CN115748574A - Natural-like island beach maintenance design structure and construction method - Google Patents
Natural-like island beach maintenance design structure and construction method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of beach protection, in particular to a nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure which comprises an offshore area energy dissipation structure, an intertidal zone filling structure and an island-land landscape structure which are continuously arranged from an offshore area to an island Liu Yici, wherein the offshore area energy dissipation structure comprises a first wave dissipation zone, a second wave dissipation zone and an energy consumption zone, a first sand storage zone is formed between the first wave dissipation zone and the second wave dissipation zone, a second sand storage zone is formed between the second wave dissipation zone and the energy consumption zone, the intertidal zone filling structure sequentially comprises a first rock layer, a first gravel-containing layer and a beach-protecting vegetation layer from bottom to top, and the vegetation island-land landscape structure comprises a first rock layer, a road and a second vegetation zone. The design of the invention imitating natural functions can effectively utilize natural force, reduce the erosion intensity of the natural force to the island shoreline, manually set broken wave bands to reduce the wave energy and store the sea sand of the waves. The invention also provides a construction method of the imitated natural island beach maintenance design structure.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of beach protection, in particular to a natural-like island beach maintenance design structure and a construction method.
Background
Man-made activities, insufficient silt supply, sea level changes and extreme weather influences are main factors causing erosion and sedimentation of the coastline. In China, nearly half of sandy coasters are facing severe erosion degradation. For this reason, various methods have been explored to protect or repair damaged shorelines. At present, a common coastal erosion repair method is constructed by combining artificial sand supplement with a sand blocking embankment. The method is suitable for continental shoreline areas rich in sand sources, but on islands far away from the continental land and with insufficient mud and sand amount, the aims of repairing and protecting the erosion island beach are difficult to realize. In recent years, some soft protection technologies based on the coastal zone ecosystem are also briskly developed, but the design is relatively deep in research on regional coastal erosion, and insufficient in research on erosion and deposition environments in a small range such as offshore islands; and coastal resources are various in types, the ecosystem is complex, and human activity interference is strong.
Therefore, the invention provides an imitation nature design combining the characteristics of island shoals of islands, emphasizes the enhancement of the repair and protection of island shores by utilizing natural force, and effectively reduces the artificial influence and the erosion damage of extreme weather to the island shores.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure and a construction method for overcoming the defects of the situation and combining the characteristics of island beaches of islands, emphasizes that the natural force is utilized to strengthen the maintenance protection of the island shorelines, and effectively reduces the artificial influence and the erosion damage of extreme weather to the island shorelines.
The technical scheme of the nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure is as follows:
an artificial natural island beach maintenance design structure comprises an offshore sea area energy dissipation structure, an intertidal zone filling structure and an island land landscape structure which are continuously arranged from an offshore sea area to an island Liu Yici;
the offshore sea area energy dissipation structure is arranged above an offshore sea area sea bottom surface and comprises a first wave dissipation band, a second wave dissipation band and an energy dissipation band, the second wave dissipation band and the energy dissipation band are sequentially arranged on one side, close to the island land, of the first wave dissipation band, the second wave dissipation band and the energy dissipation band, the heights of the first wave dissipation band, the second wave dissipation band and the energy dissipation band are sequentially increased, a first sand storage area is formed between the first wave dissipation band and the second wave dissipation band, and a second sand storage area is formed between the second wave dissipation band and the energy dissipation band;
the intertidal zone filling structure is arranged between the offshore area energy dissipation structure and the land-island landscape structure, the intertidal zone filling structure sequentially comprises a first rock layer, a first gravel-containing layer and a beach-protecting vegetation layer from bottom to top, and the vegetation layer is arranged between the average flood high tide line and the land-island landscape structure;
island land view structure set up in island land side, including keeping away from intertidal zone filling structure sets gradually first vegetation area, road and second vegetation area, first vegetation area sets up in island beach and island land handing-over department.
