CN104956994A - Cultivating method for large-root-amount seedlings of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of tree seedling cultivating, and particularly relates to a cultivating method for large-root-amount seedlings of shiny-leaved yellowhorn trees. The cultivating method includes the following steps: 1, nursery field selecting, 2, soil preparation, 3, seed soaking, 4, seeding, and 5, seedling management. By means of the cultivating method, the transplanting survival rate of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn bared-rooted seedlings can be remarkably improved, the development of the shiny-leaved yellowhorn industry can be better promoted accordingly, and the cultivating method is worthy of application and popularization.

Description

The breeding method of a kind of yellow horn seeds many amount nursery stock

Technical field

The invention belongs to the nursery technology field of seeds, be specifically related to the breeding method of a kind of yellow horn seeds many amount nursery stock.

Background technology

Yellow horn, as a kind of woody oleiferous plants energy seeds, due to biological propertyes such as its good drought-enduring, cold-resistant, Salt And Alkali Tolerances, is highly suitable for the northwest drought Desert Area growths such as Xinjiang, Shaanxi, Shanxi, Gansu, the Inner Mongol.Yellow horn fruit oil content is high, and general benevolence oil content of planting can reach about 55-66%, and therefore yellow horn not only as Tree Species as Bio-energy, also can be high-grade edible oil and chemical industry oil plant original tree species, enjoy market to favor.

But the problem that ubiquity bareroot seedling wood transplanting survival rate is low in national yellow horn large-scale planting process, seriously hinders yellow horn breeding seedling and promotes and large-scale production.Yellow horn is the system of taproot seeds of meat, if adopt the seedling-cultivating method of conventional nursery stock, the usual main root of yellow horn nursery stock of cultivation is flourishing, and side fibrous root amount is few, and transplanting survival rate of nursery stocks is low.Generally desirable seedling root, for side fibrous root quantity is abundant and flourishing, main root is grown strong, is mainly distributed in the soil under topsoil in 5-35cm, and the root system possessing these features is meaningful concerning ability raising transplanted seedling survival rate.Feng great Qian etc. mention in " improving some cognition of yellow horn planting survival rate " (" Xinjiang agricultural college journal " the 3rd phase in 1980) literary composition, what obtained by pregermination procedure tells white race, adopt and cut the tip of a root telling white race, then the method for seeding and seedling raising, more do not take technical measures and direct seeding and seedling raising, the former nursery stock root amount comparatively the latter can improve 45%, and transplanting survival rate improves 40%.But cut and tell the sub-tip of a root of white race row seeding and seedling raising again, this method practical operation is got up, and workload is larger, and required precision is high, and in implementation process, radicle is easily touched down, and affects germination rate, and in production, extensive nursery is inapplicable.

The object of the invention is to: for the soil condition in Xinjiang, find and be a kind ofly not only applicable to extensive nursery but also the many and breeding method of many of prosperity amount nursery stocks of cultivation yellow horn side fibrous root easy and simple to handle.

Technical scheme of the present invention: the breeding method of a kind of yellow horn seeds many amount nursery stock, this breeding method comprises the steps: 1, nursery lot is selected: nursery lot should be selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, quality is loose, pH is neutral or alkalescence, have irrigation conditions, well-drained fertile plot; Wherein, nursery soil and soil layer construction require: topsoil is chosen as and is rich in organic loam, plow layer thickness 35-40cm, and the soil of plow layer subsurface is loess formation;

2, wholely: execute the farmyard manure 5000kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed in the early October of the previous year, and soil is ploughed deeply, erect ridge in field, field is divided into long and narrow plot, namely forms embanked field, the wide 3.5m of furrow in embanked field, long 10m;

3, soak seed: select to gather in the crops then and the seed of full seed, be soaked in water before broadcasting 3 days, change water every day once;

4, sow: the sowing time: adopt at the beginning of autumn sowing late October to 11 month, by line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 5-10cm, after planting earthing 3-4cm, pours water once, irrigation quantity 100-120m ³/ mu, seeding quantity is 15kg/ mu;

5, seedling management: (1) Second Year seedling management: combining first time at the beginning of late June to 7 month pours water and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fertilizing amount is 3kg/ mu, irrigation quantity 80-100m ³/ mu; Late July to early August combines to pour water for the second time and applies urea, and fertilizing amount is 5kg/ mu, irrigation quantity 80-100m ³/ mu; Wherein, then in conjunction with irrigation fertilization twice, irrigation method adopts border irrigation;

Seedling management in (2) the 3rd years: combination was poured water and applied urea mid-July, and fertilizing amount is 5kg/ mu, water yield 80-100m ³/ mu, in conjunction with irrigation fertilization once, irrigation method adopts border irrigation; (3) irrigated rear timely weeding to loosen the soil at every turn.

