CN111247925B - Water and fertilizer application method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil - Google Patents
Water and fertilizer application method for potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C23/00—Distributing devices specially adapted for liquid manure or other fertilising liquid, including ammonia, e.g. transport tanks or sprinkling wagons
- A01C23/04—Distributing under pressure; Distributing mud; Adaptation of watering systems for fertilising-liquids
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/05—Fruit crops, e.g. strawberries, tomatoes or cucumbers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
Abstract
The invention provides a method for applying a water fertilizer to potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: (1) preparing and filling root-limiting nutrient soil; (2) the water and fertilizer of the main root and the aerial root are used for drip irrigation in a synergic manner. The air rooting of the branches of the dragon fruits and the water and fertilizer of the main root system are cooperatively applied, so that the influence of salt damage and plant diseases and insect pests existing in the main root part on the water and fertilizer absorption of the root part is relieved, and the water and fertilizer absorption efficiency of the whole root system of the dragon fruits is greatly improved. The method is particularly suitable for planting the pitaya with greatly damaged main roots in the saline-alkali land.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to water and fertilizer management of fruit trees in coastal saline-alkali soil, in particular to a water and fertilizer application method of potted red-core pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil.
Background
The red-heart pitaya has higher economic value, in recent years, coastal saline and alkaline wastelands in coastal areas of Fujian province start to be cultivated sporadically, but the growth of the pitaya is seriously influenced due to the hardened soil leanness, high salt content, high pH value and the like. The pitaya belongs to shallow root crops, and the root system is easy to be damaged by ditching and fertilizing. In production, surface application or shallow application of fertilizer is generally adopted, nutrients are volatile or leaching loss is caused, and in addition, the traditional large water flooding irrigation method enables the water and fertilizer utilization rate of the root system of the dragon fruit to be low, the accumulated water at the root generates large diseases, the yield and the quality are poor, and the planting benefit of the dragon fruit is directly influenced. With the application of the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology, the technology is also applied to dragon fruit planting in some farms in China. Compared with the traditional fertilizer application, the drip irrigation fertilizer application can directly supply the water and fertilizer to the root system active area of the dragon fruit, realize that the water and fertilizer in different growth periods of the dragon fruit is applied for a small amount of times, solve the problem of root rot of the water accumulated in the big water flood irrigation of the dragon fruit, improve the utilization rate of the water and fertilizer, and save the water, fertilizer and labor input. However, in coastal saline-alkali soil, how to apply the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology to reduce the salt damage of the pitaya root area and improve the water and fertilizer absorption efficiency of the root system is to be further researched.
A large number of brown aerial roots grow on the surfaces of branches of the dragon fruits, the aerial roots not only play a role in climbing and fixing the dragon fruit plants, but also can absorb water and nutrients in the air and can serve as an auxiliary mode for absorbing water and fertilizer of the dragon fruits, and the contribution of the aerial roots to the water and fertilizer absorption is generally ignored in the production process. In the prior art, no report is found about the utilization rate of the fertilizer of the whole root system of the dragon fruit by using the main root and the aerial root to perform synergistic fertilization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a method for applying the water fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali land, so that the utilization efficiency of the water fertilizer is improved, and the salt damage of the main root is further reduced by applying the acidic water-soluble fertilizer.
