CN105123425B - The facility cultivation method of grape - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a protected cultivation method of grapes. In order to overcome the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and poor air permeability of rhizosphere soil in the existing grape cultivation technology, the steps of the protected cultivation method of grapes are as follows: 1. Preparation of a cultivation shed/greenhouse; 2. Seedling planting: The time for planting seedlings is appropriate in spring. Select robust seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6cm, and the number of full buds ≥ 4 to determine the value. The plant spacing is 0.8m, and the row spacing is 1.5m; 3 .Set up the irrigation system: 1) Install the first hub of the irrigation system; 2) Build the drip irrigation system in the cultivation shed; 3) Connect the first hub of the irrigation system with the drip irrigation system; 4. Water and fertilizer management; 5. Temperature management: daytime in the cultivation shed/greenhouse The temperature is 23-28°C, and the nighttime temperature is 15-20°C; during frost, the soil surface can be covered with a layer of straw or grass curtain with a thickness of 5cm; 6. Plastic pruning; 7. Disease control; 8. Supplement the corn stalk substrate.

Description

The protected cultivation method of grapes

technical field

The invention relates to a cultivation method belonging to the technical field of agricultural production, more precisely, the invention relates to a grape cultivation method under protected conditions.

Background technique

Grape (Vitis vinifera L.) is a deciduous vine belonging to the family Vitaceae (Vitis). Its fruit has a unique flavor, rich in vitamins and organic acids, and has good nutritional and health functions. According to statistics from the Ministry of Agriculture, in 2002 my country's grape cultivation area reached 392.4 thousand hectares, with an output of 4.48 million tons, ranking fifth in the world's grape production. In recent years, with the adjustment of the agricultural industrial structure and the continuous development of the agricultural product processing industry, the market demand for grapes has gradually increased, and the area of grape cultivation in my country has shown an obvious growth trend, especially the area of protected grape cultivation has increased significantly.

The growth and development of the grape root system requires loose soil and good air permeability, which is extremely sensitive to the damage of soil compaction. The main manifestations are: soil compaction makes soil air permeability worse, which not only directly affects the growth and development of grape root systems, but also soil compaction will worsen the growth environment of soil microorganisms, further affecting mycorrhizae (formed by the combination of plant roots and fungi). symbiont) and the mutually beneficial symbiotic effect, which in turn affects the yield and quality of grapes.

The soil compaction of facilities is mainly caused by secondary salinization of soil and unreasonable irrigation. In the process of protected cultivation, unreasonable fertilization is an important cause of secondary salinization of soil. Therefore, how to scientifically fertilize and rationally irrigate is a technical problem that needs to be solved urgently in the protected cultivation of grapes.

At present, in the process of grape cultivation, flood irrigation and sprinkler irrigation are mainly used for irrigation. The disadvantages of these above-ground irrigation methods are:

1. The evaporation of ground water is large, the water use efficiency is low, and the loss of fertilizer is serious;

2. The soil surface is in a wet state for a long time, not only the shed temperature and ground temperature drop too fast, but also the evaporation increases, and the indoor humidity is too high, which easily leads to the occurrence of diseases;

3. Ground irrigation consumes a lot of water, and the large amount of irrigation water will destroy the aggregate structure of the soil, making the soil compaction and air permeability worse, thereby reducing the soil oxygen content, which not only directly endangers the growth and development of grape roots, but also reduces soil oxygen deficiency. The activity of soil microorganisms, and then affect the formation of grape mycorrhizal and mutualistic symbiotic effects.

Therefore, in the process of protected cultivation of grapes, scientific fertilization and rational irrigation are of great significance to improve the yield and quality of grapes, and are directly related to their production benefits.

Contents of the invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to overcome the problems of low water and fertilizer utilization efficiency and poor air permeability of rhizosphere soil in the existing viticulture technology, and provide a protected cultivation method for grapes.

In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is achieved by adopting the following technical solutions: the steps of the protected cultivation method for grapes are as follows:

1) Preparation of cultivation shed/greenhouse;

2) Seedling planting;

3) Build an irrigation system:

The irrigation system includes the first hub of the irrigation system and the drip irrigation pipeline system;

(1) Install the first hub of the irrigation system:

The first hub of the irrigation system includes a water pump, a return pipe, a No. 1 valve, a pressure gauge, a flow meter, a No. 2 valve, a No. 3 valve, a No. 4 valve, a Venturi fertilizer suction device, a fertilizer bucket, a filter and a main pipe. The upper end of the No. 1 valve in the irrigation system is connected to the lower end of the return pipe, the lower end of the No. 1 valve is connected to the output port of the water pump through the pipe, and the lower end of the No. 1 valve is connected to the left end of the flow meter through the pipe and the input port of the pressure gauge. , the right end of the flowmeter is connected with the pipe and the left end of No. 2 valve and the upper end of No. 3 valve, the right end of No. 2 valve and the upper end of No. 4 valve are connected with the left end of the filter, and the right end of the filter is connected with the left end of the main pipe Connection; the lower end of the No. 3 valve is connected to the left end pipeline of the Venturi fertilizer suction device, the lower end of the No. 4 valve is connected to the right end pipeline of the Venturi fertilizer suction device, and the third port of the Venturi fertilizer suction device is connected to the fertilizer bucket pipeline connect;

(2) Build the drip irrigation pipeline system in the cultivation shed:

After the seedlings are planted, dig grooves and lay pipes. On both sides of the planting belt, dig out a pipe-laying groove with a depth of 8-10 cm and a width of 12-16 cm. The longitudinal symmetrical center of the pipe-laying groove is 15 cm away from the planting belt. After digging the pipe-laying groove, fill the crushed corn straw matrix with a length of 1.5-2.5cm in the pipe-laying groove first, and then lay the drip irrigation capillary along the length of the pipe-laying groove, and finally in the pipe-laying groove The top of the plastic film is covered with a layer of plastic film along the length direction, and the edge of the plastic film is compacted with soil;

(3) The first hub of the irrigation system is connected to the drip irrigation pipeline system:

Connect the main pipe of the head hub of the irrigation system with the branch pipe in the drip irrigation system through the three-way connector, and then connect the branch pipe with the drip irrigation capillary with the same structure;

4) Water and fertilizer management:

(1) Soil moisture management

The grape field is irrigated by micro-drip irrigation under mulch: in the year when the seedlings are planted, the relative humidity of the soil is controlled at 65% to 75%; when the tree body enters the fruit production stage, the relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 65% to 70% before fruit setting. %; After the young fruit begins to expand, the relative humidity of the root zone soil is kept at 70% to 80%; when the fruit starts to color, the water supply should be appropriately reduced, and the relative humidity of the root zone soil is kept at 60% to 70%;

