CN101502226A - Autumn seeding nursery method of Xanthoceras sorbifolia - Google Patents
Autumn seeding nursery method of Xanthoceras sorbifolia Download PDFInfo
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- CN101502226A CN101502226A CNA2008100802581A CN200810080258A CN101502226A CN 101502226 A CN101502226 A CN 101502226A CN A2008100802581 A CNA2008100802581 A CN A2008100802581A CN 200810080258 A CN200810080258 A CN 200810080258A CN 101502226 A CN101502226 A CN 101502226A
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Abstract
The present invention provides a seedling cultivation method of autumn sowing fruitage of shiny-leaved yellowhorn. The mature fruit is collected at an appropriate period and the seed is graded. An appropriate plot is selected as a plant nursery and is processed. The seed is sowed in autumn and the corresponding management is excellently executed in each period. The seedling cultivation method of autumn sowing fruitage of shiny-leaved yellowhorn according to the invention more accords with the natural course of seed growth and facilitates the healthy growth of seedling. The seedling generating time of autumn sowing of shiny-leaved yellowhorn is early for about 10 days than the seedling generating time of spring sowing. The plant height of autumn sowing of shiny-leaved yellowhorn is higher for 10cm than the height of seedling of spring sowing averagely. The diameter of principal root of autumn sowing of shiny-leaved yellowhorn is longer for 1.5mm than the diameter of principal root of spring sowing averagely. The survival rate of annual seedling is increased for 32% compared with the seedling which is germinated in natural condition. The plant height is higher for 6.3cm averagely, and the diameter of principal root is longer for 1.8mm averagely.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the fruit tree seedling growing process field of growing directly from seeds, relate to a kind of seedling-cultivating method of yellow horn, the autumn sowing that the is specifically related to yellow horn seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds.
Background technology
Yellow horn is the distinctive good woody oil tree species of northern China, mainly is distributed in ground such as Shanxi, Henan, Hebei, the Inner Mongol, Gansu and Ningxia, and the title of " northern oil tea " is arranged.The seed oil content 35～40% of yellow horn is planted benevolence oil content 72～75%, and oil content almost is 2 times of vegetable seed.Unsaturated fatty acid content in the shinyleaf yellowhorn oil reaches 94%, and wherein oleic acid accounts for about 57%, and linoleic acid accounts for about 37%, has splendid health care.In addition, the yellow horn seed also can be used for extracting the high-quality biodiesel, and conversion ratio can reach 95%, has been listed in one of important oil sources seeds of development biomass energy.The large-scale development of yellow horn is significant to the energy supply and demand contradiction of alleviating global growing tension.
Yellow horn is a kind of cold-resistant, drought resisting, barren-resistant, seeds that survival rate is high, all can plant in the area more than rainfall 300mm.The propagation technique of yellow horn mainly comprises vegetative propagation and seedling sexual reproduction methods such as cottage propagation, propagation by grafiting, division propagation and tissue culture.Yellow horn adopts the cottage propagation technology to carry out seedling expansion more at present, but this method needs a large amount of basic seedlings, and causes the virus accumulation easily, thereby influences the hereditary capacity of good seed.Simultaneously, the problem that yellow horn propagation by grafiting of Cun Zaiing and division propagation survival rate are low, the problem that the branch cutting rooting rate is low, the critical problems such as problem that the tissue culture difficulty is taken root still do not solve fully aborning, aborning large-scale application.Therefore, in long period of time, the seedling breeding will be the main mode of yellow horn breeding.
Though the seedling raising technology is extensive use of,, lack the effective propagation technique that meets its biological property because yellow horn still is in initial development phase at present on many seeds.Therefore, grope, sum up the seedling autumn sowing raising technology that is applicable to yellow horn, will have certain reference value for the seedling-wood breeding of standard yellow horn by field trial.
Summary of the invention
The purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of yellow horn autumn sowing that meets yellow horn biological property seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds.
Technical scheme of the present invention is achieved in that the mellow fruit of gathering in suitable period, and seed is carried out classification, selects suitable plot to handle as the nursery and to it, sowing in the fall, and carry out corresponding management in each period.
