CN111727871A - Hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method - Google Patents

Hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN111727871A
CN111727871A CN201910861863.0A CN201910861863A CN111727871A CN 111727871 A CN111727871 A CN 111727871A CN 201910861863 A CN201910861863 A CN 201910861863A CN 111727871 A CN111727871 A CN 111727871A
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China
Prior art keywords
field planting
anchor
aquatic plant
hard substrate
aquatic
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CN201910861863.0A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王晓龙
蔡永久
龚志军
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS
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Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of CAS
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Priority to CN201910861863.0A priority Critical patent/CN111727871A/en
Publication of CN111727871A publication Critical patent/CN111727871A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G33/00Cultivation of seaweed or algae
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G22/00Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/10Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Seaweed (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method, which comprises an ecological fiber cloth bag, a composite culture substrate, a fixed anchor, a pre-cultured aquatic plant, a rope buckle and a connecting rope, and the field planting method comprises the following steps: preselecting aquatic plant seeds, mixing the seeds with the composite culture medium, and uniformly stirring; mixing, filling into ecological fiber cloth bag, tying with connecting rope, and placing in container for pre-culture; in the invention, through anchor fixing and pre-cultivation, the difficulty that the aquatic plants with hard substrates are difficult to attach can be overcome, and the problem that the aquatic plants are difficult to germinate due to lack of illumination and the like of in-situ water can be avoided, so that a better aquatic plant community can be formed in the water with hard substrates within 3-5 weeks under the condition of proper water temperature, the implementation operation is simple and convenient, the operation cost is low, and the large-scale popularization is facilitated; carrying out secondary spatial allocation on the plant density in the rapid vegetation field planting process; the purpose of fast and good aquatic plant ecological restoration in a hard substrate water area is realized.

Description

Hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of aquatic ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method.
Background
Aquatic ecology restoration is the restoration of the function and the associated physical, chemical and biological characteristics of the ecosystem of a damaged water area, which is essential to restore the function of the system and to bring the system into a self-sustaining state. The core of aquatic ecology restoration is the restoration of aquatic plants. The large-scale aquatic plants play an important ecological role in maintaining the clear water state of rivers and lakes, and can reduce the biomass of phytoplankton, improve the transparency of water bodies and the like through shading, reducing the availability of nutrients, releasing algicidal substances, reducing sediment resuspension and the like. However, the growth and restoration of aquatic plants are affected by various environmental factors such as illumination conditions, water temperature, nutrient salt content in water, pH value, substrate conditions and the like. The eutrophication of the water body, the reduction of the transparency and the overhigh content of nutrient salt seriously affect and inhibit the growth of aquatic plants. The engineering scale recovery of aquatic vegetation by various ecological restoration technologies for improving the habitat conditions, such as plant floating bed, environmental protection dredging, substrate improvement, barricading wave dissipation, sewage interception, biological structure regulation and the like, has been carried out by a plurality of successful practice cases and forms corresponding technical standards and specifications.
The premise of restoring the water area ecosystem is habitat restoration, and the purpose of restoring the water area ecosystem is to improve the stability of the physicochemical environment of the water area ecosystem and construct a material foundation for vegetation restoration and system function restoration, wherein the substrate restoration is one of important contents of the habitat restoration. The substrate is an important component of the aquatic ecosystem and is the substrate for the aquatic plant to stand and grow on. The restoration of the substrate is beneficial to the growth of aquatic plants, and a good aquatic ecosystem can be further restored and rebuilt. The physicochemical properties of the substrate also have great influence on the recovery of the aquatic plants, and the substrate is too hard or too soft to be beneficial to the growth of the aquatic plants. In addition, the substrate anaerobic environment has obvious inhibition effect on the germination and biomass increase of aquatic plants and is aggravated by low light; the airing has the effect of inhibiting the release of ammonia nitrogen and sulfide in the bottom substrate, and the oxidation-reduction potential of sediments is improved within a period of time, thereby being beneficial to the growth of plants. In many rivers and lakes water, because reasons such as stormy waves erode, rivers erode and artificial activity interference, original soft silt matter basement is washed out by rivers, forms the stereoplasm basement of large tracts of land for the aquatic plant nature recovery process lacks essential material basis, also causes very big difficulty to artificial ecological remediation.
At present, for the ecological restoration of aquatic plants under the condition of a hard substrate, the physical characteristics of the substrate, such as terrain and landform, are mostly reformed through engineering measures, and artificial materials, such as concrete blocks, are thrown and padded, so that the roughness of the substrate is increased to eliminate waves and promote silt; then further improving the substrate condition through artificial vegetation restoration, and improving the aquatic plant habitat. The existing hard substrate improvement measures are usually higher in economic cost and large in disturbance to the water area ecosystem, and the substrate improvement is not necessarily suitable for rapid planting and secondary natural germination of aquatic plants.
