CN105210797B - A kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of North China forests for water supply conservation - Google Patents
A kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of North China forests for water supply conservation Download PDFInfo
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- CN105210797B CN105210797B CN201510658152.5A CN201510658152A CN105210797B CN 105210797 B CN105210797 B CN 105210797B CN 201510658152 A CN201510658152 A CN 201510658152A CN 105210797 B CN105210797 B CN 105210797B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G23/00—Forestry
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
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- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of forests for water supply conservation, comprise the following steps：(1) preliminary investigation is carried out to the water conservation forest zone of selected North China；(2) forest land cleaning is carried out to water conservation forest zone；(3) in water conservation forest zone, site preparation is carried out with the alternant of small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation along contour.The present invention carries out afforestation and soil preparation by investigating forest zone selection index, using small horizontal bar site preparation and the alternate mode of fish-scale pit site preparation, can both increase soil porosity, improves soil infiltration capability, conserves water and soil；And can is adapted to various orographic conditions, and face of breaking ground is small, small investment, can change the otherness of soil moisture distribution in the long run, promotes the mechanism of selection through competition between vegetation individual, maintains forest land stability and long-term effect, reaches and conserve water and soil, the effect to purify water.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of forests for water supply conservation, more particularly to one kind to play forests for water supply conservation storage
Water soil conservation, purify water as the artificial forest afforestation and soil preparation method of target.
Background technology
Artificial afforestration is to expand one of the forest reserves, the important channel improved the ecological environment.People in the domain of Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China
Work woods quality is not universal high, and forest protection efficiency is low, and Water Conservation Capacity of Five is poor, severe water and soil erosion, ecosystem structure disorder,
Functional disturbance, ecological environment are very fragile.
Forests for water supply conservation are the artificial seeds of forest to acquire a special sense, and it not only has the ecological benefits that forest generally has, warp
Benefit of helping and social benefit, and with self-restraint protection water source, the function of adjusting big vast peak clipping, prevent the soil erosion and purify water；
And in addition to overmature forest, the age of stand is higher, its water storage function is bigger, prevents that the ability washing away, collapse is also stronger.Afforestation and soil preparation can change
Become the physical of soil, increase soil porosity, increase soil infiltration capability, have to the functions of conserving water and soil of forests for water supply conservation compared with
It is big to influence.
In the prior art, Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China forests for water supply conservation afforestation and soil preparation is more using contour bench, fish-scale pit, cave-shaped site preparation
Deng method of soil preparation.But have the following disadvantages：Level-terrace site preparation eliminates artificial forest interindividual variation, result in artificial forest individual competition
Power uniforms, and can not promote, from generation is dredged, to cause Low-efficiency forest, also make artificial forest self-renewing succession not carry out；Fish-scale pit and
Cave-shaped site preparation is smaller to the contribution degree of increase soil porosity, raising soil infiltration capability, and litter accumulation is less, and water storage is protected
Native ability is poor, it is impossible to gives full play to the effect of conserving water and soil of forests for water supply conservation.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one kind, in Rocky Mountain Area of Northern China performance, forests for water supply conservation are conserved water and soil, purify water work(
The method of the afforestation and soil preparation of energy.
The purpose of the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions：
A kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of forests for water supply conservation, comprises the following steps：
(1) preliminary investigation is carried out to the water conservation forest zone of selected North China；
(2) forest land cleaning is carried out to water conservation forest zone；
(3) in water conservation forest zone, carried out along contour with the alternant of small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation
Site preparation.
In afforestation and soil preparation method of the present invention, in step (1), the investigation content includes but is not limited to：Weather bar
Part, orographic condition, region specification and afforestation area, the density of plantation and configuration, edaphic condition, vegetation growth situation are (in reproducing area
Shrub, weeds, the upgrowth situation of stump) etc.；It is preferred that weather conditions, orographic condition, edaphic condition, vegetation growth situation.
In afforestation and soil preparation method of the present invention, in step (2), the cleaning content includes：To different growth conditions
Stump local excavate and transform, the shrub weeds of different growth conditions and hillside fields diverse location are cut off and protected
Stay.
In afforestation and soil preparation method of the present invention, in step (3), the alternately site preparation is close according to site preparation specification, site preparation
Degree, build four low bank of earth between fields, time of site preparation aspect progress.
Wherein, the site preparation specification is specially：The small horizontal bar specification is：Long 3~3.5m, wide 0.5~0.8m；It is described
Fish-scale pit is semicircle 1~1.2m of diameter, deep 0.4~0.6m, the high 0.2~0.3m in the ridge.
Wherein, the site preparation density determines according to factors such as reproducting tree species, the density of plantation and precipitation.It is excellent as the present invention
The embodiment of choosing, the site preparation density are specially：Often row is distributed along contour, often go small horizontal bar and fish-scale pit interval 1~
1.2m, 3~3.2m of upper and lower two between-line spacing, small horizontal bar-fish-scale pit combined and alternatively site preparation between upper and lower two row.
