CN103416183B - Dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting - Google Patents
Dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the implantation methods field of plant, a kind of dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting is disclosed, comprise seed selection, whole ground, sowing, built, weeding, fertilising, draining, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, ridging and results step, before sowing, do kind of a stem pretreatment, planting stem preprocess method is: use 50% carbendazol wettable powder, dilute 1000 times and soak kind of a stem 30min, or the 30min that is soaked in water; Fertilising comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and applying fertilizer to the subsoil is to execute compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, and topdressing is to execute foliage fertilizer. It is lack of standardization that the present invention has overcome in existing dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial growth planting technology, blindly fertilising causes stem tuber to rot, harvest yield is low, the defect that saponin content is low, provides a kind of planting technology specification, avoids the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting that stem tuber rots, harvest yield is high and saponin content is high.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to plant cover cultivation methods field, be specifically related to a kind of dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting.
Background technology
Dioscorea zingiberensis wright another name yellow ginger, duration and degree of heating root are the perennial winding herbaceous species of Dioscoreaceae Dioscorea plant. Mainly be distributed in the torrid zone, minority is distributed in subtropical zone and temperate zone, intersperses among the each continent of the new Old World. Rhizome in dioscorea includes Chinese yam saponin, and its crude drug can be dispelled rheumatism, relaxed the muscles and stimulate the blood circulation, treatment of arthritis, coronary heart disease and water-snail eradication; It is the primary raw material of synthetic cortex hormone of aadrenaline, sex hormone and the protein anabolic hormone class medicine with effects such as anti-inflammatory, analgesia, anesthesia, contraceptions by the saponin of extracting in root-like stock, is also the important source material of producing Chuanlong Guanxinning, Diaoxinxue Kang; Also has in addition antitumor action. Chinese yam also can produce alcohol, grease and glucose etc., and value is high, and purposes is very extensive.
Chinese yam is for being wound around herbaceous stem or woody climber, and minority is short and small draft; Under ground portion is root-like stock or stem tuber, and shape is various; Left-handed or the dextrorotation of stem, hairiness or without hair, spinosity or stingless; Leaf alternate, middle part is above to life sometimes, single leaf or palmately compound leaf, Dan Yechang is heart-shaped or avette, oval, and the leaflet of palmately compound leaf is often lanceolar or oval, and base goes out network of vein shape; Petiole reverses, and base portion has joint sometimes. Flower unisexuality or both sexes, dioecism, seldom homophyletic; Spend Dan Sheng, cluster or be arranged in spike, total shape or panicle; Fruit is capsule, berry or samara, capsule prismatic, every shuttle aliform, ripe rear top cracking; Seed has wing or aptery, has endosperm.
According to statistics, at present, more than international market year approximately needing Chinese yam saponin 2500T, and annual cut only has 2000T left and right; More than domestic market year needing saponin 2000T, and actual cut quantity not sufficient 1000T, insufficiency of supply-demand is larger. China produces saponin 700T left and right per year, produce saponin per ton and approximately need 35T dry product Chinese yam, domestic market dry product Chinese yam valency is 6000-7000 unit/T, and international market saponin price is about 500,000 yuan/T, remarkable in economical benefits, the world of medicine is called " medicinal gold ", and because bulk drug demand is larger, but wild resource destruction is more serious, cause wild resource scarcity, only walk the road of artificial growth, could provide sufficient medicine source for market, development potentiality is large. Current artificial growth dioscorea zingiberensis wright technology lacks, and existing artificial growth and common agricultural plantation difference are little, lack on the one hand the NULL for the biological characteristics of dioscorea zingiberensis wright; On the other hand, lack the results of condition on dioscorea zingiberensis wright and the impacts of effective content such as NULL soil, planting density and fertilizer practice, conventionally due to blindly fertilising, cause fertilizer damage, cause the death of part plant and root-like stock seriously to rot, cause the dioscorea zingiberensis wright harvest yield of artificial growth little, effective content is low, is difficult to meet the need of market. In addition, what current artificial growth was taked be out, and flat railway carriage or compartment nest is broadcast or drilling, and this kind of planting type is subject to the impact of the natural climate condition such as rainy, arid, be difficult to improve harvest yield, in rainy situation, often form ponding, cause Chinese yam anaerobic respiration, cause root-like stock to rot in a large number; When arid, affect normal growth and grow, restriction production development.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is lack of standardization for planting technology in existing dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial growth, blindly fertilising and water disaster cause stem tuber to rot, harvest yield is low, the defect that saponin content is low, provides a kind of planting technology specification, avoids the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting that stem tuber rots, harvest yield is high and saponin content is high.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the invention provides following technical scheme: dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting, comprise seed selection, whole ground, sowing, built, weeding, fertilising, row irrigation, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, ridging and results step, before described sowing step, do kind of a stem pretreatment, planting stem preprocess method is: soak and plant stems with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilutions, or kind of the stem that is soaked in water;
Described sowing adopts ridge to plant drilling method or ridge cultivation nest is broadcast method;
Described fertilising step comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and base fertilizer is that fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer mix in farmers', and topdressing is foliage fertilizer; Farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=12%), potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%) and oil cake.
