CN107318496B - Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station - Google Patents
Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN107318496B CN107318496B CN201710705217.6A CN201710705217A CN107318496B CN 107318496 B CN107318496 B CN 107318496B CN 201710705217 A CN201710705217 A CN 201710705217A CN 107318496 B CN107318496 B CN 107318496B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- photovoltaic
- kiwi fruit
- light
- greenhouse
- photovoltaic array
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/04—Electric or magnetic or acoustic treatment of plants for promoting growth
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/12—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries using renewable energies, e.g. solar water pumping
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for realizing weak light diffused light illumination of a kiwi fruit orchard combined with a photovoltaic power station, wherein the kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station comprises a kiwi fruit forest and a photovoltaic array unit; the photovoltaic array unit comprises photovoltaic wires, and each photovoltaic wire comprises an upright post and a cross beam connected with the upright post; the upright posts provide support for the growth of the kiwi fruits; the number of the photovoltaic array units is N, wherein N is more than or equal to 1; the greenhouse is characterized in that the greenhouse special glass is adopted to realize weak light diffused light illumination. The greenhouse special glass is installed on the frame on the existing photovoltaic component in the photovoltaic power station, the photovoltaic component and the greenhouse special glass are combined in a proper position according to the design of actual needs in proportion, and the openable and closable adjustable shading device is assisted at the greenhouse special glass to convert direct light into diffused light and convert strong light into weak light, so that high light transmittance, uniformity, adjustability and selectivity of illumination are realized, and the growth of kiwi fruits is facilitated.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of fruit tree planting, and particularly relates to a method for realizing weak light and diffuse light illumination of a kiwi fruit orchard combined with a photovoltaic power station.
Background
First, basic conditions of photovoltaic power generation
China is one of the most abundant countries of the world with the most abundant solar energy resources, and is the largest world producing country of solar cell panels. Photovoltaic power generation is a new energy project supported by the nation, the industry currently depends on the government, and the income comes from 'renewable energy development fund' of the ministry of finance, and the national power grid is responsible for issuing and paying. The construction of the photovoltaic power station requires the approval of local governments (national soil, electric power, water conservancy and the like) and the approval of energy authorities.
Photovoltaic power station form
At present, the following forms are mainly included:
1. centralized photovoltaic (ground) power station: the initial stage of photovoltaic power generation application is characterized by large scale, mainly concentrated in a western well-lighted place and basically and directly paved on the ground. But western photovoltaic power generation is too much, and the power consumption demand is in eastern, and the electric wire netting can not send out, and it is high to abandon the electric rate.
2. Distributed photovoltaic power plant: distributed versus centralized means that with distributed resources, smaller installed power generation systems are deployed in the vicinity of the users, typically connected to a grid of less than 35 kv or lower. After years of support, the scale is still limited.
3. And (3) agricultural light complementation: with the gradual improvement of technical engineering, the investment of photovoltaic power generation units is greatly reduced, and the profit can be realized in the middle east area with relatively poor illumination and is closer to the electricity demand. However, most of the land which can meet the requirement of the photovoltaic power generator amount in the middle east is agricultural land. The initial agriculture complementation, or the photovoltaic agriculture called in the photovoltaic field, is mostly characterized by the fact that the agriculture develops the photovoltaic with the seed complementation. 12 and 2 days 2015, the department of national resources issues a 'land control index for photovoltaic power station engineering project' national resource standard [ 2015 ] 11 in the form of a normative file, the standard is implemented from 1 and 1 day 2016, and the standard formulation follows one of the principles to embody the principle of protecting cultivated land and saving intensive land. In 2016, month 11, the event "Paris treaty" on global climate control became officially effective. The energy-saving and emission-reducing industry is realized, and the agricultural light complementation plays a role in the industry.
The real agricultural light complementation is realized, the agricultural stress is taken as the basis, and the photovoltaic strain is high, wide and thin. The length is from the basic direct laying on the ground to more than two meters off the ground, thus being co-stained with the sunshine, rain and dew of crops; widening, large row spacing, and considering the needs of crop growth and mechanical operation; the photovoltaic array is thin, three or four assemblies are spliced together in the width direction of the conventional photovoltaic array, the photovoltaic array is thick and short, the relative shadow area is large, the shadow left for crops is large, the photovoltaic array can be formed into a spliced block, two blocks are spliced together, and the photovoltaic array is long and high, so that the shadow given to the crops is also small. Since the complementation is realized, the 'agriculture' is also adjusted, and the variety (combination), the agricultural machinery and the agricultural technology are fused, and the photovoltaic is better matched. More importantly, the agriculture is further adjusted to higher economic benefit, so that farmers are willing to manage the agriculture, and the enthusiasm of farmers in planting management is deeply mobilized. The method is good in the aspects, and the deep fusion of agriculture and photovoltaic power stations is realized, so that the agriculture and photovoltaic power stations are upgraded from agriculture and photovoltaic complementation to agriculture and photovoltaic integration.
