CN105594555B - A kind of with Characteristics and Water Conservation Function is leading Larix principis-rupprechtii mixed forest remodeling method - Google Patents

A kind of with Characteristics and Water Conservation Function is leading Larix principis-rupprechtii mixed forest remodeling method Download PDF

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CN105594555B
CN105594555B CN201510591501.6A CN201510591501A CN105594555B CN 105594555 B CN105594555 B CN 105594555B CN 201510591501 A CN201510591501 A CN 201510591501A CN 105594555 B CN105594555 B CN 105594555B
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water conservation
forest
remodeling method
conservation function
species
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CN105594555A (en
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余新晓
刘自强
贾国栋
贾剑波
孙佳美
路伟伟
赵娜
娄源海
李瀚之
白艳婧
侯沛轩
何雅冰
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Beijing Forestry University
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Beijing Forestry University
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G23/00Forestry
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02ATECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/22Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/40Afforestation or reforestation

Abstract

It is leading Larix principis-rupprechtii mixture plantation's remodeling method that the present invention relates to a kind of with Characteristics and Water Conservation Function, include the following steps: that (1) investigates Larch Forests to be rebuilt, calculates the evaluation number of the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of the artificial forest;(2) the low yield poor quality forest for being in " poor " for Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number is cut selectively;(3) the vacant lot block after felling carries out cave-shaped site preparation;(4) suitable tree species are selected, carry out after-culture with the method for planting seedlings on the vacant lot block handled well;(5) the artificial forest progress fence after after-culture is fostered and is managed and protected.Plantation reformation method of the present invention provides a kind of economic, efficiently, ecological renovation technique for existing plantation reformation, accelerates Larch Forests Characteristics and Water Conservation Function and restores, reaches the Target of Ecology Recovery of small investment, high effect.

