CN102379232A - Kiwi fruit cultivation technique under adverse condition - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit cultivation technique under adverse condition Download PDFInfo
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- CN102379232A CN102379232A CN2010102674744A CN201010267474A CN102379232A CN 102379232 A CN102379232 A CN 102379232A CN 2010102674744 A CN2010102674744 A CN 2010102674744A CN 201010267474 A CN201010267474 A CN 201010267474A CN 102379232 A CN102379232 A CN 102379232A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a kiwi fruit cultivation technique under adverse conditions, which comprises the following steps of: 1) applying base fertilizers: applying a layer of base fertilizers on field planting lines of kiwi fruits to be cultivated; 2) forming ridges: centralizing surface soil on organic fertilizers to form the ridges (1), wherein row spacing A between adjacent ridges (1) is 5m to 8m; and 3) planting seedlings: planting kiwi fruit seedlings on the ridges (1) formed at the step 1, wherein plant spacing B between adjacent kiwi fruit seedlings is 0.8m to 1.2m. The kiwi fruit cultivation technique under the adverse conditions has the advantages that the method can effectively adapt to coastal low-altitude areas such as the Yangtze River Delta, the conditions of high temperature, high humidity, sudden drought and sudden flooding can be effectively overcome, the adversity resistance is good and the development and the growth of root systems are good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to farm-forestry crop culture technique field, be specifically related to the technique for culturing yangtao under a kind of adverse environmental factor.
Background technology
The kiwi fruit industry is a kind of emerging fruit industry, mainly contains states such as New Zealand, Italy, Chile abroad and produces kiwi fruit, then mainly concentrates on provinces, Midwest such as Shaanxi, Sichuan, Henan, Hunan, Hubei in China.In recent years; The plantation family of coastal low altitude area such as the Yangtze River Delta begins to attempt to develop kiwi fruit plantation industry; The kiwi fruit kind method for planting that the Midwest is suitable for kiwi fruit plantation area is attempted to introduce in general kiwi fruit plantation family; But,, can't form production scale so kiwi fruit mortality phenomenon still often occurs because the soil of coastal low altitude area adverse environmental factors such as the Yangtze River Delta is different with climatic condition.
For example the plantation family of coastal low altitude area such as Yangtze River Delta kiwi fruit kind method for planting commonly used digs wide and dark respectively field planting groove of 60 centimeters in the winter time, and the earth that has dug is freezingly made the subsoil weathering through winter, reaches the intensification plow layer and plays the purpose of improving the soil.But this kind of method for planting causes the problem of impeded drainage easily in rainy season, causes kiwi fruit dead easily.Another kind kind method for planting on this basis increases one procedure again when the plantation kiwi fruit; Promptly before the groove of digging, spread a soakaway trench, solved drainage problem, can't satisfy kiwi fruit timely drainage problem when rainy though do like this at bottom land; And need be during annual organic fertilizer in both sides grooving earthing more again; Have the expense cost problem of taking a lot of work, and production effect still is undesirable, that does preferably also can only adhere to 5 or six years.These methods all are owing to do not notice the relation of kiwi fruit root system; The suburbs, Shanghai adopt this method successively to plant the kiwi fruit about 20,000 mu since the eighties in last century; Remaining at present less than 1/10th; Thousand mu of the less thaies that has an economic benefit, its main cause all are not grasp a kind of culture technique that is suitable for this area climatic characteristic, often because natural calamities such as drought and waterlogging cause kiwi fruit dead in batches.Also have a kind of rhizosphere restriction kiwi fruit cultivation method following in addition: the method for its proposition is to dig one 60 centimeters dark one meter wide groove; Lay plastic film in the groove; Soakaway trench is laid in the bottom, and soakaway trench is lower than bottom land, also spreads nonwoven above and gets into soakaway trench to prevent mud.Put into groove then one deck soil one deck fertilizer, let Chinese actinidia root tie up to the interior growth of scope of regulation.But this method water spray difficulty is very big, and the macaque peach is easy to suffer from drought, and accidentally just receives drought injury, and blade comes off in a large number.Though in theory the volume of earth enough the kiwi fruit root system hold; But in fact because the earth major part in the groove is the immature soil below the plow layer; The kiwi fruit root system is difficult in the inside and grows, so actual effective earth volume is not enough, has restricted the normal growth of kiwi fruit on the contrary.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the defective of above-mentioned prior art; Provide a kind of and can effectively adapt to coastal low height above sea level adverse circumstance such as Yangtze River Delta area; Effectively overcome hot and humid, neglect the annular that drought is neglected waterlogging, the technique for culturing yangtao under the good adverse environmental factor of good stress resistance, root system development growth.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the technique for culturing yangtao under a kind of adverse environmental factor, and it comprises that step is following:
1) applies fertilizer to the subsoil: apply one deck base fertilizer waiting to cultivate on the field planting line of kiwi fruit;
2) the ridge platform is shaped: the table soil of soil is concentrated on formation ridge platform on the fertilizer, and the line-spacing A between the platform of adjacent ridge is 5m～8m;
3) plantation nursery stock: on the ridge platform that said step 1) forms, spacing in the rows B is 0.8m～1.2m between the adjacent kiwi fruit seedling with the kiwi fruit seedling cultivation.
