CN103988672A - Method for building shiny-leaved yellow horn tea garden and cultivating shiny-leaved yellow horn - Google Patents
Method for building shiny-leaved yellow horn tea garden and cultivating shiny-leaved yellow horn Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103988672A CN103988672A CN201410209801.9A CN201410209801A CN103988672A CN 103988672 A CN103988672 A CN 103988672A CN 201410209801 A CN201410209801 A CN 201410209801A CN 103988672 A CN103988672 A CN 103988672A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- tea
- yellow horn
- time
- shiny
- horn
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 244000248162 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 title claims abstract 13
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000013138 pruning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 235000009240 Xanthoceras sorbifolium Nutrition 0.000 claims description 74
- 244000309464 bull Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000003973 irrigation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000002262 irrigation Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 241001122767 Theaceae Species 0.000 description 64
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 11
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 5
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000004083 survival effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000021393 food security Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241001124076 Aphididae Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001391944 Commicarpus scandens Species 0.000 description 2
- 206010020649 Hyperkeratosis Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 244000062940 Leptospermum flavescens Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000017765 Leptospermum flavescens Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000408907 Xanthoceras Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000035613 defoliation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229940079593 drug Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 2
- GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N spiromesifen Chemical compound CC1=CC(C)=CC(C)=C1C(C(O1)=O)=C(OC(=O)CC(C)(C)C)C11CCCC1 GOLXNESZZPUPJE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N (+)-catechin Chemical compound C1([C@H]2OC3=CC(O)=CC(O)=C3C[C@@H]2O)=CC=C(O)C(O)=C1 PFTAWBLQPZVEMU-DZGCQCFKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N (S,S)-paclobutrazol Chemical compound C([C@@H]([C@@H](O)C(C)(C)C)N1N=CN=C1)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1 RMOGWMIKYWRTKW-UONOGXRCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000189799 Asimina triloba Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000006264 Asimina triloba Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009467 Carica papaya Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 240000001371 Chamaedaphne calyculata Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000013691 Chamaedaphne calyculata var. angustifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013685 Chamaedaphne calyculata var. latifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013687 Chamaedaphne calyculata var. nana Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241001137251 Corvidae Species 0.000 description 1
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000005985 Paclobutrazol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241001093760 Sapindaceae Species 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000011756 Vitis shuttleworthii Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- NQGCLFSCLMJSAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Fe].[P].[K] Chemical compound [Fe].[P].[K] NQGCLFSCLMJSAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N [N].[P].[K] Chemical compound [N].[P].[K] WZLMXYBCAZZIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000003905 agrochemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003444 anaesthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003356 anti-rheumatic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003435 antirheumatic agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000036772 blood pressure Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechin Natural products OC1Cc2cc(O)cc(O)c2OC1c3ccc(O)c(O)c3 ADRVNXBAWSRFAJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000005487 catechin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229950001002 cianidanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000018044 dehydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006297 dehydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930003944 flavone Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002213 flavones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000011949 flavones Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035876 healing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000036039 immunity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036407 pain Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035479 physiological effects, processes and functions Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001397 quillaja saponaria molina bark Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000003068 rheumatic fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229930182490 saponin Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000007949 saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000017709 saponins Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000014101 wine Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for building a shiny-leaved yellow horn tea garden and cultivating a shiny-leaved yellow horn. High-density fence-type shiny-leaved yellow horn tea garden planting mode is adopted; technological means comprising plastic film mulching, reasonable close planting, germination accelerating and bunch planting, seedling management, multi-head and multi-branch forming, pruning reinforcement, plant dwarf control and browish-green picking in good time are adopted; production management measures and technological means such as harmless water and fertilizer application and disease and pest control are adopted. The acre yield of twigs and fresh leaves reaches more than 400 kilograms every year, and high-yield high-quality shiny-leaved yellow horn tea making materials are produced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to proportion of crop planting field, relate to especially the cultivation of yellow horn tea.
Background technology
Yellow horn, has another name called: precipice pawpaw, Wendeng City fruit etc., and Mongolian is called monk Deng Maodao, is Sapindaceae, and yellow horn belongs to, and one belongs to a kind of.For defoliation small arbor or shrub, originate in NORTHWEST CHINA area, at China's cultivation history of existing nearly one thousand years.Yellow horn is the distinctive medicinal plant of China, and its heartwood, stem and fruit and leaf etc. all can be used as medicine, and wood of shiny-leaved yellowhorn is Mongols's conventional crude drugs, and anaesthetic is called that hila is gloomy to be stepped on.Sweet, the micro-hardship of taste, cool in nature, can wines used as antirheumatic, swelling and pain relieving, hold back dry yellow water.Be used for the treatment of rheumatic arthritis, heat in rheumatism, the diseases such as skin wind-heat, once listed version " Chinese pharmacopoeia " in 1977 in.The leaf of yellow horn contain catechin, tannin, flavones, saponin of Lignum Xanthoceratis and 16 seed amino acids etc. effectively biotic component, for reducing blood lipid, blood pressure, fat-reducing and improve body immunity etc.There is long history as alternative tea raw material in China.