Application number CN201410667442.1 discloses a hard substrate modifier after dredging in river channels or lakes and a preparation method thereof. Adding heat-treated calcium-based sepiolite and calcium-based attapulgite clay with high-efficiency phosphorus fixation capacity into dredging bottom mud of a river or a lake, placing for 7-10 days under natural environment conditions, and then filling the dredging bottom mud back into the dredged river or the lake for repairing and improving hard bottom materials; the method can effectively fix phosphorus in the dredged sediment, mineralize organic matters in the sediment, reduce the water content and increase the porosity, thereby achieving the purposes of recycling the polluted sediment and improving the damaged sediment environment. The disadvantages are that: the method does not solve the difficulty of in-situ fixation of sediment in a strong wind wave scouring environment; besides sediment substrates, conditions such as light irradiation and the like are also indispensable for aquatic plant germination, and the method does not provide a solution for the practical problem that the light-sensitive germination of the low-transparency water plants is difficult.
Application number CN201510412786.2 discloses a submerged plant planting matrix and a device for restoring eutrophic water body by utilizing submerged plants. The submerged plant planting matrix is composed of raw soil, gravels and coconut coir according to a certain proportion; in addition, the device also comprises a planting box, submerged plants, a pull rope, a fixing pile, a pulley and the like; the device has good restoration effect on eutrophic water, has stable structure, and can be applied to eutrophic water environments with low water transparency, frequent water level change, more natural catastrophes, hard bottom and the like which are not beneficial to the growth of submerged plants. The disadvantages are that: the method has high requirements on the topography and the landform of the water bottom and has larger disturbance on the water bottom environment; the method is relatively complex in operation, high in economic cost and not beneficial to large-scale popularization.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method, which aims to solve the problems that the existing hard substrate improvement measures proposed in the background technology are higher in economic cost and large in disturbance to a water area ecological system, and the improvement of the substrate is not necessarily suitable for rapid field planting and secondary natural germination of aquatic plants.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method comprises an ecological fiber cloth bag, a composite culture substrate, a fixing anchor, a pre-cultured aquatic plant, a rope buckle and a connecting rope, and the field planting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preselecting aquatic plant seeds, mixing the seeds with the composite culture medium, and uniformly stirring;
step two: mixing, filling into ecological fiber cloth bag, tying with connecting rope, and placing in container for pre-culture;
step three: after the pre-cultivated seedling sticks are drilled to expose 3-5cm outside the ecological fiber cloth bag, the other end of the connecting rope is tied on the rope buckle;
step four: the tied ecological fiber cloth bag is moved into a hard substrate water area needing to be repaired on the ship; cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves on the water surface and floating objects on the site; cutting the water area into strip-shaped operation areas according to the width of 2-4m by using a nylon rope; putting the tied ecological fiber cloth bag into a hard substrate water body to be repaired;
step five: regularly patrolling, when the underwater vegetation grows to 40-60cm in 6-8 weeks to form a sheet community, fishing out the ecological fiber cloth bag in the dense vegetation area by using the net bag, then transplanting the ecological fiber cloth bag to the vegetation sparse water area, and performing secondary space allocation of the plant density in the rapid vegetation field planting process.
In a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the ecological fiber cloth bag is formed by cutting a fiber non-woven fabric into a size of 30 × 30cm and processing.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the composite culture medium is formed by mixing silt, loam, organic compost and a soil binder.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the proportion of the sludge, the loam and the organic compost is 4:4: 2; the ratio of the soil adhesive added into the composite culture medium to the composite culture medium is 2: 1.
As a preferable technical scheme of the invention, the fixing anchor is formed by firing crude pottery, and comprises a rope fastener, an anchor column and teeth, wherein the top of the cylindrical anchor column is provided with the rope fastener, and the bottom of the cylindrical anchor column is provided with three pottery anchor teeth.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the anchor teeth are uniformly distributed at the bottom end of the anchor column at 120 degrees, and the anchor teeth are at acute angles of 35-45 degrees.