Description

A kind of with Characteristics and Water Conservation Function is leading Larix principis-rupprechtii mixed forest remodeling method
Technical field
The present invention relates to the remodeling methods of Larix principis-rupprechtii mixture plantation a kind of, more particularly to one kind is with water conservation function It can be the remodeling method of leading Larix principis-rupprechtii mixture plantation.
Background technique
Currently, the most Larix Principis-rupprechtii Forest in China is artificial forest, these artificial forest are not only to mountainous region water conservation, anti- Wind fixes the sand and the formation of the forest zone ecosystem and maintenance play not replaceable effect, while also having purified river, lake The water quality of upstream becomes the green screen of maintenance river (lake, library) bank ecological safety.
However since poor management or improper measures make stand structure to China's Larch Forests at later stages Single, understory species diversity lacks, and single species and cultivars or concentrates in flakes or even some forest zones are by serious destruction, makes It is lost at artificial forest shelter-forest ecological functions low value or the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of artificial forest, causes artificial forest value low.
It in the prior art, is mainly Artificial Pure after-culture for the remodeling method of above-mentioned low value Larch Forests Seedling.This method makes Larch Forests still be pure forest, can not increase Species Diversity, and improved effect is unknown Aobvious, survival rate is low, and protection effect is difficult to maintain.
Summary of the invention
It is leading Larch Forests remodeling method that the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of with Characteristics and Water Conservation Function. Under the premise of guaranteeing stability of plant community, from the angle of Effect of Protecting Water Source, survived according to tree species, species diversity, The variation of the improvement cost factor determines optimum three factors, provides a kind of economic, efficient, ecology for existing plantation reformation Renovation technique, accelerate Larch Forests Characteristics and Water Conservation Function restore, reach it is small investment, high effect ecological recovery mesh Mark.
To achieve the goals above, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
A kind of Larix principis-rupprechtii mixture plantation remodeling method, includes the following steps:
(1) Larch Forests to be rebuilt are investigated, calculates commenting for the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of the artificial forest Valence index;
(2) the low yield poor quality forest for being in " poor " to Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number is cut selectively;
(3) the vacant lot block after felling carries out cave-shaped site preparation;
(4) suitable tree species are selected, carry out after-culture with the method for planting seedlings on the vacant lot block handled well;
(5) the artificial forest progress fence after after-culture is fostered and is managed and protected.
In remodeling method of the present invention, investigation described in step (1) method particularly includes: m 20m × 20m of setting Sample, the mean stand height of method investigation Larix principis-rupprechtii, mean DBH increment, the age of stand, Stand Biomass, close is divided into using " cross " Spend 5 indexs.
In remodeling method of the present invention, in step (1), the evaluation number (Y) of the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function it is specific Calculation method are as follows:
Y=JFW·X1+I1·X2+I2·X3+I3·X4+F·X5+W·X6+p·X7 (1)
Wherein, JFw=(- ∑F I=1Pi ﹡ lnPi) lnF (2)
I1=POutside-PIt is interior-G (3)
I2=(0.85Rm-Ro)·M (4)
I3=hk (5)
F=∑ mi (6)
W=WOn+WUnder (7)
WOn=a (D2 iHi)·b·p (8)
In formula, Y is the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number of artificial forest;
I1For Interception in canopy;
I2For litter water-holding capacity;
I3For water capacity;
POutsideFor rainfall outside woods, PIt is interiorFor rainfall in woods, G is trunk flow;
RmFor litter maximum specific retention, RoFor litter natural moisture content;
M is litter accumulation;
H is thickness of soil, and k is soil porosity;
F is species richness;
JFwFor species evenness;
PiThe ratio of all individual number of specieses is accounted for for the number of individuals of species;
H is mean stand height;
D is mean DBH increment;
L is the mean age;
miFor species trees all in each sample prescription;
W is Stand Biomass;
WOnFor storey biomass;
WUnderFor hayashishita biomass;
Density p is the density of crop;
X1、X2、X3、X4、X5、X6、X7Respectively weight coefficient;
A, b are to ask fixed coefficient, W according to sample treesiFor the dry weight of sample prescription hayashishita biology, s is sample area, SAreaFor enumeration district Region area.
As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the evaluation number Y value for calculating gained Characteristics and Water Conservation Function can be by listed by table 1 It is divided:
Table 1
Y value range ≤0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 ≥0.8
Grade Difference In It is good It is excellent
In remodeling method of the present invention, in step (2), selectively retain grow fine, be flourishing, vitality Strong Larix principis-rupprechtii, pest and disease damage easily occurs for uniform selective cutting, middle growth falls behind, diameter grade lesser dying wooden and dry wood, low yield Larix principis-rupprechtii inferior and miscellaneous filling grass.To guarantee the lasting performance of Characteristics and Water Conservation Function and the stability of the ecosystem, this hair Bright preferred artificial forest is cut selectively with band-like or bulk form, i.e., not cut woods inferior selectively comprehensively, and every 3-5 to after-culture seedling at In blocky or strip-selection cutting after work, selective cutting schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1.According to can refer to table 2, foundation plant health assessment score is true for selective cutting Surely object is cut selectively.(full marks 5 divide, and are felling object lower than (2.5 points) of average mark).