Further, the first wave absorption band is 55m-65m away from the island land, the first wave absorption band comprises an artificial fish reef and a first arc-shaped framework formed by stacking rocks, coarse gravel is filled inside the first arc-shaped framework, a second gravel-containing layer is arranged on the top of the first arc-shaped framework, the slopes of two sides of the first wave absorption band are 1.
Further, the second wave absorption band is 25m-35m away from the island land, the second wave absorption band comprises a second arc-shaped framework formed by stacking rocks, coarse gravel is filled in the second arc-shaped framework, a third gravel-containing layer is arranged on the top of the second arc-shaped framework, the slopes of two sides of the second wave absorption band are 1-15-1.
Furthermore, the energy consumption zone is of an arc-shaped structure, and comprises a second rock stratum on the lower layer and a third sand-containing gravel stratum on the upper layer, wherein the energy consumption zone is higher than the average high tide and low tide line and lower than the average high tide and high tide line.
Furthermore, the first rock layer, the first wave absorption band, the second wave absorption band and the rock at the bottom of the energy consumption band are embedded into the intertidal zone filling structure or the sea bottom surface of the offshore area, and the embedding depth is more than 50cm.
Furthermore, the artificial fish reef is of a hollow square frame structure, the length, the width and the height of the artificial fish reef are both 3m, and the thickness of the frame and the inner diagonal is 20cm-30cm.
The invention also provides a construction method of the imitated natural island beach maintenance design structure, and the technical scheme is as follows:
a construction method of an imitated natural island beach maintenance design structure comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an energy dissipation structure of an offshore area: constructing a first wave elimination zone, and putting an artificial fish reef and rocks in the offshore area; constructing a second extinction band, putting rocks on one side of the first extinction band close to the island land at intervals with the first extinction band, mutually stacking the rest rocks to form an arc-shaped structure, and filling coarse gravel in a space constructed by the rocks; constructing an energy consumption zone, putting rocks on one side of the second wave absorption zone close to the island land at intervals with the second wave absorption zone, mutually stacking the rest rocks to form an arc-shaped structure, and filling coarse gravel in the space constructed by the rocks; the heights of the first wave elimination band, the second wave elimination band and the energy consumption band are sequentially increased;
step two, constructing an intertidal zone filling structure, laying a first rock stratum, a first gravel-containing layer and a first gravel-containing layer between the energy dissipation structure of the offshore area and the land and island in sequence from bottom to top, and planting beach protection vegetation on the part of the first gravel-containing layer above the average flood high tide line;
and thirdly, constructing a land-island landscape structure, and paving a first vegetation zone, a road and a second vegetation zone in sequence along the direction far away from the sea area above the land of the island.
Further, the artificial fish reef is thrown to a position 55-65 m away from the island, the artificial fish reef is a hollow frame-shaped fish reef, and coarse gravel is supplemented inside and above the artificial fish reef; the second extinction band is 25m-35m away from the island land, and coarse gravel is supplemented above the second extinction band and the rocks of the energy consumption band.
Further, the coarse gravel at the top of the first extinction zone is supplemented to the position below the average high tide and low tide line, the coarse gravel at the top of the second extinction zone is supplemented to the position 5cm-15cm above the average high tide and low tide line, and the coarse gravel at the top of the energy consumption zone is supplemented to the position between the average high tide and high tide line and the average high tide and low tide line.
Further, the first extinction zone, the second extinction zone, the energy dissipation zone and the rock at the bottom of the first rock layer are embedded into the sea bed surface by at least 50cm.
Compared with the prior art, the technical scheme provided by the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the design of the invention imitating the natural function can effectively utilize the natural force and reduce the erosion intensity of the natural force to the island shoreline, which is specifically shown in the following steps:
in the first wave eliminating zone, the thrown artificial fish reef has the wave preventing function of imitating a natural coral reef, which is equivalent to an artificial reconstructed coral reef, and the artificial fish reef in the first wave eliminating zone simulates a coastal natural coral reef, so that the impact force of sea waves can be effectively weakened, and a protective effect is formed on a bank line.