(II) solar cell material
At present, the solar cell materials for industrial large-scale application comprise single crystal, polycrystal and thin film, wherein the single crystal and the polycrystal are opaque, and the light transmittance of the thin film solar cell can be adjusted between 5% and 30% according to requirements.
Agricultural light complementary existing illumination solution
Intermittent arrangement of crystal silicon modules
The crystal silicon assemblies are arranged intermittently, namely, the crystal silicon assemblies are subjected to geometric light splitting, namely, a part of light is irradiated on the photovoltaic cells and converted into solar energy for power generation, and a part of light is reserved for plants (or animals), provided that the crystal silicon assemblies are arranged intermittently according to the designed crop combination and the intermittent proportion of the assemblies. Uneven illumination, easy appearance of yin-yang sheds and no effective regulation according to seasons and crop varieties.
(II) thin film solar cell
The thin-film solar cell has certain light transmittance which can be adjusted according to needs. The light transmitted by the thin-film solar cell is "filtered" light, not "natural light". Due to different technical routes and processes, the spectrum range of transmitted light of the thin-film solar cell is different, and the transmitted light is not necessarily the spectrum component required by plant photosynthesis. Once selected, the transmitted spectrum is determined. The light transmittance is not high and cannot be adjusted.
The practical commercial scale of thin film solar cells is currently low relative to crystalline silicon cells.
Limitation of
The existing agricultural light complementation is mainly based on photovoltaic, and the space of photovoltaic modules and the row spacing of arrays usually take the requirements of photovoltaic power generation as a reference, and often exceeds or cannot meet the requirements of plants under (among) photovoltaic panels. Needless to say, the economic benefit and the planting structure of crops can be adjusted in the life cycle of the photovoltaic module of more than twenty-five years, and the illumination is not adjustable.
Kiwi fruit industry
Industrial status and development potential
Chinese gooseberry (Actinidia Lindl.) is one of four fruit trees (Chinese gooseberry, blueberry, avocado and macadamia nut) which are most successful in artificial domestication and cultivation of wild fruit trees in the 20 th century. China is the origin of most of actinidia germplasm resources, and 54 actinidia germplasm resources are originated from China, and 52 actinidia germplasm resources are originated from China. The fruit is very popular with growers and consumers because of its unique flavor, rich in vitamin C, dietary fiber and various mineral substances, and has the effects of clearing intestines and invigorating stomach. Although the fruit is listed as a small fruit tree crop, the development is rapid. In 1978, the planting area of Chinese kiwi fruits is less than 1hm2And the total planting area is increased to 4 kilohm by 199021996 up to 4 ten thousand hm2. Particularly, the development trend is strong in more than ten years recently, the fruiting area of Chinese kiwi fruits is changed in a jumping way from 2014 to 2015, the fruiting area in 2014 is increased by 81.3% compared with that in 2013, and the fruiting area in 2015 is increased by 72.4% compared with that in 2014. At present, regardless of the total area or the total output, China is the first place in the world and far exceeds New Zealand and Italy, so that Chinese kiwi fruits play a very important role in the world kiwi fruit industry.
Although the kiwi fruit industry in China develops rapidly, the area and the yield of the kiwi fruit are less than those of bulk fruits such as apples and pears. Currently, from an area perspective, 1/28 for apples only, 1/10 for pears; from the yield point of view, 1/31 for apple and 1/14 for pear. According to the calculation of 260 million tons of output and 13 hundred million of population of the output of Chinese kiwi fruit in 2015 in 2016 of the 2016 cany meeting of the sixth national kiwi fruit workshop of the Chinese horticulture academy, the average Chinese kiwi fruit accounts for only 2 kilograms, which is lower than the level of more than 3.0 kilograms of all Chinese people in New Zealand, Italy, Greece, Spanish and the like, and is far lower than 29 kilograms of all Chinese apple people. With the increasing income and consumption level of residents and the increasing of the awareness of nutrition and health care, the demand of kiwi fruits is increased continuously. If the consumption of Chinese gooseberries per capita reaches 5 kg/year, the annual output required by the Chinese gooseberries in the domestic market is about 650 ten thousand tons. According to the total yield of the kiwi fruits estimated by the international kiwi fruit organization in 2013 in the world and 70 hundred million of people all over the world at present, the per-person consumption of fresh kiwi fruits in the world is about 0.35 kg, if the per-person consumption reaches 2 kg/year, the worldwide demand needs 14000 million of kiwi fruits, and the potential for industrial development is large.
