CN104838976A - Water-saving high-yield high-quality irrigation method for wine grapes - Google Patents
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a water-saving high-yield high-quality irrigation method for wine grapes, and belongs to the technical field of water-saving agricultural irrigation. The irrigation method comprises the following steps: (1) planting grapes in a south-north direction; (2) using single-hedge trellis as grape trellis; (3) distributing drip irrigation zones; (4) dividing the growth period of wine grapes into a shoot growth stage, a flowering and fruit setting stage, a berry expansion stage and a colored and mature stage, and performing timing and quantitative irrigation and fertilization according to the stages. The method provided by the present invention provides the drip irrigation technique of the wine grapes in the Hexi Corridor regions, a high-yield high-quality water-saving efficient scientific irrigation mode for developing the wine grapes is provided for arid desert regions. The method has significances in relieving the imbalance between supply and demand of water resources in the arid desert regions, improving the quality of the wine grapes, improving the ecological environment, and developing the circular economy.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the irrigation method of a kind of wine grape, belong to water-saving agriculture irrigation technique field.
Background technology
The three large subject matters that society faces are population, resources and environment, and water resource is as basic factors most important in human society, and its problem seems more important.At present, water crisis has become the international problem concerning human survival and development.China is put into 13 countries that water resource is the poorest in the whole world; the phenomenon that drought and water shortage governs national economy and social sustainable development seems more outstanding in China; the uncertain problem that China's the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource faces will increase further; sustainable utilization of water resource coming crisis in Western sociology also will increase further, and regimen facing challenges will be more severe.It is particularly outstanding that water problems shows in NORTHWEST CHINA Arid Region, and become the key factor of serious this regional agricultural production of restriction.Though Hexi Corridor is located in innerland, northwest, having the advantageous geographical resource advantage of plantation high-quality wine grape, is that China carries out one of viticultural area the earliest, especially the main product ground of Gansu Province wine grape.Meanwhile, along with the fast development of China's economy, the yearning of people to high-quality life is more and more higher, and high-quality wine is more and more subject to popular accreditation.Visible, Developing Grape wine industry has the huge market space at home.But in this local special fruit tree industry of Hexi Corridor development wine grape, problem demanding prompt solution how to seek a kind of scientific application of irrigation method of water-saving efficient, to solve the restriction of shortage of water resources to development wine grape industry.For this reason, carry out this area's wine grape irrigation method research is just seemed particularly urgent.The present invention, just based on this background, with Hexi Corridor Wuwei Oasis emperor platform grape base for cross-section study region, launches scientific research to this problem.
By drip irrigation, tubelet effluent and furrow irrigation three kinds of irrigation technique Integrated comparative, drip irrigation irrigation technique comparatively tubelet effluent and ditch irrigation technology is more conducive to improving vintage and quality, can significantly improve grape economic benefit simultaneously.On this basis, to improve wine grape output, quality and water production efficiency for target, it take drip irrigation technique as the wine grape saving irrigation model high quality irrigation method of relying on that research has been invented a kind of, and this has established solid foundation and theoretical foundation for the popularization of drip irrigation irrigation technique in practical application from now on.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to avoid the deficiencies in the prior art part and the irrigation method that a kind of wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality is provided.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is: a kind of irrigation method of wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality, and its main feature is that step is:
(1) grape is north and south row field planting, and its line-spacing is 2.8m, and spacing in the rows is 1m, and grape trellis is single hedge frame, and high 1.2-1.5m, is positioned at vine north, founds concrete column along grape is capable every 5-6m, pull-up 3 road galvanized wire, and it is highly followed successively by 0.6m, 1.0m, 1.5m;
(2) lay irrigate band, adopt a line one pipe control model, namely 1 φ is that the irrigate band of 16mm controls 1 row grape, and irrigate band is internally-inlaid irrigate band, dripping end flow 1.5L/h, dripper spacing 30cm;
(3) wine grape is divided into 30 days 10 days ~ Mays of May in vegetative period of young sprout, 31 days ~ June 15 May setting phase of blooming, berry expansion period 16 ~ August of June 15 and painted 16 days ~ September 25 August in maturing stage breeding time, each phase breeding time soil moisture content lower limit controls threshold value and is followed successively by field capacity (θ
f) 55%, 75%, 75%, 65%, the upper limit control threshold value be followed successively by 80% θ
f, 100% θ
f, 100% θ
f, 90% θ
f;
(4) its irrigation method is: drip irrigation technique is poured water, and when soil moisture content drops to each soil water-physical properties control threshold value breeding time, namely pours water, irrigating water quota 300m
3/ hm
2, after pouring water, soil moisture content reaches the higher limit of control and young sprout vegetative period is 80% θ respectively
f, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, berry expansion period be 100% θ
f, and the painted maturing stage is 90% θ of field capacity
f;
(5) grape is poured water 9-10 time (opening pier water 1 time containing the filling that applies fertilizer to the subsoil) time of infertility altogether, and all the other irrigation periods are new slightly vegetative period 1 time, fruit expanding period 5-6 time, painted maturing stage 2 times, irrigation norm 2700-3000m
3/ hm
2;
(6) except base fertilizer, grape fertilising breeding time all relies on drip irrigation equipment to carry out water-fertilizer integral irrigation, and apply fertilizer 4 times, namely young sprout executes nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer 1 time vegetative period, fruit expanding period is nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time, nitrogen phosphorus 1 time, potash fertilizer 1 time respectively, painted maturing stage potassium application 1 time.Add up to amount of nitrogen 900kg/hm
2, execute phosphorus 600kg/hm
2execute potassium 450kg/hm
2.