Wherein, the build low bank of earth between fields is specially：During the site preparation of fish-scale pit, outer direction of fall is being cheated into the raw-soil dug out backfill,
The high low banks of earth between fields of 0.2~0.3m, 0.15~0.2m of top width or so have been trained, the low bank of earth between fields has been treaded.
Wherein, the time of site preparation is specially：In 1~2 season before afforestation, it is typically chosen autumn and winter progress.On the one hand
Rainfall is few, is not likely to produce rainwash and causes soil erosion；A period of time is repaired after another aspect site preparation, it is tight soil can be increased
Solidity, improve corrosion stability.
In afforestation and soil preparation method of the present invention, in step (3), the small horizontal bar site preparation is anti-with 3 °~5 °
Slope.
The present invention is alternate using small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation by investigating forest zone selection index
Mode carries out afforestation and soil preparation, can both increase soil porosity, improves soil infiltration capability, conserves water and soil；And can is adapted to variously
Shape condition, and face of breaking ground is small, small investment, the otherness of soil moisture distribution can be changed in the long run, promoted between vegetation individual
Mechanism of selection through competition, maintain forest land stability and long-term effect, reach and conserve water and soil, the effect to purify water.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is that small horizontal bar-fish-scale pit site preparation is put down in North China forests for water supply conservation afforestation and soil preparation method of the present invention
Face figure.
Fig. 2 is using soil porosity before and after method of soil preparation of the present invention and growth and water consumption comparison diagram.
In figure：1st, small horizontal bar；2nd, fish-scale pit.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not limited to the scope of the present invention.
A kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of 1 forests for water supply conservation of embodiment
A kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of forests for water supply conservation, comprises the following steps：
A carries out preliminary investigation, including investigation water conservation forest zone landform bar to selected North China water conservation forest zone
Part, determine region specification and afforestation area, the forests for water supply conservation density of plantation and shrub, weeds, stump in configuration, investigation reproducing area
Upgrowth situation etc.；
B carries out forest land cleaning to water conservation forest zone：
1. for withered stump, should locally be excavated according to the density of plantation and planting spacing；
2., should be planned to be transformed according to the density of plantation and afforestation target for the stump of Sprout reproduction, no
It should excavate comprehensively；
3. for the eugonic shrub of reproducing area and weeds, it should carry out part according to the density of plantation and configuration and cut off,
Do not influence on the premise of reproducting tree species grow, to preserve, quickly to form the mixed irregular forest structure handed over of tall shrub, mitigate as far as possible
The soil erosion, play soil and water conservation benefit.
C carries out small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation along contour and replaces site preparation：
1. site preparation specification：North China's soil layer is relatively thin, and the gradient is larger, and forests for water supply conservation are distributed in rivers and creeks, reservoir, lake more
About 15 °~25 ° of the upstream gathering ground gradient.Using small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation alternating land preparation mode.Over-over mode is
Small horizontal bar, three fish-scale pits, small horizontal bar, three fish-scale pits.Small horizontal bar site preparation is wide with 3 °~5 ° of counter-slope, long 3m
0.5m；Fish-scale pit is semicircle diameter 1m, deep 0.4m, the high 0.2m in the ridge；
2. site preparation density：Determined according to factors such as reproducting tree species, the density of plantation and precipitation.Often row is distributed along contour,
Often go small horizontal bar and fish-scale pit interval 1m, upper and lower two between-line spacings 3m, small horizontal bar-fish-scale pit combined and alternatively between upper and lower two row
Site preparation.
3. build the low bank of earth between fields：During the site preparation of fish-scale pit, outer direction of fall is being cheated into the raw-soil dug out backfill, is training the high soil of 0.2m
The ridge, top width 0.15m or so, the low bank of earth between fields is treaded；
4. time of site preparation：In 1~2 season before afforestation, it is typically chosen autumn and winter progress.One side rainfall is few, is not easy
Produce rainwash and cause soil erosion；A period of time is repaired after another aspect site preparation, soil density can be increased, is improved against corrosion
Property.
The invention belongs to artificial afforestration entire technique, is primarily adapted for use in North China rivers and creeks, reservoir, lake upstream gathering ground
The forests for water supply conservation afforested area that about 15 °~25 ° of the gradient.Spirit of the invention is by the cleaning of reasonable forest land, small horizontal bar and fish
Squama hole alternating land preparation mode, increases soil porosity, improves soil infiltration capability, improve edaphic condition, play forests for water supply conservation
The effect conserve water and soil, to purify water, while promote the artificial regeneration of forests for water supply conservation, maintain the forests for water supply conservation ecosystem steady
Qualitative and long-term effect.Economic, applicable, long-term effect is characterized in, gives full play to the ecological environment function of forests for water supply conservation.
Experimental example 2
In Miyun Region of Beijing half, city sub-basin carries out forests for water supply conservation Vegetation Construction, it is intended to strengthens the raising of water conservation type vegetation
Soil infiltration capability, improve edaphic condition, the Eco-hydrological effect conserve water and soil, to purify water.Comprise the following steps that：
A carries out preliminary investigation, the Characteristics of Natural Environment such as table 1 below of the city sub-basin of Miyun half to selected region.