Adopt the dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting of technical solution of the present invention, before sowing step, do kind of a stem pretreatment, kind stem preprocess method is: with 1000 times of immersion kind of stems of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilution, or kind of the stem that is soaked in water. Plant stem pretreatment and can make kind of stem germination percentage improve, increase harvest yield; 50% carbendazol wettable powder has bactericidal effect, dilutes 1000 times and soaks kind of stems and on the one hand kind of a stem is absorbed water in a large number, provides sufficient moisture for germinateing, and plays on the other hand bactericidal effect, reduces kind of stem rot rotten; Kind of the stem that is soaked in water absorbs water kind of a stem in a large number, provides sufficient moisture for germinateing, and improves kind of a stem germination percentage.
Sowing adopts ridge to plant drilling method or ridge cultivation nest is broadcast method. Ridge plants makes that loosing soil is ventilative, water conservation and keeping fertility strong, can avoid field ponding, through experimental study statistics, dioscorea zingiberensis wright is planted nest with ridge, and to broadcast the harvest yield of method the highest, is secondly the harvest yield that ridge plants drilling method, all can increase substantially harvest yield by more flat railway carriage or compartment seeding method.
Fertilising step comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and applying fertilizers scientifically is one of important technique measure improving economic flow rate, avoids lavishment fertilizer to cause soil fertility to reduce and to plant stem rot rotten; Base fertilizer is that fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer mix in farmers', and topdressing is foliage fertilizer, and farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=12%), potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%) and oil cake. Base fertilizer is base manure, is the fertilizer of using prior to seeding, is mainly to supply with needed nutrient in dioscorea zingiberensis wright whole growth period, for providing adequate nutrients in dioscorea zingiberensis wright growth course; The effect of topdressing be mainly for supply crop certain period a large amount of needs to nutrient, or the deficiency of supplementary base fertilizer. Through experimental study statistics, when base fertilizer is compound potassium sulfate fertilizer, output is the highest, is secondly that fertilizer mixes in farmers'. Farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=12%), potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%) and oil cake, major part is organic fertilizer, adds a small amount of phosphorus, potassium element, for dioscorea zingiberensis wright growth course provides sufficient nutritional labeling; Foliage fertilizer is to provide nutrition by blade, absorbs by palisade tissue and the spongy tissue of blade, on the one hand, can make nutrient enter plant by blade rapidly, supplements the nutrients rapidly; On the other hand, as phosphorus, iron, manganese, copper, zinc fertilizer etc., if used as root, easily by soil fixing, affect application effect for some fertilizer, and adopt foliage-spray just can not be subject to the restriction of edaphic condition, give full play to effect; Moreover, if to a large amount of applied nitrogens of soil, easily cause the accumulation of underground water and Nitrate in Vegetable, and take foliage fertilizer, can suitably reduce soil applying fertilizer amount, reduce remaining mineral nitrogen in the interior nitrate content of plant and soil, both saved dose, alleviated again the pollution at soil and water source.
Further, described farmers' mixes fertile raw material proportioning and is: the farmyard manure 1500-2000 of farmers' part, calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=12%) 40-60 part, potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%) 5-15 part, oil cake 10-25 part. The economic benefit of suitable proportioning competence exertion maximum, through experimental study statistics, fertile proportioning is mixed by this farmers' can improve dioscorea zingiberensis wright harvest yield in a large number.
Further, described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 20-30kg or N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 40-60kg. Through experimental study statistics, use N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 20-30kg or N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 40-60kg all can increase substantially the harvest yield of dioscorea zingiberensis wright.
Further, described foliage fertilizer is Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer, and wherein, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%. Through test statistics research, dioscorea zingiberensis wright is executed foliage fertilizer in producing can improve harvest yield by a relatively large margin, and with foliage-spray Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1% for best.