The irrigation method of described wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality, also to include before step (1) in steps:
Farmyard manure base fertilizer is executed, fertilizing amount 5-7m in the unearthed budding period
3/ mu, fertilization depth 20-50cm, fertilising terminates rear filling and opens Dun Shui, irrigating water quota 300-450m
3/ hm
2.
Beneficial effect of the present invention:
The present invention will have important theory and practice meaning in the following aspects: one is have facilitation to the reparation of the arid-desert areas ecosystem, for the development of Hexi Corridor local special fruit tree industry and recycling economy provides water-resource guarantee.By the irrigation method of Scientific exploration, spread wine grape industry, is conducive to containment Hexi Corridor desertification trend, alleviates the ecological pressure that water and soil loss brings, improve and recover living environment and the ecosystem gradually; Two is for the development of local wine grape local special fruit tree industry provides theoretical direction and technical support, and wine grape output under this invention irrigation method improves 31% than traditional ditch irrigation technology, and integrated quality index promotes 40%, and irrigation quantity reduces 800m
3/ hm
2, water production efficiency improves 73%, and water using efficiency improves 30%, and calculate according to Hexi Region of Gansu wine grape 500,000 mu of scales, its yield increase effect is 8.46 hundred million yuan/year, and water-saving amount is 0.26 hundred million m
3/ year.Three is that this achievement in research can optimize the local industrial structure, leads local rural laborer to actively develop wine grape production, promotes local this featured agriculture of development, for increasing income of peasant looks for another way; Four is promote China Grape Wine Culture to march toward the high-end level in the world, and this research comes for the purpose of production high-quality wine raw material by moisture regulation, and emphasis holds the raw material high point of high-end Production of Wine, in order to make up the weak point on production technology and production equipment.In a word, the invention provides and carry out wine grape drip irrigation technique in Hexi Corridor Region, the scientific application of irrigation pattern that wine grape provides get bumper crops high-quality, a water-saving efficient can not only be developed for arid-desert area, and for alleviation this area the contradiction of supply and demand for the water resource, improve wine grape quality, improve the ecological environment, develop a circular economy all significant.
Embodiment
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with embodiment, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.Below content of the present invention is described in detail.