Table 2
In remodeling method of the present invention, in step (3), the time of the cave-shaped site preparation depending on the afforestation season, More than the first half (rainy season should be passed through) in afforestation to carry out.Site preparation Fertilizers, guarantee the thickness of soil in forest land 60cm with On, water capacity 13.47%~16.57%, the soil weight is 1.09~1.29g/cm, soil organic matter content 1.5~ 2.2%, available nitrogen, potassium are in 100~160ppm, and available phosphorus contents are in 20~40ppm.According to the distribution situation of existing standing forest, press It controls according to initial planting density in 2400~3300 plants/hm2Principle, set between cave and cave distance as 1~1.5m along contour, The depth in cave is 35~45cm, and the diameter in cave is 50~55cm, preferably 50cm.
In remodeling method of the present invention, in step (4), it can be selected according to the growth rhythm and land occupation condition of plant It is disease and insect resistance, barren-resistant, adaptable, the indigenous tree of preferable interspecies relation can be formed with Larix principis-rupprechtii, accomplish tall shrub It is complete.The tree species specifically referred to have: pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Chinese pine, dragon spruce, white birch, aspen, Manchurian ash, Chinese holly tree, raspberry, lindera glauca, Honeysuckle arrow bamboo, false spiraea, sedge, passes by one's way, yellow cocoon dish, mock-strawberry.
In remodeling method of the present invention, in step (4), the after-culture method particularly includes: spring is Larix principis-rupprechtii The favorable season of afforestation should select that 2 years raw terminal buds are full, well developed root system, nothing when soil before nursery stock sprouts just has thawed top slurry The strong sprout of pest and disease damage and mechanical damage carries out after-culture;If afforesting in the fall, it is necessary to before time of the year when autumn changes into winter nursery stock fallen leaves soil thaws It carries out.The forest land of Schattenseite after elder generation's tailo when afforestation, spot soil preparation carries out tree species collocation, the woods of strip tillage using starlike mixed friendship method Ground carries out tree species collocation using friendship is mixed between strain, and collocation tree species should be at 3 kinds or 3 kinds or more, and Larix principis-rupprechtii mixes with collocation tree species Double ratio example is between 1:1~3:2.Guarantee grow into forest after standing forest diversity indices 0.6~0.8, diversity index 2.5~3.7, 0.65 or more evenness index.With specific reference to Fig. 2.
In remodeling method of the present invention, in step (5), the fence, which is fostered, to be managed and protected specifically: new plant nursery stock at Motility rate answers timely after-culture when being 41%~85%, and survival rate should reforest less than 41%.Fence fosters the time managed and protected at least It is 5 years, weeds in seedling 10cm peripheral extent is preferably pulled out with a hand during managing and protecting, the weeds outside 10cm range accomplish careful shovel It removes, carries out 2~3 times, be carried out continuously 5 years every year.It should be more than in due course simultaneously to be repaired to 0.6~0.7 place to canopy density Branch, to there is disease pest plague of rats phenomenon to take timely measure.
Plantation reformation method of the present invention for existing plantation reformation provide it is a kind of it is economical, efficiently, ecology changes Technology is made, accelerates Larch Forests Characteristics and Water Conservation Function and restores, reaches the Target of Ecology Recovery of small investment, high effect.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is selective cutting front and back schematic diagram in artificial forest remodeling method of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is to mix to hand over schematic diagram in artificial forest remodeling method of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
The following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention..
A kind of Larch Forests remodeling method of embodiment 1
A kind of Larix principis-rupprechtii mixture plantation remodeling method, includes the following steps:
First, Larch Forests to be rebuilt are investigated, the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of the artificial forest is evaluated.If With setting the sample of m 20m × 20m, method is divided into using " cross " and investigates Larix principis-rupprechtii mean stand height, mean DBH increment, woods emphatically Age, Stand Biomass, density, calculate the artificial forest Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number Y (Y be reflection Characteristics and Water Conservation Function Important indicator):
Y=JFW·X1+I1·X2+I2·X3+I3·X4+F·X5+W·X6+p·X7 (1)
Wherein, JFw=(- ∑F I=1Pi ﹡ lnPi) lnF (2)
I1=POutside-PIt is interior-G (3)
I2=(0.85Rm-Ro)·M (4)
I3=hk (5)
F=∑ mi (6)
W=WOn+WUnder (7)
WOn=a (D2 iHi)·b·p (8)
