CN108718852A - A kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden - Google Patents
A kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden Download PDFInfo
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- CN108718852A CN108718852A CN201810352596.XA CN201810352596A CN108718852A CN 108718852 A CN108718852 A CN 108718852A CN 201810352596 A CN201810352596 A CN 201810352596A CN 108718852 A CN108718852 A CN 108718852A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
- A01G13/02—Protective coverings for plants; Coverings for the ground; Devices for laying-out or removing coverings
- A01G13/0256—Ground coverings
- A01G13/0268—Mats or sheets, e.g. nets or fabrics
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of garden building methods in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden.This method includes seven steps such as variety selection, building well, field planting, auxiliary facility construction, grass seeds sowing, the tree-like culture of nursery stock and Cultivate administration.This method uses the Peach cultivars suitable for southern area；Using the tree-like tree-like culture for carrying out peach of double major branch Y-shapeds；It is cultivated using ridging formula garden, and the park building scheme including reasonably devising including gardening cloth, sward and water-fertilizer integral, orchard microclimate can be effectively improved, cloth also solves the problems, such as that needing weeding around tree disk competes to reduce grass with trunk infusion with covering gardening, and pest control greatly reduces, cuts cost of labor that is green and applying fertilizer.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to fruit tree plantation Cultivating techniques fields, and in particular to a kind of southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden is built
Garden method.
Background technology
Peach originates in China, deep always to be liked by our people, and recently as the rise of recreational tourism agricultural, peach is spent with it
Gorgeous colourful, fruit type is enriched and kind is numerous and adaptable, becomes one of preferred seeds of Newly built orchard.
Modern agriculture also results in life while bringing efficient labor productivity and abundant physical product
State crisis, as the soil erosion, chemical fertilizer and pesticide dosage rise, energy crisis is aggravated, environmental pollution.In face of these problems, various countries
Start the new way and new model of exploration agricultural development.The ecological agriculture is the selection of countries in the world, is specified for agricultural development
It is correctly oriented.The drawbacks of ecological agriculture is different from general agricultural, it not only avoids oil-agriculture, and play its superiority.
By applying chemical fertilizer, Sod culture in right amount and using less toxic highly effective pesticide etc., breaking through the limitation of traditional agriculture, but keep it
The fine traditions such as intensive cultivation, application of organic fertilizers.
China at this stage peach garden there are the problem of mainly excessively rely on chemical fertilizer, cause the soil organism to reduce, fruit product
Matter declines；And pest and disease damage occurs seriously, such as peach bleeding disease, peach brown rot and peach leafminer noth harm are increasingly heavier.And orchard is given birth to
Careless method is an advanced, practical, efficient soil management method, and orchard ground cover can improve orchard microclimate：After orchard ground cover,
The annual range of temperature and temperature difference per day that orchard soil can be reduced are conducive to fruit tree root growth and development and liquid manure are absorbed and utilized.Orchard
Sward increases vegetation diversity, provides abundant food, good habitat for natural enemy, also increases to a certain extent
Tolerance of the orchard ecosystem to pesticide expands ecological capacity, forms the comparatively lasting ecosystem in orchard.Fruit
Garden sward has been carried out for many years in states such as America and Europe, Japan, and application is very universal.And it also rests on use in China major part orchard and removes
Careless agent is removed in the out-of-date methods of weeds, is bound to cause the degeneration of soil function in this way, has been upset the balance of orchard ecosystem, is dropped
Resistance of the low orchard to pest and disease damage.
Soil management interplants the total face in orchard of herbage mainly to sow based on herbage covering in American-European and Japan orchard
Product is 55~70% or more.Many countries and regions are widely studied and apply intercropping in garden herbage in the world.And I
The research of herbage is interplanted to fruit-bearing forest by state and application is started late, and major part orchard soil tillage management measure is incomplete at present,
The interplanting of fruit grass is still in experiment and small area applications stage.
The tree-like 3 major branch natural open centre shapes of main use in production of China peach, which is whole
Shape pruning technique is relative complex, and input is artificial larger, and does relatively low do not utilize surely and in the ranks operate.In recent years in southern peach garden
Use peach trunk shape Training system, but it is this it is tree-like be more suitble to the north cool Arid Area of temperature, in southern area growth potential compared with
Prosperous, tree vigo(u)r is difficult to control, and is easy strong up and weak down.Certain southern area also has part orchard using double major branch Y-shaped cultivations, but by
Rainy in southern high-temperature, topography is again based on mountain and hill, and common peasant household is all based on extensive management mode, without fine
The advantage for playing this cultivation mode.
In conclusion being based on defect existing in the prior art, the invention discloses a kind of southern area Labor-saving ecologies
The garden building method in peach garden, this method use double major branch " Y " tree-like Root growths by site test, reasonably with gardening
Cloth, sward and water-fertilizer integral facility can reduce peach garden to greatest extent while reaching construction ecology peach garden purpose
Labor management cost.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of garden building methods in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden.This method can be effectively improved fruit
Garden miniclimate, while solving the problems, such as that needing weeding around tree disk competes to reduce grass with trunk infusion, greatly reduces
Green and fertilising cost of labor is cut in pest control.
In order to achieve the object of the present invention, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme that：
A kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden, this method include variety selection, building well, field planting, match
Cover seven steps such as Facilities Construction, grass seeds sowing, the tree-like culture of nursery stock and Cultivate administration：
(1) variety selection：According to the principle of suitable planting, consider that southern area summer high temperature is rainy, typhoon is multiple；Mainly
Based on the precocious peach veriety of selection.
(2) building well：It first applies fertilizer on planting belt when building well；Soil layer is ploughed deeply again, to improve the fertility of planting belt, after being
Phase sward is prepared；Last ridging carries out prepartion of land, and the centre-height of ridging is 30cm, is extended to both sides in " steamed bun shape ",
Ridge side height is 10cm, and row spacing is 3 meters, stays 1 meter to go for operation between ridge.
(3) it is colonized：Resident time in the fall, prevents root knot before being colonized with K84 or agricultural streptomycin root dipping；Annual peach
When seedling is colonized, first dig out planting pit, backfill 3/5 with top layer mellow soil, then place nursery stock, seedling root is allowed to be unfolded, by organic fertilizer with
Top layer mellow soil is sufficiently mixed, and fills up planting hole, is watered with root water.
(4) auxiliary facility construction：After the completion of field planting, on sapling both sides, it is laid with the gardening ground cloth that width is 1 meter respectively, and
And the drip irrigation zone of a diameter of 25mm is laid with below trunk, mating water-fertilizer integral facility.
(5) grass seeds is sowed：After the completion of peach seedling field planting, in gardening grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in the sward area other than cloth.
(6) the tree-like culture of nursery stock：After transplanted seedling tree, current year heading height is 60~70cm, when the spring, the tip grew to 20cm, choosing
Select it is straggly to life, growing way uniformly, to stretch to 2 young sprouts in the ranks be major branch, pinching control is carried out to remaining young sprout.Two scaffold limb angles
Degree makes its two scaffold limbs angle be grown in 60 ° of angles using the fixation of gardening bamboo pole.2 major branch uniaxial extensions when winter pruning are protected
Hold major branch angle and growth potential；Major branch extends branch and stays 60~70cm cutting backs, and clip bud stays outer bud, within the scope of 30~40cm of top
Do not stay competitive branch.Major branch middle and lower part branch is screened, is mainly selected and remain straggly to the raw first and second secondary major branches, the first pair
Major branch is advisable with 1 meter from the ground, and the second secondary major branch is subject at a distance of first 30~50cm of secondary major branch, and it is inclined can partly to retain the golden mean of the Confucian school
Strong plagiotropic growth is fruitful branch.
Second year after transplanted seedling tree, it is a small amount of as a result, to the fixed gardening bamboo pole of removal in 6~July to have, it is cultivating
Go out on the basis of the on two scaffold limbs first secondary major branch and the second secondary major branch, in addition reselection it is straggly to life, growing way uniformly, stretch to
2 young sprouts in the ranks are the third and fourth secondary major branch, and pinching control is carried out to remaining young sprout.When winter pruning major branch cut and stay 50~
60cm, and the back branch of excessive growth is removed, side branch group is reserved with selection result branch group of waiting for the coming year.
After transplanted seedling tree third year, mainly using first, second and third and fourth officer major branch as trunk branch, all kinds of knots are cultivated on it
Fruit branch group, full tree height control the height in 2.5m~3m, take fall a trimming measure in time, control height.
(7) Cultivate administration：Technical management, water and fertilizer management and pest and disease damage pipe are periodically carried out according to the growth rhythm of precocious peach
Reason.
Preferably, step (1) the mid-early maturity peach veriety includes one or more in red highest-ranking imperial concubine, Chun Mei and brocade perfume.
Preferably, the step (2) select draining is good, soil layer is deep, pH value for 5.5~6.5 subacidity sandy loam
Building well is carried out as planting site to ground or gravel loam.
Preferably, the step (2) by 1500~2000kg of application of organic fertilizers and 200~300kg of calcium superphosphate per acre into
Row fertilising, it is 20~30cm to plough deeply soil thickness.
Preferably, the step (3) digs out length and width, deep respectively 30cm, 30cm, 20cm field planting by seeding row spacing 4m × 4m
Cave, the preceding every plant of application 5kg fully decomposed good organic fertilizers in planting pit of plant.
Preferably, the grass seeds of step (5) selection is：Trifolium repense or clover are mainly characterized by being not easy competing with peach
Fertilizer is striven, the update multiple cropping period is long.The grass seeds sowing time is autumn (or so mid-October), after the completion of peach seedling is colonized, in garden
Skill sward area (2m) other than cloth broadcast sowing grass seeds, sowing quantity is 1 kilogram per acre, after planting 0.5~1cm of earthing, sows range
Pour a water.
The beneficial effects are mainly as follows：
1. using double major branch " Y " tree-like Root growths, the tree-like skeleton is simple, and branch level is few, and tree body anti-loading power is strong,
Using wide row more seedlings mode of planting, the management operation such as branch-finishing and pruning flower and fruit thinning fruit bagging is facilitated to be also beneficial to Machinery for orchard logical
Row, significantly reduces labor intensity, improves efficiency, promotes Labor-saving cultivation, then mating water-fertilizer integral facility,
Cost of labor can be reduced and put into about 425 yuan/mu.
2. 1 meter of covering gardening ground cloth around tree disk, can reduce sward to the consumption of fertilizer and reduce tree 1 meter of range people of disk
About 280 yuan/mu of the cost of work weeding.
3. in tree 1 meter of outer sward of disk, the content of organic matter of soil can be improved, is conserved water and soil, improve orchard microclimate, prevented
Insect pest is controlled, Pesticide use number 1~2 time is reduced, reduce pesticide dosage about 15~20% and reduces waterlogging caused by excessive rain harm.
4. after disposably sowing Trifolium repense or clover, entire Growing season only needs the part of autumn compounding application organic fertilizer
Ploughed deeply, the replay of grass seeds 3~4 years is primary, easy to operate, reduce grass seeds cost and manually cut about 140 yuan of green cost/
Mu.
5. as long as in gardening cloth periphery applies organic fertilizer to annual fertilizing in autumn, reduce and lift film-fertilising-overlay film again
About 40 yuan/mu of cost of labor.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is garden design diagram of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
Following specific examples is the further explanation to method provided by the invention and technical solution, but is not construed as
Limitation of the present invention.
It is the building well of the present embodiment southern area, has summer high temperature rainy, the multiple Meteorological of typhoon.Specifically
Garden design diagram is as shown in Figure 1.Fig. 1 includes planting pit 1, gardening ground cloth 2 (region is shown with shade), drip irrigation zone 3,
Sward area 4 (region is shown with point), drip irrigation zone valve 5, gutter 6.
One, variety selection
The present embodiment selects precocious Peach cultivars red for highest-ranking imperial concubine.
Two, building well
Select that draining is good, soil layer is deep, pH value is built for 5.5~6.5 subacidity sandy loam soil as planting site
Garden, when building well first on planting belt by 200~300kg of 1500~2000kg of application of organic fertilizers and calcium superphosphate per acre；Recruitment again
Journey digging machine ploughs deeply 20~30cm soil layers, to improve the fertility of planting belt, prepares for later stage sward；Utilizing works digging machine ridging,
Prepartion of land is carried out, the centre-height of ridging is 30cm, is extended to both sides in " steamed bun shape ", ridge side height is 10cm, and row spacing f is
3 meters, it is 1 meter that row e is operated between ridge.