Embodiment 1: a kind of irrigation method of wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality, its main feature is that step is:
(1) grape is north and south row field planting, and its line-spacing is 2.8m, and spacing in the rows is 1m, grape trellis is single hedge frame, and high 1.2-1.5m, is positioned at vine north, concrete column is found every 5-6m, pull-up 3 road galvanized wire (it is highly followed successively by 0.6m, 1.0m, 1.5m) along grape is capable;
(2) lay irrigate band, adopt a line one pipe control model, namely 1 φ is that the irrigate band of 16mm controls 1 row grape, and irrigate band is internally-inlaid irrigate band, dripping end flow 1.5L/h, dripper spacing 30cm;
(3) wine grape is divided into 30 days 10 days ~ Mays of May in vegetative period of young sprout, 31 days ~ June 15 May setting phase of blooming, berry expansion period 16 ~ August of June 15 and painted 16 days ~ September 25 August in maturing stage breeding time, each phase breeding time soil moisture content lower limit controls threshold value and is followed successively by field capacity (θ
f) 55%, 75%, 75%, 65%, the upper limit control threshold value be followed successively by 80% θ
f, 100% θ
f, 100% θ
f, 90% θ
f;
(4) its irrigation method is: drip irrigation technique is poured water, and when soil moisture content drops to each soil water-physical properties control threshold value breeding time, namely pours water, irrigating water quota 300m
3/ hm
2, after pouring water, soil moisture content reaches the higher limit of control respectively (namely young sprout vegetative period is 80% θ
f, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, berry expansion period be 100% θ
f, and the painted maturing stage is 90% θ of field capacity
f);
(5) grape is poured water 9-10 time (opening pier water 1 time containing the filling that applies fertilizer to the subsoil) time of infertility altogether, and all the other irrigation periods are new slightly vegetative period 1 time, fruit expanding period 5-6 time, painted maturing stage 2 times, irrigation norm 2700-3000m
3/ hm
2;
(6) except base fertilizer, grape fertilising breeding time all relies on drip irrigation equipment to carry out water-fertilizer integral irrigation, and apply fertilizer 4 times, namely young sprout executes nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer 1 time vegetative period, fruit expanding period is nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time, nitrogen phosphorus 1 time, potash fertilizer 1 time respectively, painted maturing stage potassium application 1 time.Add up to amount of nitrogen 900kg/hm
2, execute phosphorus 600kg/hm
2execute potassium 450kg/hm
2.
Embodiment 2: the irrigation method of described wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality, also to include before step (1) in steps:
Farmyard manure base fertilizer is executed, fertilizing amount 5-7m in the unearthed budding period
3/ mu, fertilization depth 20-50cm, fertilising terminates rear filling and opens Dun Shui, irrigating water quota 300-450m
3/ hm
2.
All the other steps are identical with embodiment.
Test example:
With Gansu Province Wuwei emperor platform grape base (N37 ° of 51', E102 ° of 53', height above sea level 1585m) be example, this district belongs to typical inland desert climate, average yearly rainfall 164.4mm, average year evaporation discharge 2000mm, solar radiation annual amount 138Kcal/cm2, >=10 DEG C year effective accumulated temperature 3100 DEG C, average temperature of the whole year 8 DEG C, 160 days frost-free seasons.
Grape variety is Merlot (Merlot), 6 years age of trees, and grape trellis is single hedge frame, and height is 1.5m about, is positioned at vine north, founds concrete column along grape is capable every 6m, pull-up 3 road galvanized wire.Using underground water as source of irrigation water, bury of groundwater 25 ~ 30m.The test region soil texture is sandy loam, and 0 ~ 100cm soil volume-weighted average is 1.35g/cm
3, field capacity is 0.37cm
3/ cm
3, each layer Physical Characteristics of Soil Moisture is in table 1.
Table 1 grape experiment base soil physical properties
Irrigation technique is dropper, adopts a line one pipe control model (namely the irrigate band of 1 φ=16mm controls 1 row grape, and irrigate band is internally-inlaid irrigate band).For Different Irrigation method under researching and analysing drip irrigation technique condition is on the impact of wine grape yield and quality, to seeking Optimum Irrigation method, be provided with 8 kinds of drip irrigation irrigation methods, and contrast with ditch irrigation technology and tubelet effluent irrigation technique, verify its water saving, increase production and improve the effect of grape fruit quality.Totally 10 process, repeat for 3 times, 30 experimental plots, plot area is 24 × 5.6m
2, 24 strain wine grape trees are planted in each community, and distance between rows and hills is 2.8m × 1m, and limit arranges protection zone in whole community.Concrete experimental scheme is shown in Table 2, wherein P1, P2, P3, P4 to be respectively under drip irrigation technique condition young sprout vegetative period, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, berry expansion period and painted maturation interim degree water deficit irrigation method, and P5, P6, P7, P8 under being respectively drip irrigation technique condition above-mentioned breeding time continuously or alternately water deficit irrigation method, CK is drip irrigation technique sufficient irrigation mode.
Table 2 experimental scheme scheme
Farmyard manure base fertilizer (sheep excrement) is executed, fertilizing amount 6m in the unearthed budding period
3/ mu, fertilization depth 20-50cm, fertilising terminates rear filling and opens Dun Shui, irrigating water quota 450m
3/ hm
2.After budding period, when surveying soil moisture content and reaching soil water-physical properties in table 2, namely pour water, irrigating water quota dropper experimental plot 300m
3/ hm
2, tubelet effluent 270m
3/ hm
2, furrow irrigation experimental plot 600m
3/ hm
2, after pouring water, soil moisture content promotes 25% θ
f, in irrigation process, strictly control the water yield with water meter.
