CN103477934B - Simple, convenient and safety overwintering cultivation method of figs - Google Patents
Simple, convenient and safety overwintering cultivation method of figs Download PDFInfo
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- CN103477934B CN103477934B CN201310446166.1A CN201310446166A CN103477934B CN 103477934 B CN103477934 B CN 103477934B CN 201310446166 A CN201310446166 A CN 201310446166A CN 103477934 B CN103477934 B CN 103477934B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a simple, convenient and safety overwintering cultivation method of figs. The method includes the steps: performing soil preparation, soil improvement and field planting; pruning; applying fertilizers; performing irrigation and the like. A cultivation frame is a 'T'-shaped hedge frame and is high in early yield and beneficial to ventilation of plants, fruits can be sufficiently irradiated by sunlight, and produced fruits are high in sugar degree, fine in coloring, thick in fruit powder and fine in quality. The growth heights and the fruit setting positions of the plants can be controlled by a pruning mode, planting density is increased, the proper number of branches and proper pruning length are determined, the plants are conveniently managed and do not easily suffer from wind chill, and mechanical operation can be performed. By the aid of the technology, the pruning technology of traditional fig production is simplified, the difficulty in pruning, picking and cold protection is overcome, so that planting area is enlarged, and work and labor are saved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to field of plant cultivation, and be specifically related to a kind of time saving and energy saving handy and safe method of overwintering cultivation of fig.
Background technology
Fig (Ficus carica) belongs to Moraceae Ficus, and subtropics machaka or dungarunga, originate in Mediterranean, and being hiddenly born in cryptomere holder because it is spent, is hypanthodium, therefore named fig.Fig imports China into about the Tang Dynasty greatly, about has more than 1300 years so far.The cultivation gross area about 0.35 ten thousand hm in the current whole nation
2, be only equivalent to 1/1220 of apple cultivation area, 1/420 of citrus culture area, belong to one of minimum fruit tree kind of current domestic area under cultivation, Main Cultivation area is Xinjiang, Shandong, Jiangsu, Guangxi, zhejiang and other places.
Fig is not only delicious good to eat, nutritious, really, stem, leaf, root are all containing several amino acids be of value to healthy trace element, vitamin and polysaccharose, also be rich in the materials such as bergapten, psoralen, flavones, in addition in common fig leaf juice, the micronutrient levels such as zinc, iron is also higher, has the effects such as significant inhibiting cancer, reducing blood lipid.
By the restriction of technical conditions, China's fig mostly is scattered cultivation, production also exists following problem: 1) extensive management causes that fruit quality is poor, per unit area yield is low, is difficult to form stay-in-grade commodity fruit; 2) in production, the many employings of fig are tree-like happily, and tree height is large, and the in batches ripe successively and pole not storage tolerance of fig, makes pruning and pluck comparatively difficulty in addition, time-consuming; 3) fig cold resistance is poor, affects by winter low temperature, and need to bury soil at northern fig antifouling, some places bury soil thickness need be deep to 1 meter, and tree body is excessive makes that soil burial winter protection is more difficult to carry out, and restricts its large-scale development.Report at present about fig cultivation comprises: CN101940143A; CN102326489; CN101099440A; Su Shengli, " Fruit Trees in Hebei ", the 5th phase, Blanc Rake fig high-yield cultivation technique etc.But the technology of above-mentioned report not system, and time-consuming.