Further again, described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 25kg or N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 50kg. Through test statistics research, N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 25kg or N13P17K15The best results of >=45% every mu of 50kg, at utmost improves the harvest yield of dioscorea zingiberensis wright.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with detailed description of the invention, the invention will be further described:
Each embodiment and test dioscorea zingiberensis wright kind stem used derive from the artificial growth product of Chengkou County;
Embodiment mono-:
Following table is the plantation main points of embodiment mono-, in table 1:
Every mu of base fertilizer amount of application of table 1
Wherein one group of data of choosing in above-described embodiment illustrate:
1. wholely: selection height above sea level 400～900m scope on the sunny side, warm, air humidity is relatively large, row irrigation is convenient, without the region of atmosphere, soil, water quality and industrial pollution, select loosing soil, sand loam or oil-sand soil fertile, pH value 5～7 to plant, the soil of choosing is dug or ploughs and turn over, owe thin leveling, choose cut weeds, stone, wait to sow.
2. seed selection: select that root-like stock is sturdy, even, vitality is strong, color of the leather is bright-coloured shinny, without disease and pest, have root-like stock front end and the middle-end part of two eyes at least, long 6cm left and right, fresh stem section more than weight 20g is planted. Attention: storage wilting seed has a certain impact with harvest yield to emerging; Root-like stock is tiny, and relatively weak type and the one's old mother's stem of vitality should not be planted.
3. the preparation of base fertilizer: at least one moon before Chinese yam sowing, will ready work, every mu with the farmyard manure 1500kg of farmers', calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=12%) 50kg, potassium sulfate (K2O >=50% left and right) 10kg, oil cake 15kg, people and animals' liquid dung is appropriate. To mix and mix thoroughly with apply fertilizer, and mix and wet as degree with dung polluted water water, then by fertilizer stack retting, upper cover film be by its fermentation maturity, for subsequent use in the time sowing Chinese yam.
4. kind of stem pretreatment: by the kind stem of choosing prior to seeding with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilute with waters seed soaking 20min.
5. sowing: open railway carriage or compartment by 90cm width, furrow width 30cm is interior, then by earth in ditch toward two sides ridging on railway carriage or compartment, high 20cm left and right, ridge, keeps 60cm, compartment top width 40cm left and right at the bottom of railway carriage or compartment, on railway carriage or compartment, duplicate rows is played nest plantation, the dark about 10cm of nest, and nest is apart from 20cm left and right, every nest plantation stem is large 1, little 2～3, after plantation, impose the base fertilizer of getting ready, finally cover seed with earth in ditch, smooth as degree taking railway carriage or compartment face, now ridge is up to 25cm left and right.
6. weeding is loosened the soil: take manual method weeding, the weeds in Chinese yam growth period should be as far as possible except early, except little, taking keep field substantially without weeds as principle, after weeding, in conjunction with loosening the soil with spud is shallow, avoid showing soil and harden.
7. built: in the time that Chinese yam seedling grows to 30-40cm, with about 1.5m long bamboo or small wooden, by the triangle binding built of transplanting.
Draining with pour water: Chinese yam rudiment is to the seeding stage, suitable water capacity 70～80%; Suitable water capacity of aerial growth stage is 65～75%, and the suitable water capacity of root-like stock expanding stage is 60～70%, notes field row irrigation in whole breeding time.
9. topdress: foliage application carries out 2 times every year, respectively spray Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer 1 time June and the August of Chinese yam plant strain growth animated period, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.
10. ridging: find that exposed root-like stock must earth up, the normal growth that is conducive to root system is grown and rhizomatic expanding, be not subject to the impact of extraneous other factors, can also prevent winter excessive low temperature to cause root-like stock freeze injury, can create favorable conditions for high yield by ridging.
11. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Brown spot: its pests occurrence rule is to occur small circular or irregular brown scab on the old and new's blade, on spot, adularescent ash shape thing spreads to surrounding, edge is more obvious, progressively becoming hide-like makes cauline leaf blackening brown withered, sick leaf spreads to surrounding leaf very soon, severe patient causes Chinese yam withered in flakes, larger on harvest yield impact. Chinese yam brown spot is a kind of fungal disease, and disease can endanger various crop, on invalid body, survives the winter, and field borrows air-flow and rainwater to propagate, hot and humid environment and continuous cropping ground and low-lying land, impeded drainage susceptible disease. Prevent and treat method: before and after onset all 500 times of liquid sprayings of 700 times of liquid of available dragon gram bacterium missible oil or 75% Bravo have good prevention effect, also can, with the control of mineral agricultural chemicals Bordeaux mixture, every 10d spray 1 time, connect and spray 3～4 times in addition.