As further improvement of the present invention:
The height H of ridge platform is 40cm～80cm in the said step 1).
The ridge bottom width degree C of ridge platform is 1.8m～2.2m in the said step 1), and the width D of ridge face is 0.8m～1.2m.
It also comprises the step of setting up flat frame and single main climing shaping: at first between the platform of ridge, set up flat frame, then with the branch place under repair shaping of kiwi fruit, make that the adjacent two strain kiwi fruits on the platform of same ridge are pulled in respectively on the flat frame of two sides of ridge platform.
It also comprises carries out the root system updating steps to kiwi fruit: after the 4th year, take out the part soil around the macaque peach on the platform of ridge every year at Kiwi growth, and earth and fertilizer are successively piled up backfill.
The seedling of selecting for use in the said step 3) is the kiwi fruit seedling.
The present invention has following advantage: the present invention concentrates on formation ridge platform on the fertilizer through showing soil, and it is good to show soil property, and the content of organic matter is high; Soil ecology is good; Help kiwi fruit root system development growth, and the undue growth limit root of the root system of kiwi fruit can be limited because of place limits, the bottom is difficult to downward growth because of immature soil kiwi fruit root system in platform both sides, ridge therefore; And can effectively resist hot and humid, drought waterlogging suddenly suddenly, also have the advantage easily of applying fertilizer; Form through wide capable dense planting on the platform of ridge, can active set in more table soil, and sprinkling irrigation is also convenient.Flat frame and single main climing shaping can guarantee that kiwi fruit receives suitable illumination, help improving the output of kiwi fruit; Root system upgrades can upgrade the root system of kiwi fruit year by year, thereby can improve the vigor of kiwi fruit root system, thereby improves the stability and the continuation of kiwi fruit output.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the ridge platform of present embodiment;
Fig. 2 is the fragmentary top TV structure sketch map after the ridge platform of present embodiment is planted the kiwi fruit seedling;
Fig. 3 is the principle schematic of overlooking of the climing shaping of present embodiment list master;
Fig. 4 is the principle schematic that root system upgrades in the present embodiment.
Embodiment
Technique for culturing yangtao under the adverse environmental factor in the present embodiment comprises that step is following:
1) applies fertilizer to the subsoil: apply one deck base fertilizer waiting to cultivate on the field planting line of kiwi fruit;
2) the ridge platform is shaped: the table soil of soil is concentrated on formation ridge platform 1 on the fertilizer, and the line-spacing A between the adjacent ridge platform 1 is 5m～8m;
3) plantation nursery stock: on the ridge platform 1 that said step 1) forms, spacing in the rows B is 0.8m～1.2m between the adjacent kiwi fruit seedling with the kiwi fruit seedling cultivation.