1, the botany characteristic of yellow horn;
Yellow horn Sapindaceae yellow horn belongs to, defoliation small arbor, and the height of tree can reach 8m, and more than diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground 3cm, bark taupe, distorted shape lobe.Branch is sturdy upright, and spray is bronzing, is smoothly two, three times more and separates without hair, general annual branch 1 time, 1 year branch 2 times in the place of rich water abundance.Bud is less, adnation, and the general top person of portion is mixed bud, the person of portion is leaf bud on the lower.Leaf alternate, imparipinnate leaf, long 14～90cm; 9～19 pieces, leaflet, oblong is to lanceolar, stockless, multipair life, long 2～6cm, wide 1～2cm, the sharp sawtooth of edge tool, surperficial dirty-green, back side look lighter.Yellow horn is grown soon on the deep rich soil of soil layer, and 2-3 life can be blossomed and beared fruit, and in 5aSheng garden, fruit bearing rate reaches the raw individual plant of 95%, 30～60a and can produce seed 15～30kg, well developed root system, and sprout tillers is strong, and damage by disease and insect is less.Yellow horn happiness sun, resistance to half the moon, very strong to soil suitability, barren-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerance, cold tolerance is strong,--41.4～C safe overwintering; Drought-resistant ability is extremely strong, only also has scattered trees in the area of 150mm in annual rainfall, but yellow horn intolerant to waterlogging, should not plant in the bad low laying areas of draining, heavy saline.
2, the present situation of yellow horn development plantation
Yellow horn has long artificial cultivation history in China, is the exclusive dietotherapeutic seeds of northern China.Its fruit can extract oil edible, and bar stem, timber, shell, leaf all can be used as medicine.For a long time people always using the spray leaf of yellow horn as alternative tea raw material and vegetables are edible and as viewing and admiring, medicinal, oil plant seeds cultivate.But go through sink-float because the reasons such as history make the plantation development of yellow horn, once repeatedly suffered artificial destruction, deposited very few the supreme end of the century.Due to the increasingly sharpening of world energy sources crisis, yellow horn be it is found that again as the value of oil plant seeds, and is paid attention to and develop in recent years.Therefore yellow horn is defined as the seeds of the unique applicable exploitation biomass energy of northern China by the State Administration of Forestry.
At present the cultivating and growing of yellow horn is all according to the planting patterns cultivation of ornamental plantation and oil plant high yield fruit-bearing forest, medicinal and alternative tea raw material and edible all with the mode of its by product gathered with the wild bush of the fragmentary survival in some areas on gather and utilize.To produce yellow horn alternative tea raw material as the tea place plantation and the culture technique that realize direction are propositions first of the present invention, do not have and the most akin implementation of the present invention yet.
Bibliography:
1, the Primary Study of yellow horn study on chemical compositions of leaves " Chinese Wild plant " 03 phase in 1989.Author: Zhu Dan, Wang Hongdou, Li Xiabing, Hu Qun;
2, the research of yellow horn study on chemical compositions of leaves " Chinese patent drug " 10 phases in 2010.Author: Ma Yangmin, king wear;
3, a kind of yellow horn breeding method " Patent data net/2014-01-27 " application number: CN201110288390.3.Inventor: Wei Bo
4, " a kind of yellow horn breeding method " application number: CN200910082196.2.Inventor: horse tectogene, Dong Fengliang, Sun Zhongxu;
5, application for a patent for invention 200910082195.8, etc.
The tea hedge cultivation mode that China is traditional and purposes and the present invention have seemed something in common, but yellow horn and tea tree but have very large difference at aspects such as botany characteristic, adaptability, proterties.It is having very large difference equally aspect culture technique, production management.
Existing yellow horn cultivating and growing is all that the direction of realization is to improve the yield of kernels according to the planting patterns cultivation of oil plant high yield fruit-bearing forest.Its 2 × 3 or 3 × 4 seeding row spacing and every 666m
2111 strains and every 666m
2the productive technology management measures such as the planting density of 55 strains, seedling raising and transplanting, water and fertilizer management and method (the every 666m of planting density that realizes direction and high density hedge formula plantation yellow horn tea place of the present invention
21004 strains), take plastic mulching, dense planting rationally, vernalization program request, seedling management, formation bull racemosus, strengthen pruning, control plant and downgrade, pluck the dark brownish green and innoxious production management such as liquid manure, extermination of disease and insect pest measure and technological means in good time and have basic difference.
