be no more than 5cm, treat to stay 1～2 healthy and strong bud to continue to sprout after the rudiment.
Described thick forest formula carries that to plant its line-spacing of planting be 1m, and spacing in the rows is 0.5m, and every mu 1333 strain is planted;
Described magnesium-containing compound is that mass percent is 0.3～0.5% MgSO
4Described growth hormone material is gibberellin G3, and concentration is 300～500ppm.
Compared with prior art, beneficial technical effects of the present invention is:
1, the invention solves the contradiction that bark of eucommia Lin Yepi can not take into account, the cultivation mode that provides a kind of leaf skin to take into account increases leaf, skin active constituent content by chemical regulation simultaneously.
2, method provided by the invention is applied to the scale cultivating eucommia, significantly increases planting density, has improved early yield greatly; And, guaranteed the accumulation of active ingredient by combining with chemical regulation technique; Reached the purpose of high yield, high-load.
3, the present invention adopts retraction type to prune update mode, because the bark of eucommia belongs to the seeds that sprout tillers can be very capable, replys bark of eucommia vitality in this way, has avoided the bark of eucommia aging.
4, chemical regulation of the present invention has guaranteed the accumulation of leaf, intracutaneous active ingredient, sums up by a large amount of experiment accumulation to draw, and confirms to produce a desired effect foundation through reality.
Embodiment
Below the present invention is elaborated, described is explanation of the present invention rather than qualification.
Method for cultivating eucommia provided by the invention has been abandoned traditional bark of eucommia Qiaoization cultivation theory, adopts stump formula high density oblique cutting cultivation mode, has greatly improved the output of unit are; And the regulation and control by somatotropin and chemical agent, guaranteed the accumulation of active ingredient, reached the purpose of high yield, high-load every year; Adopt retraction type to prune update mode simultaneously, avoided the bark of eucommia aging.This method is taken into account output and the active constituent content that improves leaf and skin simultaneously, can be called leaf skin dual-purpose type cultivating eucommia pattern.
Its step of described cultivation method is specially:
(1) carry density in planting and mode:
A. adopt China secondary No. 2, secondary No. 3 of China, secondary No. 4 of China, No. 1 breeding female plant of middle forest Da Ye or height contains glue clone high quality seedling and carries and plant.
B. carry density in planting: 1 meter of line-spacing, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows, mu is planted 1330 strains.
C. dig and carry plant hole, fertilising: dark, the wide 60cm that is in cave; Whenever spreading manuer in holes, (fertilizer can be a compost into fertilizer 10kg; Make compost or barnyard manure).
D. carry the time of planting: be advisable to carry to plant behind the fall foliage, colder area also can be selected to carry spring to plant.
E. planting system: change tradition and directly plant, tiltedly plant about 60 ° of angles in the ranks tiltedly planting.
F. banket, pour water: require to carry plant after, pour water, after treating to ooze, use the grave moisture in the soil under water, cover to the lifting trace and be advisable.
(2) stump is sprouted branch and is upgraded rejuvenation:
A. to carrying the bark of eucommia seedling after planting autumn, stump before the rudiment in next year, stubble height remains on 15～20cm, is good with 15cm; Stay 10～20 buds, erase the back of the body after the rudiment down and the bud of side, keeps 3～5 back buds and sprout branches, treat that appropriate, the healthy and strong branch in 3 positions of selection when branch grows to 20～25cm left and right sides is as the growth branch.
B. carry and planted the back the 3rd year, before the rudiment (the Guanzhong area is for by the end of March), carry out degree of depth cutting back, stay stake highly to be no more than 5cm, treat to stay 1～2 healthy and strong bud to continue to sprout other bud erase all after the rudiment growing branch.
C. carry and planted the back the 4th year, by the b step operation of (2).
D. carry and planted the back the 5th year, by the b step operation of (2).
E. carry and planted the back the 6th year, the retraction stump was once sprouted the branch base portion and is cut off sprouting branch group for many years from 1 year, and developmental branch is sprouted in the renewal that once bounces back again, improves the trees vitality.