Three, it is colonized
Resident time in the fall, prevents root knot before being colonized with K84 root dippings；When the field planting of annual peach seedling, first press spacing in the rows a and
Line-spacing b is that 4m digs out length and width, deep respectively 30cm, 30cm, 20cm planting pit 1, and every plant of application 5kg is fully decomposed good to be had
Machine fertilizer when plant, backfills 3/5 with top layer mellow soil, then place nursery stock, allows seedling root to be unfolded as possible, then by organic fertilizer and surface layer
Mellow soil is sufficiently mixed, and fills up planting hole, is watered with root water.
Four, auxiliary facility construction
After the completion of field planting, on sapling both sides, with being laid with the gardening that width c is 1 meter respectively cloth 2, and spread below trunk
If the drip irrigation zone 3 of a diameter of 25mm, mating water-fertilizer integral facility, close to 6 side of gutter planting pit 1 from gutter 6
Distance g is 2 meters.
Five, grass seeds is sowed
The grass seeds of selection is：Trifolium repense.The grass seeds sowing time is autumn (or so mid-October), is colonized and completes in peach seedling
Afterwards, i.e., grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in the sward area 4 in gardening other than cloth, and sward sector width d is 2 meters, and sowing quantity is 1 kilogram per acre, sowing
0.5~1cm of earthing afterwards, sowing range pour a water.
Six, the tree-like culture of nursery stock
After transplanted seedling tree, current year heading height is 60~70cm, when the spring, the tip grew to 20cm, is selected straggly to life, growing way
Uniformly, 2 young sprouts stretched in the ranks are major branch, and pinching control is carried out to remaining young sprout.Two scaffold limb angles use gardening bamboo pole
It is fixed that its two scaffold limbs angle is made to be grown in 60 ° of angles.2 major branch uniaxial extensions when winter pruning keep major branch angle and life
Growing way；Major branch extends branch and 60~70cm cutting backs, clip bud is stayed to stay outer bud, competitive branch is not stayed within the scope of 30~40cm of top.It is right
Major branch middle and lower part branch is screened, and mainly selects and remain straggly to the raw first and second secondary major branches, and the first secondary major branch is with from the ground 1
Meter Wei Yi, the second secondary major branch are subject at a distance of first 30~50cm of secondary major branch, and can partly retain the partially strong plagiotropic growth of the golden mean of the Confucian school is
Fruitful branch.
Second year after transplanted seedling tree, it is a small amount of as a result, to the fixed gardening bamboo pole of removal in 6~July to have, it is cultivating
Go out on the basis of the on two scaffold limbs first secondary major branch and the second secondary major branch, in addition reselection it is straggly to life, growing way uniformly, stretch to
2 young sprouts in the ranks are the third and fourth secondary major branch, and pinching control is carried out to remaining young sprout.When winter pruning major branch cut and stay 50~
60cm, and the back branch of excessive growth is removed, side branch group is reserved with selection result branch group of waiting for the coming year.
After transplanted seedling tree third year, mainly using first, second and third and fourth officer major branch as trunk branch, all kinds of knots are cultivated on it
Fruit branch group, full tree height control the height in 2.5m~3m, take fall a trimming measure in time, control height.
Seven, Cultivate administration
Main point technology at planting, water and fertilizer management and pest management etc. in the present embodiment, can be according to production management Zhou Nianli (tables
1) come carry out.
1 southern area precocity peach Cultivate administration Zhou Nianli of table
Eight, conclusion
The present invention is tree-like using peach " Y ", with being equipped with gardening cloth, sward and water-fertilizer integral facility, with traditional peach garden phase
It is more annual than the present invention save 15~20% pesticide cost, remove the relevant cost of labor of sward, it is total to save cost of labor about
382 yuan/mu, to achieve the purpose that Labor-saving building well.