Summary of the invention
The cultivation method that the handy and safe that the technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is to provide a kind of time saving and energy saving fig is survived the winter.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the cultivation method providing a kind of handy and safe of fig to survive the winter, comprising:
To improve the soil field planting: combine before planting and plough deeply, dig nutrition ditch and improve the soil, many organic fertilizers, every 667m wholely
2execute decomposed manure 300kg, be mixed into urea 11kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 19kg, potassium sulfate 18kg; Select strong sprout that is high more than 1 meter, thick more than 2 ~ 5 centimetres of collar, before planting, shoot root is put into water to soak 24 hours, cave field planting is dug when temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C mid-March, spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 270cm, fills with sufficient water after field planting, then ridging is to nursery stock collar position, then nursery stock is all wrapped up with mulch film, and cover 1 square metre of mulch film centered by trunk;
Pruning: adopt the shaping of T-shape hedge frame, "T"-shaped hedge frame is built by concrete column, galvanized wire, angle bar, hedge frame height 2 meters, concrete column is high 2.5 meters as column, column is buried in the earth 0.5 meter, the angle bar of wide 0.65 meter, 4 cm x 4 centimetres of 1 meter of 1.6 meters, distance ground, 2 meters of crossbearers 2 on column, adjacent upright posts draws 1 No. 12 galvanized wire apart from, 1.2 meters, ground, middle level and upper strata are at angle bar two layback 2 No. 12 galvanized wires, and often the two ends column concrete of row hedge frame or diagonal brace concrete column are fixed; Carry out the local straight snips on distance 3 centimetres, ground when winter pruning winter, clip is coated with carpenter's glue, the tpn 600-800 times liquid of tree body spray 75%, then earth up 7-10 centimetre, remove ridging after separating the winter spring, stay 4 buds to cultivate 4 branches at tree stem during germination, 2, every limit, 25 centimetres one, tie up on iron wire.
Also comprise
Shi Yueba:
(1) topdress: fig topdresses should before young sprout vigorous growth in early spring, the spring fruit, the Xia Guoji autumn fruit carry out before expanding rapidly, the every 667m of fertilizing amount
2urea 13kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12kg, potassium oxide 11kg, must water after fertilising, during fertilising, opens the fertilising of bar ditch apart from trunk 50cm;
(2) top dressing: Growing season carries out top dressing in conjunction with spraying pesticide, the time, growth was in earlier stage to spray nitrogenous fertilizer, and the later stage, to spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, adopts in first 20 days and forbids top dressing before at 10 in the morning and after at 4 in afternoon.
Pour water: frequency of irrigation and period determine according to soil moisture content, comprise water of sprouting, young sprout Fast-growing stage is poured water, the summer fruit expand before pour water, within 1 year, pour water 4 times, loosen the soil in time after pouring water.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the posture of cultivation is "T"-shaped hedge frame, and this posture early yield is high, is conducive to plant ventilation and penetrating light, and fruit can be made fully to be subject to solar radiation, the fruit pol of production high, painted good, fruit powder is thick, product are of fine quality.Pruning pattern provided by the invention can control plant strain growth height and position of bearing fruit, and increases planting density; Determine the branch quantity be suitable for, prune length, be convenient to management, do not subject to chill, and can mechanically actuated be carried out.This technique simplifies the pruning technique that traditional fig is produced, overcome pruning, harvesting, cold-proof not easy-operating difficult point, thus expand planting area, save labor.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the end view of the "T"-shaped hedge frame of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the vertical view of the "T"-shaped hedge frame of the present invention.
The vertical view of Fig. 3 clip.
Design sketch after Fig. 4 has cut.
Embodiment
Below preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, can be easier to make advantages and features of the invention be readily appreciated by one skilled in the art, thus more explicit defining is made to protection scope of the present invention.
The embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Using Blanc Rake as embodiment kind, its cultivation method, comprising:
To improve the soil field planting: combine before planting and plough deeply, dig nutrition ditch and improve the soil, many organic fertilizers, every 667m wholely
2execute decomposed manure 300kg, be mixed into urea 11kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 19kg, potassium sulfate 18kg; Select strong sprout that is high more than 1 meter, thick more than 2 ~ 5 centimetres of collar, before planting, shoot root is put into water to soak 24 hours, cave field planting is dug on March 20th, 2012, spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 270cm, fills with sufficient water after field planting, then ridging is to nursery stock collar position, then nursery stock is all wrapped up with mulch film, and cover 1 square metre of mulch film centered by trunk;
Pruning: adopt the shaping of T-shape hedge frame, "T"-shaped hedge frame is built by concrete column, galvanized wire, angle bar, hedge frame height 2 meters, concrete column is high 2.5 meters as column, column is buried in the earth 0.5 meter, the angle bar of wide 0.65 meter, 4 cm x 4 centimetres of 1 meter of 1.6 meters, distance ground, 2 meters of crossbearers 2 on column, adjacent upright posts draws 1 No. 12 galvanized wire apart from, 1.2 meters, ground, middle level and upper strata are at angle bar two layback 2 No. 12 galvanized wires, and often the two ends column concrete of row hedge frame or diagonal brace concrete column are fixed; Carry out the local straight snips (as Fig. 3,4) on distance 3 centimetres, ground when winter pruning winter, clip is coated with carpenter's glue, the tpn 600-800 times liquid of tree body spray 75%, then earth up 7-10 centimetre, remove ridging after separating the winter spring, stay 4 buds to cultivate 4 branches at tree stem during germination, 2, every limit, 25 centimetres one, tie up on iron wire.
Shi Yueba:
(1) topdress: fig topdresses should before young sprout vigorous growth in early spring, the spring fruit, the Xia Guoji autumn fruit carry out before expanding rapidly, the every 667m of fertilizing amount
2urea 13kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12kg, potassium oxide 11kg, must water after fertilising, during fertilising, opens the fertilising of bar ditch apart from trunk 50cm;
(2) top dressing: Growing season carries out top dressing in conjunction with spraying pesticide, the time, growth was in earlier stage to spray nitrogenous fertilizer, and the later stage, to spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, adopts in first 20 days and forbids top dressing before at 10 in the morning and after at 4 in afternoon.
Pour water: frequency of irrigation and period determine according to soil moisture content, comprise water of sprouting, young sprout Fast-growing stage is poured water, the summer fruit expand before pour water, within 1 year, pour water 4 times, loosen the soil in time after pouring water.
Plastic film covering: the plastic film covering time is different because of area.Occurring more in area of heavy rainfull anthrachose of grape, in order to diseases prevention covers from germination period, in order to prevent and treat bird pest, covering bird prevention net at film with lower part.Film is thrown off after fruit harvesting terminates.
In order to obtain high grade producing, need improve soil, increasing soil fertility.Hillside Di Quan garden, hills is ditching-fertilizing improvement soil year by year, field planting ditch is excavated during field planting, after field planting every year in conjunction with autumn basal dressing in field planting ditch both sides year by year rotation turn over to extending out ditch depth, in ditch, layering mixing applies the organic substances such as straw, fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer, every mu of (666.7 square metres) organic fertilizer 2500kg ~ 3000kg, straw 1500kg ~ 2000kg, superphosphate 50kg.By excavation fertilising, create adapt circumstance to root growth, the shoot growth of plant is healthy and strong, and blade face assimilation is strengthened, and is conducive to the raising of flower_bud formation and output.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby the scope of the claims of the present invention is limited; every utilize description of the present invention to do equivalent structure or equivalent flow process conversion; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. an easy cultivation method for fig, is characterized in that, comprising:
To improve the soil field planting: combine before planting and plough deeply, dig nutrition ditch and improve the soil, many organic fertilizers, every 667m wholely
2execute decomposed manure 300kg, be mixed into urea 11kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 19kg, potassium sulfate 18kg; Select strong sprout that is high more than 1 meter, thick 2 ~ 5 centimetres of collar, before planting, shoot root is put into water to soak 24 hours, cave field planting is dug when temperature is stabilized in more than 10 DEG C mid-March, spacing in the rows 50cm, line-spacing 270cm, fills with sufficient water after field planting, then ridging is to nursery stock collar position, then nursery stock is all wrapped up with mulch film, and cover 1 square metre of mulch film centered by trunk;
Pruning: adopt the shaping of T-shape hedge frame, "T"-shaped hedge frame is built by concrete column, galvanized wire, angle bar, hedge frame height 2 meters, concrete column is high 2.5 meters as column, column is buried in the earth 0.5 meter, the angle bar of wide 0.65 meter, 4 cm x 4 centimetres of 1 meter of 1.6 meters, distance ground, 2 meters of crossbearers 2 on column, adjacent upright posts draws 1 No. 12 galvanized wire apart from, 1.2 meters, ground, middle level and upper strata are at angle bar two layback 2 No. 12 galvanized wires, and often the two ends column concrete of row hedge frame or diagonal brace concrete column are fixed; Carry out the local straight snips on distance 3 centimetres, ground when winter pruning winter, clip is coated with carpenter's glue, the tpn 600-800 times liquid of tree body spray 75%, then earth up 7-10 centimetre, remove ridging after separating the winter spring, stay 4 buds to cultivate 4 branches at tree stem during germination, 2, every limit, 25 centimetres one, tie up on iron wire.
