CN112962527A - Coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method - Google Patents
Coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method Download PDFInfo
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- CN112962527A CN112962527A CN202110377373.0A CN202110377373A CN112962527A CN 112962527 A CN112962527 A CN 112962527A CN 202110377373 A CN202110377373 A CN 202110377373A CN 112962527 A CN112962527 A CN 112962527A
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G33/00—Cultivation of seaweed or algae
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/70—Artificial fishing banks or reefs
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
- Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
An arrangement method of ecological restoration engineering of a coastal intertidal zone is characterized in that arrangement combination design is carried out according to hydrodynamic characteristics of the coastal intertidal zone and the requirements of aquatic life environment, and the coastal intertidal zone sequentially comprises an arc-shaped offshore dam, an artificial tide pond and an aquatic vegetation planting area from sea side to inland. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out ecological investigation and analysis on hydrological, physicochemical and biological factors of the restored sea area, and selecting a proper intertidal zone ecological restoration zone range; a convex arcuate offshore dam disposed between the mean tide line and the mean low tide line; arranging a plurality of tide pond groups in the range of the opening of the inner side of the arc-shaped offshore dam; the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged on a beach between the shield area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam, the average tide level and the average high tide level. The method determines reasonable design parameter indexes, fully exerts the functions of all parts and can be widely applied to coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of marine ecological restoration, and relates to an engineering arrangement method for improving a biological habitat of a coastal intertidal zone.
Background
The intertidal zone is the zone of the sea-land junction on the earth, and the zone between the tide rise and the tide fall. The intertidal zone is the place where the human beings first contact with the sea and is most vulnerable to human destruction and invasion. In recent years, the variety and the number of the intertidal organisms are reduced sharply by human activities, and the coastal ecology is seriously influenced.
On the other hand, the intertidal zone has high illumination level, and can provide basic conditions for photosynthesis of algae and vegetation; meanwhile, plankton and marine organism debris can be brought in tidal tide, and nutrient substances brought by rain and river in land areas are also deposited, so that the coastal mudflat is rich in nutrition, sufficient food can be provided for intertidal organisms, and aquatic organisms such as benthos, fishes, shrimps, crabs and the like are attracted to live in the tidal flat. These aquatic organisms prefer to lodge under the pools, ditches or rocks left behind during a fall. Therefore, intertidal zone restoration projects often adopt rock mounds, artificial reefs, artificial tidal pools or structures with ecological value to improve the habitat of aquatic organisms. However, most of the measures are microenvironment construction, the improvement of the ecological effect is not obvious, and a coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method with a good effect is objectively needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method, which overcomes the defects in the prior art.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that: an arrangement method of ecological restoration engineering of a coastal intertidal zone is characterized in that arrangement combination design is carried out according to hydrodynamic characteristics of the coastal intertidal zone and the requirements of aquatic life environment, and the coastal intertidal zone sequentially comprises an arc-shaped offshore dam, an artificial tide pond, an aquatic vegetation planting area and the like from sea side to inland.
Further, the method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out ecological investigation and analysis on hydrological, physicochemical and biological factors of the restored sea area, and selecting a proper intertidal zone ecological restoration zone range;
(2) a convex arcuate offshore dam disposed between the mean tide line and the mean low tide line;
(3) arranging a plurality of tide pond groups in the range of the opening of the inner side of the arc-shaped offshore dam;
(4) the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged on a beach between the shield area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam, the average tide level and the average high tide level.
Optionally, in step (1), the intertidal zone ecological restoration zone is selected from a zone damaged and occupied by human beings, or a zone corroded by nature and poor in ecological environment.
Optionally, in the step (2), the convex arc shape is a circular arc or an elliptical arc with an angle of 120-180 degrees.
And two ends of the convex arc-shaped off-shore dam are arranged at the average tide level.
The width of the opening on the inner side of the convex arc is 0.8-1.5 times of the width of an intertidal zone.
A port door is arranged between the two sections of arc-shaped offshore dams so that the fluctuating tide can be converged to form a tide channel, and the water and the living things can enter and exit conveniently; preferably, the width of the opening door is 0.2-0.5 time of the width of the intertidal zone.
The arc-shaped offshore dam is arranged to shield the inner side of the offshore dam, weaken hydrodynamic force and promote sediment accumulation and vegetation breeding; when the tide is ebb, the off-shore dam can also intercept a part of tidal water, plankton and marine organism debris, so that a large shallow water tide pool is formed at the inner side of the off-shore dam, and the living condition of the organisms in the intertidal zone is improved; preferably, the elevation of the dam crest is added by 0-0.5 m to the average tidal level.
In the step (2), gaps are arranged in the dam body of the arc-shaped offshore dam and can attract attached aquatic organisms to inhabit in the gaps; preferably, the curved offshore dam is constructed using sand sacks, rock blocks or artificial blocks.