The second wave eliminating band is constructed by adopting rocks and coarse gravel, the wave energy can be further effectively reduced by arranging the second wave eliminating band, the first wave eliminating band and the second wave eliminating band act in a synergistic manner, sea sand which is formed by rolling back the sea wave backflow can be effectively stored, and the problem that the amount of mud and sand around the island is insufficient is relieved to a certain extent.
And the energy consumption belt is constructed to simulate an arc sand ridge line formed by sea waves under natural conditions, so that the beach can be protected, a second sand storage area is formed between the energy consumption belt and the second wave absorption belt, and sea sand brought back by the backflow of the sea waves is further stored.
The intertidal zone filling structure has the advantages that the first rock layer can effectively prevent waves and store sand, has good permeability, is a good habitat for marine animals and plants, and has a very remarkable effect on wave prevention; the first gravel layer containing sand is a component of a natural normal beach, takes gravel as a main part, has a good sand storage function and is a relatively stable structure for wave prevention; the first gravel-containing layer takes sand as a main part and a small amount of gravel as a last defense line for resisting wave energy; the beach-protecting vegetation layer has the water storage function, so that water and soil loss is prevented, the island is often stormy, rainwater enters the sea, sea sand on the beach can be brought into the sea, sand and soil loss of the island is caused, and the beach-protecting vegetation layer can effectively prevent the problem.
Island land landscape structure, the first vegetation area and the second vegetation area of road both sides can further prevent soil erosion and water loss.
Drawings
The accompanying drawings, which are included to provide a further understanding of the invention and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the principles of the invention and not to limit the invention. In the drawings:
fig. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure of the invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the artificial reef of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a flow chart of a method for constructing the nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a first extinction band; 2. a second extinction band; 3. an energy consumption band; 4. a first sand storage area; 5. a second sand storage area; 6. a first rock layer; 7. a first gravel-containing layer; 8. a first gravel-containing layer; 9. a beach protection vegetation layer; 10. a first vegetation zone; 11. a road; 12. a second vegetation zone; 13. island land; 14. an artificial fish reef; 15. average high tide and low tide lines; 16. average climax line; 17. sea floor surface; 18. (ii) a 19. (ii) a 20. (ii) a 21. (ii) a 22. (ii) a 23. In that respect
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
The specific embodiment is as follows:
as shown in fig. 1, the natural-like island beach maintenance design structure of the present invention includes an offshore area energy dissipation structure, an intertidal zone filling structure, and an island-land landscape structure, which are sequentially and continuously arranged from an offshore area to an island-land 13.
The offshore area energy dissipation structure is arranged above an offshore area sea floor 17 and comprises a first wave dissipation band 1, a second wave dissipation band 2 and an energy dissipation band 3, the second wave dissipation band 2 and the energy dissipation band 3 are sequentially arranged on one side, close to an island land 13, of the first wave dissipation band 1, the second wave dissipation band 2 and the energy dissipation band 3, the heights of the first wave dissipation band 1, the second wave dissipation band 2 and the energy dissipation band 3 are sequentially increased, a first sand storage area 4 is formed between the first wave dissipation band 1 and the second wave dissipation band 2, and a second sand storage area 5 is formed between the second wave dissipation band 2 and the energy dissipation band 3.
In the embodiment, the first extinction zone 1 is 55m to 65m away from the island land, the first extinction zone 1 comprises an artificial fish reef 14 and a first arc-shaped framework formed by stacking rocks, coarse gravel is filled in the first arc-shaped framework, a second gravel-containing layer is arranged on the top of the first arc-shaped framework, the gradient of two sides of the first extinction zone 1 is 1. Preferably, as shown in fig. 2, the artificial fish reef 14 has a hollow-out square frame structure, the length, width and height of each artificial fish reef are 3m, and the thickness of the frame and the inner diagonal is 20cm-30cm. The rock adopts beach rock or imitative beach rock, and the rock at the bottom is embedded into the sea floor 17, and the embedding depth is more than 50cm, prevents to be washed away by the wave. The second sand-containing gravel layer is also filled with coarse gravel, specifically, the coarse gravel is composed of gravel and coarse sand, wherein the gravel can be rock fragments, biological fragments, coral sand and other gravels with better density and low permeability, preferably the coral sand.