(II) investment requirement for industry development
The yangtao vine needs to be put into a frame material, and has the characteristics of poor environmental adaptability, high management difficulty and obvious high-input and high-yield characteristics. In the aspect of illumination, most kiwi fruits belong to tree species with medium photophobia, are fond of semi-shady environment, are sensitive to strong light illumination, require the sunshine time to be 1300-2600 hours, are fond of diffuse light and are forbidden to be directly irradiated by strong light, and the natural illumination intensity is preferably 40% -45%; the kiwi fruits have different requirements on illumination in different tree ages, for example, the kiwi fruits like shady and cool in the seedling stage and need to be appropriately shaded; adult trees need good illumination conditions to ensure growth and fruiting, but are afraid of strong sunlight and strong light exposure, or fruit sunscald, leaf edge scorching and the like can be generated, and even the serious trees die. In the aspect of temperature, the kiwi fruit is a fruit tree which cannot resist high temperature, and in a vast kiwi fruit production area in China, high temperature, drought and strong light often simultaneously act synergistically to seriously influence the growth and development of a tree body; in high-temperature and arid regions, the temperature reaches over 38-40 ℃ in 7-8 months, and under the conditions of direct sunlight, no shading, continuous days without rain and lack of irrigation, sunscald often occurs; the sun burn occurs on leaves, fruits, branches and trunks, but the fruits, leaves and old and weak vines are damaged more, and particularly the leaves and the fruits can reach the fruit burning rate and the fruit falling rate of 30-50%. In addition, the kiwi fruit is tender, long and crisp, large and thin in leaves, and dry and broken branches are usually caused by strong wind in spring; the dry hot wind in summer can lead to withered leaf margins and withered leaves, and seriously affect the growth and development of the tree body.
When a garden is built, besides basic investments such as nursery stocks, fertilizers and the like, frame materials are required to be added; in addition, as the sapling likes yin, a sunshade net is covered to be used as a sunshade; because of wind scariness, protective forests are constructed in advance around windy areas when gardens are built. In the aspect of frame materials, a horizontal greenhouse frame is adopted, the height of the frame surface is 1.8-2.0 m, and one steel wire is pulled to two sides of the frame surface every 50cm by taking the upright column as the center to form the greenhouse frame surface; the frame material is made of two materials of cement column or stainless steel; the top of the high upright post is provided with a steel wire, and the steel wire and the wire drawing on the frame surface form an isosceles triangle to form a sunshade net (manually net-surfing) supporting structure; a column is obliquely embedded outside the outermost circle of upright columns (high and low) on the periphery of each land, so that steel wires can be conveniently tensioned, the steel wires are flat with the surface of a frame, and after the steel wires are obliquely embedded into the soil, ground anchors are embedded into the soil; and a sunshade net is built in 1-2 years, so that the survival number of the seedlings can be greatly increased. The investment of the frame material and the shading net is about 4000-5000 yuan per mu, and the frame material and the shading net are labor-consuming, so that the problem is a fundamental problem for restricting a large number of investors to develop the kiwi fruit industry.
The development of a novel industry is the direction of future economic development, and brings new opportunities for the development of traditional agriculture. If can combine together photovoltaic power generation and kiwi fruit industry, undoubtedly brought new chance for the industry development, the intensive land of having utilized simultaneously has improved unit area economic benefits, at the photovoltaic power generation industrial base that the suitable kiwi fruit was planted, carries out forest (kiwi fruit) -light integration industrial design, has huge success possibility.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to better meet the growth of fruit trees in a kiwi fruit orchard combined with a photovoltaic power station, the invention provides a kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffused light illumination implementation method combined with the photovoltaic power station, wherein the kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station comprises a kiwi fruit forest and a photovoltaic array unit; the photovoltaic array unit comprises photovoltaic wires, and each photovoltaic wire comprises an upright post and a cross beam connected with the upright post; the upright posts provide support for the growth of the kiwi fruits; the number of the photovoltaic array units is N, wherein N is more than or equal to 1; the greenhouse is characterized in that the greenhouse special glass is adopted to realize weak light diffused light illumination.