Optionally, in the step (3), the distance between the tidal pool groups is 0.1-0.3 times of the width of an intertidal zone; and/or a plurality of artificial tide pools with the size of 2-20 m are closely arranged together in a quincunx or honeycomb shape in each tide pool group.
The tidal pool can store water, silt and form a water depression after ebb tide, and provides living environment for intertidal zone organisms; preferably, the height of the tidal pool cofferdam is 0.5-1.0 m.
The tidal pools are in a circular, oval or polygonal shape formed by surrounding sand bags, rock blocks or concrete structures.
Optionally, in step (4), the aquatic vegetation planting area is disposed on the beach between the sheltering zone behind the curved offshore dam, the average tide line and the average high tide line.
The range of the aquatic vegetation planting area is selected in an area with a better siltation effect according to the shield effect of the arc-shaped offshore dam, the area is preferably arranged right behind the offshore dam when forward waves come, and is preferably arranged obliquely behind the offshore dam when oblique waves come; preferably, the aquatic vegetation growing area is a semi-circular area.
The aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in a semicircular area; and/or the vegetation in the aquatic vegetation is a salt and alkali tolerant variety, preferably a mangrove forest, reed, tamarix chinensis, suaeda glauca or a seaweed bed.
Due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the beneficial effects obtained by the invention at least comprise: the arc-shaped offshore dam not only has the functions of weakening the coastal water power, promoting sediment accumulation and increasing the coastal protection capability of the conventional offshore dam. Compared with the conventional offshore dam, the arc-shaped offshore dam can also intercept a part of tidal water, plankton and marine organism debris when the arc-shaped offshore dam is in a ebb, so that a large shallow tidal pool is formed inside the offshore dam, the living conditions of the aquatic organisms are improved, and meanwhile, the small tidal pool group and the aquatic vegetation planting area arranged inside the offshore dam can provide more living spaces for intertidal organisms such as algae, shellfish, crustaceans, echinoderms, fishes and the like.
The method determines reasonable design parameter indexes, fully exerts the functions of all parts and can be widely applied to coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view A-A' of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
Detailed Description
The invention aims to solve the problems that most of the arrangement of artificial reefs or structures in the traditional technology is constructed by microenvironment and cannot adapt to the hydrodynamic characteristics of coastal intertidal zones and the requirements of aquatic life environment and the improvement of ecological effect is not obvious.
The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and examples.
1. The invention provides an arrangement method of an ecological restoration project of a coastal intertidal zone, which mainly comprises an arc-shaped offshore dam 100, a portal 200, a tidal pool group 300, an artificial tidal pool 310 and an aquatic vegetation planting area 400.
2. Carrying out the step
Step 1: ecological investigation and analysis are carried out on hydrological, physicochemical and biological factors of the restored sea area, and a proper intertidal zone ecological restoration zone range is selected.
Step 2: an outwardly convex arc-shaped offshore dam 100 is arranged at a certain interval between the average tidal line and the average low tidal line.
(1) The arc-shaped offshore dam 100 is preferably in a 120-180-degree arc shape or an elliptical arc shape, two ends of the arc shape or the elliptical arc shape are arranged at the average tide level line, and the arc top is arranged on the outer side of the average low tide line and above the high tide low tide line. The width of the opening at the inner side of the arc-shaped offshore dam is about 0.8-1.5 times of the width of an intertidal zone.
(2) A port 200 with the width of 0.2-0.5 times of the intertidal zone is reserved between the two sections of the arc-shaped offshore dams 100, so that the rising and falling tide is converged to form a tidal channel, and the aquatic life can enter and exit conveniently.
(3) The top elevation of the arc-shaped offshore dam 100 is added by 0-0.5 m to the average tidal level, so that the inner side of the offshore dam can be shielded, the hydrodynamic force is weakened, and sediment accumulation and vegetation breeding are promoted; when the tide is ebb, the off-shore dam can also intercept a part of tidal water, plankton and marine organism debris, so that a large shallow water tide pool is formed at the inner side of the off-shore dam, and the living condition of the organisms in the intertidal zone is improved.
(4) The curved offshore dam 100 may be constructed of sand bags, rock blocks, artificial blocks, and the like, and the gaps in the dam body may attract living organisms and aquatic organisms such as fish, shrimp, crab, and the like to inhabit therein.
And step 3: a plurality of small tidal pool clusters 300 are arranged at intervals in the opening range inside the arc-shaped offshore dam 100.
(1) The small tide pool group 300 is formed by closely arranging a plurality of artificial tide pools 310 with the size of 2-20 m in a quincunx or honeycomb shape. The arrangement distance of the small tidal pool group 300 can be 0.1-0.3 times of the width of the intertidal zone.
(2) The artificial tidal pool 310 may be formed in a circular, oval or polygonal shape using sand bags, rock blocks or concrete structures. The height of the artificial tide pond cofferdam is about 0.5-1.0 m, the artificial tide pond cofferdam can store water and deposit silt, a water depression is formed after the tide is removed, and a better living environment is provided for intertidal zone organisms.