In the situation that there is no yellow horn tea place (the present invention), people's tea making raw material can only sporadicly under the prerequisite that does not affect trees normal growth and fruit high yield thereof gather and utilize, and is first to determine that the dark brownish green collection time ensures dark brownish green quality at present.Next is there is no stable tea raw material sources.And unavoidable chemical fertilizer and the agricultural chemicals of dropping into, using its leaf as raw-food material utilization, exists great food security hidden danger in production management.Be that yellow horn wild resource is also fragmentary distribution, limited amount equally also cannot ensure dark brownish green quality and sufficient raw material sources under the situation without human intervention management.
The tea hedge cultivation mode that China is traditional and purposes and the present invention have seemed something in common, but yellow horn and tea tree but have very large difference at aspects such as botany characteristic, adaptability, proterties.It is having very large difference equally aspect culture technique, production management.
Existing yellow horn cultivating and growing is all that the direction of realization is to improve the yield of kernels according to the planting patterns cultivation of oil plant high yield fruit-bearing forest.Its 2 × 3 or 3 × 4 seeding row spacing and every 666m
2111 strains and every 666m
2the productive technology management measures such as the planting density of 55 strains, seedling raising and transplanting, water and fertilizer management.
Summary of the invention
The special role that yellow horn tea is brought into play health of people for a long time of the present invention's foundation, relate to plantation and the cultivation method thereof of inventing a kind of yellow horn tea place, pattern by high density hedge formula plantation yellow horn tea place, take plastic mulching, dense planting rationally, vernalization program request, seedling management, formation bull racemosus, strengthen pruning, control plant and downgrade, pluck in good time dark brownish green technological means and the innoxious production management such as liquid manure, extermination of disease and insect pest measure and technological means.The year per mu yield of the fresh leaf of yellow horn spray is reached more than 400 kilograms, and standardization, the specialized high yield yellow horn tea making raw material of fine quality of producing, for making up the shortcoming that there is no yellow horn tea place under prior art condition.For the guarantee of supplying raw materials of industrialization, the standardized production of yellow horn tea, object is to make that this China of yellow horn is exclusive, the obvious fine tree species of health-care effect, is the mankind's the healthy greater role of having given play to.
The present invention relates to the building method in a kind of yellow horn tea place, comprise addressing, determine implantation time, dense planting, plastic mulching, under-film drip irrigation, vernalization program request, seedling management, formation bull racemosus.
Especially, also comprise control plant downgrade, strengthen pruning, in good time pluck dark brownish green.
Be specially:
1) addressing: the territory, normal region of selecting north latitude 33～42 degree;
2) determine implantation time: late March is to early April;
3) dense planting: according to the spacing of establishing 1, the wide tea hedge of 60cm every 2 meters, the seeding row spacing of every tea hedge cultivation is 30cm × 50cm, and the nursery stock quantity of every mu of cultivation remains on 1004 strains;
4) plastic mulching and under-film drip irrigation: lay the wide mulch film of 60cm and an irrigate band every 2 meters.
5) vernalization program request: the seeding quantity that (1) is 1.5 kilograms every mu, according to seed and the water ratio of 1: 2, seed is poured in the warm water container of 80 DEG C and stirred.In the time that water temperature is down to 28 DEG C, stop stirring, be placed in the photoenvironment of 28 DEG C, stir 1-2 every day, changes 28 DEG C of warm water 1 time, starts program request after 7 days in the time that 30% seed has opening dew bud phenomenon; (2) requiring the humidity of soil sowing time is 60% left and right, program request degree of depth 6cm, selects to reveal the seed program request of bud;
6) seedling management: keep soil moisture content moderate, intertill in good time and control autumn growth growth, avoid pinching, ponding and the high temperature in July and water noon, enter earth's surface after the winter and water winter water one time before freezing;
7) form bull racemosus: Second Year spring, in the time that nighttime temperature is more than 0 DEG C, nursery stock is carried out to stump cutting back for the first time, under the above 10cm of stem place, nursery stock ground is neat, cut, when 5～10 sproutings of whole plant sprouting of spring, formed bull racemosus, the moulding of tea hedge, tea place is built up.
8) strengthen pruning, control plant dwarfing: mid-May, in the time that shoot grows to 20-30cm, bounce back pinching, each plant grows 20-30 secondary twig when being implemented to mid-June, meanwhile, will strengthen at ordinary times pruning, each year done the pruning of pinching in a spring, whole tea hedge height is controlled at below 1 meter, more than 50 centimeters;
9) pluck in good time dark brownish green: adopted when one batch of narrow leaf that waits last time afterwards and do not adopt launches the leaf of 4-6 plumage and adopted again regrowth hair when spring, plucked one batch autumn;
10) liquid manure, the extermination of disease and insect pest of enforcement Harmless.
Above 1～7 is mainly the process of setting up tea place, and 8～10 still do not build the process at garden initial stage, and be yellow horn tea place be long-period of management measure.