Further, the photovoltaic array unit also comprises a photovoltaic component; the photovoltaic assembly comprises a cell arrangement assembly and a frame surrounding the cell arrangement assembly; by utilizing the frame, the special glass for the greenhouse is arranged between the photovoltaic modules.
Furthermore, at least two pieces of parallel greenhouse special glass are arranged between the photovoltaic modules; the parallel special glass for the greenhouse is provided with a sliding rail and a pulley in a matching way, and the sliding rail and the pulley are used for adjusting the overlapping degree of the parallel special glass for the greenhouse, so that the purpose of adjusting the width of the parallel special glass for the greenhouse is achieved.
Furthermore, the special glass for the greenhouse is assisted by an openable and closable adjustable shading device.
Preferably, the shade device comprises an automatic shade and/or a non-automatic shade.
Furthermore, a light conversion film is arranged for supporting by utilizing a frame, a vertical column and/or a beam, and the opening and closing function is assisted. The light conversion film, also called light conversion agricultural film, multifunctional agricultural film, etc. is characterized by that according to the characteristics of photosynthesis of plant to utilize light, the light conversion adjuvant and medium adjuvant are added in the formula of agricultural film, so that the light spectrum required for specific plant can be selectively passed through. The design of the light conversion film is mainly reserved for plants interplanted with kiwi fruits and plants adjusted by planting structures. The area of the light conversion film is designed according to actual needs, and the adjustability and the selectivity of illumination are realized.
Furthermore, kiwi fruit seedlings in a kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station are fixedly planted in the relative shadow areas; when the kiwi fruit trees grow to 1.8-2.3m, carrying out single main vine racking management, namely enabling the permanent bone branches of each kiwi fruit tree to be single and grow towards the interval direction between the photovoltaic array units, and controlling the length of each kiwi fruit tree to be 2.0-3.0 m; the length of fruiting mother branch on permanent bone branch is controlled at 1.5-2.0 m.
Preferably, the length of the permanent bone branches is controlled to be 2.5 m; as a result, the length of the parent branch was controlled to 1.8 m.
Further, a plurality of photovoltaic array units are arranged side by side, and each photovoltaic array unit is a row, so that a photovoltaic array is formed; the kiwi fruit seedlings are planted in the relative shadow areas of the photovoltaic array units in rows, and the distance between the first plant and the third plant in three adjacent plants in the same row is 3.5-4.5 m; the growth directions of the permanent bone branches of two adjacent kiwi fruit trees in the same row are opposite. The distance is set so that a gap of about 0.5 m is reserved between two adjacent fruiting mother branches, and manual management and operation are facilitated.
Preferably, the above-mentioned pitch is 4 m.
Furthermore, the growth directions of the permanent bone branches of two kiwi fruit trees on adjacent rows in the same row are the same.
Furthermore, the shade-resistant economic dwarf crops, medicinal materials and/or green manure are interplanted below the surface of the kiwi fruit frame. The method is beneficial to improving economic benefits, improving orchard soil, improving fertility, promoting tree growth, increasing yield, reducing orchard fertilizer input, and simultaneously reducing management such as weeding and watering.
Has the advantages that:
the special glass for the greenhouse, namely the diffused light glass, changes sunlight into scattered light to the maximum extent through special pattern design and antireflection technology on the surface of the glass. Its advantages are: the glass has high light transmittance, and the visible light transmittance of the glass is effectively improved (up to more than 10%) by an antireflection technology; the sunlight penetrates through the glass and is changed from direct light into scattered light, so that the irradiation intensity of the sunlight is reduced, and the light inhibition effect of plants is reduced; uniformity, realizing shadow-free illumination; no drop is caused, and the surface of the glass after the antireflection treatment has hydrophilicity; high safety, long service life and high economical efficiency.
Compared with the float glass commonly used in agriculture, the special glass for the greenhouse has small increase of the process cost. Only the pattern design and the antireflection technology of the surface are changed, and light is transmitted without filtering. The glass is used in the greenhouse, so that the glass has a large number of mature applications in agriculture and has good combinability with agriculture.