(2) Fertilization management

a. Use a Venturi fertilizer suction device for liquid fertilization. When fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are used in combination. According to the characteristics of the fertilizer required for grape growth and development, variable fertilization is carried out. In the year when the seedlings are planted, fertilization is carried out for a long time when the new shoots are flourishing , the ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is 2:1:1, and the application amount of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is 4.5kg;

B. The tree body enters the fruit-producing stage, and fertilizes in the four stages of new shoot growth stage, young fruit expansion stage, fruit coloring stage and fruit harvesting, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium three kinds of fertilizers are used together during fertilization;

5) Temperature management;

6) Plastic pruning;

7) Prevention and treatment of diseases;

8) Supplement the corn stalk matrix:

Since part of the corn stalk substrate will decompose during the cultivation process, during the dormant period of the grapes every year, the plastic film is uncovered and an appropriate amount of corn stalk substrate is added to the pipe laying tank. Then cover the plastic film and compact the edges of the plastic film with soil.

The preparation of the cultivation shed/greenhouse described in the technical proposal refers to: 1) Select the soil with loose soil quality, good air permeability, pH value of 5.6-7.8, and organic matter content of not less than 5% as the cultivation site; 2) a single cultivation shed The area of the greenhouse is 550-750 square meters. Each cultivation shed/greenhouse is equipped with a water storage tank with a volume of 8-12m ³ . One year before the seedlings are planted, decomposed horse manure and peat are applied to the soil in the shed and deep plowed 1,500kg and 500kg of horse manure and peat were applied to every 667 square meters of soil, and the depth of deep plowing was 25-30cm.

The planting of seedlings mentioned in the technical plan refers to: the time for planting seedlings is appropriate in spring, select healthy seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6cm, and the number of full buds ≥ 4 to set the value, and the plant spacing is 0.8-1.0 m, and the line spacing is 1.5-1.8m.

The temperature management described in the technical proposal refers to: after the grapes germinate, the temperature in the cultivation shed/greenhouse is controlled at 23-28°C during the day, and when the temperature is higher than 32°C, timely ventilation and cooling are carried out; the temperature in the cultivation shed/greenhouse is controlled at night. At 15-20°C; during frost, cover the soil surface with a layer of straw or straw curtains with a thickness of 5cm.

The plastic pruning described in the technical scheme refers to:

(1) Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Carry out after plant germination, erase double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds; when setting shoots, leave fruiting branches to remove developed branches, and leave strong branches to remove weak ones;

(2) Tie the tip and remove the beard

When the new shoot grows to 25cm, tie the shoot in time, and remove the tendrils on the new shoot while tying the shoot;

(3) New shoot topping and auxiliary shoot treatment

The auxiliary shoots below the ear are removed from the base, 2 leaves are left for the auxiliary shoots above the ear, and 5 leaves are left on the uppermost ear;

(4) Winter pruning

Leave a fruiting mother branch every 25-35cm on the main vine, and the fruiting mother branches are arranged on both sides of the main vine. There are 5-8 fruiting mother branches in each plant, which are pruned with medium and short shoots, and each fruiting mother branch is left 2-8. 4 buds.

The prevention and treatment of diseases described in the technical scheme refers to:

1) Spray 800 times liquid of 50% carbendazim wettable powder or 1000 times liquid of 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder once when 3 to 5 pieces of grape leaves are spread out;

2) Spray 1500 times of 25% Amida at the flowering stage;

3) Spray 75% Nadivin 3000 times liquid once during the fruit expansion stage;

4) After the fruit is harvested, remove the litter in the shed in time to avoid the spread and reproduction of germs.

Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are:

1. The protected cultivation method of grapes of the present invention adopts micro-drip irrigation under the film, and the evaporation of ground water is greatly reduced, which not only realizes the efficient utilization of water, but also slowly and evenly penetrates into the corn stalk matrix during irrigation, and then It penetrates into the soil again, which can maintain the soil aggregate structure, maintain good air permeability of the soil, improve the growth environment of grape roots and soil microorganisms, and improve the mutualistic effect of mycorrhiza, which is beneficial to realize the high quality of facility grapes , Efficient production.

2. The drip irrigation capillary in the irrigation system of the protected cultivation method of grapes of the present invention is not directly in contact with the soil, but is laid on the corn stalk substrate, which can not only effectively avoid the plugging of the outlet of the drip irrigation capillary, and the corn stalk The straw substrate has good water retention and air permeability, and its physical structure provides a certain space for the storage of water and air, which is conducive to regulating the rhizosphere environment.

3. In the irrigation system of the protected cultivation method of grapes of the present invention, a Venturi fertilizer suction device is added, and the water and fertilizer solution can be evenly penetrated into the root region of the grapes through the drip irrigation pipeline, thereby satisfying the requirements of the grape plants for nutrients in different growth stages. Demand, improve nutrient use efficiency, and reduce the amount of chemical fertilizer application, which is also beneficial to prevent the occurrence of secondary salinization of facility soil.

4. The protected cultivation method of grapes of the present invention is easy to operate and low in cost (the required corn stalk matrix sources for cultivation are extensive, and can realize the full utilization of crop stalks. The equipment cost required in the irrigation system is low, and Venturi in the current market The price of the fertilizer suction device ranges from 25 to 45 yuan, the price of the filter ranges from 25 to 35 yuan, and the price of the drip irrigation pipe ranges from 0.8 to 1.2 yuan per meter), with high operating efficiency and suitable for large-scale production.

Description of drawings

Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the present invention will be further described:

Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram of the pipe laying groove setting position in the protected cultivation method of grape of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is the transverse sectional view of drip irrigation capillary installation position in the irrigation system that adopts in the protected cultivation method of grape of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is the schematic plan view that drip irrigation piping system structure is formed in the irrigation system that adopts in the protected cultivation method of grape of the present invention;

Fig. 4 is the schematic diagram of the composition of the irrigation system head hub structure in the irrigation system adopted in the protected cultivation method of grapes according to the present invention;

Fig. 5 is the block flow diagram of the protected cultivation method of grape of the present invention;

In the figure: 1. Grape plant, 2. Pipe laying tank, 3. Colonization belt, 4. Drip irrigation capillary, 5. Plastic film, 6. Corn straw substrate, 7. Pipe end plug, 8. Branch pipe, 9. Tee Connectors, 10. Reservoir, 11. Water pump, 12. Return pipe, No. 13.1 valve, 14. Pressure gauge, 15. Flow meter, No. 16.2 valve, No. 17.3 valve, No. 18.4 valve, 19. Venturi fertilizer suction Device, 20. Fertilizer bucket, 21. Filter, 22. Main pipe, 23. Soil.

detailed description

The present invention is described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing:

According to the characteristics of grape growth and development and the problems existing in the protected cultivation process, the invention improves the cultivation management steps such as fertilization and irrigation, aiming at realizing high-quality and high-efficiency production of grapes.