The invention is realized by the following steps:
the invention relates to a method for applying water and fertilizer to potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil, which specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and filling root-limiting nutrient soil: uniformly mixing 5-6 parts of red loam, 3-4 parts of commercial organic fertilizer and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering a film, stacking for 13-18 days, then adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7, filling a root limiting barrel and a hollow upright post with root limiting nutrient soil, wherein the side surface of the upright post is provided with a plurality of through holes;
(2) and (3) carrying out water and fertilizer synergistic drip irrigation on the main root and the aerial roots: after the seedlings are transplanted and field planted, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology is adopted, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the main root of the young tree, the drip irrigation fertilizer application amount is 3-8 kg/mu/time, and the fertilizer is applied once every month; when aerial roots climb to the stand column and stretch into the nutrient soil of the stand column, the drip irrigation pipe is pulled to the top of the stand column, and the drippers aim at the nutrient soil filled in the stand column, so that the application conditions and irrigation conditions of the aerial root water soluble fertilizer are synchronous with the main root, and the specific water soluble fertilizer is applied as follows:
applying high-nitrogen high-phosphorus type strong tree flower-promoting fertilizer for 2-4 months, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 3-8 kg/mu per time by drip irrigation, and the fertilizer is applied once every 7 days; applying high-potassium balanced and organic flower and fruit promoting and strengthening fertilizers in 5-9 months, wherein the drip irrigation application amount of each fertilizer of the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer, the balanced water soluble fertilizer and the organic water soluble fertilizer is 6 kg/mu/time, and topdressing is performed for 1 time every 5 days; applying balanced water soluble fertilizer in 10-11 months, and applying commercial organic fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer in 2-5kg in 12 months to the root limiting barrel and the upright post; in addition, 1-2kg of commercial organic fertilizer or bacterial manure is required to be added to the upright column from the top in the full bearing period every year; the pH value of the water-soluble fertilizer is 4.5-6.5, and the fertilizer does not contain chloride ions.
Further:
the root limiting barrel is erected on coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high terrain and with the salt content of 2-4 per mill, buried in soil, 10-20cm higher than the ground, the upright post is inserted into the bottom of the root limiting barrel, and then seedlings are transplanted for planting. The salt-isolated cultivation aims at isolating salt damages of saline-alkali soil, centralizing root fertilization and improving the utilization rate of water and fertilizer.
And (2) carrying out water and fertilizer application by utilizing a pump fertilizer injection method, wherein a dripper flow rate is 2-4L/h, two fertilizing pipes, namely an upper fertilizing pipe and a lower fertilizing pipe, are respectively arranged above the upright post and the root limiting barrel, the two fertilizing pipes intersect at the same water soluble fertilizer inlet, the dripper of the upper fertilizing pipe is arranged at the hollow position at the top of the upright post, and the dripper of the lower fertilizing pipe is arranged at the opening position above the root limiting barrel and is generally at the central position.
According to the water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology in the step (2), before drip irrigation, pipeline water is firstly subjected to drip irrigation for 20-30 minutes, after water soluble fertilizer is applied, drip irrigation is carried out for 30-60 minutes by using clear water, and water is respectively filled once every 5 days in the reproductive growth period of spring, every 3 days in the high-temperature full fruit period of summer and autumn and every 7 days in the later fruit period of winter.
The commercial organic fertilizer is decomposed commercial organic fertilizer, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of N + P is N + P2O5+K2The total amount of O is 5 to 8 percent.
The high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer has a solid product N of more than or equal to 25% and a liquid product N of more than or equal to 250 g/L.
The high-nitrogen high-phosphorus flower-strengthening fertilizer has solid products of N more than or equal to 20 percent and P2O5Not less than 20 percent, and the liquid product N is not less than 200g/L, P2O5≥20％。
The high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and a solid product K2O is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the liquid product K2O≥300g/L。
The balanced water-soluble fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2The proportion of O is (15-18) - (15-18) - (15-18), and the product contains trace nutrient TE, wherein TE is one or more trace elements of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc.
The organic water-soluble fertilizer contains biological stimulin, the content of the biological stimulin is more than or equal to 3% or 30g/L, and the biological stimulin comprises amino acid, seaweed fertilizer, humic acid or chitin; if the organic water-soluble fertilizer is replaced by the water-soluble bacterial fertilizer, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/mL.
In the water-soluble fertilizer product, two types of solid water-soluble fertilizers or liquid water-soluble fertilizers can be selected from the aspect of form.