Root rot: cause of disease belongs to Fusariumsp class in fungi, this disease is mainly at high temperature in 6～August, rainy season, under the ponding condition of field, very easily cause rotten kind, diseased plant tendril base portion blackening brown after morbidity, disease portion is slightly sagging, sometimes ftracture and go deep in cortex, the rotten half of some root-like stocks or more, a little less, severe patient complete stool root-like stock becomes water stain shape to rot, after dry, become ghost shape, diseased plant is injured, overground part is withered dead gradually, field diseased plant severe patient reaches more than 50%, the local plot having is dead in flakes, on the formation impact of harvest yield greatly, the normal development that it produces restriction, therefore must be researched and solved, could create favorable conditions for high yield. prevent and treat method: make draining unimpeded, accomplish not ponding of field, have good preventive effect, if field morbidity, first notes draining, do not make field that ponding occurs again, fill with and execute with 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder of 50% simultaneously, can prevent and treat diseased plant and no longer continue the diffusion of rotten and diseased plant.
Insect pest: the Major Pests of Chinese yam is grub, its larva gnaws rhizome, when serious, causes the disconnected stem of being short of seedling, and affects harvest yield. Prevent and treat method: when Chinese yam plantation, use the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed. While finding field grub harm, available oil cake and 90% metrifonate mix bait, are sprinkling upon the trapping of Chinese yam root, also can prevent and treat with 1500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
12. results: by the plantation Chinese yam of 2 years before plant withered and did not sprout to the early March root-like stock of next year late November, select fine day or cloudy day, after first removing on railway carriage or compartment the climing and frame material of stem, excavate, the root-like stock of results is selected to the standby plantation of seed use, and remainder can directly or after dry processing be sold fresh goods.
Embodiment bis-:
Following table is the plantation main points of embodiment mono-, in table 2:
Every mu of amount of application of table 2
Wherein one group of data of choosing in above-described embodiment illustrate:
1. wholely: selection height above sea level 400～900m scope on the sunny side, warm, air humidity is relatively large, row irrigation is convenient, without the region of atmosphere, soil, water quality and industrial pollution, select loosing soil, sand loam or oil-sand soil fertile, pH value 5～7 to plant, the soil of choosing is dug or ploughs and turn over, owe thin leveling, choose cut weeds, stone, wait to sow.
2. seed selection: select that root-like stock is sturdy, even, vitality is strong, color of the leather is bright-coloured shinny, without disease and pest, have root-like stock front end and the middle-end part of two eyes at least, long 6cm left and right, fresh stem section more than weight 20g is planted. Attention: storage wilting seed has a certain impact with harvest yield to emerging; Root-like stock is tiny, and relatively weak type and the one's old mother's stem of vitality should not be planted, and should make commodity selling.
3. the preparation of base fertilizer: at least one moon before Chinese yam sowing, will ready work, use compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 25kg.
4. kind of stem pretreatment: by the kind stem of choosing prior to seeding with the 30min that soaks seed after 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilute with waters.
5. sowing: open railway carriage or compartment by 90cm width, furrow width 30cm is interior, then by earth in ditch toward two sides ridging on railway carriage or compartment, high 20cm left and right, ridge, keeps 60cm, compartment top width 40cm left and right at the bottom of railway carriage or compartment, on railway carriage or compartment, duplicate rows is played nest plantation, the dark about 10cm of nest, and nest is apart from 20cm left and right, every nest plantation stem is large 1, little 2～3, after plantation, execute the base fertilizer of getting ready, finally cover seed with earth in ditch, smooth as degree taking railway carriage or compartment face, now ridge is up to 25cm left and right.
6. weeding is loosened the soil: take manual method weeding, the weeds in Chinese yam growth period should be as far as possible except early, except little, taking keep field substantially without weeds as principle, after weeding, in conjunction with loosening the soil with spud is shallow, avoid showing soil and harden.
7. built: in the time that Chinese yam seedling grows to 30-40cm, with about 1.5m long bamboo or small wooden, by the triangle binding built of transplanting.
Draining with pour water: Chinese yam rudiment is to the seeding stage, suitable water capacity 70～80%; Suitable water capacity of aerial growth stage is 65～75%, and the suitable water capacity of root-like stock expanding stage is 60～70%, notes field row irrigation in whole breeding time.
9. topdress: foliage application carries out 2 times every year, respectively spray Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer 1 time June and the August of Chinese yam plant strain growth animated period, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.
10. ridging: find that exposed root-like stock must earth up, the normal growth that is conducive to root system is grown and rhizomatic expanding, be not subject to the impact of extraneous other factors, can also prevent winter excessive low temperature to cause root-like stock freeze injury, can create favorable conditions for high yield by ridging.
11. prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control:
Brown spot: its pests occurrence rule is to occur small circular or irregular brown scab on the old and new's blade, on spot, adularescent ash shape thing spreads to surrounding, edge is more obvious, progressively becoming hide-like makes cauline leaf blackening brown withered, sick leaf spreads to surrounding leaf very soon, severe patient causes Chinese yam withered in flakes, larger on harvest yield impact. Chinese yam brown spot is a kind of fungal disease. Disease can endanger various crop, on invalid body, survives the winter, and field borrows air-flow and rainwater to propagate, hot and humid environment and continuous cropping ground and low-lying land, impeded drainage susceptible disease. Prevent and treat method: before and after onset all 500 times of liquid sprayings of 700 times of liquid of available dragon gram bacterium missible oil or 75% Bravo have good prevention effect, also can, with the control of mineral agricultural chemicals Bordeaux mixture, every 10d spray 1 time, connect and spray 3～4 times in addition.
Root rot: cause of disease belongs to Fusariumsp class in fungi, this disease is mainly at high temperature in 6～August, rainy season, under the ponding condition of field, very easily cause rotten kind, diseased plant tendril base portion blackening brown after morbidity, disease portion is slightly sagging, sometimes ftracture and go deep in cortex, some root-like stocks are by rotten half or more, a little less, severe patient complete stool root-like stock becomes water stain shape to rot, after dry, become ghost shape, diseased plant is injured, overground part is withered dead gradually, field diseased plant severe patient reaches more than 50%, the local plot having is dead in flakes, on the formation impact of harvest yield greatly, the normal development that it produces restriction, therefore must be researched and solved, could create favorable conditions for high yield. prevent and treat method: change planting patterns, level off and plant as ridge cultivation, dark reason gutter, makes draining unimpeded, accomplishes not ponding of field, there is good preventive effect, if field morbidity, first notes draining, do not make field that ponding occurs again, fill with and execute with 500 times of liquid of carbendazol wettable powder of 50% simultaneously, can prevent and treat diseased plant and no longer continue the diffusion of rotten and diseased plant.
Insect pest: the Major Pests of Chinese yam is grub, its larva gnaws rhizome, when serious, causes the disconnected stem of being short of seedling, and affects harvest yield. Prevent and treat method: when Chinese yam plantation, use the fertilizer becoming thoroughly decomposed. While finding field grub harm, available oil cake and 90% metrifonate mix bait, are sprinkling upon the trapping of Chinese yam root, also can prevent and treat with 1500 times of liquid irrigating roots of 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate.
12. results: by the plantation Chinese yam of 2 years before plant withered and did not sprout to the early March root-like stock of next year late November, select fine day or cloudy day, after first removing on railway carriage or compartment the climing and frame material of stem, excavate, the root-like stock of results is selected to the standby plantation of seed use, and remainder can directly or after dry processing be sold fresh goods.
In addition, the research of tool statistical test, 1.31 times of the Chinese yam plantation ratio of the 2 years plantation volume increase of a year, per mu yield average out to 2365.55kg, more than high reached at 2500kg, and annual Chinese yam average yield per mu is 1034.62kg, the highest only has about 1100kg, illustrates that Chinese yam plantation 2 years is the suitable results time limit.
Below the tests of various plantation factors on dioscorea zingiberensis wright impact:
Test one: the impact of seed pretreatment on harvest yield
1. test material: select freshly in 1-2 root-like stock more than eye, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2-2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right makes to plant a stem.
2. experimental condition: select physical features on the sunny side, loosing soil, fertile be yellowish-brown sand loam, pH value 5.0 left and right, row irrigation facilitates, and manually soil is owed carefully, chooses except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed:
Many bacterium of A:50% wettable powder, sows after 1000 times of immersion kind 30min;
B: sow after Seed soaking 30min;
C: do not soak seed seed sowing;
3 processing, repeat for 6 times, and random district group is arranged, Gong18 community, community area 4.0 × 0.95m=3.8m2, all take ridge to plant, row nest is apart from 20 × 20cm, and per hectare is with planting a 3000kg.
