SU895297A1 - Method of controlling soil erosion on slopes - Google Patents

Description

I

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to methods of combating soil erosion.

A known method for combating soil erosion on slopes is by regulating surface runoff using horizontal water-absorbing trenches filled with inorganic water-absorbing material l3.

However, according to this method, it is impossible to ensure the full utilization of runoff water by agricultural plants, since most of this water goes into groundwater.

Also known is the method of soil drilling, carried out as a separate method or simultaneously with plowing in bi 12.

The mole method also ensures the retention of only a part of the flow, is ineffective after the winter thaws and requires annual crafts of molehills.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the anti-erosion effect and moisture supply of agricultural crops.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the making and making of trenches are carried out jointly, with the making of mole making at an angle to the horizontal of m, and the water retaining trenches on the horizontal of the m slope, and the depth of the tranche is 1.5–2 times greater than the laying depth of the mole.

FIG. Figure 1 shows schematically the trenches and molehills created by this method, cut-out, in FIG. 2 same plan view.

An example of the method.

At an angle to the horizontal m, not allowing eroding and pouring

20 speeds of water flow, at a certain depth and distance from each other, the molecreator 1 creates molehills 1 with simultaneous filling them with organic material 2 -, for example, with straw.

The distance between molehills is determined by the amount of runoff that needs to be delayed by the physical volume of molehills and the filtration rate of water through their walls.

The most important condition for choosing the depth of crotch is the preservation of drains during the subsequent agricultural processing: they must be located 10-30 cm deeper than the topsoil. Due to this, the life span of molehills is extended from one year (in the case of a normal mole) to 5–7 years.

From the depth of the foundation, the diameter of the molehills and the distance between them, the mole brand is chosen. Thus, the use of whirlpools KN-700, KNA-55 and provides for drilling to a depth of 40-60 cm with a drain diameter of 60 mm and a distance of 100 cm between them. The distance between the trenches is determined by hydrological calculations, for example, using the formula A.H. .Kostikova:

wl

n

L

m -cLuX

where VH - nerazmyvayuschie water velocity m / s,

ticking rate

m surface slope-, 7-30-coefficient, dependent

from the slope and surface roughness-,

-flow coefficient, Xi X

-intensity of precipitation (snow deposition), mm / min.

With

This snow or rainfall is intercepted by ditches and then drained to the floor, where it is absorbed into the soil.

Within 5-7 years, the method provides for the complete regulation of the flow and contributes to an additional increase in the root zone of the soil on the floor. In addition, the correct placement of molehills can be attributed to runoff water in the interlab areas, where soil moisture from the spring is the least.

The proposed method of combating soil erosion will increase the moisture supply of the fields, which, in turn, will lead to an increase in the yield of agricultural crops.

The calculation of the economic efficiency of the application of the proposed method in the Volgograd region is made for grain crops, since they occupy the main (about 70%) area:

1) Reducing labor costs - 4 times.

2) The annual economic effect of applying the method to 1 ha of arable land is 20 rubles. 33 kopecks

Claims (2)

1. The method of combating soil erosion on the slopes, including hackwork, water retention trenches and filling them with water-absorbing material, characterized in that, in order to increase the anti-erosion effect and moisture supply of agricultural crops, hauling and handicraft trenches are carried out jointly, the mole-crafts made at an angle to the horizontal m, and water retaining trenches - along the horizontal m of the slope. 2. Method according to Claim I., characterized in that the depth of the trenches 1.5–2 times the depth of mole blood deposition. Sources of information taken into account in the examination 1. USSR author's certificate No. 429761, cl. A About B 13/16, 1974. 2. Zaslavsky M.I. and Kashtanov A. Pochvozash 1tnoe agriculture, Rosselkhozizdat. M., 1979, p. 209. “LU. x ;. .. ... - - /. . -. x av / x v, 0wl /. & /.,.