In formula, Y is the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number of artificial forest;I1For Interception in canopy;I2For litter water-holding capacity; I3For water capacity, POutsideFor rainfall outside woods, PIt is interiorFor rainfall in woods, G is trunk flow;RmFor litter maximum specific retention, RoFor litter natural moisture content;M is litter accumulation;H is thickness of soil, and k is soil porosity;F is species richness; JFwFor species evenness;PiThe ratio of all individual number of specieses is accounted for for the number of individuals of species;H is mean stand height;D is average chest Diameter;L is the mean age;miFor species trees all in each sample prescription;W is Stand Biomass;Density p is the density of crop;X1、X2、 X3、X4、X5、X6、X7Respectively weight coefficient;WOnFor storey biomass;WUnderFor hayashishita biomass;A, b are to ask fixed according to sample trees Coefficient, WiFor the dry weight of each sample prescription, s is sample area, SAreaFor the region area of enumeration district;
It calculates gained evaluation number Y value reference table 3 and evaluates its Characteristics and Water Conservation Function:
Table 3
Y value range ≤0.4 0.4~0.6 0.6~0.8 ≥0.8
Grade Difference In It is good It is excellent
Second, the low yield poor quality forest for being in " poor " to water conservation evaluation number is cut selectively.Selectively retain length Good, flourishing, vitality the is strong Larix principis-rupprechtii of gesture, uniformly pest and disease damage easily occurs for selective cutting, middle growth falls behind, diameter grade is smaller Dying wood and dry wood, the Larix principis-rupprechtii of low yield poor quality and miscellaneous filling it is careless.For guarantee Characteristics and Water Conservation Function lasting performance and The stability of the ecosystem, artificial forest answer band-like or blocky selective cutting, i.e., not cut selectively comprehensively except forest land poor quality woods, should be every 3~5 years In blocky or strip-selection cutting after after-culture seedling survives, selective cutting schematic diagram is shown in Fig. 1, and selective cutting divides according to following table 4, full marks 5 are referred to, It is felling object lower than (2.5 points) of average mark.
4 plant health assessment table of table
Third, the vacant lot block after felling carry out cave-shaped site preparation.Time of site preparation, should be before afforestation depending on the afforestation season More than half a year (pass through a rainy season) to carry out.Site preparation Fertilizers guarantee the thickness of soil in forest land in 60cm or more, soil water retention Amount 13.47%~16.57%, the soil weight are 1.09~1.29g/cm, and soil organic matter content is quick-acting 1.5~2.2% Nitrogen, potassium are in 100~160ppm, and available phosphorus contents are in 20~40ppm.According to the distribution situation of existing standing forest, according to initial planting density Control is in 2400~3300 plants/hm2Principle, setting distance between cave and cave along contour, as 1~1.5m, the depth in cave is 35~45cm, bore are 50 × 50cm.
4th, the selection of tree species.According to the growth rhythm and land occupation condition of plant, disease and insect resistance, barren-resistant, adaptation are selected Property is strong, can form the indigenous tree of preferable interspecies relation with Larix principis-rupprechtii, accomplish that tall shrub is complete.The tree species that can refer to have: Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, Chinese pine, dragon spruce, white birch, aspen, Manchurian ash, Chinese holly tree, raspberry, lindera glauca, honeysuckle, arrow bamboo, false spiraea, sedge, mistake Road, yellow cocoon dish, mock-strawberry.
5th, after-culture is carried out with the method for planting seedlings on whole good reproducing area.Spring is the favorable season of Larix principis-rupprechtii afforestation, The full raw terminal bud of 2a, well developed root system, no disease and pests harm and mechanical damage should be selected when soil before nursery stock sprouts just has thawed top slurry Strong sprout carries out after-culture;If afforesting in the fall, it is necessary to be carried out before time of the year when autumn changes into winter nursery stock fallen leaves soil thaws.When afforestation after elder generation's tailo The forest land of Schattenseite, spot soil preparation carries out tree species collocation using starlike mixed friendship method, and the forest land of strip tillage is carried out using mixed hand between strain Tree arrangement, collocation tree species should at 3 kinds or 3 kinds or more, the mixis ratios of Larix principis-rupprechtii and collocation tree species 1:1~3:2 it Between.Guarantee the standing forest diversity indices 0.6~0.8 after growing into forest, diversity index 2.5~3.7,0.65 or more evenness index. With specific reference to Fig. 2.
6th, the artificial forest progress fence after the completion of after-culture is fostered and is managed and protected.New plant plant percent is 41%~ Timely after-culture is answered when 85%, survival rate should reforest less than 41%.Fence fosters the time managed and protected to be at least 5 years, manages and protects the phase Between weeds in seedling 10cm peripheral extent are preferably pulled out with a hand, the weeds outside 10cm range accomplish it is careful root out, every year carry out 2~ It 3 times, is carried out continuously 5 years.It should be more than in due course simultaneously to prune to 0.6~0.7 place to canopy density, to there is the disease pest plague of rats Phenomenon takes timely measure.
Although above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, On the basis of the present invention, it can be made some modifications or improvements, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Cause This, these modifications or improvements, fall within the scope of the claimed invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.