Owing to behind the facilities such as unified installation sprinkling irrigation, therefore totally cultivated area is too little effectively utilizes the ratio regular meeting of area too low, therefore advises that area is more than ten mu, and preferably becomes rectangle plane in the present embodiment.The low periphery of plantation is provided with a corral ditch, furrow width with dark each 1.2 meters, enclose the ditch exit and establish a sluice, the mound that has dug can prevent flood like this at ditch outside formation flood control dam.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2; The height H of ridge platform is 40cm～80cm in the step 1) of the present invention, and the ridge bottom width degree C of ridge platform 1 is 1.8m～2.2m, and the ridge face width degree D of ridge platform 1 is 0.8m～1.2m; Line-spacing A in the present embodiment between the platform of adjacent ridge is 6m; The height H of ridge platform is 60cm, and ridge bottom width degree C is 2m, and ridge face width degree D is 1m.The too little table soil of the line-spacing of ridge platform 1 is just not enough, and the ridge platform 1 of formation will be less than normal, and the too wide kiwi fruit branches and tendrils of the line-spacing of ridge platform 1 just are difficult to cover with, and cause the orchard space waste.After the plantation kiwi fruit fertilising can be on the ridge both sides of platform 1 spread fertilizer in batches, cover above the fertilizer on the outer residue table of ridge platform 1 in batches, widen high ridge platform 1 in passing then.
The seedling of selecting for use in the step 3) is the kiwi fruit seedling, takes advantage of weather timely field planting when dry and comfortable at two weeks around the Spring Festival, if in the ground too wet soil earth harden easily.When watering or meet the Yu Shisa quick-acting fertilizer, be no less than once thin fertile duty in every month to execute four to six times after the field planting because early stage the kiwi fruit root system also very shallow very a little less than, base fertilizer can't absorb, heavy fertilizer is prone to burn root again, thin fertile duty is executed and can be accelerated growth of seedling to greatest extent.After the rainy season stop fertilise about first half of the month, because after the rainy season be high temperature, kiwi fruit was wanted before high temperature closes, and at first should stop the growth of acrial part spray, the growth of the root system that goes underground fast after after the rainy season.Installed microspray irrigation before mid-April; Do not rain in continuous four days and will spray primary water; Because April weather can reach 25 the degree more than, even have 30 the degree, water evaporates is very big; Sometimes have that continuous two weeks do not rain, if so do not have that microspray irrigation drought resisting work meeting is very passive must to install microspray irrigation as early as possible.Three days spray primary waters during hot day, two days spray primary waters during the above high temperature of 33 degree.Injection flow rate reaches at the bottom of the ridge till the water seepage.Have only maintenance soil moisture, kiwi fruit could well-grown.
In addition, present embodiment also comprises the step of grafting, bud picking and pinching: grafting before mid-February after 1 year New Year's Day, 2～3 twigs of every strain grafting, one of them is positive bud, all the other be next year fruit bearing shoot or the preparation bud.The branch that grows directly from seeds of surplus many not graftings all cuts off before the beginning of spring, causes Kiwi berry nutritious loss to influence growing way because prune the easy bleeding of kiwi fruit after the beginning of spring.Early and middle ten days bud picking in April at the end of 1 year three months, simultaneously the upright at least thin bamboo of every strain kiwi fruit is guaranteed main climing (the grafting bud that growing way is best) straight fast upwards growth, to climing should the length of master's mid-April to more than 2 meters, during should note tying up climing prevent to roll over climing.To untie the film tapes of preserving moisture of grafting mouth the middle ten days and the last ten days in May, prevent to cut into intracutaneous influence growth.The grafting bud long will pinching during to seven or eight leaves, new longer branch also wants pinching, purpose to let its youthful and the elderly's branch make the nutrient support master length of overgrowing when seven or eight leaves more after the pinching, makes main climing more than the beginning of July length to 5 meter.The second half year to main climing longer branch can regardless of, let alone growth, begin to take shape the frame face.