The invention utilizes the frame on the existing photovoltaic component in the photovoltaic power station to install the special glass for the greenhouse, the photovoltaic component and the special glass for the greenhouse are combined in a proper position according to the design of actual needs, and the special glass for the greenhouse is assisted with the openable and closable adjustable shading device to convert direct light into diffused light and convert strong light into weak light, realize high light transmittance, uniformity, adjustability and selectivity of illumination, be more beneficial to the growth of kiwifruits, realize better economic benefit (the benefit of photovoltaic power generation is improved, the arrangement of the photovoltaic components can be relatively denser, the benefit of agriculture is improved, uniform and stable benefit of agriculture is realized (the demands and distribution ratios of crops interplanted before the kiwifruits are hung and after the fruits are hung are different, the market change of the crops in the life cycle of the photovoltaic power station in the last thirty years can lead to the possible adjustment of the planting results, with corresponding different lighting requirements).
Based on the trend of integration of photovoltaic power stations and agriculture, on the basis of the existing kiwi fruit tree and light integrated invention, the frame of a photovoltaic array is used for arranging greenhouse special glass, and the upright columns, the cross beams and/or the frame are used for arranging the light conversion film, and meanwhile, the field planting and single main vine racking management of kiwi fruit trees are realized, so that the illumination requirement of kiwi fruit orchards is realized, the investment of the photovoltaic power stations is not increased, and the power generation efficiency of the photovoltaic power stations is not influenced.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a picture of the interior of a greenhouse when float glass is used in the greenhouse.
Fig. 2 is a picture of the inner view of the greenhouse when the special glass for the greenhouse is used.
Fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of a photovoltaic module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view of a combination of a photovoltaic module and a greenhouse specific glass in an embodiment of the invention.
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural diagram of the pruning of the tree body of the kiwi fruit tree of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a kiwi fruit orchard integrated with a photovoltaic power plant according to an embodiment of the invention when kiwi fruit seedlings are grown.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a kiwi fruit orchard integrated with a photovoltaic plant according to an embodiment of the present invention after single main vine racking management.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Figures 1 and 2 show the difference in effect between float glass and greenhouse specific glass: a greenhouse using float glass can generate a large amount of shadows under the irradiation of the sun; the greenhouse using the special glass for the greenhouse has no shadow under the sun irradiation, and the uniformity of light is improved.
The monkey orchard in combination with a photovoltaic power station in the specific embodiment shown in fig. 3 and 6 comprises a kiwi fruit forest 1, photovoltaic array units 2. The photovoltaic array unit 2 includes a photovoltaic wire 21 and a photovoltaic module 22. Photovoltaic wire 21 includes a column 211 and a beam 212. The cross beams 212 include an upper cross beam 2121 and a lower cross beam 2122, the number of the cross beams can be adjusted according to actual conditions, and the number of the cross beams can be 1 or more, and is not limited to that shown in fig. 6. The beams 212 between adjacent photovoltaic array units 2 are connected to each other. Only 3 photovoltaic array units 2 are shown in fig. 6, and the number of the photovoltaic array units 2 of the kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station is not limited to 3, and may be 1 or more.
The photovoltaic module 22 includes a cell arrangement module 221 and a frame 222. The frame 222 is configured to edge-cover the cell array assembly 221. The upright posts 211 are erected on the ground to play a supporting role, and the cross beams 212 and the photovoltaic modules 22 are respectively connected with the upright posts 211. The number of the photovoltaic array units 2 is 1 or more.
The cell slice comprises a crystalline silicon cell slice. The crystalline silicon cell piece can be single crystal or polycrystal, and the conventional size is 6 inches, namely 156mm multiplied by 156 mm; other dimensions are possible, such as a 5 inch single wafer, and so forth.
The cell array module 221 includes a module of a cell array 6 × 10 and/or a module of a cell array 6 × 12. Size of the cell array 6 × 10 module: 1650 × 991 × 40 mm; quality: 18.2 kg; size of the cell array 6 × 12 module: 1956 × 991 × 45 mm; quality: 26.5 kg.
