CN110574628A - Water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere, belonging to the technical field of agricultural planting. The planting method comprises the following steps: controlling the coincidence degree of the wet front and the absorption root of the plant to be 85-100% during each irrigation, dividing 14-20 times of irrigation in the plant growth cycle, increasing the irrigation amount in the vegetative-flowering period, and fruit development Increase the amount of irrigation first, and reduce the amount of irrigation after reaching the peak irrigation period, re-irrigate 1-4 times before overwintering, and freeze to preserve moisture. This method adopts a brand-new irrigation theory-wetting front and rhizosphere theory, that is, the wet zone of drip irrigation is consistent with the height of the root circle, the irrigation process and the root absorption interface are unified, the water supply is matched with the plant root absorption, and the biological absorption is maximized. Optimal effect, avoid water deficit and excess, improve water use efficiency, so as to meet the goal of water saving and obtain the most suitable yield.

Description

Water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of agricultural planting, in particular to a water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere.

Background technique

As an important agricultural natural resource, water resource restricts the development of regional agriculture, maintains the agricultural ecosystem and food safety production, and plays a decisive role in crop yield. Due to population growth and economic and social development, the increase in the use of water resources has reduced the potential use of fresh water resources in the world, and the contradiction between supply and demand has become prominent. my country is one of the countries with severe water shortages in the world, and water resources are unevenly distributed in time and space, and pollution and waste are serious. In 2010, the national agricultural irrigation water utilization coefficient reached 0.5, which is far lower than that of developed countries (0.70-0.80). Therefore, developing water-saving irrigation methods and researching water-saving irrigation technology is the most effective way to solve the contradiction between the increase of population and the decrease of cultivated land in our country.

On the one hand, water resources are extremely precious. Taking Turpan, Xinjiang as an example, the average annual precipitation is only 10-50mm, while the annual evaporation capacity is as high as 3000mm, and the relative air humidity is only 30-40% all the year round, which is an extremely arid area; Great waste of water resources, taking Xinjiang as an example, using flood irrigation, the average irrigation quota is as high as 1000-1500m ³ /mu; using border irrigation, the irrigation quota is reduced to 800-1000m ³ /mu; using furrow irrigation, the irrigation quota is reduced to 600 -800m ³ /mu; using drip irrigation, the irrigation quota is reduced to 300-500m ³ /mu, when the irrigation volume drops to 300-500m ³ /mu, how to obtain the best economic yield, the best water use efficiency is the key.

Contents of the invention

Based on this, it is necessary to address the above problems and provide a water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere. Using this method instead can make full use of water resources, reduce the amount of irrigation, and link water-saving technology with economic output to maximize water resources. savings.

A water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere, comprising the following steps;

Control the coincidence degree of the wet front and the absorption root of the plant to be 85-100% during each irrigation, divide the irrigation into 14-20 times during the plant growth cycle, increase the irrigation amount during the nutrition-flowering period, and increase the irrigation amount first during the fruit development period. After reaching the peak irrigation period, reduce the amount of irrigation, re-irrigate 1-4 times before overwintering, and freeze to preserve moisture.

The above-mentioned planting method controls the overlap between the wetting front and the absorbing root to reach 85-100%, and the amount of drip irrigation needs to match the development process of the root system of the grape to achieve the purpose of water saving. In the process of plant growth, the root circle formed by root development gradually increases, and then the absorbing root reaches the maximum critical value in the early stage of fruit development, and then the absorbing root gradually begins to senile and die, and the root circle gradually shrinks. During the hibernation period, the supporting root is the main the process of. According to the growth law of the root system, according to this, the drip irrigation wetting front of the present invention has a process of gradually increasing, and the irrigation amount also gradually increases. After reaching the critical value, the drip irrigation wetting front gradually decreases, and the irrigation amount also gradually decreases; Pouring with frozen water before the wintering period.

Moreover, the inventors have found that the wetting front cannot coincide too low with the rhizosphere, causing a water deficit; nor can it exceed the rhizosphere, resulting in surplus waste; test results show that the coincidence degree of the wetting front and the rhizosphere reaches 85-100% , with the highest water use efficiency.