The explanation of critical process step of the present invention:
Critical process step of the present invention comprises: dense planting rationally, vernalization program request, seedling management, formation bull racemosus, strengthen pruning, control plant and downgrade and pluck dark brownish green in good time.Wherein:
1, dense planting is reasonable: this technique is one of key technology of the present invention, the main direction that realizes is to be originally the density that arbor or dungarunga require cultivation, under the condition of high-density planting, can suppress the characteristic of growing by nature according to plant, become dense planting by highdensity cultivation reasonable, meet the tea hedge of dark brownish green production.
2, vernalization program request: first by seed through then program request of vernalization: after (1) seed sprouting, can effectively prevent magpie and mouse gnaw seed and can prevent going mouldy, seed that ghost and maturity deficiency and dormancy are not broken is as seed program request, forms the hole phenomenon of being short of seedling.Realize program request success, reach and guarantee to survive, in the same size, the neat Jian garden target of emerging; (2) seed through vernalization then program request can crack tender crisp easy to break, section is perishable, callus ability and new root regeneration ability, naked transplanting survival rate the are low difficult problem of On Root Systems of Xanthoceras Sorbifoua and bareroot seedling wood not of uniform size and transplant after repeatedly fill the gaps with seedlings because survival rate is low, be difficult to once form tea hedge, be difficult for the difficult problem in the garden of building.This technique is that the present invention is summing up on the basis of many years of experience, and in conjunction with the direction that realizes of the present invention, the yellow horn process of cultivation of starting, is also core procedure of the present invention and method.
3, seedling management: this step is the key technology technique that the present invention starts for yellow horn tea place specially on the basis of summing up previous experiences, is the basis of setting up yellow horn tea place.Its principle is: (1) carries out comparatively extensive management and control autumn growth growth referring to pinching, the bud picking operation that minimizing is generally grown seedlings in link then, thereby object is to avoid nursery stock sprouting secondary, three branches to destroy bar stem eyes and resemble, and affects the formation of next step bull racemosus.(2) to water noon be the root that yellow horn generation root rot causes the withered main cause of nursery stock and yellow horn generation gray mold to the high temperature in tea place ponding and July.
4, form bull racemosus: yellow horn is deciduous species, set it as dark brownish green harvesting tree, must make it form the tea hedge of bull racemosus by stump cutting back technology, be only like this and set up yellow horn tea place, ensure the technological means of dark brownish green output necessity.Its principle is: it is because just start recovery under the temperature condition of yellow horn more than 0 DEG C that the temperature in (1) method carries out stump cutting back above at 0 DEG C, is conducive to like this clip healing.Temperature is too low easily make clip air-dry, endure cold and fester.Therefore pruning technological requirement of the present invention is always to forbid that the tea hedge winter cuts.(2) the method requires to cut under the above 10cm of stem place, nursery stock ground is neat, because cutting and can impel plant to grow thickly (general character that this point is northern deciduous species) and suppress plant excessive growth under the above 10cm of the stem place, ground that serves as reasons.Realize plant and downgrade the direction that forms tea hedge.(3) requiring clip smooth, is to prevent from destroying that bud resembles and clip dehydration is festered without tearing apart the object of meeting.(4) requirement can not be touched bud sparse branching, continues to employ racemosus as far as possible, like this plant with regard to self-assembling formation bull racemosus, be the moulding of tea hedge, build up the necessary means in tea place.
5, strengthening pruning, control plant dwarfing: this technology is one of key technology of the present invention, is basis and the major measure that ensures tea place Standardization Construction and sustainable development.Its principle is that (1) yellow horn is the same with other deciduous speciess of the north, can, along with the variation of solar term, sprout secondary and three branches every year.The present invention is according to this botany characteristic, in conjunction with the direction that realizes of the present invention, started especially method time and technical parameter and the technological requirement of shaping, pruning.(2), by repeatedly pruning, the nutrition of retraction bar stem is basic fundamental and the major measure of controlling dwarfing plants, is also the important means that the present invention realizes direction.
6, pluck in good time dark brownish green: yellow horn belongs to the typical deciduous species of northern China, its botany characteristic has very large difference with traditional tea tree, this technology has been set careful method step to it, is the requisite measure that ensures normally production of tea place, high yield and high quality and tea place sustainable development.Its principle is: the every annual meeting of (1) yellow horn is because of 2-3 the shoot of variation sprouting of solar term.According to this rule, indirectly plucking dark brownish green is to ensure the trees rule of living, normal requisite measure of producing.(2) catch rhaehis upwards to smooth out with the fingers that lower blade can prevent from tearing like this, the major branch that fractures, the normal growth of impact tree.(3) leaf of plant is that plant passes through photosynthesis, absorbs the main path of nutrition, retains the narrow leaf part of the bud heart and the spray normal growth that not only can protect trees when harvesting, and can also promote the rapid expansion of the narrow leaf in top, improves dark brownish green output.(4) yellow horn can stop germination and growth because of the variation of solar term in physiology vegetative period, occurs binding, and at this moment just can not pluck dark brownish greenly again, leaves 5-8 leatherleaf on top with maintenance trees normal growth.
Compared with prior art, the invention has the advantages that:
1, with current cropping pattern and technical conditions, yellow horn tea place that also cannot Criterion, although current yellow horn tea produce can utilize Part Wild resource or on the fruit tree of existing yellow horn, obtain the dark brownish green raw material of part, it cannot meet the industrialization Production requirement of yellow horn tea at all and ensure food safety and product quality.Realization of the present invention has increased a new yellow horn cropping pattern and new value approach, has filled up the blank that there is no yellow horn tea place, for solid foundation has been established in standardization, the industrialized development of yellow horn alternative tea.To produce yellow horn alternative tea raw material as the tea place plantation and the culture technique that realize direction are propositions first of the present invention, do not have at present and the most akin implementation of the present invention yet.
Although 2 nursery stocks that have at present yellow horn cuttage, the fast various seedling growing processs such as numerous to produce.But it is all bareroot seedling wood, compared with the present invention, cannot be used for the cultivation seedling in yellow horn tea place at all.Vernalization program request technology of the present invention overcome completely tender crisp easy to break, section is perishable, callus ability and new root regeneration ability, naked transplanting survival rate the are low difficult problem of On Root Systems of Xanthoceras Sorbifoua and bareroot seedling wood not of uniform size and transplant after repeatedly fill the gaps with seedlings because survival rate is low, be difficult to once form tea hedge, be difficult for the difficult problem in the garden of building.
3, can adopt aspect the dwarfing of plant plant the plant modifying agents such as P33 paclobutrazol do preregulated mode by medicament to suppress yellow horn plant and downgrade controlling at present, but dark brownish green as the yellow horn of production raw-food material in the situation that food security does not ensure, is extremely worthless.The present invention takes to strengthen pruning, forms bull racemosus, controls the method that plant is downgraded, and has fundamentally changed the Tree growth proterties of yellow horn with technological means, meets the condition of food security completely.
4, compared with some technique of prior art, special process of the present invention makes tea place build more standardization, and obtain the higher technique effect such as better of output, the technique of these the invention comprises, for example: 1, the germinating process in technique of the present invention is to process with 80 DEG C of hot water, and unconventional husky Tibetan method processing; That 2, propose in the present invention aspect the construction of tea place is under-film drip irrigation, a program request Cheng Yuan, but not grows seedlings by seedbed, transplants into garden technology the coming year; 3, the requirement of plant culture density differs widely, and every 666.6 square meters of the present invention are 1040 strains, increase substantially than prior art quantity; 4, the present invention is required of plant and downgrades and form racemosus bull, but not the plant that prior art requires tall and big straight and upright be direction, etc.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, addressing: the territory, normal region that China's north latitude 33-42 degree is yellow horn, drought-enduring according to yellow horn, to be afraid of waterlogging, root system happiness oxygen feature and the needs that tea place is built, location, garden should be selected in that draining is good, well-ventilated, have irrigation conditions, land readjustment, the plot Jian Yuan that the soil is porous, matrix content is high is advisable;
2, implantation time: be advisable with annual late March to early April;
3, dense planting is reasonable: according to overall landform, and according to the spacing of establishing 1, the wide tea hedge of 60cm every 2 meters, full garden the like.The seeding row spacing of every tea hedge cultivation is 30cm × 50cm, and the nursery stock quantity of every mu of cultivation remains on 1004 strains and is advisable;
4, plastic mulching and under-film drip irrigation: the mode that adopts machinery or manual work according to the spacing of laying the wide mulch films of 60cm and an irrigate band every 2 meters the like lay full garden.
