CN113940213B

CN113940213B - Ecological plant fiber blanket device and construction method

Info

Publication number: CN113940213B
Application number: CN202111020425.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王朝晖; 丁玲; 季遥; 李松; 李瑶; 魏伟; 张蒙生; 骆蓓菁
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2021-09-01
Filing date: 2021-09-01
Publication date: 2023-12-29
Anticipated expiration: 2041-09-01
Also published as: CN113940213A

Abstract

The invention belongs to an ecological plant fiber blanket device and a construction method in the new technical fields of ocean engineering and water environment engineering, and the technical scheme is as follows: the plant fiber blanket comprises a skeleton grid and planting net blocks; the planting net blocks are embedded in the framework grids and fixed; the skeleton grid comprises main ropes and Mao Zhupan; a plurality of main ropes are vertically and horizontally intersected and fixed to form a net shape; mao Zhupan the semi-circular moso bamboo has downward concave surface and is connected with the main rope in series in the same posture; planting soil is filled in the planting net blocks. The ecological plant fiber blanket device can be used for planting aquatic plants and constructing planar fish reefs. The device is similar to a soft mattress, not only can protect the beach surface, but also can provide a foundation bed for aquatic plants and provide a guarantee for seed germination and growth. The components of the invention are standard components and have universality, so that the invention can be designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory way and constructed in an assembled way; simple structure, safety and reliability.

Description

Ecological plant fiber blanket device and construction method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a new technology of ocean engineering and water environment engineering, in particular to a plant fiber blanket seaweed planting device and a construction method thereof in the construction technology of a Yangtze river mouth cross Sha Daoguang beach ecosystem, which are used for assisting in the treatment of the Yangtze river mouth ecological environment.

Background

The coastline of China is longer, and the ocean resources are rich. But in recent years, natural wetlands have decreased due to the large amount of suspended sediment generated by land pollutant discharge and offshore engineering, and parts of the "vegetation" on the coastal beach have disappeared rapidly or parts of the beach are becoming a "desert" due to the continual accumulation of the incoming sand at the sea outlet. For example, the area of the horizontal sand island in Shanghai city only has a height line of 0m to 2m, and the horizontal sand island has hundreds of square kilometers, has no vegetation, and is a real beach. The light beach causes many fishes to lose habitat, the biodiversity is reduced, and the habitat density is reduced. At present, the concrete framework reefs, stone reefs and the like are mainly adopted, and practice shows that the ecological environment of water cannot be created due to the fact that the ecological substrate is not arranged on the light beach, and the effect of the reefs cannot be exerted.

The most effective way of the light beach is manual repair, but aquatic plants cannot be planted on the light beach, and seaweeds do not grow on the seabed yet and are flushed away by ocean currents on the seabed. The fish reef adopted at present has single function and no auxiliary planting function; if only the fish reef is built on the light beach, the face of the light beach is difficult to change, and fishes and aquatic organisms cannot be attracted to enter. The aquatic weed and the fish reef are all eaten and played, so that a proper water ecological environment can be created, and the fish and the aquatic creature can be kept if the aquatic creature can be kept away.

In summary, a water ecological restoration technology is urgently needed for the light beach to treat desertification of the Yangtze river mouth water area, and provide inhabitation refuge sites for bait organisms at the bottom layers of various food chains. The ecological restoration of the beach can change the living environment of fishes in the ocean, and has the effects of proliferation and aggregation. Therefore, the ocean ecological environment construction at the Yangtze river mouth can not be planted by sea grass, and the light beach can be protected. However, the light beach cannot be planted by adopting a traditional method, and a new mode of planting seaweeds and a new mode of planting aquatic plants on the light beach are needed to change the severe environment of the light beach.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides an ecological plant fiber blanket device and a construction method, which can be used for planting aquatic plants, constructing planar fish reefs and protecting the light beaches from rushing.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: an ecological plant fiber blanket device, wherein the plant fiber blanket comprises a skeleton grid and planting net blocks; the planting net blocks are embedded in the framework grids and fixed; the skeleton grid comprises main ropes and Mao Zhupan; a plurality of main ropes are vertically and horizontally intersected and fixed to form a net shape; mao Zhupan the bamboo is a semi-circular bamboo with its concave surface downward and connected to the main rope in series with the same posture; planting soil is filled in the planting net blocks and used for planting submerged plants.

Based on the technical characteristics: the prefabricated blocks are arranged at the two outer corners of the end head of the plant fiber blanket, and are connected with the outer corners of the plant fiber blanket, namely the outer corners of the framework grids through lanyards.