The cell arrangement assemblies 221 can be arranged vertically and horizontally, and have various combinations, and the frame 222 is added to form the width W of the photovoltaic array unit. When a plurality of modules with the cell arrangement of 6 × 10 or a module with the cell arrangement of 6 × 12 are arranged vertically, the width W of the photovoltaic array unit 2 is 1m by adding the frame 222; when a plurality of cells are arranged in a 6 × 10 module, the width W of the photovoltaic array unit 2 is 1.7m by adding the frame 222; when a plurality of modules with 6 × 12 cell pieces are arranged transversely, the width W of the photovoltaic array unit 2 is 2m by adding the frame 222; when 3 modules of a 6 × 10 cell array or 6 × 12 cell array are arranged side by side and vertically, the width W of the photovoltaic array unit 2 is 3m by adding the frame 222; when 2 cells are arranged in a 6x 12 pack side-by-side transverse row, the width W of the photovoltaic array unit 2 is 4m, plus the border 222. Other different arrangements can also obtain the photovoltaic array unit 2 with the width W of 5m or 6m, which is not described herein again. The combination of the above methods is merely illustrative, but not limited thereto, and the width of the frame may be adjusted according to the actual situation. In addition, the width W of the pv array unit may vary with the periphery of the cell arrangement assembly 221, or with the cell arrangement assembly being framed on both sides, partially framed on both sides, or not framed.
The photovoltaic array unit 2 is a fixed support, and the inclination angle a of the fixed support is 28 degrees, and can also be 25-30 degrees. Or the photovoltaic array unit 2 is a tracking photovoltaic array unit. When there are a plurality of photovoltaic array units 2, the row spacing D between adjacent photovoltaic array units 2 is 3-5.5m, and the calculation formula is:
The height L of the lowermost edge of the photovoltaic module 22 from the ground is 2.1-2.3 m.
The application mainly adopts the special glass for the greenhouse to realize the low-light diffused light illumination. An embodiment of the installation and adjustment of the greenhouse-specific glass thereof is shown in fig. 4. The greenhouse specific glass 4 is installed in the gap between the two photovoltaic modules 22. Particularly, the battery plate arranging assembly is realized by utilizing a frame around the battery plate arranging assembly. The area or the proportion of the special glass for the greenhouse has adjustability and can be increased or decreased properly. At least two pieces of parallel special greenhouse glass are arranged between the photovoltaic modules; the parallel special glass for the greenhouse is provided with a sliding rail and a pulley in a matching way, and the sliding rail and the pulley are used for adjusting the overlapping degree of the parallel special glass for the greenhouse, so that the purpose of adjusting the width of the parallel special glass for the greenhouse is achieved.
In addition, this application is assisted with can opening and shutting adjustable shade, utilizes frame, stand and/or crossbeam to adjust illumination for modes such as support setting light conversion membrane to the single main climing management of kiwi fruit tree. The arrangement of the light-shielding device and the light conversion film is easy to understand, and the description is omitted here. The following introduces a way of regulating illumination to enable the kiwi fruit tree to adapt to the growth of kiwi fruits by a single main vine racking management mode.
As shown in fig. 5, in an adult kiwi fruit tree, a permanent skeletal branch 31 extending approximately horizontally grows on a trunk 3, a fruiting mother branch 32 grows on the permanent skeletal branch 31, and a fruiting branch 33 and a fruit 34 grow on the fruiting mother branch 32. Fig. 5 shows only one side of the permanent bone branches, and the conventional kiwi fruit trees generally have permanent bone branches on both sides. However, in the invention, only one side of the permanent bone branch is reserved through the management of single main vine on the shelf. The purpose is in order to suit with photovoltaic array unit's density setting, and the growth space of every trunk of permanent bone branch of unilateral is controlled more easily, lets the growth of adult tree grow towards the place that has the space between the photovoltaic array unit as far as possible, light is more sufficient, likes shady when satisfying kiwi fruit tree sapling, the adult tree relatively likes the irradiant characteristic of medium strength, suitably carry out illumination simultaneously and be favorable to the better growth of tree, also be favorable to the improvement of fruit quality.
Figures 6 and 7 show the case of a kiwi fruit orchard combined with a photovoltaic power plant at different times. As shown in fig. 7, in a kiwi fruit orchard combined with a photovoltaic power station, a plurality of photovoltaic array units 2 are arranged side by side, and each photovoltaic array unit 2 is in a row, thereby forming a photovoltaic array. The kiwi fruit seedlings are planted near the upright posts 211 in rows, namely in a relative shadow area. When the height of the trunk 3 of each kiwi fruit tree is close to the photovoltaic module 22, namely 1.8-2.3m, single main vine racking management is carried out, so that the permanent skeleton branch 31 of each kiwi fruit tree is single and grows towards the interval direction between the photovoltaic array units 2, and the length of the permanent skeleton branch is controlled to be 2.0-3.0 m; the growth directions of the permanent bone branches 31 of two adjacent kiwi fruit trees in the same row are opposite. The length of the fruiting mother branch 32 on the permanent skeletal branch 31 is controlled to be 1.5-2.0m, and the two sides of the permanent skeletal branch 31 are alternately arranged. The permanent skeleton branches growing on the same side and the fruiting mother branches growing relatively of two adjacent plants reserve a gap of about 0.5 m, which is convenient for manual management operation, so that the distance between every two adjacent kiwi fruit seedlings planted in the same row is 3.5-4.5m (namely, the distance from the first plant to the third plant is 3.5-4.5 m). The distribution mode of the kiwi fruit trees shown in fig. 7 well utilizes illumination, meets the requirement of kiwi fruit seedlings on pleasure in yin, meets the requirement of adult fruit trees on illumination, saves space, increases the planting density of the fruit trees, and increases the yield per unit area and economic benefit.
