SU1799234A3 - Method for control of soil erosion on sloppy land - Google Patents

Description

UNION OF SOVIET

SOCIALIST

REPUBLIC „„ S i, ... 1799234 ..... АЗ (505 А 01В 79/02, А 01 G 2.3 / 00, А01В13 / 16

STATE PATENT

DEPARTMENT OF THE USSR (USSR STATE PATENT)

ΌΠ ISAI AND E AND GET IT

IBLIFTENA

TO THE PATENT. 'V (21) 4859671/15 (22) 14.08.90 (46) 28.02.93. Bul. № 8 (71) All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agroforestry (72) A.T. Barabanov and E.A. Garshchinov (73) All-Union Scientific Research Institute of Agroforestry (56) USSR author's certificate No. 1404000, class. A 01 B 13/16, 79/02, 1986.

(54) METHOD FOR PROTECTING SOILS FROM EROSION ON SLOPES (57) Use: agriculture, land use on slope lands, protection of soils from erosion. The essence of the invention: to prevent erosion along the contours of the soil create a system of forest belts with different wind permeability. The lower the strip is located from the watershed, the less wind permeability. In addition to forest belts, the slopes are strengthened with wings in the inter-lane space with a decreasing distance between the wings down the slope. High-stemmed agricultural plants, such as sunflowers, mustard, are used as wings. 2 c.p. f-crystals, 1 tab., 1 dwg

The invention relates to agriculture and can be used to protect soil from water erosion.

The aim of the invention is to reduce soil washout from slopes.

The drawing shows a layout diagram, forest belts and wings from agricultural crops.

The method is carried out as follows.

Across the slope or along the contour (along the contour lines of the terrain), 2-4-row forest strips are planted. In the forest-steppe zone, forest belts are created from warty birch, pedunculate oak, common spruce, larch, Scots pine, poplar, etc. other breeds. The structures of forest belts are formed with wind permeability decreasing from top to bottom along the slope: a two-row near-dividing strip 1 of a blown-through structure is laid without bushes from rocks that provide an area of gaps between the trunks of more than 60%, in the crowns up to 10%. The row spacing in the forest-steppe is 3 m, in the steppe zone 3-4.5 m with the placement of plants in a row every 1-2 m when planting with seedlings and 2-3 m 'with seedlings. \ ’Ί

The stock-regulating strip 2 of three rows is formed from trees and shrubs of an openwork-blown structure, which occupies an intermediate position between the openwork and blown strips in the area of the gaps between the trunks and in the crowns (12-45%). Row spacing and 'the distance between the plants in the rows ^are: the same as in privodorazdelnoy.

Stock-regulating forest belt 3 of:

three rows of openwork structures are formed from tree species and shrubs, providing wind permeability between the trunks and in the crowns of 15-35%. The distances between the rows and in the rows are the same.

SU .... 1799234 AZ

The additional strip 4 is created by a 4-5 row, dense structure of trees and shrubs. The forest belt should be with a maximum permeability along the entire profile, no more than 10%. The row spacing and spacing in the rows are the same as in the driveway and stock-regulating forest belts.

The distance between the forest belts is chosen depending on the steepness of the slope: on gray true soils 210-360 m; on leached chernozems 240-400 m; on ordinary chernozems 250-470 m; on southern chernozems 200-400 m; on dark chestnut soils 175-350 m; on light chestnut soils 125-250 m;

If along the length of the slope the number of runoff-regulating forest belts is more than two, then the third and subsequent runoff-regulating forest belts located higher up the slope create a blown structure.

In the inter-lane space, backstage 5 of high-stemmed agricultural crops (sunflower, mustard) are sown. Distances for honey are taken by the wings: in the lower inter-lane space 4 m, in the next 6 m, and in subsequent ones it increases by 2 m to 12 m.

When creating forest belts with decreasing wind intensity from top to bottom along the slope and placement in inter-lane spaces of the wings from. of tall-stemmed agricultural plants, almost all snowfall is deposited in the fields with an increase in the thickness of the snow cover from top to bottom. ' At the same time, the melt water flowing down the surface freed from snow, falling into the snow still lying in the lower part of the slope, does not wash away on it.

The erosion control efficiency of the proposed method for protecting soil from erosion in comparison with the known method is shown in the table.

Claims (3)

10 Claims 1. A method of protecting soils from erosion on slopes, including planting forest belts across the slope or along contours and sowing in the inter-lane space. 15 agricultural crops, hot with the fact that, in order to reduce soil washout from the slopes, forest belts are formed with decreasing wind permeability, the less the lower the forest belt is located from the watershed, and the backstage of agricultural crops with a decreasing distance between the wings down the slope. 2. The method according to claim 1, with the fact that the design of forest belts is changed from blown at near-watershed, openwork blown and openwork at stock-regulating to dense near near-river forest belts. 3. The method according to PP. 1 and 2, which is characterized by the fact that the wings in the inter-lane space are sown with high-stemmed agricultural crops, for example, sunflowers, mustard. Way Water reserves in snow, mm Soil washout, t / ha Control without forest belts thirty 10.1 A known method of protection using systems of forest belts with constant wind permeability (openwork structure) 75 4.8 The proposed method of protection using a system of forest belts (with variable wind permeability) and mustard curtains 88 0.5 I