Based on the technical characteristics: the planting net block comprises a bamboo chip net, a plant fiber net, side wall geotextiles and internally filled planting soil; the upper layer and the lower layer of the planting net block are respectively bamboo chip nets; the side wall geotextile is arranged around the planting net block; the plant fiber net is arranged on the inner side of the bamboo chip net.

Based on the technical characteristics: a drainage bamboo pipe is arranged in the planting net block; the drainage bamboo pipe vertically penetrates through the planting net blocks, and the length is the same as the thickness of the planting net blocks.

Based on the technical characteristics: the bamboo sheet net is a net formed by crisscross long bamboo sheets and connecting ropes which are connected in series, and the arrangement direction of the long bamboo sheets is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plant fiber blanket; the arrangement direction of the connecting rope is consistent with the rolling direction of the plant fiber blanket.

Based on the technical characteristics: the ends of the long bamboo chips and the connecting rope are provided with connecting hooks: the connecting hooks are hooked with the main ropes of the skeleton grid and locked by bayonets.

Based on the technical characteristics: the fixed buckle is arranged in the middle of the concave surface of Mao Zhupan, and is clamped and locked Mao Zhupan on the main rope.

The construction method based on the ecological plant fiber blanket device comprises the following steps:

step one: plant processing plant fiber blanket, winding the plant fiber blanket on a rotating shaft to form a winding drum, and carrying the plant fiber blanket to a light beach throwing site in a centralized manner by adopting a ship;

step two: lifting a winding drum on a ship by adopting lifting equipment or manpower, and placing two ends of a rotating shaft on bearing frames fixed at the bow of the ship;

step three: two precast blocks are arranged at the beginning end of the plant fiber blanket;

step four: placing the precast block together with the end head of the plant fiber blanket in a set water area;

step five: the ship advances to the laying direction, and simultaneously rotates the winding drum to uniformly loosen the plant fiber blanket, so that the plant fiber blanket continuously falls into water and sinks to the beach surface of the beach under the action of dead weight.

The invention provides a plant fiber blanket repairing light beach technology, which is characterized in that a framework grid is combined with a planting net block to form a plant fiber blanket, and the plant fiber blanket is a flexible structure body. For the offshore light beach, the plant fiber blanket is utilized to repair the water ecology, so that the limitation of the prior art is overcome. The ecological plant fiber blanket device can be used for planting aquatic plants, constructing planar fish reefs and protecting the light beach from rushing. The device is similar to a soft mattress, not only can protect the beach surface, but also can provide a foundation bed for aquatic plants and provide a guarantee for seed germination and growth. The carpet type beach surface is covered, so that the beach surface can be used for screening loose light beach substrates, thereby slowing down micro-environment water flow, settling suspended matters and catching nutrient salts, and further achieving the effects of stabilizing the substrates and fixing seaweed plants.

The device is characterized in that the components are standard components, and the same components have universality, so that standardized design, factory production and assembly construction can be realized; simple structure, safety and reliability. The beneficial effects of the invention are specifically explained as follows:

(1) The invention innovates the difficulty of planting aquatic plants in the light beach, and provides a novel resource-saving, low-carbon and environment-friendly plant fiber blanket soft-cover technology and a novel ecological management concept.

For the offshore light beach, the plant fiber blanket is utilized to repair the water ecology, so that the limitation of the prior art is overcome. The ecological plant fiber blanket can be used for planting aquatic plants and constructing planar fish reefs. The device is similar to a soft mattress, not only can protect the beach surface, but also can provide a foundation bed for aquatic plants and provide a guarantee for seed germination and growth. The carpet covers the beach surface to enable the beach surface to be capable of screening loose substrates, so that micro-environment water flow is slowed down, suspended matters are settled, nutrient salts are caught, and the effects of stabilizing the substrates and fixing seaweed plants are further achieved.

(2) The components are standard, the same components are convenient for common use, standardized manufacture and factory manufacture, and assembly type construction are convenient; simple structure, safety and reliability. The plant fiber blanket material is easier to develop and produce; the construction is convenient, the construction is put on the surface of the beach, and the beach can be kept for a long time.

(3) The light beach can not grow plants, and the plant fiber blanket with the planting foundation bed is paved and falls to the beach surface, then the plant fiber blanket is slowly rooted on the beach, falls to the ground for rooting, and is combined with the light beach.

The plant fiber blanket is not only a carrier of aquatic plants, but also a planar fish reef, and the bamboo chip net and the plant fiber net which form the planting net block have affinity, so that habitat is provided for plankton, benthos and the like, and a biological chain and a marine ecological system heavy reviving machine are provided for fishes.

(4) The bamboo sheet net is mainly made of moso bamboo, has rich moso bamboo resources, natural materials and good biological affinity, and is particularly suitable for aquatic organism inhabitation. The moso bamboo and plant fiber materials can be decomposed after more than ten years in seawater, and are natural and pollution-free; when decomposed, lignin can be formed, the environment is not damaged, and the nutrition for aquatic plants and aquatic animals can be continuously provided.

(5) The plant fiber blanket can be made from straw of rice, wheat, corn, etc. or palm, coconut, fibrilia, etc. by special mechanical braiding.

(6) The device is similar to a soft mattress, and protects the light beach; the foundation bed for planting seaweed can prevent the light beach from scouring and increase the species. The components are standard components and have universality, so that the components are convenient for factory manufacture and field installation.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic plan view of an ecological plant fiber blanket apparatus.

Fig. 2 is a schematic plan view of a skeletal grid (bottom view).

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the intersection of the skeletal mesh.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view of Mao Zhupan.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a planting net block.

FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view of a planting net block, and the cross-sectional view A-A of FIG. 5.

FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of a planting net block, and FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view B-B.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of a skeletal grid assembly.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of the plant fiber blanket assembly with prefabricated blocks.

Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram of plant fiber blanket lay-up.

The reference numerals in the figures are intended to be: a skeleton grid 1; planting net blocks 2; a plant fiber blanket 3; the light beach surface 4; a main rope 5; mao Zhupan 6; a fixing buckle 7; a prefabricated block 8; a lanyard 9; a connecting hook 10; long bamboo strips 11; a connecting cable 12; a plant fiber net 13; planting soil 14; a drainage bamboo tube 15; wedge-shaped feet 16; a sidewall geotextile 17; a planting reel 18; a boat 19; paving apparatus 20; water level a.

Detailed Description

The following describes the embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to be limiting.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

Furthermore, in the description of the present invention, unless otherwise indicated, the meaning of "a plurality" is two or more.

The invention provides a plant fiber blanket repairing light beach technology, as shown in fig. 9, a plant fiber blanket 3 is formed by combining a framework grid 1 and a planting net block 2, and a precast block 8 is configured during use.

The components, functional effects and implementation methods are specifically described below with reference to fig. 1 to 10.

1. Skeleton net 1

As shown in fig. 2, 3 and 4, the skeleton grid 1 is composed of main ropes 5, mao Zhupan, fixing buckles 7 and the like, and the main stress members of the device are formed after the grid is formed, so that the device is rolled, tiled and fixed on the beach.

(1) Main rope 5: the main rope 5 is made of nylon ropes, a plurality of vertical ropes and a plurality of horizontal ropes are vertically intersected to form a grid shape, and the main rope is a main stress member of the whole plant fiber blanket planting device. The main ropes are uniformly clamped with Mao Zhupan at intervals, and the main ropes are paved on the beach surface and then inserted into the foundation, so that the plant fiber blanket is connected with the beach surface, and the plant fiber blanket is kept stable together with the dead weight of the planting net block 2.

The size of the grid formed by the main ropes 5 is related to the size of the planting net block 2, the larger the grid is, the larger the strength of the main ropes 5 is needed, and the larger the strength of the material forming the planting net block 2 is also needed; the thickness of the planting soil is generally constant, and the weight per unit area can be calculated, whereby the size of the planting net 2 can be determined. Generally, the skeleton grid 1 is preferably square, and the side length is preferably larger than 1.0m. In order to facilitate the assembly of the field planting net block 2, the transverse meshes of the skeleton net 1 are preferably 2 to 3. As shown in fig. 2 and 3, the grid of main ropes 5 is assembled Mao Zhupan to form the skeletal grid 1. The main ropes 5 can be connected in a butt joint mode through grooves, for example, a cross intersection position is adopted, a groove is formed at the intersection position of the longitudinal (or transverse) main ropes, the transverse (or longitudinal) main ropes pass through the groove, and cross intersection binding is adopted at the intersection position.

(2) Mao Zhupan 6: as shown in fig. 3 and 4, mao Zhupan is a semicircular moso bamboo, similar to a suction cup, and two moso bamboo discs 6 are formed by cutting a section of moso bamboo longitudinally from the middle, the length of the moso bamboo discs is generally 100mm to 150mm, and a plurality of moso bamboo discs 6 are connected in series on the main rope 5 in the same posture and are fastened by fixing buckles 7. The clear distance between the two moso bamboo trays 6 is not smaller than the radius of Mao Zhupan so as to facilitate the rolling up of the planted fiber blanket. Part of the load of the planting net block 2 is transferred to the main rope 5 through the connecting hooks 10, and the main rope 5 transfers the load to the Mao Zhupan, so that the wedge-shaped feet 16 on two sides of the Mao Zhupan are slowly embedded into the sand foundation of the beach under the load, and the anti-movement of the planting net block 2 is improved.

Mao Zhupan 6 on the main rope 5 is at a T-shaped or cross-shaped intersection, and Mao Zhupan is at a certain distance from the intersection point, so as to avoid mutual influence. The radius of Mao Zhupan is generally 100mm to 200mm, and the radii of the adjacent Mao Zhupan 6 can be unequal, because the flexible main ropes are adopted, the two main ropes have no influence on each other, and each moso bamboo plate 6 can be tightly attached to the ground.

(3) Fixing buckle 7: the fixing buckle 7 is made of plastic and is a small component which is opened and can be closed and locked. The fixedly arranged in the middle of the concave surface of Mao Zhupan 6 is clamped and locked when Mao Zhupan is connected with the main rope 5.

(4) Precast block 8 and lanyard 9: the main function is to accelerate the sinking and positioning of the plant fiber blanket. Two outer corners of the end head of each newly laid plant fiber blanket are installed; one end of a lanyard 9 (nylon rope) is tied to the outer corner of the plant fiber blanket, and the other end is tied to a hook ring of the precast block 8, so that the plant blanket is helped to stably sink, and floating shaking of the end of the plant blanket when the end of the plant blanket just begins to sink, especially under the action of tide is reduced.

2. Planting net block 2

As shown in fig. 5, 6 and 7, the planting net block 2 is composed of a net of bamboo chips (consisting of long bamboo chips 11 and connecting ropes 12), a net of plant fibers 13, a side wall geotextile 17, planting soil 14, a drainage bamboo pipe 15, a connecting hook 10, and the like. As shown in fig. 1, the planting net block 2 is a square block body embedded in the framework grid, and is a foundation bed of seaweed and also a barrier for light beach impact prevention. The planting net block 2 is longitudinally flexible, can be rolled and unrolled, has higher rigidity after rolling, and is convenient to carry. The planting net block 2 is a sandwich cake, has the same structure from top to bottom, and comprises a bamboo sheet net and a plant fiber net 13 from outside to inside, and planting soil 14 in the middle. The planting net block is a square block, four sides of the planting net block are provided with connecting hooks 10, the intervals of the planting net block are in one-to-one correspondence with two moso bamboo trays arranged on the main rope 5, and the planting net block is hooked with the main rope 5. The size of the planting net block 2 is consistent with that of the skeleton grid 1.

(1) Bamboo chip net: the bamboo sheet net is formed by crisscross long bamboo sheets 11 and connecting ropes 12. Since the planting net block 2 is installed in the framework grid 1, the plant fiber blanket 3 is rolled up with directivity, and the long bamboo chips 11 cannot be rolled up in the length direction, so that the long bamboo chips 11 are perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plant fiber blanket 3. Namely, the rolling direction is longitudinal, the long bamboo chips 11 are transversely arranged, the connecting ropes 12 are longitudinally arranged, and a plurality of long bamboo chips 11 are connected in series. The long bamboo splints 11 have larger meshes and are determined according to the sizes of the planting soil 14 and the planting net blocks 2. The long bamboo strips 11 are made of bamboo, the width is 20mm to 30mm, and the length is equal to the transverse width of the planting net block 2. The connecting rope 12 is made of nylon ropes, the length of the connecting rope is equal to the longitudinal length of the planting net block 2, and the diameter of the connecting rope is comprehensively determined according to the weight and the length of the planting net block 2.

The connecting hook 10 is made of plastic and is a small ring-shaped, open and closed locking component. The connecting hooks 10 are arranged at the ends of the long bamboo chips 11 and the connecting ropes 12, and are mainly used for connecting the planting net blocks 2 with the framework grids 1, and the connecting hooks 10 are hooked with the main ropes 5 in the framework grids 1, so that the planting net blocks 2 are embedded in the framework grids 1 as shown in fig. 1.

The bamboo chip net can generally be larger mesh, such as greater than 200mm. The bamboo chip net can degrade harmful substances in water, provide space for adhesion growth and propagation of microorganisms in water, and promote degradation of pollutants in water. Virtuous circle, ecology and environmental protection. The affinity of the bamboo chip net provides habitat for plankton and thus biological chains for fish. The bamboo chip net can provide food chains for aquatic organisms even if rotten after more than ten years, and can provide a foundation bed for aquatic plants continuously, so that the environment is not polluted.

(2) Plant fiber net 13: is woven by plant fibers, is placed on the inner side of the bamboo chip net and is bound with the bamboo chip net by a binding rope, and has the main function of preventing the planting soil 14 from leaking out. The mesh of the plant fiber net 13 is used for ensuring that the planting soil is not leaked out when the device is tiled, and the device is easy to dredge and not compact. The root system of the aquatic plant is easier to pass through the plant fiber net 13 to take root in the sand layer; the seaweed seedlings grow upwards and can also easily pass through the plant fiber net 13 to grow upwards freely.

The plant fiber net 13 can be produced by adopting straw of rice, wheat, corn, etc. or palm, coconut, fibrilia, etc. as a substrate and utilizing professional mechanical braiding production.

(3) Planting soil 14: the planting soil 14 is a mixture of plant short fibers and soil so as to reduce the weight of the planting net block 2, ensure the integrity of the planting soil through the bridging effect of the plant short fibers, are mutually meshed, are not easy to scatter, and can increase downward stretching of plant root systems for rooting. Manufacturing planting soil 14:

1) Material

The rice and wheat straw is used for manufacturing, and the rice and wheat straw can be simply processed into the rice straw with the length of 30 mm. The soil is humus soil or common cohesive soil.

2) Blending amount

In order to ensure that grass fibers can be uniformly distributed in planting soil, the limit value of the maximum doping amount is generally 3 percent.

3) Stirring

The planting soil can be prepared on site by adopting a conventional mortar stirrer, and the planting soil is uniformly stirred. In order to uniformly disperse the fibers in the soil, the fibers should be fed through a shaking screen or a dispersing machine. Adding a small amount of water into soil, adding the soil into a stirrer, uniformly stirring, and adding grass seeds into the fiber, and stirring. Adding water, and standing until the mixture is kneaded into clusters by hand, wherein the mixture is in a semi-moist state.

After soil is added to grass fibers, the main function is to provide soil binding through bridging, thereby improving soil performance. The durability of the soil is improved, and the deformation resistance of the soil matrix is improved, so that the toughness and impact resistance of the soil are improved, and the tensile strength of the soil is improved.

The adopted grass seeds are preferably selected from (1) local grass seeds and native plants as far as possible; (2) selecting grass seeds which are easy to survive and have strong root system development and growth capacity. Burying seaweed seeds into planting soil to allow the seaweed seeds to naturally germinate and grow. Suitable aquatic plants are selected in each place, for example, acorus gramineus, ribes palmus, etc. are selected from the light beach of the cross sand island of Shanghai city. The root system of seaweed can penetrate through the plant fiber net 13 at the bottom of the planting net block, penetrate through the bamboo chip net with large meshes, and slowly penetrate into the light beach soil layer, and the plant root system which grows gradually along with the growth of plants organically combines the plant fiber blanket with the light beach. The seaweed is continuously expanded outwards, and the plant fiber blanket is formed outside the newly grown plant from point to face. After the vegetation of the light beach is diffused, a proper benthonic environment and food source are provided for benthonic organisms.

The laying of the bamboo sheet net and the plant fiber net 13 at the bottom of the planting net block 2 is completed, then the erection of the surrounding geotextiles is carried out, the arrangement of the drainage bamboo pipes 15 at the middle part is carried out, and then planting soil 14 is filled; the laying of the upper plant fiber net 13, bamboo chip net is then completed.

(4) Sidewall geotextile 17: the side walls of four sides of the planting net block 2 are vertically provided with double-layer geotechnical cloth, and meshes are suitable for preventing soil leakage so as to resist the loss of the side face of planting soil. The upper and lower ends of the geotextile are fixedly connected with the bamboo sheet net.

(5) Drainage bamboo tube 15: the drainage bamboo tube 15 is made of moso bamboo, the upper end is flat, and the lower end is zigzag; the length of the drainage bamboo tube 15 is the same as the thickness of the planting net block 2. As shown in fig. 5, the two ends of the long bamboo strips 11 and the connecting ropes 12 are connected and fixed with the bamboo strip net by adopting binding ropes at the central part of the grid of the bamboo strip net. All bamboo joints of the drainage bamboo pipe are communicated, and the main effect is to reduce the buoyancy of the plant fiber blanket when the whole device is paved on the beach surface; meanwhile, the lower end of the bamboo tube is inserted into the beach surface in a zigzag manner, so that resistance is provided for the stability of the planting net block 2. 2 to 5 water draining bamboo pipes 15 are arranged in one planting net block 2, and are preferably symmetrically arranged.

(6) The connecting hook 10: the connecting hook 10 is made of plastic, the hook head is round, and is provided with a bayonet, and is locked with the bayonet after hooking with the main rope 5.

3. Functional effects

As shown in fig. 8, the main ropes 5 and Mao Zhupan 6 are combined to form a framework grid 1; as shown in fig. 9, the skeletal grid 1 and the planting net block 2 constitute a plant fiber blanket 3, and a prefabricated block 8 is arranged in use. The ecological plant fiber blanket device is similar to a soft mattress, can realize the flow velocity of a shoal area to be stabilized by spreading on the light beach surface, cuts off the channel on the beach surface, prevents the beach surface from being further scoured, stabilizes the beach surface, builds a shoal environment easy to be silted up, creates conditions for the formation of ecological substrates and the like.

Taking the light beach of the cross sand island in Shanghai as an example, due to the fact that the height of the cross sand shallow is low, the hydrodynamic interference effect of tides, waves and the like is large, sediment is lost, a large amount of nutrients cannot be accumulated, and a salt marsh substrate with vegetation is lacking, so that large benthonic animals of the region, such as nereida, shellfish, crabs and snails, are distributed less, the breakage of food chains/nets is single, and the biological diversity of an ecological system is extremely low. Therefore, the sediment substrate needs to be supplemented on the basis of restraining water flow scouring and lifting the beach substrate, seaweed is planted through the device, a soft bottom habitat with the scirpus/scirpus distribution, which is favored by benthos, is created, and the ecological quality of the Yangtze river mouth is intentionally improved.

The transverse Sha Dao light beach area is large, the device can be used for solving the problems, and the device can be used for laying on the beach with serious problems, so that the device can be paved, seaweed can be planted, and the light beach ecology can be improved. And meanwhile, the light beaches are prevented from being washed, and the species are increased. By constructing an artificial seaweed area in the light beach sea area, the original single flat sediment substrate is reconstructed to form diversified habitat types, so that the substrate reconstruction and flow field reconstruction effects are generated in the sea area.

Through aquatic plant planting, utilize the device, can accomplish the scour protection and plant, two kinds of functions two unification, construct a complete and healthy beach wetland ecosystem of performance. For the light beach area, natural ecological conservation is taken as a main part, and the fish is cultivated on the beach, so that a proper habitat is provided for benthonic animals and fishes in the intertidal zone.

The ecological plant fiber blanket device is spliced in a single mode, independent, light in weight and free from influence of uneven settlement of the foundation; not only can effectively control the scouring of the river bed around the structure, but also can adapt to the change of the surrounding topography. Not only bears the impact protection beach, but also is a planting foundation bed and a plane reef body, and provides a habitat for fishes and aquatic animals.

The invention has the advantages of resource saving, environmental protection, low carbon and environmental protection. The ecological plant fiber blanket device has the advantages of ecology, low carbon, environmental protection, multifunction and multiple purposes. Not only solves the problem of seaweed planting on the optical beach, has no problems of resource waste, environmental pollution and the like, but also saves the comprehensive investment of engineering, has optimal comprehensive economic benefit and social benefit, is low-carbon and environment-friendly, saves resources and deserves great advocation.

The plant fiber blanket consists of standard components, and is assembled in a factory; the flexible structure body can be used for any tidal flat field and has strong applicability. The field tiling is simple to operate. The plant fiber blanket fully utilizes the agricultural waste straw, which is an effective way for solving the influence of straw burning on the air environment quality; and the negative influence of the straw on the environment is solved, the double effects are achieved, and the environmental protection effect is obvious. Biological nutrients can be provided after the plant fiber is degraded, and fertilizer is provided for vegetation growth after the straw is degraded in the later period, so that the seaweed planting effect of the plant fiber blanket is improved. The construction efficiency is high, the plant fiber blanket tiling is less limited by seasons, the construction process is simpler, and the construction speed is higher.

4. Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The same components of the ecological plant fiber blanket device have the same shape and size, so the same components can be standardized in factory production; the manufacturing and processing are convenient, the efficiency can be improved, the material consumption can be reduced, the product quality is ensured, a large amount of field workload can be reduced, and the engineering quality of the device is improved. After the factory is assembled, the water is sent to the beach water area to be built, and the beach water is thrown on the ship.

1. Factory fabrication

1) Manufacturing of skeleton grid 1

The framework grid 1 consists of main ropes 5, mao Zhupan 6 and fixing buckles 7. According to the design size, the following components are manufactured and assembled.

(1) Main rope 5: the main rope is made of nylon ropes, and a plurality of vertical ropes and a plurality of horizontal ropes are vertically intersected to form a grid shape.

(2) Mao Zhupan 6: mao Zhupan is a semicircular moso bamboo, is similar to a sucking disc, is split from the middle by a section of moso bamboo to form 2 single sections, and has a length of generally 100mm to 150mm, a plurality of Mao Zhupan concave surfaces facing downwards, and is connected on the main rope 5 in series in the same posture and is fastened by the fixing buckle 7.

(3) Fixing buckle 7: the fixing buckle 7 is made of plastic and is a small component which is opened and can be closed and locked.

(4) Precast block 8 and lanyard 9: the main function is to accelerate the sinking and positioning of the plant fiber blanket, and the plant fiber blanket is used on site. The precast block 8 may be precast of concrete.

The single skeleton grid is completed in the steps (1) to (3), the second skeleton grid is assembled in the same way, and the steps are circulated … …

2) Production of planting net block 2

The planting net block 2 consists of a bamboo sheet net, a plant fiber net 13, side wall geotextiles 17, planting soil 14, a drainage bamboo pipe 15, a connecting hook 10 and the like.

(1) Bamboo chip net: the bamboo sheet net is formed by crisscross long bamboo sheets 11 and connecting ropes 12.

The rolling direction is longitudinal, the long bamboo chips 11 are transversely arranged, the connecting ropes 12 are longitudinally arranged, and a plurality of long bamboo chips 11 are connected in series.

The connecting hook 10 is made of plastic and is a small ring-shaped, open and closed locking component.

(2) Plant fiber net 13: is woven by plant fibers, is placed on the inner side of the bamboo chip net and is bound with the bamboo chip net by a binding rope, and the main function is to prevent planting soil from leaking.

(3) Planting soil 14: the planting soil 14 is a mixture of plant short fibers and soil, and the volume ratio of the plant short fibers to the soil is preferably 1:3.

(4) Sidewall geotextile 17: double-layer geotechnical cloth is vertically arranged on four side walls of the planting net block 2, and meshes are suitable for preventing soil leakage so as to resist the loss of the side face of planting soil.

(5) Drainage bamboo tube 15: the drainage bamboo tube 15 is made of moso bamboo, the upper end is flat, and the lower end is zigzag; the length of the drainage bamboo pipe is the same as the thickness of the planting net block.

The laying of the bamboo sheet net and the plant fiber net 13 at the bottom of the planting net block 2 is completed, the geotextile 17 around the net block is erected, the drainage bamboo pipes 15 are arranged, and then planting soil 14 is filled; after the completion, the upper plant fiber net 13 and the bamboo chip net are laid successively. Thus, the single planting net block 2 is completed, the second is processed in the same way, and the process is circulated … …

3) Factory assembly

(1) The skeleton grid 1 and the planting net block 2 are combined to form the plant fiber blanket 3.

(2) The plant fiber blanket 3 is wound on a shaft to form a planting reel 18, and a plurality of planting reels 18 are transported to the site together for laying. The method has the advantages of large winding volume, no field assembly, and segmented winding of longer planting carpets.

Thus, once assembled, a complete plant fiber blanket 3 is formed and rolled up on a rotating shaft to form a planting roll 18. The same process completes the second planting roll 18, thus cycling … …

2. In-situ paving

As shown in fig. 10, a plurality of planting reels 18, i.e. plant fiber blankets 3 already mounted on the rotating shaft, can be transported to the beach delivery site at a time by a ship 19.

(1) Lifting equipment or manpower can be adopted on the ship to lift one planting reel 18, and the planting reel 18 is placed on the laying equipment 20 at the bow, namely, two ends of the rotating shaft are supported on fixed bearing frames;

(2) Two precast blocks 8 are arranged at the starting end of the plant fiber blanket 3; the precast block 8 may be concrete;

(3) Placing the precast block 8 together with the end head of the plant fiber blanket 3 in a set water area;

(4) The boat travels in the laying direction while rotating the planting reel 18, uniformly releasing the plant fiber blanket 3. The plant fiber blanket 3 continuously falls into the water and sinks from the water level A to the beach surface 4 … … under the action of dead weight

And so on, the same method lays down the next one in turn.

The arrow direction shown in fig. 10 is the laying direction of the plant fiber blanket.

In summary, the invention aims to restore water ecology on a light beach similar to a Yangtze river mouth by using a planting blanket, overcomes the limitation of the prior art, and discloses an ecological plant fiber blanket device and a construction method. The carpet is covered, so that the carpet can screen the loose substrate, thereby slowing down the flow of micro-environment water, settling suspended matters and catching nutrient salts, and further achieving the effects of stabilizing the substrate and fixing seaweed plants.

The device is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory and constructed in an assembled way; the method not only provides a planting foundation bed for the light beach, but also provides a planar fish shelter, and is particularly suitable for ecological construction of the light beach at the mouth of a Yangtze river; simple structure, ecology and environmental protection, investment saving, convenient construction and reliable facilities.

The length of the device is unlimited, when the laying process is needed, the coiled plant fiber blanket can be cut off at a complete planting net block immediately, the next cutting can be carried out, two precast blocks are added at the front end before water is discharged, then the laying is carried out, reconfiguration is not needed, no material waste is caused, and the construction equipment and mode are not needed to be adjusted.

The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An ecological plant fiber blanket device which is characterized in that: the plant fiber blanket (3) comprises a skeleton grid (1) and planting net blocks (2); the planting net blocks (2) are embedded in the framework grids (1) and fixed; the skeleton grid (1) comprises main ropes (5) and Mao Zhupan (6); a plurality of main ropes (5) are vertically and horizontally intersected and fixed to form a net shape; the Mao Zhupan (6) is a section of semicircular moso bamboo with a downward concave surface, and is connected with the main rope (5) in series in the same posture; planting soil (14) is filled in the planting net blocks (2) for planting submerged plants;

precast blocks (8) are arranged at two outer corners of the end heads of the plant fiber blanket (3), and the precast blocks (8) are connected with the outer corners of the plant fiber blanket (3) through lanyards (9);

the planting net block (2) comprises a bamboo chip net, a plant fiber net (13), side wall geotextiles (17) and the planting soil (14) filled in; the upper layer and the lower layer of the planting net block (2) are respectively the bamboo chip net; side wall geotextiles (17) are arranged around the planting net blocks (2); the plant fiber net (13) is arranged on the inner side of the bamboo chip net.

2. An ecological plant fiber blanket apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: a drainage bamboo pipe (15) is arranged in the planting net block (2); the drainage bamboo pipe (15) vertically penetrates through the planting net block (2), and the length is the same as the thickness of the planting net block (2).

3. An ecological plant fiber blanket apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the bamboo sheet net is formed by crisscross long bamboo sheets (11) and connecting ropes (12) which are connected in series, and the arrangement direction of the long bamboo sheets (11) is perpendicular to the rolling direction of the plant fiber blanket (3); the arrangement direction of the connecting rope (12) is consistent with the rolling direction of the plant fiber blanket (3).

4. An ecological plant fiber blanket apparatus according to claim 3, wherein: the long bamboo strips (11) and the ends of the connecting rope (12) are provided with connecting hooks (10), and the connecting hooks (10) are hooked with the main rope (5) and locked in a bayonet mode.

5. An ecological plant fiber blanket apparatus according to claim 1, wherein: the fixing buckle (7) is arranged in the middle of the concave surface of the Mao Zhupan (6) and is used for clamping and locking the Mao Zhupan (6) to the main rope (5).

6. The method for constructing an ecological plant fiber blanket device according to claim 1, wherein:

step one: the plant fiber blanket (3) is processed in a factory, and is wound on a rotating shaft to form a planting reel (18), and is transported to a light beach throwing field in a concentrated manner by adopting a ship;

step two: lifting one of the planting reels (18) on the ship by using lifting equipment or manpower, and placing two ends of the rotating shaft on bearing frames with fixed ship heads;

step three: two precast blocks (8) are arranged at the starting end of the plant fiber blanket (3);

step four: placing the precast block (8) together with the end head of the plant fiber blanket (3) in a set water area;

step five: the ship advances to the direction of laying, and simultaneously rotates the planting reel (18), evenly loosens the plant fiber blanket (3), plant fiber blanket (3) constantly falls into water, and under the dead weight effect, sinks to light beach face (4).