In the embodiment, the second extinction zone 2 is 25m-35m away from the island land, the second extinction zone 2 comprises a second arc-shaped framework formed by rock stacking, coarse gravel is filled in the second arc-shaped framework, a third gravel-containing layer is arranged at the top of the arc-shaped framework, the slope of two sides of the second extinction zone 2 is 1. Preferably, the rock is beach rock or simulated beach rock, the rock at the bottom is embedded into the sea floor 17, the embedded depth is more than 50cm, and the rock is prevented from being washed away by sea waves. The third sand-containing gravel layer is also filled with coarse gravel, specifically, the coarse gravel is composed of gravel and coarse sand, wherein the gravel can be rock fragments, biological fragments, coral sand and other gravels with better density and low permeability, preferably the coral sand.
In this embodiment, the energy consuming belt 3 has an arc-shaped structure, the energy consuming belt 3 includes a second rock layer at a lower layer and a third gravel-containing layer at an upper layer, and the energy consuming belt 3 is lower than the average high tide line 16. Preferably, the second rock layer is made of beach rock or simulated beach rock, the beach rock or the simulated beach rock at the bottom is embedded into the sea floor 17, the embedding depth is more than 50cm, and the second rock layer is prevented from being washed away by sea waves. The third sand-containing gravel layer is also filled with coarse gravel, specifically, the coarse gravel is composed of gravel and coarse sand, wherein the gravel can be rock fragments, biological fragments, coral sand and other gravels with better density and low permeability, preferably the coral sand.
The intertidal zone filling structure is arranged between the offshore area energy dissipation structure and the island-land landscape structure, the intertidal zone filling structure sequentially comprises a first rock layer 6, a first gravel-containing layer 7, a first gravel-containing layer 8 and a beach-protecting vegetation layer 9 from bottom to top, and the beach-protecting vegetation layer 9 is arranged between an average large tide high tide line 16 and the island-land 13 landscape structure. The first rock layer 6 is made of beach rock or simulated beach rock which has permeability and marine organism adhesiveness. The first gravel layer 7 is composed of gravel and coarse sand, wherein the gravel is selected from rock debris, biological debris, coral sand, and other gravel with high density and low permeability, preferably coral sand. The first gravel-containing layer 8 consists of gravel and sand, mainly sand, and a small amount of gravel, and the sand particle size is consistent with that of the original sand in the local area. The beach-protecting vegetation layer 9 is used for planting thick vines or other local vegetation with strong vitality, has the functions of storing water and preventing water and soil loss, and can bring sea sand on the sand beach into the sea to cause sand and soil loss of the island beach due to the fact that the island often storms and rainwater enter the sea. The top of the intertidal zone filling structure extends upwards from the left side of the energy consumption zone 3 to the land island landscape structure of the land island 13.
Island land landscape structure sets up in the island land 13 top of nature formation, including keeping away from intertidal zone filling structure first vegetation area 10, road 11 and the second vegetation area 12 that sets gradually, first vegetation area 10 sets up in island beach and island land 13 handing-over department. The plants in the first vegetation zone 10 and the second vegetation zone 12 can be common plants in green belts on both sides of the island road 11. The first vegetation zone 10 and the second vegetation zone 12 have a function of preventing soil erosion.
The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure can effectively utilize natural force and reduce the erosion strength of the natural force to island shores by the design of nature-imitated function, and is specifically represented by the following steps:
in first wave zone 1 that disappears, the artificial fish reef 14 of throwing in has the anti-wave function of imitative natural coral reef, is equivalent to artifical reconstruction coral reef, and the artificial fish reef 14 in first wave zone 1 that disappears simulates the natural coral reef of coastal, can effectively weaken the impact force of wave, forms the guard action to the bank line.