The action mechanism of the invention is as follows: because the lateral branches of the dragon fruit germinate a large number of brown aerial roots, the growth of the aerial roots of the dragon fruit is artificially induced, the growth of nutrient-absorbing organs of the dragon fruit can be increased, the growth amount of branches of the dragon fruit is increased, and the yield of fresh fruit is increased. The nutrition absorbed by the aerial roots can be directly provided for the dragon fruit, and can be used as an auxiliary mode for the fertilization of the dragon fruit and coordinately applied with the fertilization of the main root, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer of the whole root system of the dragon fruit can be greatly improved.
The invention has the following advantages:
(1) the root-limiting nutrient soil adopted by the invention provides a good environment for the growth of the main root system of the pitaya, also slows down the salt damage of the coastal saline-alkali soil, and the nutrient soil in the upright post can pull the aerial roots of the pitaya to grow towards the inside of the pores of the supporting tube, thereby strengthening the fixation of branches and supplementing the water and fertilizer absorption of the roots.
(2) The acidic water-soluble fertilizer provided by the invention is used for drip irrigation of the main root, the pH value of the saline-alkali soil can be reduced, the water and fertilizer integration technology can also play a role in pressing salt by water, and the water and fertilizer absorption of the main root of the dragon fruit is improved.
(3) The air rooting of the dragon fruit branches and the water and fertilizer of the main root system are applied cooperatively, so that more white fibrous roots grow in the air rooting in the induced stand columns, the stand columns can be firmly climbed, the water and fertilizer in the tubes can be absorbed, the water and fertilizer transportation distance of the main root is shortened, the water and nutrient supply of the overground part of the dragon fruit in the full fruit period is enhanced, and the influence of the fixation and antagonism of the soil nutrients of the main root on the water and fertilizer absorption is avoided; meanwhile, the aerial roots close to the main roots can be dragged by the water and fertilizer of the main roots to grow in the underground root limiting barrel, the influence of salt damage and plant diseases and insect pests on the water and fertilizer absorption of the roots is relieved, and the water and fertilizer absorption efficiency of the whole roots of the pitaya is greatly improved. The method is particularly suitable for planting the pitaya with greatly damaged main roots in the saline-alkali land.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the following examples with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures are: 1 planting bucket, 11 holes, 2 columns, 3 cross-shaped iron frames, 4 support rings, 5 iron pipes, 6 steel wire ropes or nylon wires, 7 upper fertilizing pipes, 71 upper fertilizing pipe drippers, 8 lower fertilizing pipes and 81 lower fertilizing pipe drippers.
Detailed Description
Example 1
A method for applying water and fertilizer to potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and filling root-limiting nutrient soil: uniformly mixing 6 parts of laterite, 3 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering with a film, stacking for 13 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6. The nutrient of the organic fertilizer is that the organic matter is more than or equal to 45 percent, and N + P2O5+K2O is 6 percent. Then, filling the rubber barrels and the hollow upright columns with holes in the built potted plant salt-separating lined planting frames with nutrient soil, and limiting rootsThe barrel is erected on the coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and higher terrain and with 3 per mill of salt content;
the specific operation is as follows:
the method comprises the steps of selecting coastal saline-alkali soil with good ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high topography as a dragon fruit planting land, excavating an annular ditch with the width of 50-60cm and the depth of 30-40cm, and building a row-connected type support, wherein the support is a plurality of inverted U-shaped base frames 10 or triangular support frames (the support frames are arranged every 2-3 rubber barrels) distributed at intervals. The rubber barrel is buried in the soil, and the vertical barrel is 10-20cm higher than the ground so as to prevent the roots from being soaked by rainwater or irrigated by saline-alkali water in spring, summer and rainy seasons. The punched hollow PVC supporting tube (upright post 2) is inserted into the bottom of the rubber barrel 1, the top of the upright post 2 is sleeved with a cross-shaped iron frame 3, and the PVC tube sleeve heads of 1 waste tire are fixed outside the iron frame to form a supporting ring 4 so as to support the climbing edge of the dragon fruit branches. Meanwhile, the upright post 2 is punched to promote the growth of air roots of the dragon fruits to pot soil in the supporting pipe through the holes, so that the fixation of the root system is enhanced, and the water and fertilizer absorption is promoted. In order to increase the planting density of the dragon fruits, improve the supporting force of the fleshy stems of the dragon fruits in the full bearing period and prevent the fleshy stems from being broken by strong wind, the row-type supports 10 are strung at the center of the top end of the upright post 2 by using an iron pipe 5, and 1-2 steel wire ropes or nylon wires 6 are respectively pulled at the positions 10-20cm away from the center of two sides to form a row-type planting mode, as shown in figure 1.