In late March in whole good ground, by designing requirement, by each processing community, open 40cm long, the railway carriage or compartment that 90cm is wide, by earth in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment toward Shang Cheng ridge, railway carriage or compartment, the high 20cm in ridge left and right, wide 40cm, on the ridge performing, duplicate rows is beaten nest, dark 10cm left and right, and 40 nests are made a call in every community, after nest is accomplished fluently, execute high-concentration sulfuric acid K composite fertilizer N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 50kg, is evenly spread in nest, then will plant stem size matching plantation, and one of large cultivation is little more than 2. After plantation, earth in ditch is owed carefully, carried in railway carriage or compartment face and covering, more than thick 10cm, keep railway carriage or compartment face substantially smooth. Field management in growth period term harmonization, in late November then Chinese yam when plant yellow is withered on the ground, gather, removing weighs to survey after tendril fibrous root and earth immediately produces.
5. the research of seed pretreatment to dioscorea zingiberensis wright yield effect, the results are shown in Table 3.
The contrast of table 3 seed pretreatment Chinese yam results output of fresh
As can be seen from Table 3, the output of processing with A is the highest, is secondly that B processes, and the output that C (contrast) processes is minimum.
6. conclusion
When Chinese yam plantation, first with 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or clear water, seed is soaked to 30min, allow seed fully absorb water, after seed soaking, sowing, can increase substantially economic flow rate, it is one of important technique measure improving output, the volume increase 18.78% and 14.08% of more not soaking seed respectively, therefore, applies 1000 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or clear water and will after seed dipping pretreatment, sow in production, all feasible, can large scale application.
Test two: the impact of Different Ways of Planting on harvest yield
1. test material: select root-like stock fresh, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2～2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right makes to plant a stem.
2. experiment condition: selecting soil is grey sand loam, pH value 5.4 left and right, row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over ground plough, more manually soil is owed carefully, to choose except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed:
A: flat railway carriage or compartment traverse furrow drilling;
B: flat railway carriage or compartment flute double rows line seeding;
C: flat railway carriage or compartment duplicate rows nest is broadcast;
D: ridge plants double rows line seeding;
E: ridge plants duplicate rows nest and broadcasts;
5 processing, repeat for 3 times, Gong15 community, and community area 3.00 × 0.90m, distance between rows and hills 20 × 20cm, random district group is arranged, kind of a 200.0kg for mu, kind of a 0.80kg for community.
4. test method: on whole good soil, respectively open flat railway carriage or compartment by designing requirement in late March, ridging is ditched or played nest plantation, dark 10cm left and right, the high 20cm in ridge, after ditch or nest are accomplished fluently, first by high-concentration sulfuric acid K composite fertilizer N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 50kg is sprinkling upon in ditch or nest uniformly, then the plantation of seed size being arranged in pairs or groups uniformly, one of large cultivation, little more than 2, after plantation, earth in ditch is overlying on to railway carriage or compartment face, thick 10cm left and right, field management breeding time term harmonization, in late November then Chinese yam when plant yellow is withered on the ground, gather, removing weighs to survey after tendril fibrous root, earth immediately produces.
5. result of the test
The impact of Chinese yam Different Ways of Planting on harvest yield, the results are shown in Table 4.
Table 4
As can be seen from Table 4, the output of processing with E is the highest, is secondly that D processes, and is that C, B process again, and it is the poorest that A processes.
6. conclusion
It is the highest that dioscorea zingiberensis wright is planted the output broadcast of nest with ridge, is secondly that ridge plants drilling, and minimum is level planting drilling, ridge plant that nest broadcasts compared with the volume increase of level planting drilling 28.19%. In production, take ridge plant nest broadcast or drilling all feasible, all can improve by a relatively large margin output.
Test three: dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer proportion research
1. test material: select the fresh root-like stock with bud mouth, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2～2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right is made test material
2. experiment condition: soil is the sandy loam of grey, pH value 5.4 left and right, row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over ground plough, more manually thin soil rake, chooses except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed: in table 5.
The design of table 5 dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer proportioning test
Note: row nest is apart from 20 × 20cm
4. test method: in late March on whole good soil, by designing requirement, ridging is played nest plantation, dark 10cm left and right, the high 20cm in ridge, after nest is accomplished fluently, each processing Amount of Base Fertilizer And is evenly spread on respectively in nest, then by seed size collocation plantation, large every nest is planted 1, little more than 2, after plantation, earth in ditch is overlying on to railway carriage or compartment face, thick 10cm left and right, each processing breeding time field pipe term harmonization, in the time that late November Chinese yam ground plant yellow is then withered, gather, remove after tendril fibrous root, earth, weigh immediately to survey and produce.
5. result of the test
The impact of base fertilizer proportioning on output, the results are shown in Table 6.
The impact of table 6 base fertilizer proportioning on dioscorea zingiberensis wright harvest yield
As can be seen from Table 6, the output of processing with G is the highest, is secondly that D, C process, and the poorest is that F, E, B, A process.