The second wave elimination zone 2 is constructed by beach rocks or simulated beach rocks and coarse gravel, the wave energy can be further effectively reduced by arranging the second wave elimination zone 2, the first wave elimination zone 1 and the second wave elimination zone 2 have a synergistic effect, sea sand brought back by wave backflow can be effectively stored, and the problem of insufficient mud and sand amount around the island is relieved to a certain extent.
The energy consumption belt 3 is constructed to simulate an arc sand ridge line formed by sea waves under natural conditions, so that the beach can be protected, a second sand storage area 5 is formed between the energy consumption belt 3 and the second wave absorption belt 2, and sea sand which is formed by the back-flow rolling of the sea waves is further stored.
The intertidal zone filling structure is characterized in that the first rock layer 6 is piled up by adopting beach rock or simulated beach rock, can effectively prevent waves and store sand, has good permeability, is a good habitat for marine animals and plants, and has very obvious effect on wave prevention; the first gravel-containing layer 7 is a component of a natural normal beach, takes gravels as main materials, has a good sand storage function and is a relatively stable structure for wave prevention; the first gravel-containing layer 8 is the last defense line against wave energy, mainly sand and a small amount of gravel; the beach-protecting vegetation layer 9 has a water storage effect and can prevent water and soil loss, the island is often stormy, rainwater enters the sea and can bring sea sand on the beach into the sea, so that the sand and soil loss of the island beach is caused, and the beach-protecting vegetation layer 9 can effectively prevent the problem.
The broken wave band is manually arranged, so that the wave energy can be effectively reduced, the sea sand which is formed by the returning of the sea wave backflow tape can be effectively stored, and the problem of insufficient mud and sand quantity around the island is relieved to a certain extent. When tide rises or ocean current moves to the shore, a part of ocean wave energy can be eliminated at the artificial fish reef 14 arranged on the first wave eliminating zone 1, the energy is reduced again after the rest of the ocean waves reach the second wave eliminating zone 2, and simultaneously, sea sand rolled back when tide falls and ocean current flows back is intercepted at the second wave eliminating zone 2 and the first wave eliminating zone 1 to form a second sand storage zone 5 and a first sand storage zone 4, and is temporarily brought to the beach when the next ocean wave comes, so that dynamic balance is finally formed.
By providing the land and island 1 landscape structure, the first vegetation zone 10 and the second vegetation zone 12 on both sides of the road 11 can further prevent soil erosion.
The invention fully considers the land and island 13 closely related to island beach of the island and the sea area part around the island, the land and island 13 part promotes the greening and vegetation beach protection function; the artificial fishing reef throwing technology is fully utilized in the sea area part around the island, the ecology is improved, the energy of sea waves is eliminated, and the alluvial product of the sea waves to the shoreline is reduced. The overall efficiency of the 'ternary structure' overall design is more outstanding.
As shown in fig. 3, the invention also provides a method for constructing an artificial natural island beach maintenance design structure, which comprises the following steps:
step one, constructing an energy dissipation structure of an offshore area: constructing a first wave elimination zone 1, and putting an artificial fish reef 14 and rocks in the offshore area; constructing a second extinction zone 2, putting rocks on one side of the first extinction zone 1 close to the island 13 at intervals with the first extinction zone 1, mutually stacking the rest rocks to form an arc-shaped structure, and filling coarse gravel in the space constructed by the rocks; constructing an energy consumption band 3, putting rocks on one side of the second extinction band 2 close to the island land 13 at intervals of the second extinction band 2, mutually stacking the rest rocks to form an arc-shaped structure, and filling coarse gravel in a space constructed by the rocks; the heights of the first extinction zone 1, the second extinction zone 2 and the energy consumption zone 3 are sequentially increased;
step two, constructing an intertidal zone filling structure, laying a first rock stratum 6, a first gravel-containing stratum 7 and a first gravel-containing stratum 8 between the energy dissipation structure of the offshore area and the land-island 13 in sequence from bottom to top, and planting beach protection vegetation on the part of the first gravel-containing stratum 8 above the average high tide line 16;
and step three, constructing a land island 13 landscape structure, and paving a first vegetation zone 10, a road 11 and a second vegetation zone 12 above the land island 13 in sequence along the direction far away from the sea area.