(3) chemical regulation and field management:
A. spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000kg every 2 years mu, every mu applies urea 10～15kg behind the stump, pours water after the fertilising 1 time.
B. spray magnesium-containing compound MgSO every year by the end of May
4, its mass percent concentration is 0.3～0.5%;
C. annual early June foliage-spray growth hormone material gibberellin G3, concentration is 300ppm.
Spray after the effect and the principle of magnesium compound: Mg enters plant corpus with ionic condition, a part is formed with organic compounds in vivo, and a part exists with ionic condition.Mg is the central atom of chlorophyll molecule, also be that many enzymes are (as glucokinase, fructokinase, galactokinase, phosphopentokinase, acetyl-CoA-synthetase, GC-syn, succinic thiokinase etc.) activator, so relevant with the conversion of carbohydrate and degraded and nitrogen metabolism.Because Mg has activation to acetyl-CoA-synthetase, and acetyl coenzyme A is a connecting link of glycolysis and tricarbonic acid cycle, also is the crucial substrate of cometabolism, it is the starting material of flavonoids in the secondary metabolism, terpenoid and rubber etc.So Mg directly influences active acetyl coenzyme A approach of secondary metabolism and shikimic acid pathway, thereby promoted the synthetic and accumulation of secondary metabolites in the folium cortex eucommiae skin.
Spray the effect and principle of gibberellin: the material of auxins can promote to form the synthetic of relevant RNA and protein with gutta percha, increases the quantity of the required enzyme of synthetic guttapercha.Gibberellin can improve the content of plant endogenous growth hormone, also can promote the synthetic of the interior multiple hydrolase of plant corpus, helps stoping photosynthetic product to transform to the storage form, thereby increases the synthesis material of gutta percha, impels photosynthetic product to transform to the compound direction of glue.
June effect of spraying pesticide preferably reason be: the first, in vivo synthetic of gutta percha is a process that continues to carry out.In the regular hour scope, the spray medicine early promotes the process that composes to begin early, and glue accumulates just manyly; The second, this moment, the tip growth of bark of eucommia spring stopped substantially, and the branch middle and lower part blade speed phase of giving birth to finishes, and blade size basic fixed adds that at this moment photosynthesis is vigorous, and the nutrient imbalance between supply and demand is tending towards relaxing in the plant body, and the required raw material of rubber polymer is sufficient; The 3rd, it is vigorous that set internal metabolism this moment, and the blade cuticula is thinner, so plant is stronger to the absorbing capacity of medicine behind the spray medicine.
Below be the specific embodiment that the inventor provides:
(1) implements place, kind
The place is positioned at the Guanzhong flat area, black earth soil, and height above sea level 400～600m belongs to the semi-humid monsoon climatic region in warm temperate zone, and moderate rainfall makes a clear distinction between the four seasons.13.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year; Annual precipitation 507.7-719.8 millimeter.Frost-free season 180-200 days.The test kind be China secondary No. 3 with No. 1, middle forest Da Ye.
(2) carry the time of planting, mode and density
Carry behind the fall foliages in 2003 and plant, plant by 1330 strain/mus (1 meter of line-spacing, 0.5 meter of spacing in the rows) density.Nursery stock trunk length is higher than 50cm, and root is grown up in 15cm, and the lateral root number is no less than 3, and root system development is good.Carry and to adopt 60 ° when planting and in the ranks tiltedly plant in the same way.Dark, the wide 60cm that is of planting hole, clay fertilizer 10kg whenever spreads manuer in holes.
(3) stump is sprouted branch and is upgraded rejuvenation
A. carry plant after, (the Guanzhong area by the end of March) stump before rudiment in 2004 next year, about toothing length 15cm, about 10～20 buds, erase under the back of the body after the rudiment and the side bud, only stay 3～5 back buds to sprout branches, branch stays appropriate, the healthy and strong branch in 3 positions as growing branch when growing to the 20cm left and right sides.