6. conclusion
Chinese yam cultivation is used appropriate compound potassium sulfate fertilizer and is made base fertilizer in producing, and can significantly improve output.
Test four: dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer different administration quantity research
1. test material: select root-like stock without disease and pest and rot to occur, being with more than 1～2 eye, the stem section of long 6cm left and right is made kind of a stem.
2. experiment condition: soil be loosen, fertile pitchy sand loam, row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over ground plough, more manually soil is owed carefully, to choose except tree root, weeds and stone, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed, in table 7:
Table 7 dioscorea zingiberensis wright base fertilizer amount of application experimental design
All the other in farmers''s mixing fertilizer are: calcium superphosphate (P2O5>=12%), potassium sulfate (K2O >=50%) and oil cake
4. test method: sow mid-March, ridging on the railway carriage or compartment of getting ready, more than high 20cm, then on ridge, duplicate rows is beaten nest, dark 10cm left and right, after nest is accomplished fluently, the base fertilizer of each processing is evenly imposed on respectively in the nest of design community, after fertilising, sow again, large cultivation 1 each, little 2～3, after sowing, carefully carry in railway carriage or compartment cover kind whole earth in the ditch of railway carriage or compartment, keep railway carriage or compartment face substantially smooth, high 25cm left and right, ridge, each processing topdressed, the field pipe term harmonizations such as weeding, in the time that late November dioscorea zingiberensis wright ground plant yellow is then withered, excavate, remove tendril, fibrous root, after earth, weigh immediately to survey and produce.
5. result of the test: in table 8
The research of table 8 base fertilizer different administration amount to dioscorea zingiberensis wright yield effect
As can be seen from Table 8, the output of processing with D6 is the highest, is secondly that D7 and D9 process, and the poorest is that D1 processes.
6. conclusion
In Chinese yam produces, base fertilizer should not be executed too much, executes 25kg compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N with mu18P6K16>=40% is good, and output is the highest, demonstrate,prove through test: adopt compound potassium sulfate fertilizer N13P17K15>=45% its effect is similar with it; Or use farmers' and mix fertilizer, be also feasible, can increase substantially economic flow rate, can save production cost again simultaneously.
Test five: dioscorea zingiberensis wright foliage top dressing research
1. test material: select the fresh root-like stock with 1～2 above mouth of bud, occur without rotting, diameter 1.2～2.0cm, the stem section of long 6cm left and right is made kind of a stem;
It is 17% that Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer is selected the concentration of Choline Chloride, the fat brother in ground that the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%, and Chongqing Shuan Feng Chemical Co., Ltd. produces, and specification is 50g × 100 bags, and properties of product are: its production-increasing function is to start the former base premature eruption of root; Improve the content of leaf chlorophyll, soluble protein and carotenoids; Improve the activity of super mutase, promote cell division and expansion, the growth period of extension function leaf, the photosynthetic efficiency of enhancing blade;
Harvesting high-quality high-yield agent, for Sichuan Guo Guang agricultural chemicals Co., Ltd produces, specification is 50g × 100 bags, properties of product: can promote the growth of plant, Differentiation and development; Promote Crop mineral matter element, improve protein and sugar and divide content, improve product quality etc.; Promote in addition the long root of crops, leave, bud differentiation, increase is tillered, and promotes precocity, flower and fruit protecting.
2. experimental condition: soil is grey sand loam, pH value 5.4, row irrigation more for convenience, first turns over ground plough, more manually soil is owed carefully, to choose except tree root weeds and ratchel, then soil is flattened.
3. test is processed
A: 1000 times of liquid of the fat brother in ground;
B: 1000 times of liquid of yellow ginger harvesting high-quality high-yield agent;
C: clear water (contrast).
In Chinese yam seedling, neat and plant strain growth is contained phase foliage-spray liquid and is done foliage top dressing, and every processing repeats for 3 times, the group arrangement of random district, totally 9 communities, community area 3.0 × 0.9m=2.7m2, each processing takes ridge to plant, kind of a 200.00kg for mu, and kind of a 0.80kg for community, row nest is apart from 20 × 20cm.
4. test method: on whole good soil, by designing requirement, ridging is played nest plantation in late March, dark 10cm, high 20cm left and right, ridge, after nest is accomplished fluently, after mu applies fertilizer to the subsoil, by the seed size plantation of arranging in pairs or groups uniformly, 1 of large every nest cultivation, little 2～3, after plantation, earth in ditch is overlying on to railway carriage or compartment face, thick 10cm left and right, each processing field management breeding time term harmonization, in the time that late November Chinese yam ground plant yellow is then withered, gather, remove after tendril, fibrous root, earth, weigh immediately to survey and produce.
