CN105519393B - A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods - Google Patents

A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods Download PDF

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CN105519393B
CN105519393B CN201410510749.0A CN201410510749A CN105519393B CN 105519393 B CN105519393 B CN 105519393B CN 201410510749 A CN201410510749 A CN 201410510749A CN 105519393 B CN105519393 B CN 105519393B
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kiwi berry
arm
frame
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column
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CN105519393A (en
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舒长青
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XIANNING XINDE MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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XIANNING XINDE MODERN AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses a kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods, including:Full garden is ploughed deeply to improve the soil to apply fertilizer to the subsoil and is colonized with ridging:Building well on gentle slope, ploughs deeply depth and reaches 1 meter, table soil and branches and leaves are embedded to 50cm hereinafter, fertilizer interacting depth reaches 1 meter;Build frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system:Frame and irrigation system are combined together;And the winter pruning of Kiwi berry:Trim mode is trimmed for herringbone.The device have the advantages that:Coating steel pipe frame and comprehensive utilization frame penstock installation spray irrigation system, cost is lower, and manages conveniently, and frame firm stable, actinidia tree well-grown will not be rotten, had not only increased the yield of Kiwi berry, but also improve the quality of Kiwi berry.Kiwi berry can be entered to fruiting period, two years were shorten to by original triennium, can got bumper crops in third year, high yield period yield can increase production nearly 30%.

Description

A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods
Technical field
The present invention relates to Kiwi berry planting technology fields, and in particular to a kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods.
Background technology
Kiwi berry is known as " king of fruit " because its Vitamin C content comes out at the top in fruit, and a Kiwi berry can carry For people vitamin C requirements amount on the one more than twice.Kiwi berry also contains good soluble dietary fiber, most as fruit Noticeable place surely belongs to the vegetalitas chemical substance sod with outstanding antioxygenic property contained by it, according to United States Department of Agriculture Research report claims, and the anti-oxidant index of synthesis of Kiwi berry ranks in fruit to rank forefront, and is only second to minorities' fruit such as Rosa roxburghii Tratt, blueberry, Much stronger than the daily fruit such as apple, pears, watermelon, citrus.Modern medicine study is analyzed, and kiwifruit fruit contains carbohydrate, protein Middle amino acid is abundant, and 12 kinds of protease, vitamin B1, C, carrotene and calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, potassium, magnesium, chlorine, pigment etc. are more Kind ingredient, Vitamin C content is five to six times in equivalent citrus, also, it has been reported that:Kiwi berry can block carcinogenic substance The active constituent of matter-nitrosamine synthesis, blocking rate play the role of inhibiting cancer cell up to 98%.So Kiwi berry is that nourishing is strong Body resists the first-class fruit of cancer.In addition, its branches and leaves, root, rattan are all good Chinese medicines.
Kiwi berry harvests fruit to the end from selection of land building well, is that complicated and very long process, a centre are related to many rings Section, and whether each link is to that can realize Kiwi berry good harvest, improve the quality of Kiwi berry and keep Kiwi berry volume production for a long time There is important influence, for grower, sells Kiwi berry and realize that profit is only final purpose.
A kind of scientific and reasonable Kiwi berry implantation methods are disclosed in the patent application No. is 201310229299.3, it should Method includes addressing site preparation, selects seedling, field planting, fertilising, trimming, built, the prevention and control of plant diseases, pest control, picking, wherein addressing site preparation Including addressing and site preparation, wherein addressing is that selection has a good transport service, and 1 meter of level of ground water is hereinafter, irrigation condition is good, pH value 5.5- 6.5 subacidity soil, and it is rich in organic matter, fertile loose, the deep region up to 100 centimetres or more of soil layer;Site preparation be into Row soil is ploughed deeply, and depth must not be less than 80cm, and soil deeptillage while discharges base fertilizer, and discharging biological organic fertilizer per acre must not be less than 800 kilograms, meanwhile, draw compartment by 4 meters wide (including ditch) in site preparation, ditch depth must not be less than 80cm, adopt this method into Row addressing site preparation so that Kiwi berry is no longer influenced by the limitation of planting area, reduces transportation cost;Meanwhile using such plantation Method can also greatly improve the yield of Kiwi berry.