The yellow horn autumn sowing of the present invention seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds specifically comprises the steps:
1) the gathering and handling of fruit: selecting the elite seed seed propagation, is the precondition of cultivating high-quality yellow horn seedling.Should in the annual last ten-days period in July to mid-August, on the fine individual plant of tree vigo(u)r stalwartness, pluck full ripe fruit, the feature of ripening fruits is the green and brown look of pericarp, the surface is more coarse, the seed pitchy, complete stool has 1/3 fruit pericarp cracking at least.After plucking fruit, remove pericarp, with seed dry be about 25～30% to water content after, in the bag of packing into, be placed on dry place, cool place storage.
2) seed grading: the seed that varies in size can be to percentage of seedgermination and seedling growth gesture and the very big influence of seedling quality generation, and it is neat through the seed sprouting of classification, seedling growth is even, can significantly improve to produce seedling amount and seedling quality, therefore must carry out classification to seed before the sowing.General seed diameter is a first order seed greater than 10mm's, and diameter 8～10mm is a secondary seed, and diameter 6～8mm is three grades of seeds, and diameter is an off grade grain less than 6mm.Facts have proved, also will be even produce the quality of three grades of the poorest nursery stocks that seed produces of seedling quality apparently higher than the quality of nursery stock that accessory seed produces.Concrete stage division be respectively with the screen cloth of 10mm, 8mm, 6mm to the seed sorting of sieving.
3) select nursery lot: select that physical features is smooth, hidding and sunny side, soil layer are deep, fertile soil, have abundant water resources, have a good transport service, sand loam or the light clay loam plot of pH value between 7～8 is nursery lot.
4) soil treatment with do the seedbed: before the sowing nursery lot soil is ploughed deeply 30cm, applies the farmyard manure 2500～3000kg/ mu that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, sow preceding about 7 days and water vola water, treat to do the seedbed after the soil loosening.Drought resisting water drainage bed is made in the seedbed, bedside 2m, high 15cm, length basis situation is on the spot decided, and digs the drain ditch that is lower than ground 5cm around the seedbed.
5) sowing: before autumn Mo, soil was freeze-up, seed grading is sowed, seeding quantity 15～20kg/ mu, sowing depth 5cm, hilum is set level, and after planting earthing 3～4cm suppresses a little, and it is heavy real to pour water.
6) seedling management: loose nursery surface soil when thawed spring in 1 year, in time water, keep ground moistening; Treat to loosen the soil after nursery stock all sprouts and hoe up weeds, in time water, decide according to soil fertility simultaneously, apply 7～9kg/ mu urea; Carry out cultivation uproot every 20 about it or after raining later on, until nursery stock envelope ridge, manually bind in vegetative period, base portion ridging and draining in time in good time, to prevent the seedling lodging; Water is once frozen in flood irrigation before soil freezes;
7) outplanting: the transplanting of can being unearthed of annual nursery stock, keep the main root length and the lateral root root width of cloth all more than 20cm when being unearthed, in time heel in after unearthed.
Though the seedling raising technology is extensive use of,, still lack the effective propagation technique that meets its biological property because yellow horn still is in initial development phase at present on many seeds.The present invention gropes by field trial, sum up a cover and meet the autumn sowing yellow horn biological property, that the be applicable to yellow horn fast breeding technology of growing seedlings of growing directly from seeds, have small investment, manageability, reproduction rate height, advantage that survival rate is high, have promotional value for the seedling-wood breeding of popularizing yellow horn.
The yellow horn autumn sowing of the present invention seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is under field conditions (factors), and the yellow horn seed is just entered in the soil after the maturation in the fall, roots in 1 year, therefore more meets the natural law of seed growth, and the stalwartness that helps nursery stock is grown up.Through test relatively, the autumn sowing yellow horn grows directly from seeds and grew seedlings than spring sowing seedling-growing time Zao about 10 days, has prolonged the vegetative period of nursery stock relatively, make that the autumn sowing seedling grows more increasing and sturdy.Simultaneously, the regularity height of emerging of annual autumn sowing seedling, plant height are than spring sowing seedling mean height 10cm, and the main root diameter is than the on average long 1.5mm of spring sowing seedling.