It also comprises the step of setting up flat frame and single main climing shaping: at first between the platform of ridge, set up flat frame, then with the branch place under repair shaping of kiwi fruit, make that the adjacent two strain kiwi fruits on the platform of same ridge are pulled in respectively on the flat frame of two sides of ridge platform; The kiwi fruit that carries out after single main climing shaping is as shown in Figure 3; Delegation's kiwi fruit is equivalent to dense planting becomes two staggered row, and delegation grows left, and delegation grows to the right; One strain is at a distance from a strain; Two row trees can be compared to be planted on a line, relatively intensive, and drought resisting is had effect preferably.For fear of Chinese actinidia root and the branch of damaging, put up in 1 year after setting up flat frame and being preferably in the kiwi fruit field planting.
General the 3rd year is kiwi fruit primiparity year; Comprise the step of setting up flat frame and single main climing shaping: at first between the platform of ridge, set up flat frame,, make that the adjacent two strain kiwi fruits on the platform of same ridge are pulled in respectively on the flat frame of two sides of ridge platform then with the branch place under repair shaping of kiwi fruit; When the 3rd year winter, kiwi fruit was pruned; It is climing to manage out the master, draws on the right frame in ridge if the first strain master is climing, and the master of second strain is climing just to be drawn on the frame on a left side, ridge.The 3rd strain master is climing to be drawn on the frame on the right side, ridge again, and the master of the 4th strain master climing and second strain is climing equidirectional, by that analogy.Establish three on each master is climing and send out scolus, utilize water sprout to do fruit bearing shoot next year.Main climing when capturing frame basically, other grafted branch cuts off in the winter time.For fear of Chinese actinidia root and the branch of damaging, put up in 1 year after setting up flat frame and being preferably in the kiwi fruit field planting.The every per mu yield in the 3rd year is controlled at about 1000 jin, and result and moulding are taken into consideration, the many results of Wang Shu, 50 of average every strain results, 10～15 jin.Every mu of organic fertilizer is no less than 3000 kilograms before and after the fruit picking in autumn.
Per mu yield was controlled at about 1500 kilograms in the 4th year; In order to keep the vigor of kiwi fruit root system; As shown in Figure 4, present embodiment also comprises kiwi fruit is carried out the root system updating steps: at Kiwi growth after the 4th year, annual part soil around the macaque peach on the ridge platform 1 is taken out; And earth and fertilizer successively piled up in the backfill present embodiment; With 4 years as the conscientious renewal root system of one-period, so each year the macaque peach from root 30cm far away circle 3 outsides earth that takes out the quadrant zone take out, then earth and fertilizer are successively piled up backfill.
Through the technique for culturing yangtao under the embodiment of the present invention adverse environmental factor; The climing length of kiwi fruit master just can reach more than 5 meters in 1 year; The fruit bearing shoot that forms about 1 centimetre mutually, long about 1 meter just can every strain stay about 50 of fruits on the 3rd year more than 5, and per mu yield reaches about 1000 jin; Per jin with 10 yuan of calculating, the per mu yield value can reach about 10000 yuan.Employing the present invention technology, 2 years every mu of machinery can be practiced thrift more than 3000 yuan with investments such as labour, fertilizers, and every mu of investment of reality is generally between 6000 yuan to 8000 yuan, so just can regain the investment of kiwi fruit on the 3rd year basically.Every strain simultaneously can form effective fruit bearing shoot more than 20.Every strain in the 4th year can be stayed about 150 of fruits, about 3000 jin of per mu yields, and the per mu yield value can reach about 30,000 yuan, and every mu can reach gross profit more than 20,000 yuan.In conjunction with kiwi fruit root system renewal technology and complicated and confused positioned update technology, the economic life of macaque peach can reach more than 30 years.
The above is merely preferred implementation of the present invention, and protection scope of the present invention is not limited in above-mentioned embodiment, and every technical scheme that belongs to the principle of the invention all belongs to protection scope of the present invention.For a person skilled in the art, some improvement and the retouching under the prerequisite that does not break away from principle of the present invention, carried out, these improvement and retouching also should be regarded as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. the technique for culturing yangtao under the adverse environmental factor is characterized in that comprising that step is following:
1) applies fertilizer to the subsoil: apply one deck base fertilizer waiting to cultivate on the field planting line of kiwi fruit;
2) the ridge platform is shaped: the table soil of soil is concentrated on formation ridge platform (1) on the fertilizer, and the line-spacing A between the adjacent ridge platform (1) is 5m～8m;
3) plantation nursery stock: on the ridge platform (1) that said step 1) forms, spacing in the rows B is 0.8m～1.2m between the adjacent kiwi fruit seedling with the kiwi fruit seedling cultivation.