5. result of the test: in table 9
Table 9 Chinese yam foliage application test output comparative result
As can be seen from Table 9, the output of processing with A is the highest, is secondly that B processes, and it is the poorest that C processes.
6. conclusion
Chinese yam foliage application can significantly improve output, and wherein the fat brother's specific leaf area in foliage-spray ground sprays the volume increase 9.43% of yellow ginger harvesting high-quality high-yield agent, and specific leaf area sprays the volume increase 24.07% of clear water; The specific leaf area of foliage-spray yellow ginger harvesting high-quality high-yield agent sprays the volume increase 14.64% of clear water. Illustrate thus Chinese yam produce in foliage application can improve by a relatively large margin output, can large scale application, taking the fat brother in foliage-spray ground as good.
Total saponin and the yield comparison of the flat railway carriage or compartment artificial growth gained Chinese yam of the dioscorea zingiberensis wright of planting in the embodiment of the present invention and wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright and common species method for planting, in table 10:
Table 10 dioscorea zingiberensis wright that the present invention plants and the contrast of wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright
Conclusion: wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright saponin content is a little more than artificial growth embodiment mono-of the present invention and embodiment bis-dioscorea zingiberensis wrights, but difference is not remarkable, flat railway carriage or compartment artificial growth dioscin content is minimum; And the per mu yield of artificial growth embodiment mono-of the present invention and embodiment bis-dioscorea zingiberensis wrights is far longer than wild dioscorea zingiberensis wright peace railway carriage or compartment artificial growth.
For embodiments of the invention, order those skilled in the art of seed selection, whole ground, weeding, fertilising, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, row irrigation step can make the appropriate adjustments as required, are not limited to embodiment mono-and the listed order of embodiment bis-.
For a person skilled in the art, not departing under the prerequisite of structure of the present invention, can also make some distortion and improvement, these also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention, and these can not affect effect of the invention process and practical applicability.
Claims (3)
1. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting, comprises seed selection, whole ground, sowing, built, weeding, fertilising, row irrigation, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, ridging and results step, it is characterized in that:
Before described sowing step, do kind of a stem pretreatment, kind stem preprocess method is: soak and plant stems with 1000 times of 50% carbendazol wettable powder dilutions, or kind of the stem that is soaked in water;
Described sowing adopts ridge to plant drilling method or ridge cultivation nest is broadcast method;
Described fertilising step comprises and applying fertilizer to the subsoil and spraying fertilizer, and base fertilizer is that fertilizer or compound potassium sulfate fertilizer mix in farmers', and topdressing is foliage fertilizer; Farmers' mixes fertile raw material and comprises: farmers''s farmyard manure, calcium superphosphate P2O5>=12%, potassium sulfate K2O >=50% and oil cake;
Described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 20-30kg or N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 40-60kg;
Fertile raw material proportioning is mixed by described farmers': the farmyard manure 1500-2000 of farmers' part, calcium superphosphate P2O5>=12%40-60 part, potassium sulfate K2O >=50%5-15 part, oil cake 10-25 part.
2. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described foliage fertilizer is Choline Chloride methyl α-naphthyl acetate fertilizer, and wherein, the concentration of Choline Chloride is 17%, and the concentration of methyl α-naphthyl acetate is 1%.
3. dioscorea zingiberensis wright artificial method for planting as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that: described compound potassium sulfate fertilizer is N18P6K16>=40% every mu of 25kg or N13P17K15>=45% every mu of 50kg.
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| CN103947449B (en) * | 2014-05-22 | 2016-08-24 | 华南农业大学 | The cultural method of Dioscorea camposita |
| CN105493876A (en) * | 2016-01-15 | 2016-04-20 | 广东省农业科学院作物研究所 | Method for high-yield peanut cultivation in dry land |
| CN107750878A (en) * | 2017-10-25 | 2018-03-06 | 黄海民 | A kind of implantation methods of Chinese yam |
| CN112400643A (en) * | 2020-12-07 | 2021-02-26 | 宁波市农业科学研究院 | Weight-reducing and medicine-reducing preserved szechuan pickle cultivation method |
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| CN1335053A (en) * | 2001-08-29 | 2002-02-13 | 中国科学院昆明植物研究所 | Method of bacteria-free germination and fast propagation of peltate yam |
| CN1413439A (en) * | 2002-07-26 | 2003-04-30 | 殷仕和 | High-ridge double-row cultivating method for yellow ginger |
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