2. the easy cultivation method of fig according to claim 1, is characterized in that, also comprise
Fertilising:
(1) topdress: fig topdresses should before young sprout vigorous growth in early spring, the spring fruit, the Xia Guoji autumn fruit carry out before expanding rapidly, the every 667m of fertilizing amount
2urea 13kg, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 12kg, potassium oxide 11kg, must water after fertilising, during fertilising, opens the fertilising of bar ditch apart from trunk 50cm;
(2) top dressing: Growing season carries out top dressing in conjunction with spraying pesticide, the time, growth was in earlier stage to spray nitrogenous fertilizer, and the later stage, to spray phosphorus, potash fertilizer, adopts in first 20 days and forbids top dressing before at 10 in the morning and after at 4 in afternoon.
3. the easy cultivation method of fig according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, also comprise and pouring water: frequency of irrigation and period determine according to soil moisture content, comprise water of sprouting, young sprout Fast-growing stage is poured water, the summer fruit expand before pour water, within 1 year, pour water 4 times, loosen the soil in time after pouring water.
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| CN201310446166.1A CN103477934B (en) | 2013-09-26 | 2013-09-26 | Simple, convenient and safety overwintering cultivation method of figs |
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| CN103477934B true CN103477934B (en) | 2015-02-04 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN104145761A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽格林亲子农庄有限公司 | Method for lifting and transplanting fig seedlings |
| CN104145763A (en) * | 2014-07-17 | 2014-11-19 | 安徽格林亲子农庄有限公司 | Summer pruning method for fig tree planting |
| CN104255320A (en) * | 2014-09-09 | 2015-01-07 | 黑龙江省科学院自然与生态研究所 | Method for preventing Acer pseudo-sieboldianum plantlet overwintering tip drying |
| CN106171421B (en) * | 2016-07-14 | 2019-11-05 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院园艺研究所 | A kind of cultural method of 1 year both parties in a lawsuit of fig |
| CN106954512A (en) * | 2017-03-28 | 2017-07-18 | 湖南润格莱农业发展有限公司 | A kind of fig high-yield planting method |
| CN107006192A (en) * | 2017-05-31 | 2017-08-04 | 聊城大学 | Fig tree water-fertilizer integral fertilizing method |
| CN109796244A (en) * | 2017-11-16 | 2019-05-24 | 江苏小潘园生态农业科技发展有限公司 | A kind of fig nursery stock contains potassic fertilizer |
| CN109892142A (en) * | 2019-04-19 | 2019-06-18 | 福建省农业科学院果树研究所 | It is suitble to only set the method for drawing branches of the only hut face pergola system of pears of direct motion bracing wire |
| CN113597954A (en) * | 2021-08-09 | 2021-11-05 | 山东景檀新晶农业科技有限公司 | Sunlight greenhouse fig stumping and pruning high-yield cultivation method |
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| US7818915B1 (en) * | 2004-03-05 | 2010-10-26 | The State Of Israel, Ministry Of Agriculture & Rural Development Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center | Culture of edible figs |
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