And 4, step 4: a saline-alkali tolerant aquatic vegetation growing area 400 is provided on the beach between the average tide line and the average high tide line, in the sheltering area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam.
(1) The range of the vegetation planting area 400 is selected in the area with a good silting effect according to the shielding effect of the arc-shaped offshore dam 100, and can be determined by adopting a tidal current sediment model analysis. Generally, the forward incoming wave is preferably arranged right behind the offshore dam, and the oblique incoming wave is preferably arranged obliquely behind the offshore dam. The aquatic vegetation growing area 400 is a semicircular area.
(2) The aquatic vegetation can be selected from mangrove forest, reed, tamarisk, suaeda glauca or seaweed bed according to geographical environment.
The foregoing description and description of the embodiments are provided to facilitate understanding and application of the invention by those skilled in the art. It will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be made to these teachings and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above description and the description of the embodiments, and those skilled in the art should make improvements and modifications within the scope of the present invention based on the disclosure of the present invention.
Claims (15)
1. A coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method is characterized in that: according to hydrodynamic characteristics of a coastal intertidal zone and the requirements of aquatic life environment, the marine intertidal zone is arranged and combined, and sequentially comprises an offshore dam, a tidal pond and an aquatic vegetation planting area from sea side to inland.
2. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method according to claim 1, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) carrying out ecological investigation and analysis on hydrological, physicochemical and biological factors of the restored sea area, and selecting a proper intertidal zone ecological restoration zone range;
(2) the offshore dam is disposed between the average tide line and the average low tide line;
(3) arranging a tidal pool in the opening range of the inner side of the offshore dam;
(4) the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged on a beach between the shield area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam, the average tide level and the average high tide level.
3. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (1), the intertidal zone ecological restoration zone is selected from zones damaged and occupied by human beings or zones corroded by nature and poor in ecological environment.
4. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), the offshore dam is in the shape of an arc which protrudes outwards and is in the shape of a circular arc or an elliptic arc of 120-180 degrees.
5. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), two ends of the convex arc-shaped off-bank dam are arranged at the average tide level.
6. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method according to claim 5, characterized in that: in the step (2), the width of the opening on the convex arc inner side is 0.8-1.5 times of the width of the intertidal zone.
7. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), a port door is arranged between the two sections of arc-shaped offshore dams so that the fluctuating tide can be converged to form a tide channel, and the aquatic life can conveniently enter and exit; preferably, the width of the opening door is 0.2-0.5 time of the width of the intertidal zone.
8. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), the arc-shaped offshore dam is arranged to shield the inner side of the offshore dam, weaken hydrodynamic force and promote sediment accumulation and vegetation breeding; when the tide is ebb, the off-shore dam can also intercept a part of tidal water, plankton and marine organism debris, so that a large shallow water tide pool is formed at the inner side of the off-shore dam, and the living condition of the organisms in the intertidal zone is improved; preferably, the elevation of the dam crest is added by 0-0.5 m to the average tidal level.
9. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (2), gaps are arranged in the dam body of the arc-shaped offshore dam and can attract attached aquatic organisms to inhabit in the gaps; preferably, the curved offshore dam is constructed using sand sacks, rock blocks or artificial blocks.
10. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the distance between the tide pool groups is 0.1-0.3 times of the width of an intertidal zone; and/or a plurality of artificial tide pools with the size of 2-20 m are closely arranged together in a quincunx or honeycomb shape in each tide pool group.
11. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the tidal pool can store water, silt and silt, and a water depression is formed after the tide is removed, so that a living environment is provided for intertidal zone organisms; preferably, the height of the tidal pool cofferdam is 0.5-1.0 m.
12. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (3), the tidal pools are surrounded into a round shape, an oval shape or a polygonal shape by adopting sand bags, stone blocks or concrete structures.
13. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (4), the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged on a beach between a shield area behind the arc-shaped offshore dam, the average tide level line and the average high tide level line.
14. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (4), selecting an area with a better siltation effect according to the shield effect of the arc-shaped offshore dam in the range of the aquatic vegetation planting area, wherein the area is preferably arranged right behind the offshore dam when the waves come in the forward direction, and is preferably arranged obliquely behind the offshore dam when the waves come in the oblique direction; preferably, the aquatic vegetation growing area is a semi-circular area.
15. The coastal intertidal zone ecological restoration engineering arrangement method as claimed in claim 2, wherein: in the step (4), the aquatic vegetation planting area is arranged in a semicircular area; and/or the vegetation in the aquatic vegetation is a salt and alkali tolerant variety, preferably a mangrove forest, reed, tamarix chinensis, suaeda glauca or a seaweed bed.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115059014A (en) * | 2022-06-10 | 2022-09-16 | 中国电建集团昆明勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Intertidal zone structure suitable for muddy coastal zone and arrangement method |
| CN116368983A (en) * | 2023-03-29 | 2023-07-04 | 自然资源部第三海洋研究所 | Coastal sand dune repairing and maintaining method |
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