As a preferred technical scheme of the invention, the pre-cultured aquatic plant is a pre-selected aquatic plant seed, and the pre-cultured aquatic plant is one or more of eel grass, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, curly pondweed and potamogeton malabarica
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) by fixing the anchor and pre-cultivating, the difficulty that the aquatic plants with hard bases are difficult to attach can be overcome, the problem that the aquatic plants are difficult to germinate due to lack of illumination and the like of in-situ water can be avoided, a better aquatic plant community can be formed in the water with hard bases within 3-5 weeks under the condition of proper water temperature, the implementation operation is simple and convenient, the operation cost is low, and the large-scale popularization is facilitated;
(2) carrying out secondary spatial allocation on the plant density in the rapid vegetation field planting process; after the plants are ensured to stably grow for one growing season, the blank area is appropriately replanted in the second growing season through natural germination and growth according to the mode, and therefore the purpose of fast and good aquatic plant ecological restoration in the hard substrate water area is achieved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a fiber nonwoven fabric and a composite culture medium according to the present invention;
in the figure: 1. a cloth bag of ecological fiber; 2. compound culture medium; 3. fixing an anchor; 4. pre-culturing aquatic plants; 5. a rope fastener; 6. an anchor post; 7. anchor teeth; 8. connecting ropes; 9. a fibrous nonwoven fabric.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Referring to fig. 1 and fig. 2, the present invention provides a technical solution: a hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method comprises an ecological fiber cloth bag 1, a composite culture substrate 2, a fixing anchor 3, a pre-cultured aquatic plant 4, a rope buckle 5 and a connecting rope 8, and the field planting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preselecting aquatic plant seeds, mixing the seeds with the composite culture medium 2, and uniformly stirring;
step two: after being mixed evenly, the mixture is filled into an ecological fiber cloth bag 1 and is tied tightly by a connecting rope 8, and the ecological fiber cloth bag is placed into a container for pre-culture;
step three: after the pre-cultivated seedling shoots are drilled to expose 3-5cm outside the ecological fiber cloth bag 1, the other end of the connecting rope 8 is tied on the rope buckle 5;
step four: the tied ecological fiber cloth bag 1 is moved into a hard substrate water area needing to be repaired on the ship; cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves on the water surface and floating objects on the site; cutting the water area into strip-shaped operation areas according to the width of 2-4m by using a nylon rope; the tied ecological fiber cloth bag 1 is put into a hard substrate water body to be repaired;
step five: regularly patrolling, when the water bottom vegetation grows to 40-60cm in 6-8 weeks to form a sheet community, fishing out the ecological fiber cloth bag 1 in a dense vegetation area by using a net bag, then transplanting the ecological fiber cloth bag into a vegetation sparse water area, and performing secondary space allocation of plant density in the rapid vegetation field planting process; after the plants are ensured to stably grow for one growing season, the blank area is appropriately replanted in the second growing season through natural germination and growth according to the mode, and therefore the purpose of fast and good aquatic plant ecological restoration in the hard substrate water area is achieved.
In this embodiment, preferably, the ecological fiber cloth bag 1 is formed by cutting the fiber non-woven fabric 9 into 30 × 30cm, and the specification of the fiber non-woven fabric 9 can be 350g/m2-500g/m2The aperture and the strength are appropriate; the ecological fiber cloth bag 1 has a filtering function of water and soil permeation, can prevent the loss of fillers (mixed culture medium 2), can realize the exchange and transmission of water at any time inside and outside the bag, and simultaneously, the flexible texture and the proper gap of the ecological fiber cloth bag enable the root system and the germ of the pre-cultured aquatic plant 4 to smoothly pass through the bag body to grow freely; the ecological fiber cloth bag 1 is not easy to change in quality or rot in water, is non-toxic, is resistant to acid, alkali and salt corrosion and microbial decomposition, and is beneficial to the lasting improvement of a hard substrate.
In the embodiment, preferably, the composite culture medium 2 is formed by mixing sludge, loam, organic compost and a soil binder, wherein the sludge is river and lake dredging bottom sludge, the loam is yellow brown loam on the surface layer of the agriculture and forestry land, the sludge and the loam are dried, crushed, sieved by a 20-mesh sieve, fully stirred and uniformly mixed with the organic compost, and then a proper amount of the soil binder is added; the soil adhesive is RT-PAM series soil adhesive, and is used for maintaining the viscosity of the culture medium in water, so that the culture medium is not easy to be washed away with water flow and lost.
In the embodiment, the proportion of the sludge, the loam and the organic compost is preferably 4:4: 2; the ratio of the soil adhesive added into the composite culture medium 2 to the composite culture medium 2 is 2: 1.
In this embodiment, preferably, the fixing anchor 3 is made of crude pottery by firing, the fixing anchor 3 includes a rope buckle 5, an anchor post 6 and anchor teeth 7, the top of the cylindrical anchor post 6 is provided with the rope buckle 5, and the bottom is provided with three pottery anchor teeth 7; the rope buckle 5 is 0.8cm in diameter and is used for tying an ecological fiber cloth bag 1 containing the composite culture medium 2 and aquatic plant seeds, and the lower part of the ecological fiber cloth bag is integrally fired and connected with an anchor column 6 to increase the tightness of the fixing anchor; the cylindrical anchor post 6 is 6cm in length, 0.4cm in diameter and solid ceramic, and the lower end of the cylindrical anchor post is connected with three anchor teeth 7 with the tooth diameter of 0.3 cm.
In this embodiment, it is preferable that the anchor teeth 7 are uniformly distributed at the bottom end of the anchor post at 120 degrees, and the anchor teeth 7 are at an acute angle of 35-45 degrees.
In this embodiment, preferably, the pre-cultured aquatic plant 4 is a pre-selected aquatic plant seed, and the pre-cultured aquatic plant 4 is one or more of eel grass, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, curly pondweed, and potamogeton malabarica.
In this embodiment, the connecting rope 8 is preferably a thin fiber rope which is not easy to rot, and the length of the rope is 5-8cm after the rope is tied.
In the embodiment, preferably, the aquatic plant field planting is controlled in 8-15 ecological fiber cloth bags 1 in each square meter of water area, and the bags are kept at corresponding intervals when placed, so that the bags are prevented from being stacked in the water body.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides a quick field planting method of stereoplasm base anchor formula aquatic plant, includes ecological fiber sack (1), compound culture medium (2), anchor (3), preculture aquatic plant (4), cable loop (5), connection rope (8), its characterized in that: the planting method comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the following steps: preselecting aquatic plant seeds, mixing the seeds with the composite culture medium (2), and uniformly stirring;
step two: after being mixed evenly, the mixture is filled into an ecological fiber cloth bag (1) and is tied by a connecting rope (8), and the mixture is placed into a container for pre-culture;
step three: after the pre-cultivated seedling shoots are drilled to expose 3-5cm outside the ecological fiber cloth bag (1), the other end of the connecting rope (8) is tied on the rope buckle (5);
step four: the tied ecological fiber cloth bag (1) is moved onto a ship and is driven into a hard substrate water area to be repaired; cleaning dry branches and fallen leaves on the water surface and floating objects on the site; cutting the water area into strip-shaped operation areas according to the width of 2-4m by using a nylon rope; putting the tied ecological fiber cloth bag (1) into a hard substrate water body to be repaired;
step five: regularly patrolling, when the underwater vegetation grows to 40-60cm in 6-8 weeks to form a sheet community, the ecological fiber cloth bag (1) in the dense vegetation area can be fished by using a net bag, and then the ecological fiber cloth bag is transplanted to a vegetation sparse water area to carry out secondary space allocation of the plant density in the rapid vegetation field planting process.
2. The method for rapid field planting of hard substrate anchored aquatic plants according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological fiber cloth bag (1) is formed by cutting a fiber non-woven fabric (9) into a size of 30 x 30cm and processing.
3. The method for rapid field planting of hard substrate anchored aquatic plants according to claim 1, wherein: the composite culture medium (2) is formed by mixing sludge, loam, organic compost and a soil adhesive.
4. The method for rapid fixed planting of hard substrate anchored aquatic plants according to claim 3, wherein: the proportion of the sludge, the loam and the organic compost is 4:4: 2; the ratio of the soil adhesive added into the composite culture medium (2) to the composite culture medium (2) is 2: 1.
5. The method for rapid field planting of hard substrate anchored aquatic plants according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing anchor (3) is formed by firing coarse pottery, the fixing anchor (3) comprises a rope fastener (5), an anchor column (6) and teeth (7), the rope fastener (5) is arranged at the top of the cylindrical anchor column (6), and three pottery anchor teeth (7) are arranged at the bottom of the cylindrical anchor column.
6. The method for rapid field planting of hard substrate anchored aquatic plants according to claim 5, wherein: the anchor teeth (7) are uniformly distributed at the bottom end of the anchor column at 120 degrees, and the anchor teeth (7) are at acute angles of 35-45 degrees.
7. The method for rapid field planting of hard substrate anchored aquatic plants according to claim 1, wherein: the pre-cultured aquatic plant (4) is a pre-selected aquatic plant seed, and the pre-cultured aquatic plant (4) is one or more of eel grass, goldfish algae, hydrilla verticillata, waterweed, curly pondweed and malus potamogetus.
CN201910861863.0A 2019-09-12 2019-09-12 Hard substrate anchoring type aquatic plant rapid field planting method Pending CN111727871A (en)

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CN113331093A (en) * 2021-07-26 2021-09-03 张利英 Ecological fish and shrimp breeding method
CN115530096A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-12-30 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 Coral transplanting device and method for loose substrate

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113331093A (en) * 2021-07-26 2021-09-03 张利英 Ecological fish and shrimp breeding method
CN115530096A (en) * 2022-08-22 2022-12-30 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 Coral transplanting device and method for loose substrate

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