Test more also finds, improved 32% with the grow directly from seeds annual seedling of seedling-cultivating method production of yellow horn autumn sowing of the present invention than the seedling survival rate of sprouting under the natural conditions, and plant height on average exceeds 6.3cm, and the main root diameter on average grows 1.8mm.
Embodiment
In the Jinzhong Prefecture, Shanxi, between the first tenday period of a month in the last ten-days period in July to August from the tree vigo(u)r stalwartness, get bumper crops year after year, plant the strong yellow horn fine individual plant of full, the disease-resistant worm power of the benevolence ripening fruits of gathering, remove pericarp, in the bag of packing into after drying, be placed on dry place, cool place storage.
Screen cloth with 10mm, 8mm, 6mm carried out sieve classification to seed respectively, and seed diameter is a first order seed greater than 10mm's, and diameter 8～10mm is a secondary seed, and diameter 6～8mm is three grades of seeds, eliminated the seed of diameter less than 6mm.
Select that physical features is smooth, hidding and sunny side, soil layer are deep, fertile soil, have abundant water resources, have a good transport service, sand loam or the light clay loam plot of pH value between 7～8 is nursery lot.Before sowing, nursery lot is ploughed deeply 30cm, apply the farmyard manure 2500～3000kg/ mu that fully becomes thoroughly decomposed, farmyard manure and soil are fully mixed thoroughly, remove foreign material such as stone simultaneously.Sow preceding 7 days and water vola water, treat soil loosening after, begin to do drought resisting water drainage seedbed, bedside 2m, high 15cm, length decide by situation on the spot, drainage trenching around the seedbed, requirement is lower than ground 5cm.
With the seed grading sowing, seeding quantity is 15～20kg/ mu before autumn Mo, soil was freeze-up, adopts trench digging bar broadcast mode, every furrow trench digging 7～8 row, ditch depth 5cm, hilum is set level, seeding row spacing 10 * 25cm, sowing depth 5cm, hilum is set level, and after planting earthing 3～4cm suppresses a little, and it is heavy real to pour water.
When next vernalization is frozen, harrow loose nursery surface soil, harden, in time water, keep ground moistening according to soil moisture content to prevent it with creeper.Treat in time to loosen the soil after nursery stock all sprouts and hoe up weeds, in time water subsequently, decide, apply 7～9kg/ mu urea simultaneously according to soil fertility.Carry out cultivation uproot every 20 about it or after raining later on, until nursery stock envelope ridge.The yellow horn current-year branch is very weak, for preventing lodging, carry out the supporting colligation to nursery stock.Manually bind mid-August, draining in time during excessive rainfall, and the seedling growth later stage, water no longer topdressed in the ridging of nursery stock base portion.Water is once frozen in flood irrigation before soil freezes, and makes the nursery stock safe overwintering.
The transplanting of can being unearthed of yellow horn seedling growth year and a day keeps the main root length and the lateral root root width of cloth all more than 20cm, and prevents to damage root when being unearthed, the back of being unearthed is in time heeled in nursery stock, wants meticulous packing during transportation.
Claims (6)
1, a kind of yellow horn autumn sowing seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is characterized in that comprising the steps:
1) the gathering and handling of fruit: in the last ten-days period in July to mid-August, pluck ripening fruits from the yellow horn fine individual plant, remove pericarp, dry the back pack, in dry shady and cool place storage;
2) seed grading: respectively with the screen cloth of 10mm, 8mm, 6mm to the seed sorting of sieving;
3) select nursery lot: selecting sand loam or the light clay loam plot of pH value between 7～8 is nursery lot;
4) soil treatment with do the seedbed: nursery lot is ploughed deeply 30cm, in preceding dressing and water vola water, treat soil loosening after, drought resisting water drainage bed, drainage trenching around the seedbed are made in the seedbed;
5) sowing: before autumn Mo, soil was freeze-up, seed grading is sowed, seeding quantity 15～20kg/ mu, sowing depth 5cm, hilum is set level, and after planting earthing 3～4cm suppresses a little, and it is heavy real to pour water;
6) seedling management: loose nursery surface soil when thawed spring in 1 year, in time water, keep ground moistening; Treat to loosen the soil after nursery stock all sprouts and hoe up weeds, in time water, carry out cultivation uproot every 20 about it or after raining later on, until nursery stock envelope ridge, water is once frozen in flood irrigation before soil freezes;
7) outplanting: the seedling growth year and a day transplanting of can being unearthed.In time heel in after unearthed.