Referring to Fig. 5, the protected cultivation method of grape of the present invention comprises the following steps:

1. Preparation of cultivation shed/greenhouse:

1) Select the soil with loose soil quality, good air permeability, pH value of 5.6-7.8, and organic matter content of not less than 5% as the cultivation site.

2) The area of a single cultivation shed/greenhouse is preferably 550-750 square meters. Each cultivation shed/greenhouse is equipped with a water storage tank with a volume of 8-12m ³ . Apply decomposed horse manure and peat to the soil in the shed one year before the seedlings are planted and deep plow. Apply 1500kg and 500kg of horse manure and peat to the soil per 667 square meters of soil, respectively. The depth of deep plowing is preferably 25-30cm.

2. Seedling planting:

The best time for planting is spring. Select healthy seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6cm, and the number of full buds ≥ 4 to determine the value. The plant spacing is 0.8-1.0m, and the row spacing is 1.5-1.8m.

3. Build an irrigation system:

The irrigation system includes the first hub of the irrigation system and the drip irrigation pipeline system

1) Install the first hub of the irrigation system

Referring to Fig. 4, the irrigation system head hub that the facilities cultivation method of grape of the present invention adopts comprises water pump 11, return pipe 12, No. 1 valve 13, pressure gauge 14, flowmeter 15, No. 2 valve 16, No. 3 valve 17. No. 4 valve 18, Venturi fertilizer suction device 19, fertilizer bucket 20, filter 21 and main pipe 22.

The upper end of the No. 1 valve 13 in the irrigation system is connected to the lower end of the return pipe 12, the lower end of the No. 1 valve 13 is connected to the output port of the water pump 11 through a pipeline, and the lower end of the No. 1 valve 13 passes through the pipeline and the input port of the pressure gauge 14 at the same time Connect with the left end of flow meter 15, the right end of flow meter 15 is connected with the upper end of No. Pipeline connection, the right end of filter 21 is connected with the left end of trunk pipe 22; The right end pipeline is connected, and the third port of the Venturi fertilizer suction device 19 is connected with the fertilizer bucket 20 pipelines.

No. 1 valve 13 can be used to adjust the water supply pressure of the pipeline. When the irrigation system is not working, valve 17 and valve 18 are in the closed state, and valve 16 is in the open state. Yes, when the cultivation shed/greenhouse needs fertilization, the valve 17 and the valve 18 are opened, and the fertilization speed can be controlled by adjusting the valve 16.

2) Build the drip irrigation pipeline system in the cultivation shed

Referring to Fig. 1 to Fig. 3, after the seedlings are planted in field, carry out trenching and pipe laying. On both sides of the colonization zone 3, dig out a pipe-laying groove with a depth of 8-10 cm and a width of 12-16 cm. The longitudinal symmetrical center of the pipe-laying groove is 15 cm away from the colonization zone, as shown in Figure 1. After digging the pipe-laying groove, first fill the pipe-laying groove with crushed corn stalk matrix 6 with a length variation of 1.5 to 2.5 cm, and then lay the drip irrigation capillary 4 along the length of the groove after paving, and finally fill the pipe-laying groove The top of 2 covers one deck plastic film 5 along the length direction, and plastic film 5 edges are compacted with soil. The installation structure of the drip irrigation capillary 4 is shown in Figure 2 and Figure 3 . Drip irrigation capillary specification: Inlaid cylindrical drip irrigation tube with a diameter of Ф16mm and a distance between drippers of 20cm.

3) The first hub of the irrigation system is connected to the drip irrigation pipeline system

The main pipe 22 of the head hub of the irrigation system is connected to the branch pipe 8 in the drip irrigation pipeline system through the three-way connector 9, and then the branch pipe 8 is connected to the drip irrigation capillary 4 with the same structure.

Installation of the first hub of the irrigation system can also be done during the "Preparation of the Shed/Greenhouse" section described in step 1,

4. Water and fertilizer management:

1) Soil moisture management

The grape field is irrigated by micro-drip irrigation under mulch: in the year when the seedlings are planted, the relative humidity of the soil is controlled at 65% to 75%; when the tree body enters the fruit production stage, the relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 65% to 70% before fruit setting. %; After the young fruit starts to expand, the relative humidity of the root zone soil should be kept at 70% to 80%. When the fruit starts to color, the water supply should be appropriately reduced, and the relative humidity of the root zone soil should be kept at 60% to 70%.

2) Fertilization management

(1) The Venturi fertilizer suction device 19 is used for liquid fertilization, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are applied in combination during fertilization. According to the characteristics of fertilizer requirements for grape growth and development, variable fertilization is carried out. In the year when the seedlings are planted, fertilize Yuxinshaowang for a long time, and the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, of which every 667 square meters of cultivation area The application amount of N fertilizer is 4.5kg;

(2) The tree body enters the fruit-producing stage, and fertilization is carried out in the 4 stages of new shoot growth stage, young fruit expansion stage, fruit coloring stage and fruit harvesting, and three kinds of fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used together during fertilization:

The first fertilization is in the growth period of new shoots. At this stage, new shoots grow vigorously and require a lot of nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is the largest. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) Adopt 3:1:1, wherein the application rate of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is 6kg; and spray 0.3% borax solution on the leaves one week before flowering to improve the fruit setting rate;

For the second fertilization, in the early stage of young fruit expansion, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, and the amount of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is The application rate is 4.5kg;

The third fertilization is during the fruit coloring period, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:2:1, and the application of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area The dosage is 2.5kg;

The fourth fertilization is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 1:1:1. The application rate is 4.0kg.

Continue to irrigate with clean water for 15 minutes after each fertilization to flush the drip irrigation pipes.

5. Temperature management:

After the grapes germinate, the daytime temperature in the cultivation shed/greenhouse should be controlled at 23-28°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, ventilation should be carried out in time to cool down. The temperature in the cultivation shed/greenhouse should be controlled at 15-20°C at night; during frost, the soil surface can be covered with a layer of straw or straw curtains with a thickness of 5cm.

6. Plastic pruning:

(1) Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Carry out after plant germination, erase double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds; when setting shoots, leave fruiting branches to remove developed branches, and leave strong branches to remove weak ones;

(2) Tie the tip and remove the beard

When the new shoot grows to 25cm, tie the shoot in time, and remove the tendrils on the new shoot while tying the shoot;

(3) New shoot topping and auxiliary shoot treatment

The auxiliary shoots below the ear can be removed from the base, 2 leaves are left for the auxiliary shoots above the ear, and 5 leaves are left on the uppermost ear;

(4) Winter pruning

Leave a fruiting mother branch every 25-35cm on the main vine, and the fruiting mother branches are arranged on both sides of the main vine. There are 5-8 fruiting mother branches in each plant, which are pruned with medium and short shoots, and each fruiting mother branch is left 2-8. 4 buds.

7. Prevention and treatment of diseases:

Prevent and control diseases by spraying fungicides: Spray 800 times of 50% carbendazim WP or 1000 times of 70% thiophanate-methyl WP once when 3 to 5 leaves of grape shoots are spreading; Spray 25% Amida 1500 times liquid once during the period, and spray 75% Nadiba 3000 times liquid once during the fruit expansion period; after the fruit is harvested, remove the litter in the shed in time to avoid the spread and reproduction of germs.

8. Supplement the corn stover substrate

Since part of the corn stalk substrate 6 will decompose during the cultivation process, during the dormancy period of the grapes every year, the plastic film 5 is uncovered to replenish an appropriate amount of corn stalk substrate in the pipe laying tank 2, and the supplementary amount is such that the drip irrigation capillary 4 It is advisable that the position is level with the soil surface, and then the plastic film 5 is covered, and the edge of the plastic film 5 is compacted with soil.

Example 1:

1. Cultivation shed preparation:

Choose a soil with loose soil, good air permeability, pH value of 6.2, and organic matter content of 5.5% as the cultivation site. The area of the cultivation shed is 720 square meters. Equipped with a cistern with a volume of 10m ³ . Apply decomposed horse manure and peat to the soil in the shed one year before the seedlings are planted and deeply plow. Apply 1500kg and 500kg of horse manure and peat to the soil for every 667 square meters of soil, and the depth of deep plowing is 30cm.

2. Seedling planting:

The cultivated variety is Fujiminori, and the healthy seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6cm, and the number of full buds ≥ 4 were selected in spring to determine the value. The plant spacing is 0.8m, and the row spacing is 1.5m.

3. Build an irrigation system:

The cultivation shed is irrigated by an irrigation system including the first hub of the irrigation system and a drip irrigation pipeline system.

After the seedlings are planted, a drip irrigation pipeline system is built in the cultivation shed, that is, the pipe laying groove 2 is dug and the branch pipe 8 and the drip irrigation capillary 4 are laid. A depth of 8 cm and a width of 16 cm are dug out on both sides of the planting zone 3, respectively. The distance between the longitudinal symmetrical center of the pipe-laying channel 2 and the planting zone 3 is 15 cm. After digging the pipe-laying groove 2, first fill the pipe-laying groove 2 with crushed corn stalk matrix 6 with a length variation of 1.5-2.5cm, and then pave the pipe-laying groove 2 along the length direction of the groove with a diameter of Ф16mm and a distance between emitters. It is the inlaid cylindrical drip irrigation capillary of 20cm, and finally covers one deck of plastic film 5 along the length direction above the pipe laying groove 2, and the plastic film 5 edges are compacted with soil.

After the irrigation system head hub is installed, the main pipe 22 of the irrigation system head hub is connected to the branch pipe 8 in the drip irrigation pipeline system through the tee connector 9, and then the branch pipe 8 is connected to the drip irrigation capillary 4 with the same structure.

4. Water and fertilizer management:

1) Soil moisture management

The grape field is irrigated by micro-drip irrigation under mulch: in the year when the seedlings are planted, the relative humidity of the soil is controlled at 65% to 75%; when the tree body enters the fruit production stage, the relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 65% to 70% before fruit setting. %; After the young fruit begins to expand, the relative humidity of the root zone soil is maintained at 70% to 80%; when the fruit begins to color, the water supply is appropriately reduced, and the relative humidity of the root zone soil is maintained at 60% to 70%.

2) fertilization

(1) The Venturi fertilizer suction device 19 is used for liquid fertilization, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied in combination during fertilization. According to the characteristics of grape growth and development, variable fertilization is carried out. In the year when the seedlings are planted, fertilize Yuxinshaowang for a long time, and the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, of which every 667 square meters of cultivation area The application amount of N fertilizer is 4.5kg;

(2) The tree body enters the fruit-producing stage, and fertilization is carried out in four stages: the new shoot growth stage, the early stage of young fruit expansion, the fruit coloring stage, and the fruit harvesting stage. When fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are used together.

The first fertilization is in the growth period of new shoots. At this stage, new shoots grow vigorously and require a lot of nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is the largest. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) Adopt 3:1:1, wherein the application rate of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is 6kg; and spray 0.3% borax solution on the leaves one week before flowering to improve the fruit setting rate;

For the second fertilization, in the early stage of young fruit expansion, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, and the amount of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is The application rate is 4.5kg;

The third fertilization is during the fruit coloring period, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:2:1, and the application of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area The dosage is 2.5kg;

The fourth fertilization is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 1:1:1. The application rate is 4.0kg.

Continue to irrigate with clean water for 15 minutes after each fertilization to flush the drip irrigation pipes.

5. Temperature management:

After the grapes germinate, the daytime temperature in the cultivation shed is controlled at 23-28°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time. The night temperature in the cultivation shed should be controlled at 15-20°C. Cover the soil surface with a layer of straw with a thickness of 5 cm during frost.

6. Plastic pruning:

(1) Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Carry out after plant germination, erase double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds, leave fruiting branches to remove developed branches when setting shoots, and leave strong branches to remove weak ones;

(2) Tie the tip and remove the beard

When the new shoot grows to 25cm, tie the shoot in time, and remove the tendrils on the new shoot while tying the shoot;

(3) New shoot topping and auxiliary shoot treatment

The auxiliary shoots below the ear can be removed from the base, 2 leaves are left for the auxiliary shoots above the ear, and 5 leaves are left on the uppermost ear;

(4) Winter pruning

Leave a fruiting mother branch every 25-35cm on the main vine, and the fruiting mother branches are arranged on both sides of the main vine. There are 5-8 fruiting mother branches in each plant, which are pruned with medium and short shoots, and each fruiting mother branch is left 2-8. 4 buds;

7. Disease control:

Prevention and control of diseases by spraying fungicides: spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid once when grape shoots spread 3 to 5 leaves; spray 25% amida 1500 times liquid once at flowering stage , Spray 75% Nadiba 3000 times solution once during the fruit expansion period; after the fruit is harvested, remove the litter in the shed in time to avoid the spread and reproduction of germs.

8. Supplement the corn stover substrate

During the dormant period of the grapes, uncover the plastic film 5 and add an appropriate amount of corn stalk substrate 6 to the pipe laying tank 2. The supplementary amount is suitable to make the position of the drip irrigation capillary 4 level with the soil surface, and then cover the plastic film 5 and cover it with soil The edges of the plastic film 5 are compacted.

Example 2:

1. Cultivation shed preparation:

Choose the soil with loose soil, good air permeability, pH value of 5.6, and organic matter content of 6.1% as the cultivation site. The area of the cultivation shed is 640 square meters. Equipped with a cistern with a volume of 8m ³ . Apply decomposed horse manure and peat to the soil in the shed one year before the seedlings are planted and deep plow. Apply 1500kg and 500kg of horse manure and peat to the soil for every 667 square meters of soil, and the depth of deep plowing is 25cm.

2. Seedling planting:

The cultivar is Fujiminori. In spring, strong seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6cm, and the number of full buds ≥ 4 were selected for evaluation. The plant spacing was 1.0m, and the row spacing was 1.5m.

3. Build an irrigation system:

The cultivation shed is irrigated by an irrigation pipeline system including the first hub of the irrigation system and a drip irrigation system.

After the seedlings are planted, a drip irrigation pipeline system is built in the cultivation shed, that is, the pipe laying groove 2 is dug and the branch pipe 8 and the drip irrigation capillary 4 are laid. On both sides of the colonization zone 3, a pipe-laying groove 2 with a depth of 9 cm and a width of 14 cm is dug out, and the distance between the longitudinal symmetrical center of the pipe-laying groove 2 and the colonization zone 3 is 15 cm. After digging the pipe-laying groove 2, first fill the pipe-laying groove 2 with crushed corn stalk matrix 6 with a length variation of 1.5-2.5cm, and then pave the pipe-laying groove 2 along the length direction of the groove with a diameter of Ф16mm and a distance between emitters. It is a 20cm inlaid cylindrical drip irrigation capillary 4, and finally covers a layer of plastic film 5 along the length direction above the pipe laying groove 2, and compacts the edges of the plastic film 5 with soil.

After the irrigation system head hub is installed, the main pipe 22 of the irrigation system head hub is connected to the branch pipe 8 in the drip irrigation system through the tee connector 9, and then the branch pipe 8 is connected to the drip irrigation capillary 4 with the same structure.

4. Water and fertilizer management:

1) Soil moisture management

The grape field was irrigated by the above-mentioned micro-drip irrigation method under the film. In the year when the seedlings are planted, the relative humidity of the soil should be controlled at 65% to 75%. The relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 65% to 70% before the tree enters the fruit-bearing stage; The humidity should be kept at 70%-80%; the water supply should be appropriately reduced when the fruit starts to color, and the relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 60%-70%.

2) fertilization

(1) Use a Venturi fertilizer suction device for liquid fertilization, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in combination. According to the characteristics of fertilizer requirements for grape growth and development, variable fertilization is carried out. In the year when the seedlings are planted, fertilize the new shoots for a long time, and the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, of which every 667 square meters of cultivation area The application amount of N fertilizer is 4.5kg;

(2) The tree body enters the fruit-producing stage, and fertilizes in 4 stages after the new shoot growth stage, the young fruit expansion stage, the fruit coloring stage and the fruit harvest respectively, and three kinds of fertilizers of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are used together during fertilization;

The first fertilization is in the growth period of new shoots. At this stage, new shoots grow vigorously and require a lot of nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is the largest. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) Adopt 3:1:1, wherein the application rate of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is 6kg; and spray 0.3% borax solution on the leaves one week before flowering to improve the fruit setting rate;

For the second fertilization, in the early stage of young fruit expansion, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, and the amount of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is The application rate is 4.5kg;

The third fertilization is during the fruit coloring period, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:2:1, and the application of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area The dosage is 2.5kg;

The fourth fertilization is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 1:1:1. The application rate is 4.0kg.

Continue to irrigate with clean water for 15 minutes after each fertilization to flush the drip irrigation pipes.

5. Temperature management:

After the grapes germinate, the daytime temperature in the cultivation shed should be controlled at 23-28°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, ventilation and cooling should be carried out in time; the night temperature in the cultivation shed should be controlled at 15-20°C; Straw curtains with a layer thickness of 5 cm.

6. Plastic pruning:

(1) Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Carry out after plant germination, erase double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds, leave fruiting branches to remove developed branches when setting shoots, and leave strong branches to remove weak ones;

(2) Tie the tip and remove the beard

When the new shoot grows to 25cm, tie the shoot in time, and remove the tendrils on the new shoot while tying the shoot;

(3) New shoot topping and auxiliary shoot treatment

The auxiliary shoots below the ear can be removed from the base, 2 leaves are left for the auxiliary shoots above the ear, and 5 leaves are left on the uppermost ear;

(4) Winter pruning

Leave a fruiting mother branch every 25-35cm on the main vine, and the fruiting mother branches are arranged on both sides of the main vine. There are 5-8 fruiting mother branches in each plant, which are pruned with medium and short shoots, and each fruiting mother branch is left 2-8. 4 buds.

7. Disease control:

Prevention and control of diseases by spraying fungicides: Spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times once when grape shoots spread 3 to 5 leaves; spray 25% Amida 1500 times once at flowering stage Liquid, spray 75% Nadiba 3000 times liquid once during the fruit expansion period; after the fruit is harvested, remove the litter in the shed in time to avoid the spread and reproduction of germs.

8. Supplement the corn stover substrate

During the dormant period of the grapes, uncover the plastic film 5 and add an appropriate amount of corn stalk substrate 6 to the pipe laying tank 2. The supplementary amount is suitable to make the position of the drip irrigation capillary 4 level with the soil surface, and then cover the plastic film 5 and cover it with soil The edges of the plastic film 5 are compacted.

Example 3:

1. Greenhouse preparation:

Choose a soil with loose soil, good air permeability, pH value of 7.2, and organic matter content of 5% as the cultivation site. The area of the greenhouse is 750 square meters. Equipped with a cistern with a volume of 12m ³ . Apply decomposed horse manure and peat to the soil in the shed one year before the seedlings are planted and deeply plow. Apply 1500kg and 500kg of horse manure and peat to the soil for every 667 square meters of soil, and the depth of deep plowing is 30cm.

2. Seedling planting:

The cultivar is Honeydew. In spring, strong seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6cm, and the number of full buds ≥ 4 were selected for fixed value, the plant spacing was 0.8m, and the row spacing was 1.8m.

3. Build an irrigation system:

The cultivation shed is irrigated by an irrigation system including the first hub of the irrigation system and a drip irrigation pipeline system.

After the seedlings are planted, a drip irrigation pipeline system is built in the cultivation shed, that is, the pipe laying groove 2 is dug and the branch pipe 8 and the drip irrigation capillary 4 are laid. On both sides of the colonization zone 3, a pipe-laying groove 2 with a depth of 10cm and a width of 16cm is dug out, and the distance between the longitudinal symmetrical center of the pipe-laying groove 2 and the colonization zone 3 is 15cm. After digging the pipe-laying groove 2, first fill the pipe-laying groove 2 with crushed corn stalk matrix 6 with a length variation of 1.5-2.5cm, and then pave the pipe-laying groove 2 along the length direction of the groove with a diameter of Ф16mm and a distance between emitters. It is a 20cm inlaid cylindrical drip irrigation capillary 4, and finally covers a layer of plastic film 5 along the length direction above the pipe laying groove 2, and compacts the edges of the plastic film 5 with soil.

After the irrigation system head hub is installed, the main pipe 22 of the irrigation system head hub is connected to the branch pipe 8 in the drip irrigation pipeline system through the tee connector 9, and then the branch pipe 8 is connected to the drip irrigation capillary 4 with the same structure.

4. Water and fertilizer management:

1) Soil moisture management

The grape field was irrigated by the above-mentioned micro-drip irrigation method under the film. In the year when the seedlings are planted, the relative humidity of the soil should be controlled at 65% to 75%. The relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 65% to 70% before the tree enters the fruit-bearing stage; The humidity should be kept at 70%-80%; the water supply should be appropriately reduced when the fruit starts to color, and the relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 60%-70%.

2) fertilization

(1) Use a Venturi fertilizer suction device for liquid fertilization, and apply nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers in combination. According to the characteristics of fertilizer requirements for grape growth and development, variable fertilization is carried out. In the year when the seedlings are planted, fertilize Yuxinshaowang for a long time, and the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, of which every 667 square meters of cultivation area The application amount of N fertilizer is 4.5kg;

(2) The tree body enters the fruit-producing stage, and fertilization is carried out in four stages: the new shoot growth stage, the early stage of young fruit expansion, the fruit coloring stage, and the fruit harvesting stage. When fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are used together.

The first fertilization is in the growth period of new shoots. At this stage, new shoots grow vigorously and require a lot of nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is the largest. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) Adopt 3:1:1, wherein the application rate of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is 6kg; and spray 0.3% borax solution on the leaves one week before flowering to improve the fruit setting rate;

For the second fertilization, in the early stage of young fruit expansion, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, and the amount of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is The application rate is 4.5kg;

The third fertilization is during the fruit coloring period, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:2:1, and the application of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area The dosage is 2.5kg;

The fourth fertilization is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 1:1:1. The application rate is 4.0kg.

Continue to irrigate with clean water for 15 minutes after each fertilization to flush the drip irrigation pipes.

5. Temperature management:

After the grapes germinate, the daytime temperature in the cultivation greenhouse is controlled at 23-28°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time. The night temperature in the cultivation greenhouse should be controlled at 15-20°C. Cover the soil surface with a layer of straw with a thickness of 5 cm during frost.

6. Plastic pruning:

(1) Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Carry out after plant germination, erase double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds; when setting shoots, leave fruiting branches to remove developed branches, and leave strong branches to remove weak ones;

(2) Tie the tip and remove the beard

When the new shoot grows to 25cm, tie the shoot in time, and remove the tendrils on the new shoot while tying the shoot;

(3) New shoot topping and auxiliary shoot treatment

The auxiliary shoots below the ear can be removed from the base, 2 leaves are left for the auxiliary shoots above the ear, and 5 leaves are left on the uppermost ear;

(4) Winter pruning

Leave a fruiting mother branch every 25-35cm on the main vine, and the fruiting mother branches are arranged on both sides of the main vine. There are 5-8 fruiting mother branches in each plant, which are pruned with medium and short shoots, and each fruiting mother branch is left 2-8. 4 buds.

7. Disease control:

Prevention and control of diseases by spraying fungicides: spray 50% carbendazim wettable powder 800 times liquid once when grape shoots spread 3 to 5 leaves; spray 25% amida 1500 times liquid once at flowering stage , Spray 75% Nadiba 3000 times solution once during the fruit expansion period; after the fruit is harvested, remove the litter in the shed in time to avoid the spread and reproduction of germs.

8. Supplement the corn stover substrate

During the dormant period of the grapes, uncover the plastic film 5 and add an appropriate amount of corn stalk substrate 6 to the pipe laying tank 2. The supplementary amount is suitable to make the position of the drip irrigation capillary 4 level with the soil surface, and then cover the plastic film 5 and cover it with soil The edges of the plastic film 5 are compacted.

Example 4:

1. Greenhouse preparation:

Choose the soil with loose soil, good air permeability, pH value of 6.8, and organic matter content of 5.2% as the cultivation site. The area of the greenhouse is 550 square meters. Equipped with a cistern with a volume of 10m ³ . Apply decomposed horse manure and peat to the soil in the shed one year before the seedlings are planted and deep plow. Apply 1500kg and 500kg of horse manure and peat to the soil per 667 square meters of soil, respectively, and the depth of deep plowing is 25cm.

2. Seedling planting:

The cultivar is Honeydew. In spring, healthy seedlings with seedling height ≥ 50 cm, seedling diameter ≥ 0.6 cm, and number of full buds ≥ 4 were selected to determine the value. The plant spacing is 0.9m, and the row spacing is 1.6m.

3. Build an irrigation system:

The cultivation shed is irrigated by an irrigation pipeline system including the first hub of the irrigation system and a drip irrigation system.

After the seedlings are planted, a drip irrigation pipeline system is built in the cultivation shed, that is, the pipe laying groove 2 is dug and the branch pipe 8 and the drip irrigation capillary 4 are laid. A depth of 10cm and a width of 12cm are respectively dug out on both sides of the planting belt, and the longitudinal symmetrical center of the pipe-laying groove 2 is 15cm away from the planting belt 3. After digging the pipe-laying groove 2, first fill the pipe-laying groove 2 with crushed corn stalk matrix 6 with a length variation of 1.5-2.5cm, and then lay the pipe-laying groove 2 along the length direction of the pipe-laying groove 2 with a diameter of Ф16mm. The dripper spacing is the inlaid cylindrical drip irrigation capillary 4 of 20cm, and finally covers a layer of plastic film 5 along the length direction above the pipe laying groove 2, and compacts the edge of the plastic film 5 with soil.

After the irrigation system head hub is installed, the main pipe 22 of the irrigation system head hub is connected to the branch pipe 8 in the drip irrigation pipeline system through the tee connector 9, and then the branch pipe 8 is connected to the drip irrigation capillary 4.

4. Water and fertilizer management:

1) Soil moisture management

The grape fields were irrigated by micro-drip irrigation under mulch. In the year when the seedlings are planted, the relative humidity of the soil should be controlled at 65% to 75%. The relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 65% to 70% before the tree enters the fruit-bearing stage; The humidity should be kept at 70%-80%; the water supply should be appropriately reduced when the fruit starts to color, and the relative humidity of the soil in the root zone should be kept at 60%-70%.

2) fertilization

(1) Liquid fertilization was carried out with a Venturi fertilizer suction device, and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers were applied in combination; according to the characteristics of grape growth and development, variable fertilization was carried out. In the year when the seedlings are planted, fertilize Yuxinshaowang for a long time, and the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, of which every 667 square meters of cultivation area The application amount of N fertilizer is 4.5kg;

(2) The tree body enters the fruit-producing stage, and fertilization is carried out in four stages: the new shoot growth stage, the early stage of young fruit expansion, the fruit coloring stage, and the fruit harvesting stage. When fertilizing, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are used together.

The first fertilization is in the growth period of new shoots. At this stage, new shoots grow vigorously and require a lot of nutrients. Among them, the demand for nitrogen fertilizer is the largest. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) Adopt 3:1:1, wherein the application rate of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is 6kg; and spray 0.3% borax solution on the leaves one week before flowering to improve the fruit setting rate;

For the second fertilization, in the early stage of young fruit expansion, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:1:1, and the amount of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area is The application rate is 4.5kg;

The third fertilization is during the fruit coloring period, the ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ), and potassium (K ₂ O) is 2:2:1, and the application of N fertilizer per 667 square meters of cultivation area The dosage is 2.5kg;

The fourth fertilization is carried out after the fruit is harvested. The ratio of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P ₂ O ₅ ) and potassium (K ₂ O) is 1:1:1. The application rate is 4.0kg;

Continue to irrigate with clean water for 15 minutes after each fertilization to flush the drip irrigation pipes.

5. Temperature management:

After the grapes germinate, the daytime temperature in the cultivation greenhouse is controlled at 23-28°C. When the temperature is higher than 32°C, ventilation and cooling are carried out in time. The night temperature in the greenhouse should be controlled at 15-20°C. Cover the soil surface with a layer of straw curtains with a thickness of 5 cm during frost.

6. Plastic pruning:

(1) Wiping buds and fixing shoots

Carry out after plant germination, erase double buds, multiple buds and too weak buds, leave fruiting branches to remove developed branches when setting shoots, and leave strong branches to remove weak ones;

(2) Tie the tip and remove the beard

When the new shoot grows to 25cm, tie the shoot in time, and remove the tendrils on the new shoot while tying the shoot;

(3) New shoot topping and auxiliary shoot treatment

The auxiliary shoots below the ear can be removed from the base, 2 leaves are left for the auxiliary shoots above the ear, and 5 leaves are left on the uppermost ear;

(4) Winter pruning

Leave a fruiting mother branch every 25-35cm on the main vine, and the fruiting mother branches are arranged on both sides of the main vine. There are 5-8 fruiting mother branches in each plant, which are pruned with medium and short shoots, and each fruiting mother branch is left 2-8. 4 buds.

7. Disease control:

Prevention and control of diseases by spraying fungicides: Spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 1000 times once when grape shoots spread 3 to 5 leaves; spray 25% Amida 1500 times once at flowering stage Liquid, spray 75% Nadiba 3000 times liquid once during the fruit expansion period; after the fruit is harvested, remove the litter in the shed in time to avoid the spread and reproduction of germs.

8. Supplement the corn stover substrate

During the dormant period of the grapes, uncover the plastic film 5 and add an appropriate amount of corn stalk substrate 6 to the pipe laying tank 2. The supplementary amount is suitable to make the position of the drip irrigation capillary 4 level with the soil surface, and then cover the plastic film 5 and cover it with soil The edge of plastic film 5 is compacted.

Comparison of test results of different cultivation methods:

Carry out many groups of cultivation tests, the protected cultivation method of grape described in the present invention is compared with conventional cultivation method, investigates grape fruit output and quality in high yield period, its test result is listed in table 1.

Table 1 Comparison of implementation results of different cultivation methods

As can be seen from Table 1, compared with conventional cultivation methods, adopting the protected cultivation method of grapes of the present invention is conducive to increasing production and improving fruit quality, and provides technical support for high-yield and efficient production of grapes. Moreover, the protected cultivation method for grapes of the present invention is based on the characteristics of the fertilizer required for grape growth and development, and variable fertilization is performed through the water and fertilizer integrated irrigation device, which improves the fertilizer utilization efficiency, reduces labor intensity and saves manpower, and is suitable for large-scale production.

Claims (6)

1. a kind of facility cultivation method of grape, it is characterised in that as follows the step of the facility cultivation method of described grape：

1) preparation in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated；

2) seedling planting；

3) irrigation system is built：

Irrigation system includes irrigation system head pivot and droping irrigating pipe system；

(1) irrigation system head pivot is installed：

Described irrigation system head pivot includes water pump (11), return duct (12), No. 1 valve (13), pressure gauge (14), flow Count (15), No. 2 valves (16), No. 3 valves (17), No. 4 valves (18), venturi fat absorption device (19), fertilizer bucket (20), filters (21) with main pipe (22)

The upper end of No. 1 valve (13) in irrigation system is connected with the lower end of return duct (12), and the lower end of No. 1 valve (13) passes through Pipeline is connected with the output port of water pump (11), and the lower end of No. 1 valve (13) passes through the input of pipeline and pressure gauge (14) simultaneously Port is connected with the left end of flowmeter (15), and the right-hand member of flowmeter (15) is using pipeline and the left end and No. 3 valves of No. 2 valves (16) The upper end connection of door (17), the right-hand member of No. 2 valves (16) and the upper end of No. 4 valves (18) and the left end pipeline of filter (21) connect Connect, the right-hand member of filter (21) is connected with the left end of main pipe (22)；The lower end of No. 3 valves (17) and venturi fat absorption device (19) The connection of left end pipeline, the lower end of No. 4 valves (18) is connected with the right-hand member pipeline of venturi fat absorption device (19), venturi fat absorption device (19) the 3rd port is connected with fertilizer bucket (20) pipeline；

(2) the droping irrigating pipe system in cultivation canopy is built：

After seedling planting, grooving and pipe laying are carried out, a depth is dug out respectively in the both sides of field planting band (3) for 8~10cm, width For 12~16cm pipe laying groove (2), the longitudinally asymmetric centre-to-centre spacing field planting band (3) of pipe laying groove (2) is 15cm, has dug pipe laying groove (2) Afterwards, the maize straw matrix (6) that the length luffing first crushed toward filling in pipe laying groove (2) is 1.5~2.5cm, after paving again Along the length direction laying drip irrigation pipe (4) of pipe laying groove (2), one layer is finally covered along its length in the top of pipe laying groove (2) Plastic sheeting (5), and be compacted the edge of plastic sheeting (5) with soil；

(3) irrigation system head pivot couples with droping irrigating pipe system：

The main pipe (22) of irrigation system head pivot is connected by the branch pipe (8) in three-way connector (9) and drip irrigation system, Branch pipe (8) and each structure identical drip irrigation pipe (4) are connected again；

4) water and fertilizer management：

(1) soil moisture management

Vineland is irrigated using micro drip irrigation under film：In seedling planting then, relative moisture of the soil control exists 65%~75%；Tree body enters the production fruit stage, and root region soil relative humidity is preferably maintained at 65%~70% before bearing fruit；In young fruit Start to expand rear root region soil relative humidity and be maintained at 70%~80%；Fruit starts suitably reduce the confession of moisture during coloring Should, root region soil relative humidity is maintained at 60%~70%；

(2) fertilizing management

A. liquid fertilization is carried out using venturi fat absorption device (19), by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising, according to Grape growth develop uptake characters, carry out variable fertilization, in seedling planting then, in young sprout it is prosperous it is long-term applied fertilizer, nitrogen, phosphorus, The ratio of potassium three uses 2: 1: 1, wherein the amount of application of every 667 square metres of cultivated area N fertilizer is 4.5kg；

B. tree body enters the production fruit stage, respectively 4 after young sprout growth period, young fruit expand initial stage, fruit color phase and fruit harvesting The individual stage is applied fertilizer, by nitrogen, phosphorus, three kinds of fertilizer compounding applications of potassium during fertilising；

5) temperature treatment；

6) pruning；

7) controlling disease；

8) maize straw matrix is supplemented：

Because decomposition can occur in the course of cultivation for part maize straw matrix (6), therefore, in annual Grape Dormancy period, take off Plastic sheeting (5) appropriate maize straw matrix (6) of supplement into pipe laying groove (2) is opened, the amount of supplement makes the position of drip irrigation pipe (4) Put equal with native table, plastic covering film (5), and the edge of plastic sheeting (5) being compacted with soil afterwards.

2. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that the standard in described cultivation canopy/greenhouse It is standby to refer to：

1) the soil is porous, good permeability, pH value are that 5.6~7.8, content of organic matter is not less than 5% soil as cultivation for selection Ground；

2) area in single cultivation canopy/greenhouse is 550~750 square metres, each cultivate canopy/greenhouse be equipped with a volume be 8~ 12m³Cistern, apply to become thoroughly decomposed toward soil in canopy in seedling planting the previous year and horsehit and turf and plough deeply, every 667 square metres of soil Earth applies horsehit and turf is respectively 1500kg and 500kg, and the depth ploughed deeply is 25~30cm.

3. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described seedling planting refers to：

The time of seedling planting is advisable with spring, chooses height of seedling >=50cm, and seedling is thick >=0.6cm, the stalwartness of full bud quantity >=4 Nursery stock carries out definite value, and spacing in the rows takes 0.8~1.0m, and line-spacing takes 1.5~1.8m.

4. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described temperature treatment refers to：

After grape rudiment, cultivation canopy/greenhouse in daytime temperature control at 23~28 DEG C, when temperature be higher than 32 DEG C when, in time carry out It is aeration-cooling；Nocturnal temperature in canopy/greenhouse is cultivated to control at 15~20 DEG C；Covering a layer thickness in upper soll layer during frost is 5cm straw or straw screen or mat.

5. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described pruning refers to：

(1) tip is determined in bud picking

Carried out after plant rudiment, erase double bud, many head-germs and excessively weak buds；Determine to stay fruitful branch to remove developmental branch during the tip, stay vigorous branches Remove weak branch；

(2) tip is tied up except palpus

When young sprout length is to 25cm, the tip is tied up in time, and the tendril on young sprout is extractd while the tip is tied up；

(3) Tipping and sublateral shoot processing

Sublateral shoot below fruit ear is removed from base portion, and sublateral shoot more than fruit ear stays 2 leaf pinching, stays 5 leaves to pluck on topmost fruit ear The heart；

(4) winter pruning

Stay a bearing basal shoot every 25~35cm in main stem, bearing basal shoot point row main stem both sides, every plant stay altogether bearing basal shoot 5~ 8, the short cane pruning in, every bearing basal shoot stays 2~4 buds.

6. according to the facility cultivation method of the grape described in claim 1, it is characterised in that described controlling disease refers to：

1) 800 times of liquid of 50% carbendazol wettable powder or 70% methyl Tobe are sprayed in grape young sprout lamina 3~5 1000 times of liquid of Tianjin wettable powder；

2) 25% Amici is sprayed in florescence up to 1500 times of liquid；

3) spray one time 75% in fruit expanding period and take the steady 3000 times of liquid of enemy；

4) after fruit harvesting, the dry branches and fallen leaves in canopy is removed in time, it is to avoid pathogen transmission and breeding.