5, vernalization program request: (1) according to the seeding quantity of 1.5 kilograms every mu, selects that maturity is good, full grains, goes mouldy without small holes caused by worms, and raw yellow horn seed is seed then.According to seed and the water ratio of 1: 2, seed is poured in the warm water container of 80 DEG C and constantly stirred.In the time that water temperature is down to 28 DEG C, stop stirring, be placed in that illumination is good, temperature is that in the greenhouse of 28 DEG C, stir 1-2 every day, changes 28 DEG C of warm water 1 time.Just can program request in the time that 30% seed has opening to reveal bud phenomenon after 7 days.(2) require that the humidity of soil is 60%, the program request degree of depth is 6cm sowing time, the seed of selecting to reveal bud now selects existing program request, select fixed point complete and will notice that protection kind of bud is not by breakage.Method is that the card punch that is 6cm according to seeding row spacing diameter first has openning hole, one of seed bud point every hole program request down, then gently backfill soil to Lve Gao be greater than mulch film and be advisable.After program request, check in time soil moisture content, in the time of soil lack of water, will water in time, keep soil moisture.After program request, about 10 days, just can emerge.After 20 days, to reseed in time as found that there is the phenomenon of being short of seedling;
6, seedling management: carrying out then comparatively extensive management, is mainly to keep soil moisture content moderate, intertills in good time and control autumn growth growth.Avoiding pinching, tea place ponding and the high temperature in July waters noon.Enter earth's surface after the winter and hand over winter water one time before freezing;
7, form bull racemosus: Second Year spring, when the earth recovery, nighttime temperature more than 0 DEG C time, carries out stump cutting back for the first time to nursery stock, and method is: under the above 10cm of stem place, nursery stock ground is neat, cut, require clip smooth, nothing tears apart to meet is advisable.In the time that spring, sprouting sprouted, whole plant can sprout 5-10 healthy and strong sprouting, and requirement can not be touched bud sparse branching, continues to employ racemosus as far as possible, like this plant with regard to self-assembling formation bull racemosus, also basic forming of tea hedge, tea place has just been built up.
8, strengthen pruning, control plant dwarfing: to mid-May, in the time that shoot grows to 20-30cm, bounce back pinching, requirement is cut under cutting greatly neatly with hedgerow, makes tea hedge top smooth consistent, can not occur the phenomenon that height differs.During to mid-June, each plant can grow 20-30 neat secondary twig, has formed comparatively desirable tea hedge, can pluck dark brownish green simultaneously.To strengthen at ordinary times pruning, build at the beginning of garden within one to two year, be mainly under stay the export-oriented bud of tea hedge outer while cutting more, guided hedge is to external expansion, remains on for a long time the harvesting passage that has 30cm in the middle of each tea hedge.Each year done the pruning of pinching in a spring, whole tea hedge height is controlled at below 1 meter, more than 50 centimeters.The pruning technique of the inventive method, requires always to forbid that the tea hedge winter cuts.
9, pluck in good time dark brownish green: pluck when dark brownish green and will, according to the rule of yellow horn growth, indirectly pluck, when harvesting, be sure not to pluck the bud heart, leave the narrow leaf part of spray, taking the following leaf launching of narrow leaf as acquisition target, catch rhaehis upwards to smooth out with the fingers lower blade with hand.Adopted when one batch of narrow leaf that waits last time afterwards and do not adopt launches the leaf of 4-6 plumage and adopt regrowth hair again when spring, as found, branch must stay the leaf of 3-4 plumage to stop plucking while binding, keep trees normal growth.To autumn while arriving yellow horn passed through dormancy in summer, will once at this moment can pluck again an autumn vegetative period in autumn dark brownish green, method is the same.Under general management condition, can pluck secondary annual spring, and can pluck once autumn;
10, the production management such as liquid manure, the extermination of disease and insect pest measure of Harmless: (1) water: filled with winter water and Chun Shui in good time, kept at ordinary times soil moisture content moderate, be sure not to make tealeaves surface pond and the July high temperature time at noon to water; (2) fertilizer: adopt the trace elements such as nitrogen phosphorus potassium complete, the organic fertilization fertilizer that phosphorus potassium iron content is higher.In conjunction with winter irrigation use sufficient fertile before the winter, hold dressing fertilizer before and after the picking period; (3) extermination of disease and insect pest: the Major Pests of yellow horn is aphid, root rot and gray mold.Take yellow aphid insect-sticking plate, every 60m
2hang the way control of; Root rot and grey mold old complaint are mainly to strengthen at ordinary times intertillage management, prevent that surface pond from can effectively prevent and treat.
Claims (4)
1. the building method in yellow horn tea place, comprises addressing, determines implantation time, dense planting, plastic mulching, under-film drip irrigation, vernalization program request, seedling management, formation bull racemosus.
2. according to the building method in the yellow horn tea place of claim 1, also comprise control plant downgrade, strengthen pruning, in good time pluck dark brownish green.
3. according to the building method in the yellow horn tea place of claim 1, wherein:
1) addressing: the territory, normal region of selecting north latitude 33～42 degree;
2) determine implantation time: late March is to early April;
3) dense planting: according to the spacing of establishing 1, the wide tea hedge of 60cm every 2 meters, the seeding row spacing of every tea hedge cultivation is 30cm × 50cm, and the nursery stock quantity of every mu of cultivation remains on 1004 strains;
4) plastic mulching and under-film drip irrigation: lay the wide mulch film of 60cm and an irrigate band every 2 meters.