2, the yellow horn autumn sowing according to claim 1 seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is characterized in that the yellow horn fruit is dried to water content 25～30% back packs.
3, the yellow horn autumn sowing according to claim 1 seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is characterized in that the seedbed is made the drought resisting water drainage bed of wide 2m, high 15cm.
4, the yellow horn autumn sowing according to claim 1 seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is characterized in that the drain ditch around the seedbed is lower than ground 5cm.
5, the yellow horn autumn sowing according to claim 1 seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is characterized in that manually binding in the yellow horn seedling growth phase, base portion ridging and draining in time.
6, the yellow horn autumn sowing according to claim 1 seedling-cultivating method that grows directly from seeds is characterized in that keeping when the yellow horn nursery stock is unearthed the main root length and the lateral root root width of cloth all more than 20cm.
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102160481A (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2011-08-24 | 山东农业大学 | Method for freezing, thawing, loosening and ventilating deep soil in orchard |
| CN103988672A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-20 | 师海全 | Method for building shiny-leaved yellow horn tea garden and cultivating shiny-leaved yellow horn |
| CN104322267A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-04 | 银悦生物技术（深圳）有限公司 | Interplanting method of shiny-leaved yellowhorn and sedum sarmentosum |
| CN104956994A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-10-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | Cultivating method for large-root-amount seedlings of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees |
| CN106508407A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-22 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Mulch sowing and seedling raising method for Xanthoceras sorbifolia |
| CN108668744A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-19 | 山西文冠果科技有限公司 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn autumn tree method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109673202A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-26 | 河西学院 | A kind of rare woody oleiferous plants crop shiny-leaved yellowhorn seed receptacle method for culturing seedlings |
-
2008
- 2008-12-24 CN CN2008100802581A patent/CN101502226B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102160481A (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2011-08-24 | 山东农业大学 | Method for freezing, thawing, loosening and ventilating deep soil in orchard |
| CN102160481B (en) * | 2011-03-22 | 2013-01-30 | 山东农业大学 | Method for freezing, thawing, loosening and ventilating deep soil in orchard |
| CN103988672A (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2014-08-20 | 师海全 | Method for building shiny-leaved yellow horn tea garden and cultivating shiny-leaved yellow horn |
| CN103988672B (en) * | 2014-05-12 | 2016-08-31 | 甘肃长瑞文冠果产业发展有限公司 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn tea place is built and shiny-leaved yellowhorn cultural method |
| CN104322267A (en) * | 2014-11-25 | 2015-02-04 | 银悦生物技术（深圳）有限公司 | Interplanting method of shiny-leaved yellowhorn and sedum sarmentosum |
| CN104956994A (en) * | 2015-08-03 | 2015-10-07 | 新疆林业科学院 | Cultivating method for large-root-amount seedlings of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees |
| CN106508407A (en) * | 2016-11-25 | 2017-03-22 | 赤峰市林业科学研究院 | Mulch sowing and seedling raising method for Xanthoceras sorbifolia |
| CN108668744A (en) * | 2018-05-15 | 2018-10-19 | 山西文冠果科技有限公司 | A kind of shiny-leaved yellowhorn autumn tree method for culturing seedlings |
| CN109673202A (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-04-26 | 河西学院 | A kind of rare woody oleiferous plants crop shiny-leaved yellowhorn seed receptacle method for culturing seedlings |
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| CN101502226B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
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