2) Drip irrigation regulation and control of water, fertilizer and salt of the main root and the aerial root: adopting a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology, installing 1 water dropper on each row of 1 drip irrigation pipe at the main root of the young tree, applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with pH of 5.0 and N content of 30%, applying the fertilizer once per month with the drip irrigation rate of 5 kg/mu/time, pulling the main root drip irrigation pipe to the top of the upright post when the dragon fruits bear fruits, aligning the water dropper to nutrient soil in the upright post, applying a high-nitrogen high-phosphorus strong tree flower forcing fertilizer for 2-4 months, ensuring the pH of the solid water-soluble fertilizer to be 5.5, and applying N and P water-soluble fertilizers2O5The content is respectively 25 percent and 20 percent, the drip irrigation fertilization amount is 8 kg/mu/time, and the fertilizer is fertilized once every 7 days. Applying 'high potassium + balanced + organic' flower and fruit promoting fertilizer and high potassium water soluble fertilizer K for 5-9 months2The balanced water soluble fertilizer contains 35 percent of O, 16-16-16 magnesium and zinc medium and trace nutrients, the pH is 6.0, the organic water soluble fertilizer is amino acid water soluble fertilizer, the amino acid content is 150g/L, the pH is 5.0, and the drip irrigation application amount of each fertilizer is 6kAnd g/mu/time, and topdressing for 1 time every 5 days. Applying balanced water soluble fertilizer for 10-11 months, and applying 4kg and 2kg commercial organic fertilizer on the tops of the root limiting barrel and the upright post respectively for 12 months. Before drip irrigation, the pipeline water is firstly drip-irrigated for 30 minutes, after the water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the drip irrigation is carried out for 60 minutes by using clear water, and the fertilizer in the upright posts is also sprayed to the root limiting barrel along with the water. Irrigating water once every 5 days in the reproductive growth period of spring, every 3 days in the high-temperature fruit bearing period of summer and autumn, and every 7 days in the later fruit period of winter. The flow rate of the drippers is 4L/h.
Drip irrigation and adopt the fertilization pipe, be located the top of stand 2 and the top of rubber bucket 1 respectively, fertilize pipe 7 and fertilize pipe 8 down promptly, two fertilization pipes intersect in same water-soluble fertile import, the top cavity position of stand 2 is located to the dripper 71 of going up fertilization pipe 7, the dripper 71 of fertilization pipe 8 is located and plants 1 top opening part down.