The soil moisture sensor that Soil Water Content Rate Determination adopts RYGCM3000S type joint filling automatic data collection equipment to carry (is laid in the soil layer of below earth's surface 10cm, 30cm, 50cm, 70cm and 90cm degree of depth respectively, the horizontal range of each sensor and grape main root is 20cm), day by day carry out monitoring soil moisture, and carry out calibration by the oven drying method that fetches earth.
With water saving, volume increase, lifting quality for evaluation index, overall merit to show under drip irrigation technique condition that wine grape Optimum Irrigation method is P5 process (newborn vegetative period moderate water stress, painted maturing stage moderate water stress, all the other breeding time sufficient irrigation) namely output be 16366kg/hm
2, increase by 30.69% of comparatively irrigating through furrow; Irrigation quantity is 2850m
3/ hm
2, than ditch irrigation technology water saving 800m
3/ hm
2, water-saving rate is 17.21%; This irrigation method water production efficiency is 4.77kg/m
3, improve 72.83%, water using efficiency is 5.90kg/m
3, improve 29.61%; Grape fruit total reducing sugar comparatively ditch irrigation technology improves 24.51%, and total phenol improves 43.45%, and tannin improves 58.21%.Compared with tubelet effluent irrigation technique, this irrigation method (P5 process) improves vintage 57%; In fruit quality index, total reducing sugar improves 20.8%, and total phenol improves 63%, and tannin improves 80.1%.Therefore, weigh from output, quality and water production efficiency angle, the irrigation method that the method (P5 process) is wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality is described.
The method is poured water and is mainly concentrated on berry expansion period and painted maturing stage.Its irrigation method is: the budding period of being unearthed fills with open pier water 1 time (April 23), irrigating water quota 450m
3/ hm
2, irrigating water quota is 300m afterwards
3/ hm
2, frequency of irrigation 8 times, is followed successively by May 26 (newly slightly vegetative period 1 time); June 23, July 8, July 20, July 29, August 15 (fruit expanding period 5 times); August 29, September 14 (painted maturing stage 2 times), total irrigation norm 2850m
3/ hm
2, young sprout vegetative period, flowering stage, berry expansion period, painted maturing stage soil moisture content lower threshold are followed successively by 55%, 75%, 75%, 65% of field capacity, and the soil moisture content upper limit is followed successively by 80%, 100%, 100%, 90%.
Young sprout vegetative period-maturing stage water-fertilizer integral fertilizer irrigation 4 times, namely young sprout executes nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer 1 time vegetative period, fruit expanding period is nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time (June 23), nitrogen phosphorus 1 time (July 8), potash fertilizer 1 time (July 29) respectively, painted maturing stage potassium application 1 time (August 29), each single-candidate fertilising, adds up to amount of nitrogen 900kg/hm
2, execute phosphorus 600kg/hm
2, execute potassium 450kg/hm
2.
Above-described embodiment is the present invention's preferably embodiment; but embodiments of the present invention are not restricted to the described embodiments; change, the modification done under other any does not deviate from Spirit Essence of the present invention and principle, substitute, combine, simplify; all should be the substitute mode of equivalence, be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (2)
1. an irrigation method for wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality, is characterized in that step is:
(1) grape is north and south row field planting, and its line-spacing is 2.8m, and spacing in the rows is 1m, and grape trellis is single hedge frame, and high 1.2-1.5m, is positioned at vine north, founds concrete column along grape is capable every 5-6m, pull-up 3 road galvanized wire, and it is highly followed successively by 0.6m, 1.0m, 1.5m;
(2) lay irrigate band, adopt a line one pipe control model, namely 1 φ is that the irrigate band of 16mm controls 1 row grape, and irrigate band is internally-inlaid irrigate band, dripping end flow 1.5L/h, dripper spacing 30cm;
(3) wine grape is divided into 30 days 10 days ~ Mays of May in vegetative period of young sprout, 31 days ~ June 15 May setting phase of blooming, berry expansion period 16 ~ August of June 15 and painted 16 days ~ September 25 August in maturing stage breeding time, each phase breeding time soil moisture content lower limit controls threshold value and is followed successively by field capacity (θ
f) 55%, 75%, 75%, 65%, the upper limit control threshold value be followed successively by 80% θ
f, 100% θ
f, 100% θ
f, 90% θ
f;
(4) its irrigation method is: drip irrigation technique is poured water, and when soil moisture content drops to each soil water-physical properties control threshold value breeding time, namely pours water, irrigating water quota 300m
3/ hm
2, after pouring water, soil moisture content reaches the higher limit of control and young sprout vegetative period is 80% θ respectively
f, the phase of bearing fruit of blooming, berry expansion period be 100% θ
f, and the painted maturing stage is 90% θ of field capacity
f;
(5) grape is poured water 9-10 time the time of infertility altogether, opens pier water 1 time containing the filling that applies fertilizer to the subsoil, and all the other irrigation periods are new slightly vegetative period 1 time, fruit expanding period 5-6 time, painted maturing stage 2 times, irrigation norm 2700-3300m
3/ hm
2;
(6) except base fertilizer, grape fertilising breeding time all relies on drip irrigation equipment to carry out water-fertilizer integral irrigation, and apply fertilizer 4 times, namely young sprout executes nitrogen, phosphate fertilizer 1 time vegetative period, fruit expanding period is nitrogen fertilizer application 1 time, nitrogen phosphorus 1 time, potash fertilizer 1 time respectively, painted maturing stage potassium application 1 time.Add up to amount of nitrogen 900kg/hm
2, execute phosphorus 600kg/hm
2execute potassium 450kg/hm
2.