2. the technique for culturing yangtao under the adverse environmental factor according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the height H of said ridge platform (1) is 40cm～80cm.
3. the technique for culturing yangtao under the adverse environmental factor according to claim 2 is characterized in that: the ridge bottom width degree C of said ridge platform (1) is 1.8m～2.2m, and the ridge face width degree D of said ridge platform (1) is 0.8m～1.2m.
4. according to the technique for culturing yangtao under claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described adverse environmental factors; It is characterized in that it also comprises the step of setting up flat frame and single main climing shaping: at first between ridge platform (1), set up flat frame; Then with the branch place under repair shaping of kiwi fruit, make adjacent two strain kiwi fruits on the platform of same ridge be pulled in respectively on the flat frame of two sides of ridge platform (1).
5. according to the technique for culturing yangtao under claim 1 or the 2 or 3 described adverse environmental factors; It is characterized in that it also comprised with 4 years carries out the root system updating steps as one-period to kiwi fruit: each year from root 30cm outside, taking out the regional earth of quadrant, successively piled up backfill with earth and fertilizer with the macaque peach on the ridge platform (1) then.
6. the technique for culturing yangtao under the adverse environmental factor according to claim 4; It is characterized in that it also comprises carries out the root system updating steps to kiwi fruit: at Kiwi growth after the 4th year; Take out the part soil around the macaque peach on the ridge platform (1) every year, and successively pile up backfill with earth and fertilizer.
7. the technique for culturing yangtao under the adverse environmental factor according to claim 6 is characterized in that: the seedling of selecting for use in the said step 3) is the kiwi fruit seedling.
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| CN2010102674744A CN102379232A (en) | 2010-08-27 | 2010-08-27 | Kiwi fruit cultivation technique under adverse condition |
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Cited By (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104604626A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-13 | 新疆德天利果蔬有限公司 | Planting method of Han Fuji apple |
| CN104705022A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 重庆畔园猕猴桃股份合作社 | Planting method of kiwi fruits |
| CN105340660A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-24 | 杨斌 | Kiwifruit planting method |
| CN105519393A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 咸宁市信德现代农业科技有限公司 | Kiwifruit planting method |
| CN105724165A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Facility cultivation method suitable for kiwi fruit in protected area of cold region |
| CN107318496A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-07 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | The Chinese gooseberry garden dim light diffused light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic plant |
| CN111328611A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-26 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Flat-land high-ridge planting method for avocados |
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2010
- 2010-08-27 CN CN2010102674744A patent/CN102379232A/en active Pending
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104705022A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2015-06-17 | 重庆畔园猕猴桃股份合作社 | Planting method of kiwi fruits |
| CN105340660A (en) * | 2014-08-19 | 2016-02-24 | 杨斌 | Kiwifruit planting method |
| CN105519393A (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2016-04-27 | 咸宁市信德现代农业科技有限公司 | Kiwifruit planting method |
| CN105519393B (en) * | 2014-09-28 | 2018-07-31 | 咸宁市信德现代农业科技有限公司 | A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods |
| CN104604626A (en) * | 2015-02-15 | 2015-05-13 | 新疆德天利果蔬有限公司 | Planting method of Han Fuji apple |
| CN105724165A (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2016-07-06 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Facility cultivation method suitable for kiwi fruit in protected area of cold region |
| CN105724165B (en) * | 2016-02-24 | 2018-12-04 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | A kind of facility cultivation method of suitable cool region protecting field Kiwi berry |
| CN107318496A (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2017-11-07 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | The Chinese gooseberry garden dim light diffused light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic plant |
| CN107318496B (en) * | 2017-08-17 | 2020-05-26 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station |
| CN111328611A (en) * | 2020-03-13 | 2020-06-26 | 广西南亚热带农业科学研究所 | Flat-land high-ridge planting method for avocados |
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Application publication date: 20120321 |