The city sub-basin natural conditions of 1 Miyun of table half
B carries out forest land cleaning to water conservation forest zone：
1. for withered stump, should locally be excavated according to the density of plantation and planting spacing；
2., should be planned to be transformed according to the density of plantation and afforestation target for the stump of Sprout reproduction, no
It should excavate comprehensively；
3. for the eugonic shrub of reproducing area and weeds, it should carry out part according to the density of plantation and configuration and cut off,
Do not influence on the premise of reproducting tree species grow, to preserve, quickly to form the mixed irregular forest structure handed over of tall shrub, mitigate as far as possible
The soil erosion, play soil and water conservation benefit.
C carries out small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation along contour and replaces site preparation：
Land preparation mode is replaced with fish-scale pit using small horizontal bar in Vegetation Construction, its medium and small horizontal bar site preparation has 3 °~5 °
Counter-slope, long 3m, wide 0.5m；Fish-scale pit is semicircle diameter 1m, deep 0.4m, the high 0.2m in the ridge；.Plant measure：Using tree planting bag
Measures on Soil Moisture Conservation, brush measure, reduce the destruction to original vegetation as far as possible；Sapling specification：2 years raw container seedlings.
By taking arbor-vitae as an example, by replacing land preparation mode, the hydrology life of standing forest with fish-scale pit to the small horizontal bar of forests for water supply conservation
State benefit is significantly improved, and see the table below 2 and Fig. 2.According to the life in 20 years of every mu of ground 25 plant greatly tree calculate, Stand Growth season water consumption
No more than 70mm, the 12% of annual water consumption is accounted for.Interception in canopy is in 20-70mm, and litter water-holding capacity is in 16-20mm, soil
Earth can reservoir storage it is relatively low in 160-330mm, water consumption.
Influence contrast of the entire technique of table 2 to standing forest eco hydrological functions
(note：Data calculate according to every mu of ground 25 plant life in 20 years tree greatly in table)
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments,
On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause
This, these modifications or improvements, belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of afforestation and soil preparation method of forests for water supply conservation, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
(1) preliminary investigation is carried out to the water conservation forest zone of selected North China；
(2) forest land cleaning is carried out to water conservation forest zone；
(3) in water conservation forest zone, site preparation is carried out with the alternant of small horizontal bar site preparation and fish-scale pit site preparation along contour；
The alternately site preparation is carried out according to four site preparation specification, site preparation density, the build low bank of earth between fields, time of site preparation aspects；Wherein, it is described
Site preparation density determines according to reproducting tree species, the density of plantation and the precipitation factor；Specially：Often row is distributed along contour, often goes small
Horizontal bar and 1~1.2m of fish-scale pit interval, 3~3.2m of upper and lower two between-line spacing, small horizontal bar-fish-scale pit combination between upper and lower two row
Alternately site preparation.
2. afforestation and soil preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (1), the investigation content include but
It is not limited to：Weather conditions, orographic condition, region specification and afforestation area, the density of plantation and configuration, edaphic condition, vegetation growth
Situation.
3. afforestation and soil preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in step (2), the cleaning content includes：
The stump progress part of different growth conditions is excavated and transformed, the shrub weeds to different growth conditions and hillside fields diverse location
Cut off and retained.
4. afforestation and soil preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the site preparation specification is specifically, the small water
Riglet specification：Long 3~3.5m, wide 0.5~0.8m；The fish-scale pit specification：Semicircle 1~1.2m of diameter, deep 0.4~0.6m,
High 0.2~the 0.3m in the ridge.
5. afforestation and soil preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that it is described build the low bank of earth between fields be specially：Fish-scale pit is whole
During ground, outer direction of fall is being cheated into the raw-soil dug out backfill, is training the high low banks of earth between fields of 0.2~0.3m, 0.15~0.2m of top width or so,
The low bank of earth between fields is treaded.
6. afforestation and soil preparation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the time of site preparation 1~2 season before afforestation
Section.
7. according to claim 1, any described afforestation and soil preparation methods of 4-6, it is characterised in that the small horizontal bar site preparation has
3 °~5 ° of counter-slope.
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| CN105684827A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-06-22 | 浚鼎生物科技（上海）有限公司 | Forest culture and management method for treating haze through forest trees |
| CN105900555B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-05-25 | 陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司 | A kind of design method of land engineering |
| CN106034896B (en) * | 2016-05-28 | 2019-03-19 | 中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所 | Ili River Valley Hills And Low Mountains abrupt slope cheuch soil erosion biological control method |
| CN109997444A (en) * | 2019-05-20 | 2019-07-12 | 西南林业大学 | A method of improving Red Soil Sloping Land soil moisture and utilizes |
| CN114651652B (en) * | 2022-02-15 | 2023-01-24 | 江西省水利科学院 | Method for configuring supplementary planting space of watershed water conservation forest |
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