Claims (9)

1. a kind of Larix principis-rupprechtii mixture plantation remodeling method, which comprises the steps of:
(1) Larch Forests to be rebuilt are investigated, the evaluation for calculating the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function of the artificial forest refers to Number;
(2) the low yield poor quality forest for being in " poor " for Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number is cut selectively;
(3) the vacant lot block after felling carries out cave-shaped site preparation;
(4) suitable tree species are selected, carry out after-culture with the method for planting seedlings on the vacant lot block handled well;
(5) the artificial forest progress fence after after-culture is fostered and is managed and protected;
The circular of the evaluation number (Y) of Characteristics and Water Conservation Function described in step (1) are as follows:
Y=JFw·X1+I1·X2+I2·X3+I3·X4+F·X5+W·X6+p·X7 (1)
Wherein, JFw=(- ∑F I=1Pi ﹡ lnPi) lnF (2)
I1=POutside-PIt is interior-G (3)
I2=(0.85Rm-Ro)·M (4)
I3=hk (5)
F=∑ mi (6)
W=WOn+WUnder (7)
WOn=a (D2 iHi)·b·p (8)
In formula, Y is the Characteristics and Water Conservation Function evaluation number of artificial forest;
I1For Interception in canopy;
I2For litter water-holding capacity;
I3For water capacity;
POutsideFor rainfall outside woods, PIt is interiorFor rainfall in woods, G is trunk flow;
RmFor litter maximum specific retention, RoFor litter natural moisture content;
M is litter accumulation;
H is thickness of soil, and k is soil porosity;
F is species richness;
JFwFor species evenness;
PiThe ratio of all individual number of specieses is accounted for for the number of individuals of species;
H is mean stand height;
D is mean DBH increment;
DiThe diameter of a cross-section of a tree trunk 1.3 meters above the ground set for i-th;
HiThe tree set for i-th is high;
L is the mean age;
miFor species trees all in each sample prescription;
W is Stand Biomass;
WOnFor storey biomass;
WUnderFor hayashishita biomass;
P is the density of crop;
X1、X2、X、X4、X5、X6、X7Respectively weight coefficient;
A, b are to ask fixed coefficient, W according to sample treesiFor the dry weight of sample prescription hayashishita biology, s is sample area, SAreaFor the area of enumeration district Domain area
The value of i be 1,2,3 ... n.
2. remodeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that investigation described in step (1) method particularly includes: set With setting the sample of m 20m × 20m, using " cross " be divided into the method investigation mean stand height of Larix principis-rupprechtii, mean DBH increment, the age of stand, 5 Stand Biomass, density indexs.
3. remodeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (2), the selective cutting is with band-like or blocky shape Formula carries out, and selective cutting interval 3-5 every time.
4. remodeling method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that the selective cutting object is according to plant health assessment score It determines.
5. remodeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), time of the cave-shaped site preparation should be Afforestation more than the first half carries out.
6. remodeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (3), during the cave-shaped site preparation, Distance is 1~1.5m between cave and cave, and the depth in cave is 35~45cm, and the diameter in cave is 50~55cm.
7. remodeling method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that in step (4), the tree species are selected from pinus sylvestris var. mongolica, oil Pine, white birch, aspen, Manchurian ash, Chinese holly tree, raspberry, lindera glauca, honeysuckle, arrow bamboo, false spiraea, sedge, passes by one's way, Huang Jian at dragon spruce Dish, mock-strawberry.
8. remodeling method according to claim 3, which is characterized in that in step (4), the forest land of spot soil preparation is using starlike Mixed friendship method carries out tree species collocation, and the forest land of strip tillage carries out tree species collocation using mixed hand between strain.
9. remodeling method according to claim 8, which is characterized in that in step (4), the tree species of the collocation should be at 3 kinds Or 3 kinds or more, Larix principis-rupprechtii and arrange in pairs or groups tree species mixis ratio between 1:1~3:2.
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CN108541500B (en) * 2018-03-26 2020-04-03 中国科学院成都生物研究所 Transformation method for ecological public welfare forest in western Sichuan region
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CN114651652B (en) * 2022-02-15 2023-01-24 江西省水利科学院 Method for configuring supplementary planting space of watershed water conservation forest

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