5) vernalization program request: the seeding quantity that (1) is 1.5 kilograms every mu, according to seed and the water ratio of 1: 2, seed is poured in the warm water container of 80 DEG C and stirred.In the time that water temperature is down to 28 DEG C, stop stirring, be placed in the photoenvironment of 28 DEG C, stir 1-2 every day, changes 28 DEG C of warm water 1 time, starts program request after 7 days in the time that 30% seed has opening dew bud phenomenon; (2) requiring the humidity of soil sowing time is 60% left and right, program request degree of depth 6cm, selects to reveal the seed program request of bud;
6) seedling management: keep soil moisture content moderate, intertill in good time and control autumn growth growth, avoid pinching, ponding and the high temperature in July and water noon, enter earth's surface after the winter and water winter water one time before freezing;
7) form bull racemosus: Second Year spring, in the time that nighttime temperature is more than 0 DEG C, nursery stock is carried out to stump cutting back for the first time, under the above 10cm of stem place, nursery stock ground is neat, cut, when 5～10 sproutings of whole plant sprouting of spring, formed bull racemosus, the moulding of tea hedge, tea place is built up.
4. according to the building method in the yellow horn tea place of claim 2, wherein:
8) strengthen pruning, control plant dwarfing: mid-May, in the time that shoot grows to 20-30cm, bounce back pinching, each plant grows 20-30 secondary twig when being implemented to mid-June, meanwhile, will strengthen at ordinary times pruning, each year done the pruning of pinching in a spring, whole tea hedge height is controlled at below 1 meter, more than 50 centimeters;
9) pluck in good time dark brownish green: adopted when one batch of narrow leaf that waits last time afterwards and do not adopt launches the leaf of 4-6 plumage and adopted again regrowth hair when spring, plucked one batch autumn;
10) liquid manure, the extermination of disease and insect pest of enforcement Harmless.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410209801.9A CN103988672B (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn tea place is built and shiny-leaved yellowhorn cultural method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410209801.9A CN103988672B (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn tea place is built and shiny-leaved yellowhorn cultural method |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103988672A true CN103988672A (en) | 2014-08-20 |
| CN103988672B CN103988672B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Family
ID=51303219
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410209801.9A Active CN103988672B (en) | 2014-05-12 | 2014-05-12 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn tea place is built and shiny-leaved yellowhorn cultural method |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN103988672B (en) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186280A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 丹阳市吟春碧芽茶叶专业合作社 | Tea garden irrigation method |
| CN106508588A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-03-22 | 北京林业大学 | Pruning method capable of facilitating high yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge |
| CN107494169A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2017-12-22 | 亿利首建生态科技有限公司 | A kind of hedgerow planting and establishing method |
| CN107980388A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-04 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of fixator for being exclusively used in the transformation of shiny-leaved yellowhorn breeding |
| CN108684417A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-23 | 山西文冠果科技有限公司 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn spring tree method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108834521A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-20 | 于明根 | A kind of Pu'er tree plant cultivation method promoting puerh tea leaves yield and tea leaf quality |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101502226A (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-08-12 | 山西华顿实业有限公司 | Autumn seeding nursery method of Xanthoceras sorbifolia |
| CN101536656A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2009-09-23 | 北京金桐福绿色能源科技有限公司 | Method of culturing of seedling and standardized planting protection of seeds of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN101627713A (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-20 | 陕西西部绿色能源有限公司 | Technology for culturing seedling of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN101647378A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-02-17 | 淄博淄川春萌文冠果专业合作社 | Method for quick seedling raising of seeds of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN102907235A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-02-06 | 西北师范大学 | Method for growing shiny-leaved yellowhorn in quick-sand and desertification regions |
-
2014
- 2014-05-12 CN CN201410209801.9A patent/CN103988672B/en active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101627713A (en) * | 2008-07-14 | 2010-01-20 | 陕西西部绿色能源有限公司 | Technology for culturing seedling of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN101502226A (en) * | 2008-12-24 | 2009-08-12 | 山西华顿实业有限公司 | Autumn seeding nursery method of Xanthoceras sorbifolia |
| CN101536656A (en) * | 2009-04-20 | 2009-09-23 | 北京金桐福绿色能源科技有限公司 | Method of culturing of seedling and standardized planting protection of seeds of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN101647378A (en) * | 2009-09-11 | 2010-02-17 | 淄博淄川春萌文冠果专业合作社 | Method for quick seedling raising of seeds of shinyleaf yellowhorn |