Example 2
A method for applying water and fertilizer to potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and filling root-limiting nutrient soil: uniformly mixing 5 parts of laterite, 4 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering with a film, stacking for 18 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5. The nutrient of the organic fertilizer is that the organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, and N + P2O5+K2The content of O is 8 percent. Then, filling the rubber barrels and the hollow upright columns with holes in the built potted plant salt-separating lined planting frames with nutrient soil, and standing the root-limiting barrels on coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and higher terrain and 3 per mill of salt content;
2) drip irrigation regulation and control of water, fertilizer and salt of the main root: adopting a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology, respectively installing 1 water dropper on each row of 2 drip irrigation pipes at the main root of the young tree, applying a high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer with pH of 5.0 and N content of 30%, applying the fertilizer once per month with the drip irrigation fertilizing amount of 5 kg/mu/time, leaving 1 drip irrigation pipe at the main root when the dragon fruits bear fruits, applying a high-nitrogen high-phosphorus strong tree flower forcing fertilizer for 2-4 months, wherein the pH of the solid water-soluble fertilizer is 5.5, and N and P are2O5The content is respectively 25 percent and 20 percent, the drip irrigation fertilization amount is 8 kg/mu/time, and the fertilizer is fertilized once every 7 days. Applying 'high potassium + balanced + organic' flower and fruit promoting fertilizer and high potassium water soluble fertilizer K for 5-9 months2The content of O is 35 percent, the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 17-17-17, contains magnesium, zinc and boron medium and trace nutrients, and has uniform pHIt was 6.0. The organic water-soluble fertilizer is humic acid water-soluble fertilizer, the humic acid content is 50g/L, the pH value is 5.0, the drip irrigation application amount of each fertilizer is 6 kg/mu/time, and the additional fertilizer is applied for 1 time every 7 days. Applying balanced water soluble fertilizer for 10-11 months. Applying 5kg of commercial organic fertilizer to a root limiting barrel in 12 months. Before drip irrigation, the pipeline water is firstly drip-irrigated for 20 minutes, and after the water-soluble fertilizer is applied, the drip-irrigation is carried out for 30 minutes by using clear water. Irrigating water once every 5 days in the reproductive growth period of spring, every 3 days in the high-temperature fruit bearing period of summer and autumn, and every 7 days in the later fruit period of winter.
3) Absorption and induction of aerial root water and fertilizer: when the dragon fruit bears fruit, a drip irrigation pipe at the main root is drawn to the top of the upright post, the drippers are aligned to nutrient soil in the upright post, the type, the using amount and the frequency of the aerial root water soluble fertilizer are consistent with those of the main root, the irrigation condition is synchronous with that of the main root, and 1kg of commercial organic fertilizer is applied to the upright post every 12 months.
Example 3
A method for applying water and fertilizer to potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
1) preparing and filling root-limiting nutrient soil: uniformly mixing 5 parts of laterite, 4 parts of organic fertilizer and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering with a film, stacking for 18 days, and adjusting the pH value to 6.5. The nutrient of the organic fertilizer is that the organic matter is more than or equal to 50 percent, and N + P2O5+K2The content of O is 8 percent. Then, filling the rubber barrels and the hollow upright columns with holes in the built potted plant salt-separating lined planting frames with nutrient soil, and standing the root-limiting barrels on coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and higher terrain and 3 per mill of salt content;
2) drip irrigation regulation and control of water, fertilizer and salt of the main root: by adopting a water and fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology, 2 drip irrigation pipes are respectively arranged at the main root of each row of the saplings, 1 water dropper is respectively arranged, high-nitrogen water soluble fertilizer with pH of 5.0 and N content of 30% is applied, the drip irrigation fertilizing amount is 5 kg/mu/time, the fertilizer is applied once every month, 1 drip irrigation pipe is left at the main root when the dragon fruits bear fruits, and 1 water dropper is added. Applying high-nitrogen high-phosphorus type tree-strengthening flower-promoting fertilizer for 2-4 months, wherein the pH of the solid water-soluble fertilizer is 5.5, and N and P are2O5The content is respectively 25 percent and 20 percent, the drip irrigation fertilization amount is 8 kg/mu/time, and the fertilizer is fertilized once every 7 days. Applying 'high potassium + balanced + organic' flower and fruit promoting fertilizer and high potassium water soluble fertilizer K for 5-9 months2The content of O is 35 percent, the balanced water soluble fertilizer is 18-18-18 and containsThe magnesium, zinc and boron are all micronutrients with the pH value of 6.0. The organic water soluble fertilizer is alginic acid water soluble fertilizer, the alginic acid content is 3 percent, the pH value is 5.5, the drip irrigation application amount of each fertilizer is 8 kg/mu/time, and the top dressing is carried out for 1 time every 5 days. Applying balanced water soluble fertilizer for 10-11 months. And 3kg of bacterial manure is applied to the root limiting barrel in 12 months. Before drip irrigation, the pipeline water is firstly drip-irrigated for 20 minutes, and after drip irrigation by using the water-soluble fertilizer, the pipeline water is drip-irrigated for 30 minutes by using clear water. Irrigating water once every 5 days in the reproductive growth period in spring, every 2 days in the high-temperature fruit bearing period in summer and autumn and every 7 days in the later fruit period in winter. The flow rate of the drippers is 4L/h.