2. the irrigation method of wine grape saving irrigation model high-quality as claimed in claim 1, to characterized by further comprising before step (1) in steps:
Farmyard manure base fertilizer is executed, fertilizing amount 5-7m in the unearthed budding period
3/ mu, fertilization depth 20-50cm, fertilising terminates rear filling and opens Dun Shui ,-25 days on the 23rd April, irrigating water quota 300-450m
3/ hm
2.
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| CN106171830A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae saving irrigation model irrigation method |
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| CN105123425B (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-09-26 | 吉林农业大学 | The facility cultivation method of grape |
| CN105123425A (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2015-12-09 | 吉林农业大学 | Facility cultivation method for grapes |
| CN105638394B (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2019-01-22 | 天津市农业科学院信息研究所 | A kind of intelligent irrigation controller and application method based on the plant time of infertility |
| CN105638394A (en) * | 2016-02-25 | 2016-06-08 | 天津市农业科学院信息研究所 | Intelligent irrigation controller based on whole growth period of plants and using method |
| CN106171830A (en) * | 2016-07-01 | 2016-12-07 | 甘肃农业大学 | A kind of Fructus Cucurbitae moschatae saving irrigation model irrigation method |
| CN108684411A (en) * | 2017-04-05 | 2018-10-23 | 孝感市七彩农业科技有限责任公司 | The implantation methods of grape |
| CN107182419A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-09-22 | 静宁农博生态科技发展有限责任公司 | The drip irrigation system of red grape is irrigated using fishpond waste water quota |
| CN107347585A (en) * | 2017-08-07 | 2017-11-17 | 中国农业科学院果树研究所 | A kind of determination methods of vitis vinifera scientific application of irrigation |
| CN108040563A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2018-05-18 | 万颖 | A kind of grape water and fertilizer irrigation management method |
| CN109997596A (en) * | 2019-04-09 | 2019-07-12 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of cultivation management method promoting grape quality |
| CN110574628B (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2021-10-22 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method |
| CN110574628A (en) * | 2019-10-22 | 2019-12-17 | 中国热带农业科学院南亚热带作物研究所 | Wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method |
| CN111557208A (en) * | 2020-05-25 | 2020-08-21 | 山东省农业科学院农产品研究所 | Accurate water content regulation and control cultivation method applied to wine grapes |
| CN111820066A (en) * | 2020-07-21 | 2020-10-27 | 北京市林业果树科学研究院 | Grape moisture management method based on drip irrigation water supply mode in northern soil-buried cultivation area |
| CN112119728A (en) * | 2020-11-04 | 2020-12-25 | 甘肃省农业科学院经济作物与啤酒原料研究所（甘肃省农业科学院中药材研究所） | Water and fertilizer management method for wine grapes |
| CN112314320A (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2021-02-05 | 宁夏大学 | Loss-adjusting irrigation method for wine grapes in semiarid region |
| CN112314320B (en) * | 2020-11-09 | 2022-02-15 | 宁夏大学 | Loss-adjusting irrigation method for wine grapes in semiarid region |
| CN112586265A (en) * | 2020-12-03 | 2021-04-02 | 扬州大学 | Water-saving irrigation and fruit quality improvement method for grapes |
| CN112930818A (en) * | 2021-01-27 | 2021-06-11 | 新疆水利水电科学研究院 | Irrigation fertilization method for improving grape quality |
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