B.2005 year is carried out degree of depth cutting back to sprouting branch by the end of March, stays stake highly to be no more than 5cm. and treats to stay 1～2 healthy and strong bud to continue to sprout other bud erase all after the rudiment.
C.2006 year and 2007, repeat operating procedure in 2005.
D.2008 in year, sprouted the branch base portion from 1 year and cut off sprouting branch group for many years, having carried out once bounces back upgrades, and sprouts developmental branch again, has improved the trees vitality.
(4) chemical regulation and field management:
A. behind 1 year stump every mu apply urea 15kg, execute clay fertilizer 2000kg, pour water after the fertilising 1 time.Apply urea 15kg behind the later annual stump, spread fertilizer over the fields fertilizer 2000kg every 2 years mu.
B. spray MgSO every year by the end of May
4, mass concentration is 0.3～0.5%;
C. annual early June foliage-spray growth hormone material gibberellin G3, concentration is 300ppm;
(5) cultivation of the present invention compares with general high-density planting pattern different growths year leaf skin output and active constituent content:
General high-density planting pattern is: adopt line-spacing 1m, 20000 strains of planting of the planting density of spacing in the rows 0.5m, per hectare, planting, it is dried to cut from ground 15cm～20cm in the 2nd year, and 2～3 of coppice shoots are stayed in every strain, every year coppice shoot are cut off later on, cut cadre's invariant position, also do not take other ancillary methods.
Different growth year leaf skin output and active constituent content are more as shown in table 1, drawing clearly: after adopting the present invention, Cortex Eucommiae, leaf-making quantity and active constituent content all are significantly increased.
Wherein, 1, leaf-making quantity and skin output all are every mu dry matter weights.
2, the assay method of chlorogenic acid adopts: RPLC (HPLC) method, and chromatographic condition is: chromatographic column: ODS; Flowing phase: methanol-water-glacial acetic acid (9: 90: 1); Flow velocity 1m/min; Detect wavelength 240nm.
3, the assay method of gutta percha adopts: folium cortex eucommiae and skin are placed baking oven, dry by the fire 2h down at 60 ℃, take out, take by weighing 50g and be milled into soft silk flosssilk wadding shape immediately, put into beaker, add 5% sodium hydroxide solution in 75 ℃ of heating 3h, rinse well, add acid solution again in 65 ℃ of 12h, rinse well, get thick glue extract.Thick glue extract is placed apparatus,Soxhlet's, use the acetone reflux decolour, rinse well, obtain the fluffy softness of quality, near-white Folium glue wire, be dried to constant weight, weigh.
4, the mensuration of general flavone adopts visible-ultraviolet spectrophotometer method
Leaf, skin output and the active constituent content of the different growth year barks of eucommia of table 1 are relatively
Illustrate: data are the mean value of measuring in 2005,2006,2007 3 years in the table, and sample is a biased sample.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of method for cultivating eucommia is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
Plant: bark of eucommia seedling is planted with 60 ° of oblique in the ranks cultivating method thick forest formulas;
Stump is sprouted branch: to carrying the bark of eucommia seedling after planting, and stump before the rudiment in next year, stubble height 15～20cm stays 10～20 of buds; Remove the back of the body bud and side bud down after the rudiment, keep 3～5 back buds sproutings and be branch, treat to select when branch grows to 20～25cm the branch of 2～3 stalwartnesses as growing branch;
Chemical regulation increases leaf, skin active constituent content:
After the bark of eucommia was carried and planted, every year, mu was executed urea 10～15kg before stump, poured water after the fertilising 1 time;
After treating that branch is sprouted, spray magnesium-containing compound in by the end of May every year, in the growth hormone material of early June foliage-spray 300～500ppm, in annual mid or late September picking leaves.