Specifically, in the first step, the artificial fish reef 14 is thrown to a position 55m-65m away from the island land, the artificial fish reef 14 is a hollow frame type fish reef, and coarse gravel is supplemented inside and above the artificial fish reef 14; the second extinction band 2 is 25m-35m from the land of the island, and coarse gravel is supplemented above the second extinction band 2 and the rocks of the energy consumption band 3. The coarse gravel at the top of the first extinction zone 1 is supplemented to the position below the average high tide and low tide line 15, the coarse gravel at the top of the second extinction zone 2 is supplemented to the position 5cm-15cm above the average high tide and low tide line 15, and the coarse gravel at the top of the energy consumption zone 3 is supplemented to the position between the average high tide and high tide line 16 and the average high tide and low tide line 15.
In the first, second and third steps, the first extinction band 1, the second extinction band 2, the energy dissipation band 3 and the rock at the bottom of the first rock layer 6 are embedded into the sea bottom surface 17 by at least 50cm.
Preferably, the rocks are beach rocks or simulated beach rocks, the rocks at the bottom are embedded into the sea floor 17, the embedding depth is more than 50cm, and the rocks are prevented from being washed away by sea waves. The first gravel layer 7 is made of coarse gravel which is composed of gravel and coarse sand, wherein the gravel can be selected from rock fragments, biological fragments, coral sand and other gravels with better density and low permeability, and is preferably coral sand. The first gravel-containing layer 8 adopts gravel and sand, mainly sand and a small amount of gravel, and the size of sand particles is consistent with that of local original sand. The beach protection vegetation is thick vines or other local strong-vitality vegetation.
The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure and the construction method of the nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure are both constructed on an ideal sea floor surface 17, and in practical application, the structure is constructed according to the practical situation of the island beach of the sea island, such as an energy consumption belt 3, and the construction or reconstruction is carried out on the basis of the original sand ridge line according to the practical situation.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. An imitated natural island beach maintenance design structure is characterized by comprising an offshore sea area energy dissipation structure, an intertidal zone filling structure and an island-land landscape structure which are sequentially and continuously arranged from an offshore sea area to an island-land (13);
the offshore sea area energy dissipation structure is arranged above an offshore sea area sea bottom surface (17) and comprises a first wave dissipation band (1), a second wave dissipation band (2) and an energy dissipation band (3), wherein the second wave dissipation band (2) and the energy dissipation band (3) are sequentially arranged on one side, close to the island land (13), of the first wave dissipation band (1), the heights of the first wave dissipation band (1), the second wave dissipation band (2) and the energy dissipation band (3) are sequentially increased, a first sand storage area (4) is formed between the first wave dissipation band (1) and the second wave dissipation band (2), and a second sand storage area (5) is formed between the second wave dissipation band (2) and the energy dissipation band (3);
the intertidal zone filling structure is arranged between the offshore area energy dissipation structure and the island-land landscape structure, the intertidal zone filling structure sequentially comprises a first rock layer (6), a first gravel-containing layer (7), a first gravel-containing layer (8) and a beach-protecting vegetation layer (9) from bottom to top, and the beach-protecting vegetation layer (9) is arranged above an average high tide line;
island land landscape structure set up in island land (13) top, including keeping away from intertidal zone filling structure sets gradually first vegetation area (10), road (11) and second vegetation area (12), first vegetation area (10) set up in island beach and island land (13) handing-over department.