Beneficial effect of the present invention: the many amount yellow horn nursery stocks adopting this technical method to cultivate, comparatively conventional seedbed system, root amount improves more than 50%.This technical method is that scale is quantitatively cultivated many amount yellow horn nursery stocks and provided an approach; Thering is provided prerequisite for improving yellow horn bareroot seedling transplanting survival rate, promoting yellow horn industry development.

Root system for the culturing seedling of shinyleaf yellowhorn base soil types of Xinjiang different soil and structure, water capacity change and output nursery stock has carried out investigation and comparative trial, finds that the growth on yellow horn seedling side root of different soil typess, structure and water capacity graded has obvious impact.Generally in order to prevent and treat rotten of yellow horn seedling stage, the large more options of nursery are in the area of inclined sand soil, in order to promote growing of nursery stock, what nursery personnel can continue nursery stock pours water, to ensure that specific retesion of soil remains on more than 60%, but the most main root of the nursery stock cultivated like this is flourishing, and side fibrous root amount is few.And nursery on the soil that viscosity ratio is heavier, because the poor permeability of water, easily cause root rot and cause the death of nursery stock.The existing good moisture capacity of loam has permeability again, is to cultivate the desirable applicable soil types of yellow horn seedling.Test the impact of yellow horn seedling root by carrying out specific retesion of soil graded in loam region, technical staff finds, yellow horn nursery stock is in the growth and development process of a year, and the graded improving specific retesion of soil contributes to the growth of nursery stock side root.Technical staff also finds in investigation, and nursery 35-40cm plow layer lower soil is that comparatively lower soil permeability is regional preferably for the area of the more weak loess formation of permeability, and the seedling root side root relative populations that the former cultivates is many and more flourishing.Analyze reason, root generally has hydrotropic growth characteristics, and the more weak loess formation of permeability limits the growth of main root, promotes side fibrous root growth, the territory, main normal region that the good plow layer of moisture capacity has just become root system development to grow.The main technical points of the method: 1, nursery soil and soil layer construction require: select the area having irrigation conditions, topsoil is chosen as and is rich in organic loam; Plow layer thickness has 35-40cm at least, and the soil of plow layer subsurface is original loess formation, and permeability is more weak; 2, Controlled irrigation times and water volume, improves the graded of nursery water capacity: planted in fall is poured water once then, and (water rate control is at 100-120m ³/ mu), pouring water once Second Year late June, (water rate control is at 80-100m ³/ mu), pouring water once late July, (water rate control is at 80-100m ³/ mu), pouring water once in mid-July, the 3rd, (water rate control is at 80-100m ³/ mu).

Embodiment

Embodiment 1, Xinjiang Mu Leixian State Forestry Administration, P.R. China nursery (near county town, Mu Lei county).Height above sea level 1270m, mean annual precipitation 294mm, average annual evaporation discharge 2209mm, frost-free season is on average at 150-154 days.Soil is loam type, soil layer construction: plow layer thickness 35-40cm, the soil horizon below plow layer is original loess formation, and permeability is more weak.First Year autumn sowing is also poured water once in time, and Second Year is poured water 2 times, within the 3rd year, pours water 1 time.State Forestry Administration, P.R. China of Mu Lei county nursery is main yellow horn nursery stock nursery base, Xinjiang, can produce seedling 3,000,000 strain per year.Nursery stock feature: nursery stock side fibrous root is abundant and flourishing, nursery stock is healthy and strong.