Claims (6)
1. a kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden, which is characterized in that this method includes variety selection, builds
Seven steps such as garden, field planting, auxiliary facility construction, grass seeds sowing, the tree-like culture of nursery stock and Cultivate administration：
(1) variety selection：Peach garden variety selection precocity peach class；
(2) building well：It first applies fertilizer on planting belt when building well；Soil layer is ploughed deeply again, to improve the fertility of planting belt；Finally rise
Ridge carries out prepartion of land, and the centre-height of ridging is 30cm, is extended to both sides in " steamed bun shape ", ridge side height is 10cm, row spacing
It is 3 meters, stays 1 meter to go for operation between ridge；
(3) it is colonized：Resident time in the fall, prevents root knot before being colonized with K84 or agricultural streptomycin root dipping；Annual peach seedling is fixed
When plant, planting pit is first dug out, when plant, backfill 3/5 with top layer mellow soil, then place nursery stock, allow seedling root to be unfolded, by organic fertilizer
It is sufficiently mixed with top layer mellow soil, fills up planting hole, be watered with root water；
(4) auxiliary facility construction：After the completion of field planting, on sapling both sides, it is laid with the gardening ground cloth that width is 1 meter respectively, and
The drip irrigation zone of a diameter of 25mm, mating water-fertilizer integral facility are laid with below trunk；
(5) grass seeds is sowed：After the completion of peach seedling field planting, in gardening grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in the sward area other than cloth；
(6) the tree-like culture of nursery stock：After transplanted seedling tree, current year heading height is 60~70cm, and when the spring, the tip grew to 20cm, selection is wrong
It falls to life, growing way is uniform, stretches to 2 young sprouts in the ranks for major branch, to the progress pinching control of remaining young sprout.Two scaffold limb angles make
Being fixed with gardening bamboo pole makes its two scaffold limbs angle be grown in 60 ° of angles；2 major branch uniaxial extensions when winter pruning keep master
Branch angle and growth potential；Major branch extends branch and 60~70cm cutting backs, clip bud is stayed to stay outer bud, do not stayed within the scope of 30~40cm of top
Competitive branch；Major branch middle and lower part branch is screened, select and remain it is straggly to the raw first and second secondary major branches, the first secondary major branch with from
1 meter of ground is advisable, and the second secondary major branch is subject at a distance of first 30~50cm of secondary major branch, and part retains the partially strong plagiotropic growth of the golden mean of the Confucian school and is
Fruitful branch；
Second year after transplanted seedling tree, the fixed gardening bamboo pole of removal in 6~July, first on having turned out two scaffold limbs
On the basis of secondary major branch and the second secondary major branch, in addition reselection it is straggly to life, growing way uniformly, 2 young sprouts stretching in the ranks be the
Three and fourth officer major branch, pinching control is carried out to remaining young sprout.Major branch, which is cut, when winter pruning stays 50~60cm, and to back excessive growth
Branch is removed, and reserves side branch group with selection result branch group of waiting for the coming year.
After transplanted seedling tree third year, mainly using first, second and third and fourth officer major branch as trunk branch, all kinds of fruitful branches are cultivated on it
Group, full tree height control the height in 2.5m~3m.
(7) Cultivate administration：Technical management, water and fertilizer management and pest management are periodically carried out according to the growth rhythm of precocious peach.
2. a kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step (1) mid-early maturity peach veriety includes one or more in red highest-ranking imperial concubine, Chun Mei and brocade perfume.
3. a kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step (2) select draining is good, soil layer is deep, pH value for 5.5~6.5 subacidity sandy loam soil or gravel loam as planting
It plants ground and carries out building well.
4. a kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step (2) is applied fertilizer by 1500~2000kg of application of organic fertilizers per acre and 200~300kg of calcium superphosphate, ploughs deeply soil thickness
For 20~30cm.
5. a kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step (3) digs out length and width, deep respectively 30cm, 30cm, 20cm planting pit by seeding row spacing 4m × 4m, before plant in planting pit
Every plant applies 5kg fully decomposed good organic fertilizers.
6. a kind of garden building method in southern area Labor-saving ecology peach garden according to claim 1, which is characterized in that described
Step (5) select grass seeds be：Trifolium repense or clover, grass seeds sowing time are autumn (or so mid-October), fixed in peach seedling
After the completion of plant, in gardening grass seeds is broadcasted sowing in the sward area (2m) other than cloth, per acre sowing quantity be 1 kilogram, after planting earthing 0.5~
1cm, sowing range pour a water.
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| CN115443848A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-09 | 上海科立特农科（集团）有限公司 | Orchard rebuilding by using raw soil and method for improving waterlogging resistance of orchard |
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| CN115443848A (en) * | 2022-10-27 | 2022-12-09 | 上海科立特农科（集团）有限公司 | Orchard rebuilding by using raw soil and method for improving waterlogging resistance of orchard |
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Application publication date: 20181102 |