A kind of implantation methods of Kiwi berry, including following step are disclosed in the patent application No. is 201310476827.5 Suddenly:(1) alley arranges, the plantation of (2) Kiwi berry and built, moulding, the trimming of (4) Kiwi berry of (3) Kiwi berry, (5) macaque Pollination, flower thinning and the fruit thinning processing of peach strain body, the watering, pesticide and fertilising of (6) Kiwi berry.By the above-mentioned means, Mi of the present invention The implantation methods of monkey peach are applied widely, growth cycle is nuisanceless, reduce production cost, improves the quality of Kiwi berry.
Although there are many planting technology of present Kiwi berry, its planting process still has optimizable place, such as:
Existing kiwi fruit tree garden frame mainly does pillar with the concrete column of the 11cm length of sides, 260cm long, and pillar 60cm is earthed In, pillar top, which is drawn, mutually draws steel wire rope, then the small steel wire of cloth, forms steel wire, there are many such frame disadvantage:
1, difficulty of construction is big, and construction labor intensity is also big;
2, frame is unstable, after Kiwi berry enters high yield period, since yield is big, in addition the biological weight that tree growth is formed And weather, some steel wire ropes can be made to be depressed and reduce height even under, manually work and pass through extremely in garden Inconvenience more influences machinery and carries out mechanized operation into garden, while causing ventilation and penetrating light in garden bad to keep pest and disease damage more;
3, repair is very inconvenient, need to be by straight horizontal two steel wire ropes dismounting replacement if a piece pillar of appearance is broken when needing to change Steel wire rope is drawn again after new pillar.
In addition, existing Kiwi berry irrigation system is mainly sprayed and microspray irrigation, construction main pipeline and branch pipe in garden, then Each cell installation sprinkling irrigation or microspray irrigation.Such irrigation system effect is good, but invests greatly, by current market, makes an investment in per acre 2500 yuan or more.
Present Kiwi berry building well is mainly taken along field planting row to the 1 meter wide 1 meter of depth of pumping slot, or digs the cave of 1 meter of square, then Base fertilizer is sprinkling upon on the soil of face, transplants macaque peach seedling after remixing backfill, Ye Youquan ploughs deeply in garden rear pumping slot ridging pattern, but ploughs deeply depth Degree is within 60 centimeters.
Because Chinese actinidia root is fleshy root, in the growth distribution range very little of the place of soil hardening usually root, encounter hardened Place just prick not enter, so Chinese actinidia root is mainly distributed on 30 centimeters or so of topsoil under wild state.
Under the building well mode of 1 meter wide and deep of pumping slot, the distribution of root is also in the range of this slot.It cannot reach more Remote place.
Existing such building well mode, major defect are:When root cannot full garden distribution, so that root is absorbed nutrition and moisture content Range is small, and tree vigo(u)r growth is poor, and high temperature season drought resistance is poor;Second is that when soil hardening, irrigating or raining to permeate very well, make soil Earth water imbibition is poor, and moisture content productive set is excessive in the slot of pumping slot, can cause rotting for root.This two big disadvantage can all influence the life of tree It is long.
Therefore, since selection of land building well, optimize the links of Kiwi berry planting process, seek a kind of more preferably Kiwi berry Implantation methods can allow grower to obtain more profit reciprocation.
Invention content
The purpose of the invention is to make up the deficiencies in the prior art, provide that a kind of management is convenient, cost is lower, Kiwi berry Not only high-quality but also fertile Kiwi berry implantation methods.