In one of the embodiments, the planting method is used for drip irrigation to plant grapes older than 5 years old. This method is used to drip-irrigate vineyards that are more than 5 years old and enter the full-fruit period. The orchard during the full-fruit period adopts fan-shaped pruning with multi-dragon poles. The ratio of fruiting branches to vegetative branches is 2:1, which has a good planting effect.

In one of the embodiments, the row spacing of the grapes is (0.4-0.6)×(3-4) m, and 350-400 plants are planted per mu.

In one of the embodiments, each vine of the grapes is controlled to have 8-10 ears, and each fruiting branch has one ear.

In one of the embodiments, the total irrigation amount is 350-500m ³ /mu, 2-5 times of irrigation during the nutrition-flowering period, and the irrigation amount is gradually increased, and the irrigation amount is 10-20m ³ /time, and 8 times of irrigation during the fruit development period. -12 times, the irrigation volume is gradually increased, and the irrigation volume is ^25-40m3 /time. After reaching the peak irrigation period, the irrigation volume is gradually reduced. The irrigation volume is 38-45m ³ /time.

In one of the embodiments, the irrigation peak period is the grape veraison period.

In one of the examples, nutrition--irrigating 4 times during the flowering period, the irrigation volume is 10-20m ³ /time, and 10 times during the fruit development period, and the irrigation volume is increased from 25m ³ /time to 40m ³ /time during the peak irrigation period , the last irrigation volume was reduced to 10m ³ /time, and the irrigation volume was 38-45m ³ /time before overwintering twice.

In one of the embodiments, April 10 to May 20 is the vegetative-flowering period, irrigated once every 10 days; June 10 to September 20 is the fruit development period, irrigated 1 time every 10 days. times (specifically, April 15th, April 25th, May 5th, May 15th); October 10th to October 20th is before wintering, irrigated once every 5 days.

The above-mentioned nutrition-during the flowering period or fruit development period, you can choose the time to start irrigation according to the specific situation, and irrigate once every 10 days during the period. During the nutrition-flowering period, you can start from April 15th and irrigate once every 10 days. That is, April 15th, April 25th, May 5th, and May 15th were irrigated once, a total of 4 times; it is understandable that during the fruit development period, the time to start irrigation can also be selected according to the specific situation. Irrigate once a day, 10 times in total.

In one of the embodiments, the vegetative—increased irrigation amount at the flowering stage is 2-4m ^{3 /time, and before the irrigation peak period in the fruit development period, the increased irrigation amount is 3-6m 3 /} time, After the peak irrigation period of the fruit development period, the irrigation amount is reduced by 5-10m ³ /time.

The invention also discloses the application of the above-mentioned wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method in grape planting.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

A water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere of the present invention adopts a brand-new irrigation theory-wetting front meets rhizosphere theory, that is, the drip irrigation wet zone is consistent with the height of the rhizosphere, the irrigation process and the root system absorption interface are unified, and the water supply It matches the absorption of plant roots, exerts the best effect of biological absorption, avoids water deficit and excess, and improves water use efficiency, so as to meet the goals of water saving and obtaining the most suitable yield. Compared with the traditional irrigation amount, the fruit obtained by the moist rhizosphere water-saving planting method of the present invention has the advantages of a significant increase in single grain weight, ear weight and yield per mu, with an increase of 14%-64% and an average increase of 30-42%. The economic benefit per mu is 1320-2895 yuan. Moreover, the appearance quality of the produced grapes is better, which increases the commercial rate; the fruit hardness increases, and the storage period is prolonged; the soluble solids increase, and the fruit flavor is better.

This method links water-saving technology with economic output, maximizes the saving of water resources, and provides ideas for innovative oasis irrigation agriculture, which is expected to bring about a revolution in irrigation theory and technology. Moreover, the technical theory of this method is easy to understand, the method is simple and practical, and it is easy to popularize.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the coincidence degree of the wetting front and the absorption root of the plant;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the moist rhizome during the grape growth process in Example 1.

Detailed ways

In order to facilitate the understanding of the present invention, the present invention will be described more fully below with reference to the associated drawings. Preferred embodiments of the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings. However, the present invention can be embodied in many different forms and is not limited to the embodiments described herein. On the contrary, these embodiments are provided to make the understanding of the disclosure of the present invention more thorough and comprehensive.

Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the technical field of the invention. The terms used herein in the description of the present invention are for the purpose of describing specific embodiments only, and are not intended to limit the present invention. As used herein, the term "and/or" includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.

Example 1

A water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere, comprising the following steps;

1. Application objects.

This method is applied to drip irrigation for vineyards in the Hami area of Xinjiang, which are more than 5 years old, and in this vineyard, the row spacing of grape planting plants is 0.5×3.5m, and 380 grape planting plants are planted per mu.

During the grape fruit development period, each vine of the grapes is controlled to be 8-10 ears, and each fruiting branch has one ear fruit.

2. Irrigation methods.

1. Wetting front control.

The coincidence degree of the wetting front and the absorbing root of the plant is controlled to be 85-100% during each irrigation. The coincidence degree of above-mentioned wetting front and plant absorption root is as shown in Figure 1, and in Figure 1, shaded circle represents actual irrigation amount, and solid circle represents the irrigation range that the present invention wants to reach. A represents the root system of the plant, B represents insufficient irrigation and water deficit; C represents the situation where the coincidence degree of the wetting front and the absorption root of the plant is close to 100%; D represents the coincidence degree of the wetting front and the absorption root of the plant exceeds 100%, and the irrigation is excessive, The condition of excess moisture.

2. Specific irrigation methods.

The total irrigation amount is 390-410m ³ /mu; divided into 14-20 times of irrigation, the irrigation amount is gradually increased during the nutrition-flowering stage, and the irrigation amount is gradually increased during the fruit development stage. After reaching the peak, the irrigation amount is gradually reduced. Irrigate 1-4 times, freeze and preserve moisture, as follows:

The entire growth period of grapes is 190 days, starting from the germination period on April 10 and ending on May 20, which is the nutrition-flowering period, irrigated once every 10 days, starting from April 15, irrigated once every 10 days , i.e. April 15th, April 25th, May 5th, and May 15th, irrigated once respectively, a total of 4 times, the first irrigation volume was 10m ³ /time, each time increased by 2-4m ³ /time, and the last time The irrigation volume is 20m ³ /time; from June 10th to September 20th is the fruit development period, irrigate once every 10 days, the first irrigation volume is 25m ³ /time, increase 3-6m ³ /time each time, until the grape The veraison period reaches 40m ³ /time, and then reduces 5-10m ³ /time each time, until the last irrigation volume before harvest drops to 10m ³ /time; October 10th to October 20th is before wintering, every 5 Irrigate once a day, and the irrigation volume is 38-45m ³ /time.

Using the above method for irrigation, the schematic diagram of the wet root circumference during the grape growth process is shown in Figure 2, that is, the wet area is adjusted with the development of the root circumference during the grape growth process, and the coincidence degree of the two is the same. Schematic diagram of the amount of irrigation in the vegetative period, flowering period, and fruit development period.

Example 2

A water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere, irrigated according to the method in Example 1, planted, and compared in parallel.

Example 3

A water-saving planting method with moist rhizosphere, irrigated according to the method in Example 1, planted, and compared in parallel.

Example 4

Set up treatment group according to the method of embodiment 1-3, implement the wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method of the present invention, and set control group at the same time, the average yield of harvest period statistics.

The control group was irrigated according to the following method (drip irrigation): five key waters such as irrigation budding, pre-flowering, fruit expansion, fruit coloring, overwintering, etc. during the whole growth period, and the irrigation volumes of the five key periods of the control 1 and 2 treatments were 90-120, 30 , 130-150, 30, 60m ³ /mu, and the irrigation amount in the five key periods of the control 3 treatment was 120, 30, 180, 30, 50-70m ³ /mu.

The results are shown in the table below:

Table 1 Effect of different irrigation and water-saving technologies on grape yield

deal with Total irrigation volume m³/mu Single grain weight (g) Ear weight (g) Yield per mu (kg/mu) Control 1 340-360 4.01 580.5 1610.57 Control 2 370-390 4.08 630.5 1771.37 Example 1 390-410 4.19 723.3 1874.18 Example 2 390-410 4.7 808.1 2024.79 Example 3 390-410 4.96 957.2 2189.59 Control 3 410-430 4.11 634.2 1795.94

From the above results, it can be seen that compared with the contrast (traditional irrigation amount of local farmers), the grapes obtained by the moist rhizosphere water-saving planting method of the present invention have a significant increase in single grain weight, ear weight and yield per mu, with an increase of up to 100%. 14%-64%, the average yield increase is 30-42%, and the economic benefit per mu is 1320-2895 yuan.

Table 2 Effects of different irrigation and water-saving technologies on grape quality

It can be seen from the above results that compared with the control (traditional irrigation amount of local farmers), the appearance quality of grapes produced by the wet rhizosphere water-saving technology is better, which increases the commercial rate; the fruit hardness increases and the storage period is prolonged; the soluble The solid shape increases, and the fruit flavor is better.

The various technical features of the above-mentioned embodiments can be combined arbitrarily. To make the description concise, all possible combinations of the various technical features in the above-mentioned embodiments are not described. However, as long as there is no contradiction in the combination of these technical features, should be considered as within the scope of this specification.

The above-mentioned embodiments only express several implementation modes of the present invention, and the descriptions thereof are relatively specific and detailed, but should not be construed as limiting the patent scope of the invention. It should be pointed out that those skilled in the art can make several modifications and improvements without departing from the concept of the present invention, and these all belong to the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the patent for the present invention should be based on the appended claims.

Claims (10)

1. A wet root-enclosure water-saving planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps;

Controlling the contact ratio of the wetting front and the plant absorption root to be 85-100% in each irrigation, carrying out 14-20 times of irrigation in the plant growth period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the nutrition-flowering period, increasing the irrigation quantity in the fruit development period, reducing the irrigation quantity after reaching the irrigation peak value, re-irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, and sealing and freezing to preserve soil moisture.

2. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 1, wherein the planting method is used for planting grapes growing over 5 years by drip irrigation.

3. the wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the row spacing of the planted grape plants is (0.4-0.6) × (3-4) m, and the land planted grape plants are 350-400 plants.

4. The water-saving planting method for the wet rhizosphere according to claim 3, wherein the grapes are controlled to have 8-10 ears per vine and one ear per bearing branch.

5. The water-saving planting method for wet rhizosphere according to claim 3, wherein the total irrigation amount is 350-500m³Irrigating for 2-5 times per mu in the nutrient-flowering period, wherein the irrigation quantity is gradually increased and is 10-20m³Irrigating for 8-12 times in fruit development period, and gradually increasing irrigation amount of 25-40m³Once, after reaching the peak period of irrigation, the irrigation quantity is gradually reduced, and the last irrigation quantity before harvesting is reduced to 10m³Irrigating for 1-4 times before overwintering, wherein the irrigation amount is 38-45m³Once per time.

6. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 5, wherein the irrigation peak period is a grape color-changing period.

7. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 5, wherein the nutrition-flowering period is irrigated for 4 times, and the irrigation amount is 10-20m³Irrigating for 10 times in the fruit development period, wherein the irrigation amount is 25m³Increased to irrigation peak period of 40m³The irrigation amount of the last time is reduced to 10m³Irrigating for 2 times before overwintering, wherein the irrigation amount is 38-45m³Once per time.

8. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method according to claim 5, wherein 10 to 20 days 4 to 5 months per year is a nutrition-flowering period, and irrigation is performed 1 time every 10 days; irrigating for 1 time every 10 days, wherein the fruit development period is from 6 months and 10 days to 9 months and 20 days; irrigating for 1 time every 5 days before overwintering for 10 months and 10 days to 10 months and 20 days.

9. The wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method for the plants according to claim 5, wherein the increase of the irrigation amount in the nutrition-flowering period is 2-4m³The increase value of irrigation quantity before the irrigation peak period of the fruit development period is 3-6m³The reduction of irrigation quantity is 5-10m after the peak irrigation period of the fruit development period³Once per time.

10. use of the wet rhizosphere water-saving planting method of any one of claims 1 to 9 in grape planting.