The above detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustrating the technical concepts and features of the present invention, and is intended to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations could be devised by those skilled in the art in light of the present teachings without departing from the inventive concepts. Therefore, the technical solutions available to those skilled in the art through logic analysis, reasoning and limited experiments based on the prior art according to the concept of the present invention should be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (3)
1. A method for realizing low-light diffused light illumination of a kiwi fruit orchard combined with a photovoltaic power station is disclosed, wherein the kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station comprises a kiwi fruit forest and a photovoltaic array unit; the photovoltaic array unit comprises a photovoltaic wire, and the photovoltaic wire comprises an upright post and a cross beam connected with the upright post; the upright posts provide support for the growth of the kiwi fruits; the number of the photovoltaic array units is N, and N is more than or equal to 1; the greenhouse is characterized in that the greenhouse special glass is adopted to realize low-light diffused light illumination;
the photovoltaic array unit further comprises a photovoltaic component; the photovoltaic assembly comprises a cell arrangement assembly and a frame surrounding the cell arrangement assembly; by utilizing the frame, the greenhouse special glass is arranged between the photovoltaic components;
the special glass for the greenhouse is assisted with an openable and closable adjustable shading device; the shading device comprises an automatic curtain and/or a non-automatic curtain; a light conversion film is arranged for supporting by utilizing the frame, the upright post and/or the cross beam;
at least two pieces of parallel special greenhouse glass are arranged between the photovoltaic modules; the parallel special greenhouse glass is provided with a sliding rail and a pulley in a matching way and used for adjusting the overlapping degree of the parallel special greenhouse glass so as to achieve the purpose of adjusting the width of the parallel special greenhouse glass;
the kiwi fruit seedlings in the kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station are fixedly planted in the relative shadow areas; when the kiwi fruit trees grow to 1.8-2.3m, carrying out single main vine racking management, namely enabling permanent bone branches of each kiwi fruit tree to be single and grow towards the interval direction between the photovoltaic array units, and controlling the length of each kiwi fruit tree to be 2.0-3.0 m; the length of the fruiting mother branch on the permanent bone branch is controlled to be 1.5-2.0 m;
a plurality of the photovoltaic array units are arranged side by side, and each photovoltaic array unit is a row, so that a photovoltaic array is formed; the kiwi fruit seedlings are fixedly planted in the relative shadow areas of the photovoltaic array units in rows, and the distance between a first plant and a third plant in three adjacent plants in the same row is 3.5-4.5 m; the growth directions of the permanent bone branches of two adjacent kiwi fruit trees in the same row are opposite.
2. The method of claim 1 in combination with photovoltaic power plants for the realization of low-light diffuse lighting in kiwi fruit orchards, wherein the two kiwi fruit trees in adjacent rows of the same row have their permanent skeleton branches oriented in the same direction.