In order to reach the purpose of the present invention, technical solution is as follows:
A kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1), full garden is ploughed deeply to improve the soil to apply fertilizer to the subsoil and is colonized with ridging:
A, it is 20 ° of gentle slopes below to select building well in the gradient, overground part trees and stub is cleared up, branches and leaves stay in ground Face is that 1 meter of full garden of wide digging machine is ploughed deeply with head is dug, and depth reaches 1 meter, and table soil and branches and leaves are buried in the earth, branches and leaves length of embedment Slope bank is scraped out gentle slope by 50cm hereinafter, simultaneously with digging machine flattened faces when encountering slope bank;
B, by seeding row spacing direction and plantation density requirement, field planting point is marked with lime, centered on field planting point, circumference 2 is flat 2 kilograms of the composite fertilizer of 70~95 kilograms of Chicken dung, 5 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, three 15 contents is sprinkled within the scope of square rice, then mixed with digging machine Uniform, 1 meter of interacting depth is closed, while 30~40cm high of ridging, the length direction on ridge are consistent with the direction on gentle slope;
C, field planting point is beaten in ridge upper surface, winter-spring season plants seedling;And check whether fertilising is uniformly mixed, if unmixed uniform, It is planted again after manually aside fertilizer being pushed to backfill before planting seedling,
(2), frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system are built:
A, frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system include column, Bian Guan, cross-arm, PE pipes and steel wire, and cross-arm includes lateral cross-arm With longitudinal cross-arm, the cross-arm above the column and frame of frame is done with 50 coating steel pipes,
First column is arranged by 4 meters of line-spacing and 5 meters of spacing in the rows, column lower part brick pad is simultaneously fixed with cement, simultaneously Column lower part has been painted with the pitch of antisepsis,
Side pipe is arranged in the upper end of cultivation cell periphery again, cross-arm is set to the center upper end of cultivation cell, cross-arm and stands Column connects with steel tube fastener and is connected and fixed, and part is connected with steel tube between cross-arm and is connected and fixed, and each cell of cultivating only selects one side It is managed when pipe is main as a cell micro spray irrigation water flowing, head and the tail are connected to the main side pipe of all water flowings with threeway successively, PE Pipe is connected to the main side pipe of water flowing, and the nozzle for sprinkling irrigation is provided on PE pipes;
Be provided with heat shield on the upside of cross-arm, steel pipe frame install after again in cloth steel wire above,
B, the main pipeline of irrigation is connected to the main side pipe of water flowing of cultivation cell;
(3), the winter pruning of Kiwi berry:
The mobile jib of every Kiwi berry only stays two major branches, and two major branches are located at the both sides of mobile jib, the knot on major branch Fruit mother's branch is all wiped out after result, stays the stake platform of 1~2cm, while selecting and remain the current year sent out from major branch or on major branch stake platform Bearing basal shoot of the raw stalwartness nutrition branch as next year, and make the regularly arranged both sides for being distributed in major branch of bearing basal shoot, it is same 20~25cm is divided between the bearing basal shoot of side, the bearing basal shoot of both sides is alternatively arranged.
As preferred technical solution:In the step (1), ridge upper surface width is 1.5~2.0m when ridging.
As preferred technical solution:In the step (1), the ridge shape risen is a diameter of 1.6~2.3m in upper surface Round platform.
As preferred technical solution:In the step (2), the side pipe diameter is 48~50mm, wall thickness be 2.5~ 3.0mm, a diameter of 48mm of the column, wall thickness are 1.5~2.0mm, longitudinal cross-arm and the lateral cross-arm it is a diameter of 48mm, wall thickness are 1.5~2.0mm, 20~25mm of the PE pipe diameters.
The device have the advantages that:
1, Quan Yuan ploughs deeply the advantages of being colonized with ridging that apply fertilizer to the subsoil of improving the soil:
A, set 2 square metres of disk in improve the soil, can by soil organic matter content disposably by general 0.8% be increased to 2% with On.Full garden by plough deeply table soil and branches and leaves are pressed onto in the following, dig come native again can be successively by intercropping green manure and artificially applying fertilizer Improve the soil.
B, branches and leaves length of embedment 50cm is hereinafter, change soil texture significantly, and soil is not easy hardened, increases aeration With the water absorbing capacity of soil, make Kiwi berry Root Distribution as deep as 1 meter, width distribution inhales fertile energy up to full garden, enhancing root system Power and drought resistance keep Growth status more vigorous.
C, simultaneously, on the smaller gentle slope of the gradient, and the length direction on ridge is consistent with the direction on gentle slope, is raining heavily for building well Shi Yushui can down flow away along ridge, simultaneously because soil moisture absorb it is stronger, therefore set disk within the scope of root system will not ponding, no It can be rotten.
2, the advantages of building frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system
A, frame construction is light and handy convenient, and labor intensity is low.
B, column lower end is lined with brick and is fixed by cement, and frame stability is stronger, and steel wire rope is substituted with steel pipe cross-arm, Rigidity is good, without sagging, is conducive to mechanization into garden farming.
C, easy to maintenance, it is needed to change if single upright column occur and being broken, need to only unclamp connecting fastening for steel pipe, be fastened again after replacement Fastener;And when wanting to increase or decrease frame area, increase and decrease column, longitudinal cross-arm and lateral cross-arm as playing with building blocks Quantity, operation is very easy.
D, side pipe no longer needs to not only as the structural member of frame, but also as the main water pipeline utilization of spray irrigation system cell small Main water pipeline is laid in area, cost is lower, can save about 1000 yuan/mu of building well facility investment.
3, the advantages of winter herringbone is simply trimmed:
A, pruning method is easy to learn, and new employee can be operated through training in 2 hours.
B, efficiency improves 1 times, and a work day can complete the trimming of nearly 30 plants of adult rhesus peach.
C, yield increases, and no side shoot takes up space, and directly growth has a plurality of bearing basal shoot on a major branch, increases As a result the frame EDS maps space of branch, makes yield can be improved about 30%.
D, bearing basal shoot is both conducive to fruits nutrition and absorbs balanced, raising kiwi fruit according to certain spacing ordered arrangement Real overall quality;It is conducive to carry out the operations such as artificial picking again.
E, tree-like marshalling, it is beautiful beautiful, there is gardening art sense organ.
Coating steel pipe frame and comprehensive utilization frame penstock installation spray irrigation system, cost is lower, and manages convenient, frame jail Gu stablizing, actinidia tree well-grown will not be rotten, had not only increased the yield of Kiwi berry, but also improve the quality of Kiwi berry.This Serial innovation, can Kiwi berry enter fruiting period two years shorten to by original triennium, can get bumper crops in third year.It is rich Term yield is increased to 2000 kilograms to 2500 kilograms of per mu yield by 1500 kilograms to 2000 kilograms original of per mu yield, and volume increase is close 30%.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural schematic diagram of frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system in Kiwi berry implantation methods of the present invention;
The structural schematic diagram of Kiwi berry branch when Fig. 2 is winter pruning in Kiwi berry implantation methods of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, but protection scope of the present invention is not limited solely to implement Example.
In conjunction with shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, a kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods include the following steps:
(1), full garden is ploughed deeply to improve the soil to apply fertilizer to the subsoil and is colonized with ridging:
A, it is 20 ° of gentle slopes below to select building well in the gradient, overground part trees and stub is cleared up, branches and leaves stay in ground Face is that 1 meter of full garden of wide digging machine is ploughed deeply with head is dug, and depth reaches 1 meter, and table soil and branches and leaves are buried in the earth, branches and leaves length of embedment Slope bank is scraped out gentle slope by 50cm hereinafter, simultaneously with digging machine flattened faces when encountering slope bank;
B, by seeding row spacing direction and plantation density requirement, field planting point is marked with lime, centered on field planting point, circumference 2 is flat 2 kilograms of the composite fertilizer of 70~95 kilograms of Chicken dung, 5 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, three 15 contents is sprinkled within the scope of square rice, then mixed with digging machine Uniform, 1 meter of interacting depth is closed, while 30~40cm high of ridging, the length direction on ridge are consistent with the direction on gentle slope;When ridging on ridge Surface width is 1.5~2.0m, or the round platform that the ridge shape risen is a diameter of 1.6~2.3m in upper surface.
C, field planting point is beaten in ridge upper surface, winter-spring season plants seedling;And check whether fertilising is uniformly mixed, if unmixed uniform, It is planted again after manually aside fertilizer being pushed to backfill before planting seedling,
(2), frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system are built:
Kiwi berry plantation frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system, including column 2, side pipe 1, longitudinal cross-arm 4, lateral cross-arm 3, three Port valve door 6, PE pipes 5 and steel wire.
Column 2 is by 4 meters of line-spacing and the arrangement of 5 meters of spacing in the rows, and the line-spacing that column 2 arranges is colonized line-spacing weight with Kiwi berry It closes.The upper end in the cultivation cell periphery is arranged in side pipe 1, and each cultivation cell only selects the side pipe 1 on one side to be used as this cell Water flowing main side pipe, head and the tail are connected to the main side pipe of all water flowings with threeway successively, are connected with water source, in addition three while while manage 1 is only used as frame fixed function.Be communicated with the smaller three-way valve 6 of a bore in threeway, a three-way valve 6 simultaneously with two Adjacent PE pipes 5 are connected to, and it is to reduce the water flow in PE pipes 5 that purpose is arranged in this way, helps to realize microspray irrigation.On PE pipes 5 It is provided with mini sprinkler, punching dress mini sprinkler, realizes spray irrigation by mini sprinkler, make at 5 upper edge Kiwi berry of PE pipes field planting point Frame and irrigation pipe network are comprehensively utilized.Steel wire surrounding is connect with side pipe 1, and steel wire is located at topmost.
2 lower end of column is lined with brick and is fixed by cement, can prevent column 2 from sinking, and improves stability.2 lower part of column It is coated with erosion resistant coating, plays antisepsis, improves 2 service life of column, the length of erosion resistant coating is 30~40cm, in the embodiment of the present invention Erosion resistant coating is pitch.
Longitudinal cross-arm 4 and the 3 right-angled intersection setting of lateral cross-arm, and each crosspoint nestles up a root post 2, it is longitudinal horizontal Load 4 and lateral cross-arm 3 are all fixed by the connecting fastening for steel pipe with column;The upside of longitudinal cross-arm 4 and lateral cross-arm 3 is all provided with It is equipped with heat shield, because their temperature after the sun shines are very high, and can detour after Kiwi berry shoot growth longitudinal cross-arm 4 and transverse direction 3 upside of cross-arm, setting heat shield can prevent from scalding dead arm item.The material that heat shield generally selects thermal coefficient low, usually uses bamboo chip , because bamboo chip is not only at low cost, and shape is similar with pipeline, is easily installed fixation.
A diameter of 48~50mm of side pipe 1, wall thickness are 2.5~3.0mm, a diameter of 48mm, the wall thickness of column 2 be 1.5~ A diameter of 48mm, the wall thickness of 2.0mm, longitudinal cross-arm 4 and lateral cross-arm 3 are 1.5~2.0mm.Side pipe 1 has been used as the main water irrigated Pipeline is generally connected to water source because will on water pipe thread, and hydraulic pressure is larger, so pipe 1 wall thickness in side is thicker, PE pipes 5 it is straight Diameter is 20~25mm.
When building, according to sequence from the bottom up, assembling successively is fixed, finally by the main pipeline of irrigation and cultivation cell Water flowing main side pipe connection.
(3), the winter pruning of Kiwi berry:
Two major branches 12 are only stayed on a piece mobile jib 11 of every Kiwi berry, and two major branches 12 are located at the two of mobile jib 11 Side, the bearing basal shoot 14 on major branch are all wiped out after result, stay the stake platform 13 of 1~2cm, while being selected and remain from major branch 12 or main Bearing basal shoot of the healthy and strong nutrition branch of current year life sent out on branch stake platform 13 as next year, and make bearing basal shoot 14 regularly arranged The both sides of major branch 12 are distributed in, 20~25cm is divided between the bearing basal shoot 14 of the same side, the bearing basal shoot 14 of both sides is alternatively arranged.
Finally it should be noted that:Above example is only to illustrate the present invention and not limits technology described in the invention Scheme, therefore, although this specification with reference to above-mentioned each embodiment to present invention has been detailed description, this Field it is to be appreciated by one skilled in the art that still can modify to the present invention or equivalent replacement, and all do not depart from this The technical solution of the spirit and scope of invention and its improvement should all be covered in scope of the presently claimed invention.