3) Absorption and induction of aerial root water and fertilizer: when the dragon fruit bears fruit, a drip irrigation pipe at the main root is drawn to the top of the upright post, the drippers are aligned to nutrient soil in the upright post, the type, the using amount and the application frequency of the aerial root water soluble fertilizer are consistent with those of the main root, the irrigation condition is synchronous with that of the main root, and 1kg of bacterial fertilizer is applied to the upright post every 12 months.
The applicant compares the implementation mode of the cooperative drip irrigation of the main root and the aerial root water and fertilizer with the conventional drip irrigation of only the main root water and fertilizer in the coastal saline-alkali land and the planting condition of the red-heart dragon fruit in the full bearing period of the third year, the test group adopts the planting method of the examples 1-3 of the invention, the control group adopts the conventional main root drip irrigation method, each group processes 2 mu, the planting process samples relevant indexes and counts all data, and the results are shown in the following table 1.
TABLE 1 comparison of Bin Xin dragon fruit main root and aerial root water-fertilizer synergistic drip irrigation and conventional main root drip irrigation in coastal saline-alkali land
Note: the planting density of red-core dragon fruits is 800 plants/666.7 m2The average unit price is 10 yuan/kg.
As can be seen from the results in table 1, the synergistic drip irrigation of the water and fertilizer of the main root and the aerial root increases the cost investment, but the net benefit is higher than that of the conventional drip irrigation of the main root, and the method is more suitable for coastal saline-alkali soil with higher salt content. Therefore, the application method of the water and fertilizer of the red-core dragon fruit potted in the coastal saline-alkali soil can greatly improve the utilization efficiency of the water and fertilizer of the dragon fruit through the cooperative drip irrigation of the water and fertilizer of the main root and the aerial root, thereby improving the yield of the dragon fruit and effectively preventing salt damage.
Although specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and are not limiting upon the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, which is to be limited only by the appended claims.
Claims (8)
1. A method for applying water and fertilizer to potted red-heart pitaya in coastal saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing and filling root-limiting nutrient soil: uniformly mixing 5-6 parts of red loam, 3-4 parts of commercial organic fertilizer and 1 part of coarse river sand, covering a film, stacking for 13-18 days, then adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7, filling a root limiting barrel and a hollow upright post with root limiting nutrient soil, wherein the side surface of the upright post is provided with a plurality of through holes;
(2) and (3) carrying out water and fertilizer synergistic drip irrigation on the main root and the aerial roots: after the seedlings are transplanted and field planted, a water-fertilizer integrated drip irrigation technology is adopted, high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer is applied to the main root of the young tree, the drip irrigation fertilizer application amount is 3-8 kg/mu/time, and the fertilizer is applied once every month; when aerial roots climb over the stand column and stretch into the nutrient soil of the stand column, the drip irrigation pipe is pulled to the top of the stand column, the drippers aim at the nutrient soil filled in the stand column, the type, the using amount and the frequency of the aerial root water soluble fertilizer are consistent with those of the main root, the irrigation conditions are synchronous with the main root, and the specific synergistic fertilization method comprises the following steps:
applying high-nitrogen high-phosphorus type strong tree flower-promoting fertilizer for 2-4 months, wherein the fertilizer application amount is 3-8 kg/mu per time by drip irrigation, and the fertilizer is applied once every 7 days; applying high-potassium balanced and organic flower and fruit promoting and strengthening fertilizers in 5-9 months, wherein the drip irrigation application amount of each fertilizer of the high-potassium water soluble fertilizer, the balanced water soluble fertilizer and the organic water soluble fertilizer is 6 kg/mu/time, and topdressing is performed for 1 time every 5 days; applying balanced water soluble fertilizer in 10-11 months, and applying commercial organic fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer in 2-5kg in 12 months to the root limiting barrel and the upright post; in full fruit period, 1-2kg of commercial organic fertilizer or bacterial fertilizer is additionally added into the upright post from the top of the upright post every year; the pH value of the water-soluble fertilizer is 4.5-6.5, and the fertilizer does not contain chloride ions;
standing the root limiting barrel on a coastal saline-alkali soil with ventilation and sunny exposure, good drainage performance and high terrain and salt content of 2-4 per mill, burying the root limiting barrel in the soil, wherein the barrel is 10-20cm higher than the ground, inserting an upright column into the bottom of the root limiting barrel, and then transplanting and planting;
the technology is driped irrigation in water and fertilizer integration, water dropper flow 2-4L/h utilizes the pump to annotate fertile method and carries out the liquid manure and apply, and set up two fertilization pipes respectively in the top of stand and the top of root limit bucket, fertilize the pipe promptly and fertilize the pipe down, two fertilization pipes intersect in same water-soluble fertilizer import, the top cavity position of stand is located to the water dropper of going up the fertilization pipe, the water dropper of the pipe that fertilizes down is located root limit bucket top opening part.
2. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: according to the drip irrigation technology in the step (2), before drip irrigation, pipeline water is firstly subjected to drip irrigation for 20-30 minutes, after water soluble fertilizer is applied, drip irrigation is carried out for 30-60 minutes by using clear water, and water is respectively filled once every 5 days in the reproductive growth period of spring, every 3 days in the high-temperature full fruit period of summer and autumn, and every 7 days in the later fruit period of winter.
3. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the commercial organic fertilizer is decomposed commercial organic fertilizer, the organic matter content is more than or equal to 45 percent, and the content of N + P is N + P2O5+K2The total amount of O is 5 to 8 percent.
4. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the high-nitrogen water-soluble fertilizer has a solid product N of more than or equal to 25% and a liquid product N of more than or equal to 250 g/L.
5. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1The method is characterized in that: the high-nitrogen high-phosphorus flower-strengthening fertilizer has solid products of N more than or equal to 20 percent and P2O5Not less than 20 percent, and the liquid product N is not less than 200g/L, P2O5≥20％。
6. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the high-potassium water-soluble fertilizer and a solid product K2O is more than or equal to 30 percent, and the liquid product K2O≥300g/L。
7. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the balanced water-soluble fertilizer, N-P2O5-K2The proportion of O is 15-18-15-18, and TE is additionally added, wherein the TE is one or more of trace elements of calcium, magnesium, boron and zinc.
8. The method for applying the water and fertilizer to the potted red-heart pitaya in the coastal saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the organic water-soluble fertilizer contains biological stimulin, the content of the biological stimulin is more than or equal to 3% or 30g/L, and the biological stimulin comprises amino acid, seaweed fertilizer, humic acid or chitin; if the organic water-soluble fertilizer is replaced by the water-soluble bacterial fertilizer, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/mL.
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| CN104255158A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 云南元江县丰年农业发展有限公司 | Method for applying fertilizer at aerial root node of dragon fruit plant |
| CN108739336A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-06 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | The greenhouse built and its fertilizing method of nutrient are absorbed conducive to dragon fruit aerial root |
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| CN104255158A (en) * | 2014-10-22 | 2015-01-07 | 云南元江县丰年农业发展有限公司 | Method for applying fertilizer at aerial root node of dragon fruit plant |
| CN108739336A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-11-06 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | The greenhouse built and its fertilizing method of nutrient are absorbed conducive to dragon fruit aerial root |
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Address after: 350000 pudang village, Fuzhou suburb, Fujian Province Patentee after: Institute of Resources, Environment, and Soil Fertilizers, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences Country or region after: China Address before: 350000 pudang village, Fuzhou suburb, Fujian Province Patentee before: INSTITUTE OF SOIL AND FERTILIZER, FUJIAN ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES Country or region before: China |