2. The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure according to claim 1, wherein the first extinction zone (1) is 55m-65m away from the island land (13), the first extinction zone (1) comprises an artificial fish reef (14) and a first arc-shaped framework formed by rock stacking, the first arc-shaped framework is internally filled with coarse gravel, the top of the first arc-shaped framework is provided with a second gravel-containing layer, the slopes of two sides of the first extinction zone (1) are 1.
3. The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure according to claim 2, wherein the second extinction band (2) is 25-35 m away from the island land (13), the second extinction band (2) comprises a second arc-shaped framework formed by stacking rocks, coarse gravel is filled in the second arc-shaped framework, a third gravel-containing layer is arranged on the top of the second arc-shaped framework, the slope of the second extinction band (2) on two sides is 1-15-1.
4. The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the energy consumption band (3) is of an arc structure, and the energy consumption band (3) comprises a second rock layer at a lower layer and a third gravel-containing layer at an upper layer, and the energy consumption band (3) is lower than the average high tide line (16).
5. The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the first rock layer (6), the first extinction zone (1), the second extinction zone (2) and the rock at the bottom of the energy dissipation zone (3) are embedded into the sea floor (17) to a depth of more than 50cm.
6. The nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure as claimed in claim 2, wherein the artificial fish reef (14) is a hollow square frame structure, the length, width and height of the artificial fish reef are both 3m, and the thickness of the frame and the inner diagonal angle is 20cm-30cm.
7. A construction method of an imitated natural island beach maintenance design structure is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step one, constructing an energy dissipation structure of an offshore area: constructing a first wave elimination zone (1), and putting an artificial fish reef (14) and rocks in an offshore area; constructing a second extinction zone (2), putting rocks on one side of the first extinction zone (1) close to the island land (13) at intervals with the first extinction zone (1), stacking the rocks to form an arc-shaped structure, and filling coarse gravel in a space constructed by the rocks; constructing an energy consumption band (3), putting rocks on one side of the second extinction band (2) close to the island land (13) at intervals with the second extinction band (2), stacking the rocks to form an arc-shaped structure, and filling coarse gravel in a space constructed by the rocks; the heights of the first extinction zone (1), the second extinction zone (2) and the energy consumption zone (3) are increased in sequence;
step two, constructing an intertidal zone filling structure, laying a first rock stratum (6), a first gravel-containing stratum (7) and a first gravel-containing stratum (8) between the energy dissipation structure of the offshore area and the land island (13) from bottom to top in sequence, and planting beach protection vegetation on the part, above the average high tide line (16), of the first gravel-containing stratum (8);
and thirdly, constructing a land-island landscape structure, and paving a first vegetation zone (10), a road (11) and a second vegetation zone (12) above the land-island (13) in sequence along the direction far away from the sea area.
8. The method for constructing the nature-imitated beach maintenance design structure as claimed in claim 7, wherein in the first step, the artificial fish reef (14) is thrown to a position 55m-65m away from the island land (13), the artificial fish reef (14) is a hollow frame-type fish reef, and coarse gravel is supplemented inside and above the artificial fish reef (14); the second extinction zone (2) is 25-35 m away from the island land (13), and coarse gravel is supplemented above the second extinction zone (2) and the rocks of the energy consumption zone (3).
9. The method for constructing the nature-imitated island beach maintenance design structure according to claim 8, wherein in step one, the coarse gravel at the top of the first extinction zone (1) is supplemented to be below the average high tide and low tide line (15), the coarse gravel at the top of the second extinction zone (2) is supplemented to be 5cm-15cm above the average high tide and low tide line (15), and the coarse gravel at the top of the energy consumption zone (3) is supplemented to be between the average high tide and high tide line (16) and the average high tide and low tide line (15).
10. The method for constructing the simulated natural island beach maintenance design structure according to claim 9, wherein the first extinction band (1), the second extinction band (2), the energy dissipation band (3) and the rocks at the bottom of the first rock layer (6) are embedded into the sea floor (17) by at least 50cm.
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