Claims (4)

1. a kind of Kiwi berry implantation methods, which is characterized in that include the following steps:
(1), full garden is ploughed deeply to improve the soil to apply fertilizer to the subsoil and is colonized with ridging:
A, it is 20 ° of gentle slopes below to select building well in the gradient, overground part trees and stub is cleared up, branches and leaves stand-down, uses Dig head be 1 meter of full garden of wide digging machine plough deeply, depth reaches 1 meter, and table soil and branches and leaves are buried in the earth, branches and leaves length of embedment 50cm with Under, while with digging machine flattened faces, slope bank is scraped out into gentle slope when encountering slope bank;
B, by seeding row spacing direction and plantation density requirement, field planting point is marked with lime, centered on field planting point, has an area of 2 square metres 2 kilograms of the composite fertilizer of 70~95 kilograms of Chicken dung, 5 kilograms of phosphate fertilizer, three 15 contents is sprinkled in range, then is mixed with digging machine equal It is even, 1 meter of interacting depth, while 30~40cm high of ridging, the length direction on ridge are consistent with the direction on gentle slope;
C, field planting point is beaten in ridge upper surface, winter-spring season plants seedling;And check whether fertilising is uniformly mixed, if unmixed uniform, planting Manually fertilizer is pushed aside after backfill before seedling and is planted again;
(2), frame and sprinkling irrigation integrated system are built:
A, frame and integrated system of spraying include column, Bian Guan, cross-arm, PE pipes and steel wire, and cross-arm includes lateral cross-arm and indulges To cross-arm, the cross-arm above the column and frame of frame is done with 50 coating steel pipes,
First column is arranged by 4 meters of line-spacing and 5 meters of spacing in the rows, column lower part brick pad is simultaneously fixed with cement, while column Lower part has been painted with the pitch of antisepsis,
Side pipe is arranged in the upper end of cultivation cell periphery again, cross-arm is set to the center upper end of cultivation cell, and cross-arm and column are used Connecting fastening for steel pipe is connected and fixed, and part is connected with steel tube between cross-arm and is connected and fixed, and each cell of cultivating only selects the side on one side to manage As a cell micro spray irrigation water flowing main side pipe, head and the tail are connected to the main side pipe of all water flowings with threeway successively, PE pipes with The main side pipe of water flowing is connected to, and the nozzle for sprinkling irrigation is provided on PE pipes;
Be provided with heat shield on the upside of cross-arm, steel pipe frame install after again in cloth steel wire above,
B, the main pipeline of irrigation is connected to the main side pipe of water flowing of cultivation cell;
(3), the winter pruning of Kiwi berry:
Two major branches are only stayed on a piece mobile jib of every Kiwi berry, and two major branches are located at the both sides of mobile jib, on major branch Bearing basal shoot is all wiped out after result, stays the stake platform of 1~2cm, while being selected and remain from major branch or what is sent out on major branch stake platform works as Bearing basal shoot of the healthy and strong nutrition branch of year life as next year, and make the regularly arranged both sides for being distributed in major branch of bearing basal shoot, together 20~25cm is divided between the bearing basal shoot of side, the bearing basal shoot of both sides is alternatively arranged.
2. Kiwi berry implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (1), when ridging on ridge Surface width is 1.5~2.0m.
3. Kiwi berry implantation methods according to claim 1 or 2, it is characterised in that:In the step (1), rise ridge Shape is the round platform of a diameter of 1.6~2.3m in upper surface.
4. Kiwi berry implantation methods according to claim 1, it is characterised in that:In the step (2), the side pipe (1) a diameter of 48~50mm, wall thickness are 2.5~3.0mm, and a diameter of 48mm, the wall thickness of the column are 1.5~2.0mm, described A diameter of 48mm of longitudinal cross-arm (4) and lateral cross-arm (3), wall thickness are 1.5~2.0mm, the PE pipes a diameter of 20~ 25mm。
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CN107581030A (en) * 2017-10-29 2018-01-16 湖北润安家庭农场有限公司 The irrigation method of actinidia tree
CN109757287A (en) * 2019-03-25 2019-05-17 四川和泽农业有限公司 A kind of Kiwi berry orchard establishment and implantation methods
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