2, a kind of method for cultivating eucommia as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, and is further comprising the steps of, and the bark of eucommia carries that to plant the back be a circulation with 6 years, upgrades rejuvenation to growing branch, improves the trees vitality: grew branch and sprout in the 1st～2 year; The 3rd～5 year, before the annual rudiment growth branch is carried out stump and adopt skin; The 6th year, the retraction stump was once sprouted the branch group that the branch base portion cuts off sprouting in the period of six with growing branch from the 1st year, sprout again then.
3, a kind of method for cultivating eucommia as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that, described stump mode is: carry out degree of depth cutting back to growing branch before the rudiment, stay stake highly to be no more than 5cm, treat to stay 1～2 healthy and strong bud to continue to sprout after the rudiment.
4, a kind of method for cultivating eucommia as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described thick forest formula carries that to plant its line-spacing of planting be 1m, and spacing in the rows is 0.5m, and every mu 1333 strain is planted;
5, a kind of method for cultivating eucommia as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described magnesium-containing compound is that mass percent is 0.3～0.5% MgSO
4Described growth hormone material is gibberellin G3, and concentration is 300～500ppm.
6, a kind of method for cultivating eucommia as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises following field management: be affixed by fertilizer one time every 2 years mu, execute 2000kg for every mu, fertilizer is compost, makes compost or barnyard manure.
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Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104938285A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽恩赐方生物科技有限公司 | Magnesium-rich eucommia plantation method |
| CN105815187A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-08-03 | 甘肃中医药大学 | Efficient low-cost planting method for eucommia ulmoides in arid desert area |
| CN106386326A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 马健 | Cultivation method for eucommia ulmoides |
| CN106954503A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods |
| CN108651135A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-16 | 乐山市林业科学研究院(乐山市林业科技推广站)(四川省林产品质量安全监测乐山站) | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees afforestation technology |
| CN109006217A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆多普泰制药股份有限公司 | A kind of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch implantation methods |
| CN109673359A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 吉首大学 | A kind of cultural method of south leaf Cortex Eucommiae high yield and high quality |
| CN111296160A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-19 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Method for rapidly planting trees in front edge area for repairing vegetation on windward slope of island |
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| CN106508361A (en) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-03-22 | 国家林业局泡桐研究开发中心 | Cultivation method for increasing yield of gutta-percha |
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- 2009-06-29 CN CN2009100230958A patent/CN101584293B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104938285A (en) * | 2015-07-02 | 2015-09-30 | 安徽恩赐方生物科技有限公司 | Magnesium-rich eucommia plantation method |
| CN105815187A (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2016-08-03 | 甘肃中医药大学 | Efficient low-cost planting method for eucommia ulmoides in arid desert area |
| CN106386326A (en) * | 2016-08-29 | 2017-02-15 | 马健 | Cultivation method for eucommia ulmoides |
| CN106954503A (en) * | 2017-01-22 | 2017-07-18 | 东北林业大学 | A kind of northern leaf cultural method of bark of eucommia woods |
| CN108651135A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-10-16 | 乐山市林业科学研究院(乐山市林业科技推广站)(四川省林产品质量安全监测乐山站) | A kind of Cortex Eucommiae fast-growing andhigh-yeilding trees afforestation technology |
| CN109006217A (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2018-12-18 | 重庆多普泰制药股份有限公司 | A kind of tripterygium hypoglaucum hutch implantation methods |
| CN109673359A (en) * | 2019-01-14 | 2019-04-26 | 吉首大学 | A kind of cultural method of south leaf Cortex Eucommiae high yield and high quality |
| CN111296160A (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2020-06-19 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Method for rapidly planting trees in front edge area for repairing vegetation on windward slope of island |
| CN111296160B (en) * | 2020-03-26 | 2021-10-22 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Method for rapidly planting trees in front edge area for repairing vegetation on windward slope of island |
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