3. The method for realizing the low-light diffused lighting in the kiwi fruit orchard combined with the photovoltaic power station as claimed in any one of claims 1-2, wherein the shade-resistant economic dwarf crops, medicinal materials and/or green manure are interplanted below the kiwi fruit frame.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710705217.6A CN107318496B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710705217.6A CN107318496B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN107318496A CN107318496A (en) | 2017-11-07 |
| CN107318496B true CN107318496B (en) | 2020-05-26 |
Family
ID=60224273
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201710705217.6A Active CN107318496B (en) | 2017-08-17 | 2017-08-17 | Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN107318496B (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2022519745A (en) * | 2019-02-08 | 2022-03-24 | ダブリュ．エル．ゴア アンド アソシエイツ，インコーポレイティド | Diffuse reflective curtain for agricultural environment |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0371000A1 (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1990-05-30 | ELBAK Batteriewerke Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Shading device |
| CN102379232A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-21 | 上海怡神园猕猴桃种植专业合作社 | Kiwi fruit cultivation technique under adverse condition |
| CN204948922U (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-13 | 徐永 | Illumination adjustable diffusion glass photovoltaic greenhouse |
| CN106718558A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | One elite stand light one Chinese gooseberry garden and Kiwi berry implantation methods |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN104798625B (en) * | 2015-04-29 | 2017-10-03 | 福建农林大学 | A kind of day illuminance is adjustable and uniform illumination photovoltaic generation greenhouse |
| CN204948933U (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2016-01-13 | 徐永 | Photovoltaic power generation sunshade screen in light diffusion greenhouse |
-
2017
- 2017-08-17 CN CN201710705217.6A patent/CN107318496B/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0371000A1 (en) * | 1988-11-23 | 1990-05-30 | ELBAK Batteriewerke Gesellschaft m.b.H. | Shading device |
| CN102379232A (en) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-21 | 上海怡神园猕猴桃种植专业合作社 | Kiwi fruit cultivation technique under adverse condition |
| CN204948922U (en) * | 2015-08-21 | 2016-01-13 | 徐永 | Illumination adjustable diffusion glass photovoltaic greenhouse |
| CN106718558A (en) * | 2016-12-09 | 2017-05-31 | 中国农业科学院郑州果树研究所 | One elite stand light one Chinese gooseberry garden and Kiwi berry implantation methods |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107318496A (en) | 2017-11-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Ezzaeri et al. | The effect of photovoltaic panels on the microclimate and on the tomato production under photovoltaic canarian greenhouses | |
| Hemming et al. | The effect of diffuse light on crops | |
| Tani et al. | Improvement in lettuce growth by light diffusion under solar panels | |
| CN102047809B (en) | Method for cultivating Dragon fruit in greenhouses in North China | |
| CN106718558A (en) | One elite stand light one Chinese gooseberry garden and Kiwi berry implantation methods | |
| CN202697389U (en) | Adjustable shading device for agricultural planting | |
| CN101828502A (en) | Two-harvest-a-year technology for grapes | |
| CN107078687A (en) | The solar battery array of restructural and the method that crop yield is managed using it | |
| CN107258390B (en) | Linkage greenhouse convenient to fold and unfold and good-quality stable-yield cultivation method of wax apples | |
| Kavga et al. | Growth and physiological characteristics of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and rocket (Eruca sativa Mill.) plants cultivated under photovoltaic panels | |
| CN105052660A (en) | Method for mixed planting of plum trees and grape vines | |
| CN104855099A (en) | Method for cultivating pitaya in greenhouse | |
| CN107333618A (en) | A kind of multispan greenhouse grape cultivation method | |
| CN102948346A (en) | Solar photovoltaic greenhouse for cultivating fig | |
| Wang et al. | Analysis of light environment under solar panels and crop layout | |
| Wolff et al. | Productivity under shade in Hawaii of five crops grown as vegetables in the tropics | |
| CN111066563A (en) | Multi-span greenhouse strawberry and grape stereoscopic planting method | |
| CN201238520Y (en) | Device for cultivating forestry seedling with complementary applications of solar photovoltaic power and wind power | |
| CN107318496B (en) | Kiwi fruit orchard low-light diffuse light illumination implementation method combined with photovoltaic power station | |
| CN102972234A (en) | Solar photovoltaic greenhouse for mulberry planting | |
| CN111109021B (en) | Method for promoting growth of tomatoes in flower and fruit period and application of method in plant factory | |
| CN107371959A (en) | The monkey peach orchard that a kind of and photovoltaic plant combines is divulged information, windproof and antifreeze method | |
| CN104303966B (en) | A kind of cultural method of wild gold lotus | |
| Wolff et al. | Productivity of eight leafy vegetable crops grown under shade in Hawaii | |
| Kempkes et al. | Effect of diffuse glass on climate and plant environment: first results from an experiment on roses |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |
Effective date of registration: 20230630 Address after: 101299 402-2, Floor 4, Building 23, Yard 1, Yingbin Street, Pinggu District, Beijing Patentee after: Beijing Jingnong Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 450009 Zhengzhou Fruit Tree Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, South End of Future Road, Guancheng District, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province Patentee before: ZHENGZHOU FRUIT Research Institute CHINESE ACADEMY OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES |
|
| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |