CN104956992B - Two sections of cultivations that premature labor Actinidia garden is set up - Google Patents
Two sections of cultivations that premature labor Actinidia garden is set up Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
Abstract
The invention discloses two sections of cultivations that a kind of premature labor Actinidia garden is set up, it is related to the field of Kiwi berry building well mode.This method includes cultivating nutrient bag grafting：Prepare culture matrix and bag is planted by 30 × 35cm U.S.s；Seedling is transplanted, unified management in cool canopy is concentrated on；Rich water quality management after transplanting；Tree body is managed after transplanting；Winter grafting；Stock rudiment is removed after green sprouting in time；Grafting late maintaining；Field production is managed：Garden is selected, and clears up ground debris, smooth plot；Spread fertilizer over the fields material of improving the soil in ground；Plough deeply 60~80cm of soil；By line-spacing 4~5m ridgings；Built；Nutrient bag seedlings move into crop field；Field is conserved and shaping.Seedling centralized management of the present invention, improves grafting shoot survival percent；Seedlings balled transplanting, root system does not have seedling-slowing stage；Increase the organic matter and permeability of soil during improving the soil；Seedlings balled transplanting, restocking shaping is fast, Second Year can large result, into operation period.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the field of Kiwi berry building well mode, more particularly to two sections that a kind of premature labor Actinidia garden is set up
Cultivation.
Background technology
Late 1970s, China's Kiwi berry commercialization cultivation turns into world commerce macaque so far in whole nation expansion
The production and marketing big country of peach, about 7.0 ten thousand hectares of the cultivated area of national Kiwi berry accounts for about the 44% of world's cultivation gross area, much
Italy, New Zealand and Chile are exceeded.In the total output of global Kiwi berry, about 680,000 tons of China's annual production accounts for 34.0%,
As producing country the biggest in the world（The World kiwifruit review. A Publication of Bolrose, Inc. 2014.
Of Belrose, Inc.）.China's Kiwi berry business cultivation history existing more than 30 years, by the initial other fruit trees of reference and
Based on the cultivation technique for practising the country such as New Zealand, till now according to cultivar characteristic and domestic producing region soil, weather ring
The research promotion such as border condition high quality and yield cultivation techniques are guiding.1980s mid-term is to the mid-90, with macaque
The expansion of peach cultivated area, the requirement to cultivation technique is more and more urgent；In order to meet consumption it is growing the need for, with macaque
Peach stable high yield is main goal of attack, furthers investigate the Basic of Biology and key technology of Kiwi berry stable high yield, each main product province
A series of cultivation steps are worked out to promote in each producing region, have such as ploughed deeply and improve the soil, repaiied ventilation covered conduit, make green manure, hedge frame and T-shaped
Frame and triangle Simple rack planting type, in good time fertilising, are irrigated, timely collecting and because kind is because of the cultivation skill such as tree rational pruning in time
Art application, makes Kiwi berry yield rise year by year, and has sequentially formed the production lattice based on Shaanxi, Sichuan and Henan main product province
Office.
Nevertheless, the cultivation of China's Kiwi berry still suffers from many problems：
It is traditional planting models first, the 3rd year firstfruits after field planting is gone into operation on the 4th year, is entered within the 5th year and is abounded with the phase, treats term
It is long, during which there was only input, without output.For the enterprise of scale plantation and planting household, substantial amounts of early investment money is taken
Gold, pressure is big.
Next to that traditional planting models, field planting seedling growth 1 year grafting or annual grafting again, midway is repeatedly moved
Plant, seedling root comes to harm, and seedling-slowing stage easily occurs, plant percent is inconsistent, the reduction of garden regularity.Kiwi berry seedling
Phase needs manage with delicacy, the strong light exposure of fearness and water logging, and field planting, and because seedling growth is scattered, extensive management, survival rate is obvious
It is lower than concentrating nutrient bag to manage and protect.
With the national exports such as the high benefit of developing rapidly for Kiwi berry industry, particularly last decade and New Zealand to China
Actinidia high price, attracted more people input Kiwi berry industries；Particularly Kiwi berry field of planting, if pressed
According to traditional mode plantation, then substantial amounts of fund is occupied, how much the shortcoming into fruiting period length have impact on investment Kiwi berry field
Personnel's confidence, particularly some new enterprisers for being transferred to field of planting, because not knowing about the growth characteristics of Kiwi berry, in the garden of selection
Occur many problems when ground and building well, cause the garden late growing stage built up poor, go into operation slow, yield poorly, disease is serious.
In order to study the cultivation mode of early operation, 2008 start, more than applicant and the retired tobacco expert of Sichuan Liangshan District one
With bright team unity, technical scheme is gone out by us, they are embodied, the experiment by 6 years is groped, have developed a kind of early operation
Two-stage method cultivation mode, plantation Second Year goes into operation, and more than per mu yield 1500kg abounds with the 3rd year, significantly shortens and treats term, invests
The recovery time limit was compressed to 3 years by traditional 5 years.
The content of the invention
The purpose of the present invention be that overcome prior art exist shortcoming and defect there is provided a kind of premature labor Actinidia
Two sections of cultivations that garden is set up.
The object of the present invention is achieved like this：Nutrient bag seedlings are cultivated by concentrating, one is provided for Kiwi berry seedling
The suitable environment of loose fertile, illumination, makes its rapid seedling；Seedlings band soil mud is entered into garden again, garden planting survival rates are reached
100%, field planting crop field then can restocking shaping, Second Year is to enter operation period.
Specifically, the present invention includes two stages, and each stage has the following steps：
First stage：Cultivate nutrient bag grafting
1. prepare culture matrix and bag is planted by 30 × 35cm U.S.s；
2. seedling is transplanted, unified management in cool canopy is concentrated on；
3. rich water quality management after transplanting；
4. tree body is managed after transplanting；
5. winter grafting；
6. stock rudiment is removed after green sprouting in time；
7. grafting late maintaining；
Second stage：Field production is managed
1. garden is selected, and clears up ground debris, smooth plot；
2. material of improving the soil, particularly organic material are spread fertilizer over the fields in ground；
3. 60~80cm of soil is ploughed deeply；
4. line-spacing 4~5m ridgings are pressed；
5. built；
6. nutrient bag seedlings move into crop field；
7. field maintenance and shaping.
The present invention has following advantages and good effect：
1. seedling is managed concentratedly, improves grafting shoot survival percent；
2. seedlings balled transplanting, root system does not have seedling-slowing stage, does not compress the seedling growth phase；
3. increase thick organic material and organic fertilizer during improving the soil, increase the organic matter and permeability of soil；
4. seedlings balled transplanting, is not required to wipe out ground growth of seedling part, continues normal growth, and restocking shaping is fast, and second
Year can large result, into operation period.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the step flow chart of this method；
Fig. 2 is seedling replanting centralized management shape picture；
Fig. 3 is 1 year winter of seedling management fallen leaves shape picture；
After Fig. 4 is winter grafting, spring rudiment shape picture；
Fig. 5 is seedling root shape pictures of the grafting centralized management 5-6 after individual month；
Fig. 6 is seedling growth shape pictures of the grafting centralized management 5-6 after individual month；
Fig. 7 is season of growth band earthy picture；
Fig. 8 is the season of growth to transplant crop field shape picture；
Fig. 9 is to be colonized growth shape picture after winter pruning then；
Figure 10 is to be colonized Second Year spring young sprout after winter pruning then to grow shape picture；
Figure 11 is that field planting Second Year is yielded positive results one of shape picture；
Figure 12 is to be colonized Second Year to yield positive results two pictures of shape.
Embodiment
Since 2008, successively Xichang Tian Xi gardens company Jiang Po bases, Xichang Kang Qing companies walnut village base and
Test in Chang Xing companies Xi Xi bases.
Describe in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples：
First, method
Such as Fig. 1,
First stage：Cultivate nutrient bag grafting -10
1. prepare culture matrix and bag is planted by 30 × 35cm U.S.s, per packed matrix about 15kg -11
Prepare culture matrix by the target of 8000 plants of nutrient bags of culture, matrix components are：Turfy soil, fine perlite, in
Husky, vegetable garden soil, four ratios are：5：1：2：2；Plus a small amount of composite fertilizer（0.1%）With soil fungicides, insecticide（Soil disinfection is gone out
Bacterium and subterranean pest-insect）；Abundant puddle is mixed, standby；Purchase 8000 is beautiful to plant bag, and specification is 30 × 35cm.
2. seedling is transplanted, unified management -12 in cool canopy is concentrated on
The selection cloudy day operates in cool canopy, U.S. will be moved into during 7~10 true leaves of seedling sowed then and plant bag, before transplanting
2~3 days, permeable is poured to sowing garden, soil is in moisture state；Band point soil, hinders seedlings root, after transplanting less as far as possible during transplanting
Root water is filled with enough, unified management in cool canopy is concentrated on；Seedling must shelter from heat or light immediately after planting；
Soil moisture status is observed after transplanting at any time, the timely moisturizing of watering of arid is met, promotes seedling to survive.
3. rich water quality management -13 after transplanting
After seedling replanting is survived 1 month, poured every 15~20 days and apply thin rich water, can select 0.01%~0.02% urine
Plain water or extremely thin liquid dung, biogas slurry etc., which are poured, to be applied or foliage-spray, while attention control seedling phytophthora root rot and subterranean pest-insect such as grub,
Cutworm etc..
4. tree body management -14 after transplanting
It is pinching when seedling length is to 50 more than cm, promotes seedling stem thickening, it is right when stem sends out second of young sprout
The lateral bud sprouted in base portion 30cm height is all erased in time, the second branch length that more than 30cm sprouts to 3~4 leaf pinching；
When seedling length is to more than 50cm, in addition to strong light weather shelters from heat or light to seedling, remaining time is both needed to take off out sunshade net, is subject to
Hardening, promotes branch is sturdy to enrich.
5. winter grafting -15
To before rudiment after winter fallen leaves, 8~10cm locates diameter up to more than 0.7cm seedling to selection seedling trunk from the ground
Make stock grafting cultivar；After cultivar is selected, sturdy annotinous branch is selected to make scion, it is desirable to which luxuriant is satisfied on branch
Full, branch surface is smooth, and the pith cavity of branch is small；Grafting is carried out using conventional cut-grafting or side grafting method.
6. stock rudiment -16 is removed after green sprouting in time
After green sprouting, the grafting stock of rigid connection easily sprouts young sprout, need to erase in time, otherwise easily influences that budders to be cured
Close and budder and sprout the growth of young sprout, this work is applied in the whole management of late maintaining.
7. grafting late maintaining, strengthens soil and rich water quality management, promotes grafting growth -17
Budder after surviving and branching out, in time in alms bowl interpolation pillar, bondage young sprout, it is ensured that its vertical growth；Strengthen simultaneously in alms bowl
The loose and water management of soil, keeps ground moistening, the material such as soil covered ground husk in alms bowl can be taken by having ready conditions；When connecing
Bud germination and growth, you can impose the urea water of an instant nitrogenousfertilizer such as 0.3%, later every 20 days or so the quick-acting rich water of Shi Yici,
As urea water can bring up to 0.5%, preferably thin liquid dung or biogas slurry promote seedling growth；While attention control disease pest.
Second stage：Field production management -20
1. garden is selected, and clears up ground debris, smooth plot -21
Selection has a good transport service, and has abundant water resources, and the convenient local building well of draining, the plot gradient is more preferably less than 25 degree.Cleaning ground
Face debris, Garden Planning is carried out to base；
20 centimeters of the plot top layer soil that Xiu Gouhuo roads are intended on the basis of planning is dug out, for filling and leading up significant depressions
Region, or it is evenly laid out in plot surface, it is ensured that Land leveling；
2. material of improving the soil, particularly organic material -22 are spread fertilizer over the fields in ground
Every mu is spread fertilizer over the fields thick organic material, includes 4 tons of stalk, bacteria residue and the excrement of pigs and cattle horse of crushing；Smart organic fertilizer includes cake
2 tons of fertilizer, bone meal, brid guano and sheep manure, 100 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate, 80 kilograms of quick lime；
Lime is sprinkling upon above thick organic material, and calcium magnesium phosphate and 40 days use of organic fertilizer pile fermentation.
3. 60~80cm-23 of soil is ploughed deeply
With digging machine by the cm of soil deep tillage 70, soil block is smashed, and the material of improving the soil spread fertilizer over the fields with ground is fully mixed；
4. line-spacing 4~5m ridgings, such as good soil of draining, a height of 20~30cm-24 in ridge are pressed
5. built -25
Frame is set up in level land by greenhouse frame, mountain region terraced fields by T-shaped pony set, and particular order is first mounting column, and material can
Use concrete column（8-10cm square）Or steel pipe（50mm）, sturdy timber etc. all can, column 2.5~2.6m of overall length is embedded to underground part
Divide 70~80cm, the m of aerial part 1.8, the line-spacing of pillar is consistent with ridge line-spacing, the spacing in the rows 6m of pillar；Second installs crossbeam, horizontal
Beam material can be look at steel, 40mm angle bar, 30mm steel pipes, bamboo bar or rod etc., it is desirable to set up consolidation；3rd installs iron wire, iron wire
Direction is with row to parallel, and the density between iron wire is 50~60cm.
6. nutrient bag seedlings move into crop field：When seedling length to 1m or so, bag seedling direct transplantation is planted into by U.S. and enters crop field, spacing in the rows
1.5~3 meter -26
By spacing in the rows（1.5~3m）Semicircle planting pit is dug, ground cave diameter 50cm, vertical depth 40cm are put into 0.1M per cave2
Turfy soil or height curing sandy loam vegetable garden soil, fully mixed thoroughly with the soil that digs out；A diameter 30cm is dug when planting seedling again, it is deep
35cm vesicle, plants bag bottom surrounding by U.S. and cuts, be put into cave, take out sack, then backfills Soil Surrounding, and makes backfill soil
Combined closely with outside soil in nutrient bag, sack is slightly above 5~10 centimetres of ground, irrigate root water sink after reality with ground
Face flushes with or slightly higher than ground；
7. field maintenance and shaping -27
After seedling planting, pillar is inserted immediately, aerial part is guided into frame face；And by the double main stems of single trunk（2~3m of spacing in the rows）
Shaping or single trunk list main stem（1.5~2m of spacing in the rows）Shaping；The upper branch to frame face all retains, and the later stage strengthens field rich water pipe
Reason, promotes seedling growth.
2nd, embodiment
1st, Sichuan Province China province Liangshan Mountain autonomous prefecture regional Xichang Tian Xi gardens company Jiang Po bases, 5 mu of seedling raising greenhouses, 10 mu of sand
Territory, draining is unobstructed, suitable for plantation.
Time is 2008-2009, and the method taken is completely with the explanation of this method.
2nd, its effect is illustrated with reference to picture：
1）Such as Fig. 2, seedling concentration is sowed then and transplants the management in nutrient bag.
2）Such as Fig. 3, seedling reaches i.e. graftable after grafting rugosity, winter fallen leaves after culture 1 year.
3）Such as Fig. 4, after winter grafting, Second Year spring starts rudiment.
4）Such as Fig. 5, grafting is through Second Year management in 5-6 months, and well developed root system, fibrous root is more.
5）Such as Fig. 6, grafting is good for shape through Second Year management in 5-6 months, growth, and length is more than 1 meter.
6）Such as Fig. 7, the grafting season of growth grows shape in bag is planted by U.S..
7）Such as Fig. 8, the grafting season of growth transplants crop field shape.
8）Such as Fig. 9, shape is grown after the winter pruning then of grafting transplantation of seedlings crop field.
9）Such as Figure 10, grafting transplantation of seedlings crop field Second Year spring young sprout growth shape.
10）Such as Figure 11, grafting transplantation of seedlings crop field Second Year is yielded positive results one of shape.
11）Such as Figure 12, grafting transplantation of seedlings crop field Second Year yields positive results the two of shape.
3rd, effect assessment,
1）Field planting survival rate 100%, seedling growth is fast, restocking then, and cloth shelfful face more than half；
2）Move into crop field Second Year to go into operation, per mu yield reaches 1100kg, enters within the 3rd year and abounds with the phase, per mu yield reaches 1620kg, enters
Abound with the phase；Enter within 2 years more early than traditional planting models operation period and abound with the phase, shorten the cost recovery time limit.
Claims (1)
1. two sections of cultivations that a kind of premature labor Actinidia garden is set up, comprise the following steps：
First stage：Cultivate nutrient bag grafting and 1. prepare culture matrix and 30 × 35cm U.S.s plant bag；
2. seedling is transplanted, unified management in cool canopy is concentrated on；
3. rich water quality management after transplanting；
4. tree body is managed after transplanting；
5. winter grafting；
6. stock rudiment is removed after green sprouting in time；
7. grafting late maintaining；
Second stage：Field production is managed
1. garden is selected, and clears up ground debris, smooth plot；
2. material of improving the soil, i.e. organic material are spread fertilizer over the fields in ground；
3. 60~80cm of soil is ploughed deeply；
4. line-spacing 4~5m ridgings are pressed；
5. built；
6. nutrient bag seedlings move into crop field；
7. field maintenance and shaping；
It is characterized in that：
Described first stage, cultivate nutrient bag grafting：
1. prepare culture matrix and bag is planted by 30 × 35cm U.S.s, per packed matrix about 15kg
Prepare culture matrix by the target of 8000 plants of nutrient bags of culture, matrix components are：Turfy soil, fine perlite, middle husky, dish
Garden mould, four ratios are：5：1：2：2；Plus a small amount of composite fertilizer and soil fungicides, insecticide；Abundant puddle is mixed, standby；Purchase
8000 U.S. plant bags are bought, specification is 30 × 35cm；
2. seedling is transplanted, unified management in cool canopy is concentrated on
The selection cloudy day operates in cool canopy, U.S. will be moved into during 7~10 true leaves of seedling sowed then and plant bag, and transplant preceding 2~3
My god, permeable is poured to sowing garden, soil is in moisture state；Band point soil, is filled with enough after hindering seedlings root, transplanting less as far as possible during transplanting
Root water, concentrates on unified management in cool canopy；Seedling must shelter from heat or light immediately after planting；
Soil moisture status is observed after transplanting at any time, the timely moisturizing of watering of arid is met, promotes seedling to survive；
3. rich water quality management after transplanting
After seedling replanting is survived 1 month, poured every 15~20 days and apply thin rich water, from 0.01%~0.02% urea water
Or extremely thin liquid dung, biogas slurry are poured and applied or foliage-spray, while attention control seedling phytophthora root rot and subterranean pest-insect；
4. tree body is managed after transplanting
It is pinching when seedling length is to more than 50cm, promotes seedling stem thickening, when stem sends out second of young sprout, to base portion
The lateral bud sprouted in 30cm height is all erased in time, the second branch length that more than 30cm sprouts to 3~4 leaf pinching；
When seedling length is to more than 50cm, in addition to strong light weather shelters from heat or light to seedling, remaining time is both needed to take off out sunshade net, is refined
Seedling, promotes branch is sturdy to enrich；
5. winter grafting
To before rudiment after winter fallen leaves, 8~10cm locates diameter and reaches more than 0.7cm seedling to make anvil selection seedling trunk from the ground
Wooden grafting cultivation kind；After cultivar is selected, sturdy annotinous branch is selected to make scion, it is desirable to which luxuriant is full on branch,
Branch surface is smooth, and the pith cavity of branch is small；Grafting is carried out using conventional cut-grafting or side grafting method；
6. stock rudiment is removed after green sprouting in time
After green sprouting, the grafting stock of rigid connection easily sprouts young sprout, need to erase in time, otherwise easily influence the healing buddered and
Budder and sprout the growth of young sprout, this work is applied in the whole management of late maintaining；
7. grafting late maintaining, strengthens soil and rich water quality management, promotes grafting growth
Budder after surviving and branching out, in time in alms bowl interpolation pillar, bondage young sprout, it is ensured that its vertical growth；Strengthen soil in alms bowl simultaneously
Loose and water management, keep ground moistening；When germination and growth of buddering, you can impose 0.3% urine of an instant nitrogenousfertilizer
Plain water, later every 20 days or so the quick-acting rich water of Shi Yici；While attention control disease pest；
Described second stage, field production management：
1. garden is selected, and clears up ground debris, smooth plot
Selection has a good transport service, and has abundant water resources, the convenient local building well of draining, clears up ground debris, Garden Planning is carried out to base；
20 centimeters of the plot top layer soil that Xiu Gouhuo roads are intended on the basis of planning is dug out, for filling and leading up significant depressions area
Domain, or it is evenly laid out in plot surface, it is ensured that Land leveling；
2. material of improving the soil is spread fertilizer over the fields on ground, is that every mu of organic material spreads fertilizer over the fields thick organic material, including the stalk of crushing, bacteria residue and pigs and cattle horse
4 tons of excrement；Smart organic fertilizer includes 2 tons of cake fertilizer, bone meal, brid guano and sheep manure, 100 kilograms of calcium magnesium phosphate, 80 kilograms of quick lime；
Lime is sprinkling upon above thick organic material, and calcium magnesium phosphate and 40 days use of organic fertilizer pile fermentation；
3. 60~80cm of soil is ploughed deeply
With digging machine by soil deep tillage 70cm, soil block is smashed, and the material of improving the soil spread fertilizer over the fields with ground is fully mixed；
4. line-spacing 4~5m ridgings, the good soil of draining, a height of 20~30cm in ridge are pressed；
5. built
Frame is set up in level land by greenhouse frame, mountain region terraced fields by T-shaped pony set, and particular order is first mounting column, pillar overall length 2.5
~2.6m, is embedded to 70~80cm of under ground portion, and aerial part 1.8m, the line-spacing of pillar is consistent with ridge line-spacing, the spacing in the rows 6m of pillar；
Second installs crossbeam, it is desirable to set up consolidation；3rd installs iron wire, and iron wire direction is with capable to parallel, and the density between iron wire is 50
~60cm；
6. nutrient bag seedlings move into crop field：When seedling length to 1m or so, bag seedling direct transplantation is planted into by U.S. and enters crop field, spacing in the rows 1.5
~3 meters
Semicircle planting pit is dug by 1.5~3m of spacing in the rows, ground cave diameter 50cm, vertical depth 40cm are put into 0.1M per cave2Turf
Soil or the sandy loam vegetable garden soil of height curing, are fully mixed thoroughly with the soil that digs out；A diameter 30cm is dug when planting seedling again, deep 35cm's is small
Cave, plants bag bottom surrounding by U.S. and cuts, be put into cave, take out sack, then backfills Soil Surrounding, and makes backfill soil and nutrient bag
Middle outside soil is combined closely, and sack is slightly above 5~10 centimetres of ground, irrigate root water sink it is concordant with ground after reality or
Slightly above ground；
7. field maintenance and shaping
After seedling planting, pillar is inserted immediately, aerial part is guided into frame face；And by the double main stem shapings of single trunk or single trunk list master
Climing shaping；The upper branch to frame face all retains, and the later stage strengthens field rich water quality management, promotes seedling growth.
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| CN105766526A (en) * | 2016-04-06 | 2016-07-20 | 申金容 | Method for ecological planting of kiwi fruit |
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| CN103270920A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-09-04 | 贾兰虹 | Kiwi seedling cultivation method |
| CN103392551A (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2013-11-20 | 恩施州益寿天然果品有限公司 | Planting and cultivating method for kiwi fruits |
| CN104509377A (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-04-15 | 杨江莲 | Artificial cultivation method of wild kiwi fruit trees |
| CN104542005A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-29 | 安徽箐箐生态食品开发有限公司 | Grafting method for Chinese gooseberry monoecism |
| CN104542004A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-29 | 安徽箐箐生态食品开发有限公司 | Grafting method of multiple varieties of kiwi fruit |
| CN104542151A (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2015-04-29 | 江苏逸夏果园有限公司 | Planting method for kiwi fruits |
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