Concrete breeding method:

1, nursery lot is selected: nursery lot should be selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, quality is loose, pH is neutral or alkalescence, have irrigation conditions, well-drained fertile plot;

Nursery soil and soil layer construction require: topsoil is chosen as and is rich in organic loam; Plow layer thickness has 35-40cm at least, and the soil below plow layer is loess formation; Wherein, the loess formation that loess formation is original, its permeability is more weak than the permeability of sandy soils;

2, wholely: the early October of First Year even mu execute the farmyard manure 5000kg become thoroughly decomposed, and soil to be ploughed deeply, erects ridge in field, field is divided into many long and narrow plot-embanked fields, the wide 3.5m of seedling furrow, long 10m;

3, soak seed: select to gather in the crops then and the seed of full seed, be soaked in water before broadcasting 3 days, change water every day once;

4, the sowing time: adopt at the beginning of autumn sowing late October to 11 month;

5, sow: by line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 5-10cm, after planting earthing 3-4cm, suppresses slightly, pours water once, irrigation quantity 100-120m ³/ mu, seeding quantity is 15kg/ mu;

6, seedling management: Second Year late April starts to emerge, at the beginning of 5 months, seedling all sprouts substantially, and emergence rate can reach more than 95%, enters the seedling management stage immediately;

(1) Second Year seedling management: combining first time at the beginning of late June to 7 month pours water and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fertilizing amount is 3kg/ mu, irrigation quantity 80-100m ³/ mu; Late July to early August combines to pour water for the second time and applies urea, and fertilizing amount is 5kg/ mu, irrigation quantity 80-100m ³/ mu, then in conjunction with irrigation fertilization twice;

Border irrigation: erect ridge in field, is divided into many long and narrow plot-embanked fields by field, water is from water delivery ditch or directly put into furrow from sublateral canal, and in furrow, current move forward with sheet flow, and stream limit, limit is oozed, wetting soil layer, and this irrigation method is called border irrigation;

Seedling management in (2) the 3rd years: combination was poured water and applied urea mid-July, and fertilizing amount is 5kg/mu, water yield 80-100m ³/ mu.In conjunction with irrigation fertilization once;

7, weeding, to loosen the soil: irrigated rear timely weeding at every turn and loosened the soil.

Conclusion: at Xinjiang Mu Leixian State Forestry Administration, P.R. China nursery (near county town, Mu Lei county), the yellow horn seeds nursery stock adopting this breeding method to cultivate, comparatively conventional seedbed system, root amount improves more than 50%, illustrate that this method can significantly improve yellow horn bareroot seedling transplanting survival rate, thus better promote the development of yellow horn industry, be worthy to be popularized utilization.

Claims (1)

1. a breeding method for yellow horn seeds many amount nursery stock, is characterized in that: this breeding method comprises the steps:

1, nursery lot is selected: nursery lot should be selected in traffic convenience, leeward on the sunny side, physical features is smooth, quality is loose, pH is neutral or alkalescence, have irrigation conditions, well-drained fertile plot; Wherein, nursery soil and soil layer construction require: topsoil is chosen as and is rich in organic loam, plow layer thickness 35-40cm, and the soil of plow layer subsurface is loess formation;

2, wholely: execute the farmyard manure 5000kg/ mu become thoroughly decomposed in the early October of the previous year, and soil is ploughed deeply, erect ridge in field, field is divided into long and narrow plot, namely forms embanked field, the wide 3.5m of furrow in embanked field, long 10m;

3, soak seed: select to gather in the crops then and the seed of full seed, be soaked in water before broadcasting 3 days, change water every day once;

4, sow: the sowing time: adopt at the beginning of autumn sowing late October to 11 month, by line-spacing 20cm, spacing in the rows 5-10cm, after planting earthing 3-4cm, pours water once, irrigation quantity 100-120m ³/ mu, seeding quantity is 15kg/ mu;

5, seedling management: (1) Second Year seedling management: combining first time at the beginning of late June to 7 month pours water and apply potassium dihydrogen phosphate, and fertilizing amount is 3kg/ mu, irrigation quantity 80-100m ³/ mu; Late July to early August combines to pour water for the second time and applies urea, and fertilizing amount is 5kg/ mu, irrigation quantity 80-100m ³/ mu; Wherein, then in conjunction with irrigation fertilization twice, irrigation method adopts border irrigation;

Seedling management in (2) the 3rd years: combination was poured water and applied urea mid-July, and fertilizing amount is 5kg/ mu, water yield 80-100m ³/ mu, in conjunction with irrigation fertilization once, irrigation method adopts border irrigation; (3) irrigated rear timely weeding to loosen the soil at every turn.