| CN102907235A (en) * | 2012-11-07 | 2013-02-06 | 西北师范大学 | Method for growing shiny-leaved yellowhorn in quick-sand and desertification regions |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 刘炳峰等: "石河子地区文冠果快速育苗及栽植要点", 《新疆林业》 * |
| 孙孝义等: "文冠果造林技术", 《吉林林业科技》 * |
| 季雪峰等: "生物质能源树种文冠果造林技术", 《内蒙古林业调查设计》 * |
| 王秉放: "文冠果生物质能源林培育技术", 《科技信息》 * |
Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104186280A (en) * | 2014-09-10 | 2014-12-10 | 丹阳市吟春碧芽茶叶专业合作社 | Tea garden irrigation method |
| CN106508588A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-03-22 | 北京林业大学 | Pruning method capable of facilitating high yield of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Bunge |
| CN107494169A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2017-12-22 | 亿利首建生态科技有限公司 | A kind of hedgerow planting and establishing method |
| CN107980388A (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2018-05-04 | 大连民族大学 | A kind of fixator for being exclusively used in the transformation of shiny-leaved yellowhorn breeding |
| CN108684417A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-23 | 山西文冠果科技有限公司 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn spring tree method for culturing seedlings |
| CN108834521A (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2018-11-20 | 于明根 | A kind of Pu'er tree plant cultivation method promoting puerh tea leaves yield and tea leaf quality |
| CN108834521B (en) * | 2018-05-25 | 2020-08-25 | 于明根 | Pu 'er tea tree cultivation method for improving Pu' er tea yield and tea quality |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103988672B (en) | 2016-08-31 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN103988672B (en) | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn tea place is built and shiny-leaved yellowhorn cultural method | |
| CN105409677A (en) | Planting method of blueberries | |
| CN105165357A (en) | Planting method for high-altitude saline-alkali soil black medlar tree | |
| CN104012270A (en) | Planting method of pollution-free balsam pear | |
| CN103125244A (en) | Cutting propagation method of golden camellia plants | |
| CN103688697A (en) | Cultivation method for puerarin | |
| CN104255373A (en) | Navel orange planting method | |
| CN105594538B (en) | A kind of pear bud seedling building well early high-yield method | |
| CN102265767A (en) | Prunus humilis cultivation technology | |
| CN105248221A (en) | Planting method of artocarpus heterophyllus | |
| CN106900461B (en) | Bionic compound operation method of vine tea, woody oil crops and mountain rice | |
| CN1922987A (en) | Multiple-ear rock lithocarpus glaber dwarfing rapid reproduction method | |
| CN101707964A (en) | Tunnel half-shading green branch cottage and propagation method of large reed-leaf cherries and Teng county red cherries | |
| CN103329770A (en) | New regulation of blueberry planting technology in subtropical regions | |
| CN104855100A (en) | Osmanthus tree planting method | |
| CN105794584A (en) | Potted fruit tree, soft-seed pomegranate and chrysanthemum three-crop interplanting method in greenhouse planting | |
| CN106922459A (en) | A kind of cultural method of agate red cherry | |
| CN107873208A (en) | A kind of efficient implantation methods of navel orange | |
| CN107637433A (en) | A kind of cultivation technological method of seedless wampee | |
| CN104885842A (en) | Method for cutting and breeding Taxus baccata | |
| CN109757274A (en) | Luohanguo With Plantlets of Tissue Culture high-yield and high-efficiency method for transplanting | |
| CN105875166A (en) | Amomum tsao-ko biomimetic seedling culturing method | |
| CN104904537B (en) | Plum tree woodland seedling culturing method | |
| CN112021168A (en) | Method for planting dendrobium officinale by using straw ropes to simulate wild trees | |
| CN107371695A (en) | A kind of cultural method of sponge gourd |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C41 | Transfer of patent application or patent right or utility model | ||
| CB03 | Change of inventor or designer information |
Inventor after: Duan Rui Inventor after: Shi Haiquan Inventor before: Shi Haiquan |
|
| COR | Change of bibliographic data | ||
| TA01 | Transfer of patent application right |
Effective date of registration: 20160301 Address after: 730900 Baiyin, Baiyin District, Gansu Lan Bao Road, No. 333 (08) 1-01 (incubator base) Applicant after: Gansu Long Raven's Crown Fruit Industry Development Co. Ltd. Address before: The 750300 the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Alashan banner of Ba Zhen Bayan, agriculture and animal husbandry science and technology demonstration park Applicant before: Shi Haiquan |
|
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20180521 Address after: 722300 group 065, West Street Village, Huai Town, Meixian, Baoji, Shaanxi Patentee after: Shi Haiquan Address before: 730900 1-01, 333 (08) 3, LAN Po Road, Baiyin District, Baiyin, Gansu province (incubator base) Patentee before: Gansu Long Raven's Crown Fruit Industry Development Co. Ltd. |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20211012 Address after: 730900 Zheng Lu Zhen San Dun Cun, Jingtai County, Baiyin City, Gansu Province Patentee after: Gansu haiguanguo Ecological Industry Co.,Ltd. Address before: 722300 group 065, West Street Village, Huai Town, Meixian, Baoji, Shaanxi Patentee before: Shi Haiquan |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |