CN113711964A

CN113711964A - Ecological type bedding tree reef device for photosea and arrangement method thereof

Info

Publication number: CN113711964A
Application number: CN202110954921.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 王朝晖; 丁玲; 季遥; 李松; 魏伟; 李瑶; 张蒙生; 骆蓓菁
Original assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Current assignee: Shanghai Investigation Design and Research Institute Co Ltd SIDRI
Priority date: 2021-08-19
Filing date: 2021-08-19
Publication date: 2021-11-30

Abstract

The invention belongs to ocean engineering and water environment engineering technologies, and relates to a beach ecological type bedded tree reef device and an arrangement method thereof. The technical scheme is as follows: the bedded tree reef device comprises a planting bedded bed at the lower part and a tree-shaped fish reef at the upper part; the planting bed comprises a bed main body and a large buoyancy ring sleeved outside the bed main body; the bed main body is a cylinder with a jack in the middle; planting soil is filled in the cylinder of the bed main body and is used for planting submerged plants; the bottom of the tree-shaped fish reef is inserted into the jack and fixed. The device mainly has 3 arrangement methods: reef array type arrangement, spur dike type arrangement and submerged dike type arrangement. It can plant aquatic plant, can construct the fish reef simultaneously again. The device is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory and constructed in an assembly way; the method not only provides a planting bed for the light beach, but also provides a fish reef, and is particularly suitable for ecological construction of the light beach at the mouth of the Yangtze river and the like; simple structure, ecological environmental protection, investment saving, construction convenience, facility are reliable.

Description

Ecological type bedding tree reef device for photosea and arrangement method thereof

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technology of ocean engineering and water environment engineering, and particularly relates to a tree-shaped fish reef device with a planting bed and an arrangement method thereof for constructing an ecological system of an ocean beach.

Background

In recent years, as the land-source pollutants are discharged and the near-shore engineering generates a large amount of suspended silt, the natural wetland is reduced, the 'vegetation' of part of coastal beaches disappears rapidly, or as the sand coming from the sea outlet is accumulated continuously, part of the beaches are becoming a 'desert'. For example, the area of a horizontal sand island in Shanghai city with only 0m to 2m elevation line has hundreds of square kilometers, has no vegetation, and is a true plain beach. The light beach makes many fishes lose inhabitation places, the biodiversity is reduced, and the inhabitation density is reduced. Practice shows that the concrete frame fish reef, the stone fish reef and the like adopted at present cannot create an aqueous ecological environment because the light beach has no ecological substrate, and the function of the fish reef cannot be played.

The decline of the biological resources of the intertidal zone below 2m of the horizontal sand island at the Yangtze river estuary is serious, and the trend of ecological desertification is presented. As no plant exists on the beach surface, the typical submarine desert scene is presented, a lot of fishes, aquatic organisms and the like lose inhabitation places, and the biological diversity is seriously insufficient. The most effective way for the beach is manual repair, but aquatic plants cannot be planted on the beach, and the currently adopted fish reef has a single function and has no auxiliary planting function; if only a fish reef is built on the beach, the appearance of the beach is difficult to change, and fishes and aquatic organisms cannot be attracted to stay in the beach. The fish can grow suitable aquatic ecological environment only by having aquatic plants and fish reefs and eating and playing, and the fish and aquatic animals can stay in the fish and aquatic animals.

The artificial fish reef is a structure artificially arranged in the sea, and aims to improve the ecological environment of the sea area, build a good environment for the inhabitation of marine organisms, provide places for the propagation, growth, bait making and enemy sheltering of fishes and the like, and achieve the purposes of protecting, proliferating and improving the harvest yield. However, only fish reefs are built on the beach, no aquatic plants are provided, the appearance of the beach is difficult to change, and fishes and aquatic animals cannot be attracted to stay in the beach. Therefore, the setting of the fish reef and the changing of the condition of the aquatic plant need to be carried out simultaneously, and the setting of the fish reef and the changing of the condition of the aquatic plant cannot be wasted.

In conclusion, an aquatic ecological restoration technology is urgently needed for the light beach to control the desertification of the water area and provide a habitat for the bait organisms at the bottom of various food chains. The fish reef is a key link in the construction of a marine ranch, can change the living environment of fishes in the sea and has the effects of proliferation and aggregation. Therefore, the marine ecological environment construction can not be provided with the fish reef, but the light beach is not beneficial to the traditional fish reef to play a role, and the innovative fish reef type and the innovative light beach aquatic plant planting mode are urgently needed to change the severe environment of the light beach.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a beach ecological type bedded tree reef device and an arrangement method thereof, which can be used for planting aquatic plants and constructing fish reefs. The device is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory and constructed in an assembly way; not only provides a planting bed for the beach, but also provides a fish reef, and is particularly suitable for the ecological construction of ocean beach; simple structure, ecological environmental protection, investment saving, construction convenience, facility are reliable.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the bedded tree reef device comprises a planting bedded bed at the lower part and a tree-shaped fish reef at the upper part; the planting bed comprises a bed main body and a large buoyancy ring sleeved outside the bed main body; the bed main body is a cylinder with a jack in the middle; planting soil is filled in the foundation bed main body and is used for planting submerged plants; the bottom of the tree-shaped fish reef is inserted into the jack and fixed.

Based on the technical characteristics: the steel wire mesh forms an outer net of the foundation bed main body, and the bamboo chip net is positioned on the inner side of the steel wire mesh; the periphery of the jack is enclosed by a bamboo strip net.

Based on the technical characteristics: the straw curtain is arranged on the inner side of the vertical bamboo chip net; the grass mat is laid on the bamboo strip net on the bottom surface of the bed main body.

Based on the technical characteristics: the planting soil is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the density of the soil of the lower layer is larger than that of the soil of the upper layer.

Based on the technical characteristics: the large buoyancy ring is sleeved on the upper part of the foundation bed main body, and the top surface of the large buoyancy ring is higher than that of the foundation bed main body.

Based on the technical characteristics: the moso bamboo straight cylinder is a trunk of the tree-shaped fish reef; the moso bamboo branches are inserted into the inclined holes in the moso bamboo straight cylinder and fixed, the moso bamboo branches are arranged around the moso bamboo straight cylinder, and a plurality of small buoyancy rings are sleeved outside the moso bamboo straight cylinder.

Based on the technical characteristics: the projection length of the moso bamboo branches on the planting bed surface is less than the radius of the planting bed.

Based on the arrangement method for the beach ecological type bedded tree reef device, the method comprises the following three steps: the single seedbed tree reef devices are arranged in a scattered manner to form a reef array; the single foundation bed tree reef device is arranged in a single-row or multi-row linear mode to form a spur dike; the single bed tree reef device is arranged in a single row or multiple rows along the contour line of the beach to form a potential underwater dam.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention solves the problem of planting aquatic plants on the beach, combines the planting bed and reasonably arranges the fish reef, and provides a new bed tree reef technology which is resource-saving, low-carbon and environment-friendly.

(2) The components are standard, the same components are convenient to use, standardized manufacture, factory manufacture and assembly type construction are facilitated; simple structure, safety and reliability. The bed tree reef material is easy to develop and produce; the sand beach sand can be placed on the surface of a sand beach without installation and can be kept for a long time.

(3) The light beach can not grow plants, the tree-shaped fish reef with the planting bed is also a fish reef, and the planting bed is slowly rooted on the beach after falling to the beach surface. The planting beds on the plain beach are similar to flowerpots, and the pot bottom is a sparse straw mat which is easily penetrated by plant roots; planting in a shallow pot, and rooting in a fallen field.

The planting bed is not only a carrier of aquatic plants, but also a fish reef, and forms a complete reef body with the tree reef. The bamboo strip net forming the planting bed has affinity, provides habitat for plankton, and further provides biological chain for fish.

(4) The tree-shaped fish reef is made of moso bamboo, the moso bamboo is rich in resources, natural in material and good in biocompatibility, and is particularly suitable for inhabitation of aquatic organisms, the tree-shaped structure is formed, and after a large number of barnacles and algae are attached to branches, an underwater forest consisting of trees can be seen like leaves. The components are standard components and have universality, so that the components are convenient to manufacture in a factory and convenient to install on site.

(5) Various placement methods can be formed: in addition to the above three methods, it may be a starry arrangement, an arc arrangement, or the like. Through different arrangements, the flow velocity of the shoal area can be regulated, the shoal surface channeling is cut off, the shoal surface is prevented from being further scoured, the shoal surface is stabilized, the shoal environment easy to silt is constructed, and conditions are created for forming the ecological base structure.

(6) The ecological property of the light beach is improved by the point-area surface. As with trees and flowers planted in pots, water plants are swayed under the water, and small fish and shrimps are played around. The edge of the planting bed can continuously grow new plants, the new plants are continuously enlarged and are continuously flaky, and the light beach is green. The plants depend on the fish reef and are rooted on the plain beach. When the aquatic plants survive and expand and provide habitat for the aquatic animals, the aquatic plants and the fish reef form a benign biological system, supplement each other and expand continuously. The beach is prevented from being washed away, and the species is increased.

(7) The base bed tree reef device is made of moso bamboo materials, can be decomposed in seawater after ten years, and is natural and pollution-free; when the fertilizer is decomposed, lignin can be formed, the environment can not be damaged, and nutrition can be continuously provided for aquatic plants and aquatic animals. When the moso bamboo material is decomposed, the aquatic plant grows into pieces.

(8) The bed tree reef device has the characteristic of certain tidal current resistance, because the gravity center is always below the buoyancy center, even if the bed tree reef device is inclined under the action of the tidal current, the bed tree reef device can be immediately recovered after the tidal current is removed. The ecological restoration effect is obvious, and the method is particularly suitable for the ecological restoration of the sand tidal flat at the Yangtze river mouth.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a plan view of a bedding tree reef apparatus.

Fig. 2 is an elevation view of the bedding tree reef apparatus.

Fig. 3 is a plan view of the planting bed.

Fig. 4 is a sectional view of the planting bed.

Fig. 5 is an elevation view of the tree-shaped fish reef.

Fig. 6 is an assembly schematic diagram of the tree-shaped fish reef member.

Fig. 7 is an assembly schematic of the bedbed tree reef apparatus.

The reference numbers in the figures denote: a planting bed 1; a tree-shaped fish reef 2; a bedded tree reef apparatus 3; a steel wire mesh 4; a bamboo chip net 5; a straw curtain 6; a straw mat 7; a large buoyancy ring 8; a handle 9; a jack 10; planting soil 11; plant soil 12; submerged plants 13; a beach sand layer 14; a moso bamboo straight tube 15; a small buoyancy ring 16; moso bamboo branches 17; a bamboo chip inserting plate 18; an oblique hole 19; an insert plate hole 20.

Detailed Description

The following describes embodiments of the present invention in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "up", "down", "front", "back", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc., indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplicity of description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred device or element must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first" and "second" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In addition, in the description of the present invention, "a plurality" means two or more unless otherwise specified.

One, main component and function

As shown in fig. 7, the present foundation bed tree reef apparatus 3 is composed of a planting foundation bed 1 and a tree-shaped fish reef 2. The device is designed in a standardized way, manufactured in a factory and constructed in an assembly way. The following is divided into two parts of a planting bed 1 and a tree-shaped fish reef 2 to explain the composition and the function of each component.

1. A planting bed as shown in figures 1 to 4.

The planting bed 1 comprises a bed main body and a large buoyancy ring 8 sleeved outside the bed main body. The foundation bed main body is a cylinder with a vertical insertion hole 10 in the middle, and comprises a steel wire mesh 4, a bamboo sheet mesh 5, a straw curtain 6, a straw mat 7 and planting soil filled in the steel wire mesh, the bamboo sheet mesh and the straw mat. Also, a handle 9 may be provided. The planting bed 1 is a support body of the tree-shaped fish reef 2 and is used for providing a bed for planting aquatic plants and providing support for the tree-shaped fish reef 2. The structure and the construction of the planting bed are exemplified:

the diameter of the bed main body is 0.5m to 0.8m, the height of the bed is preferably 300mm to meet the planting thickness, but the bed is not too thick to increase the weight of the bed. The specific gravity of the foundation bed main body increasing buoyancy ring 8 is larger than that of water, and is generally 1300-1500 kN/m³It is preferable. After the planting soil and the bed main body are determined, the buoyancy of the large buoyancy ring 8 is adjusted to control.

1) Steel wire mesh 4: the steel wire mesh 4 and the bamboo chip mesh 5 form a supporting outer wall, the steel wire mesh 4 is made of galvanized steel bars, the diameter is determined according to strength requirements, and the mesh size is generally larger than about 300 mm. The net sheet can be made by cold-drawing hot-galvanized steel wire and resistance pressure welding. The steel wire meshes have the same size and shape and the same installation mode, so that standardized production and installation are facilitated.

2) Bamboo chip net 5: the bamboo chip net 5 is arranged on the inner side of the steel wire mesh 4, the bamboo chip net 5 is a bamboo chip woven net structure, and a bamboo chip net with a larger mesh can be generally adopted, if the mesh is larger than 150 mm; the bamboo strip net 5 is bound on the steel wire mesh 4 by iron wires, the two are interdependent, and each bamboo strip net 5 generally has 2 to 5 binding points. The bamboo chip net 5 can degrade harmful substances in water, can provide space for the attached growth and reproduction of microorganisms in water, and can promote the degradation of pollutants in water more by the increased microorganisms, so that virtuous cycle and ecological environmental protection are realized. The affinity of the bamboo chip net 5 provides a habitat for plankton and thus also provides a biological chain for fish. The bamboo chip net 5 can provide food chain for aquatic organisms and provide a foundation bed for aquatic plants even if the aquatic organisms are rotted after more than ten years, and the environment is not polluted.

The bamboo chip net 5 can degrade harmful substances in water, provide space for the attached growth and reproduction of microorganisms in water and continuously promote the degradation of pollutants in water. The bamboo chip net 5 belongs to natural ecological materials, and has biocompatibility, rough surface and large specific surface area. Bamboo resources in China are rich, and bamboo can be degraded due to low cost, reproducibility and low environmental pollution. Bamboo is natural in material, has good biocompatibility, is a material with application potential, and the effect of the novel bamboo fiber biomembrane carrier prepared by taking bamboo fiber as a raw material on water treatment is stable. The bamboo tube is cut into pieces from the middle part and is woven into a net piece. The microbial phospholipid content and dehydrogenase activity attached to the surface of the bamboo chips are high, so that space can be provided for the attached growth and propagation of microorganisms, and the degradation of pollutants in water can be continuously promoted.

3) Straw curtain 6 and straw mat 7: the grass curtain 6 is arranged on the inner side of the vertical bamboo chip net 5 on the periphery of the bed, is fixed on the bamboo chip net 5 at multiple points, and has the functions of intercepting the leakage of planting soil, and the functions are the same as those of the bamboo chip net 5, so that a habitat is provided for aquatic organisms. The straw mat 7 is laid on the bamboo sheet net 5 at the bottom of the base bed, is as sparse and thin as possible, so that the planting soil is kept not to be exposed from the bottom, and meanwhile, the root system of the plant can conveniently penetrate through the sand bed on the beach surface.

4) Planting soil materials: the upper layer is conventional planting soil 11, and the lower layer is plant soil 12. The plant soil 12 is a mixture of plant debris and soil, preferably in a volume ratio of 1:3, to reduce the weight of the bedding and to increase the spread of the plant roots.

When the planting soil in the foundation bed main body is filled, the density of the soil at the lower part is preferably high, and the density at the upper part is preferably low, so that the gravity center of the foundation bed is reduced as much as possible.

Planting submerged plants 13 on the planting soil, wherein the submerged plant planting method comprises an artificial transplanting method, namely planting seedlings into the foundation bed main body; the seed method is to embed seaweed seeds in planting soil of a foundation bed main body and allow the seaweed seeds to naturally germinate and grow. Suitable aquatic plants are selected for each place, for example, Acorus calamus and Ribes nigrum are suitable for Shanghai city horizontal Shadao plain. The root system of plant can penetrate the sparse straw mat 7 at the bottom of the bedding, penetrate the bamboo chip net 5 with the mesh, slowly prick the sand layer 14 of the light beach, along with the growth of the plant, the plant root system that gradually develops day by day makes the bedding main body organically combine together with the light beach to the extension that constantly outwards forms the plant that newly grows outside the bedding main body, by some to face. After the vegetation on the beach is diffused, a suitable benthic habitat and food source are provided for benthic organisms.

5) Large buoyancy ring 8: the large buoyancy ring is a ring body, and the top surface of the large buoyancy ring is not less than 100mm higher than the surface of the foundation bed main body so as to protect the planting soil surface of the foundation bed main body from water flow scouring. The inner diameter of the large buoyancy ring 8 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the foundation bed main body, the height is 1/3 smaller than the height of the foundation bed main body, and the width is determined by calculation according to the required buoyancy; the ring body is sleeved on the top surface of the foundation bed main body and is bound and fixed with the steel wire mesh 4 of the foundation bed main body.

The large buoyancy ring 8 is arranged on the periphery of the planting bed, and the convex overhanging ring body is like a fin and has a balance effect on tidal current impact resistance of the planting bed. And the buoyancy center of the planting bed is higher than the gravity center, so the planting bed can always keep an unripped posture.

The large buoyancy ring 8 is made of EPS foam plate, and the EPS plate is made of light materials with small water absorption, corrosion resistance, freezing resistance, oxidation resistance and ultraviolet resistance and is not corroded by seawater, chemicals, oil stains and aquatic organisms; no pollution and no environmental damage; light weight, high mechanical strength, etc. The service life is at least as long as 10 years, and almost no maintenance and repair cost is needed except for strong natural force and artificial improper use. The assembly is simple, rapid and flexible, the whole adopts a module structure, the size and the shape of the buoyancy ring can be determined according to the requirements of various conditions, and the manufacturing cost is low.

6) Handle 9 and socket 10

The handle 9 is U-shaped, is made of a plastic rope, is connected with the intersection of the steel wires on the top surface and the side surface of the planting bed and is mainly used as a hand grip during manual operation.

The jack 10 is a vertical reserved hole and is arranged in the center of the cylindrical foundation bed main body, the diameter of the jack is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the straight bamboo tube, and the periphery of the hole is surrounded by a bamboo chip net 5. After the straight bamboo tube of the moso bamboo is inserted, the gap between the two can be filled and fixed by using moso bamboo chips.

The planting bed is not only a carrier of aquatic plants, but also a fish reef, and forms a complete reef body with the tree-shaped fish reef. The bamboo web has affinity and provides a habitat for plankton and thus a biological chain for fish.

2. A tree-shaped fish reef as shown in fig. 1, 2, 5 and 6.

As shown in fig. 6: the tree-shaped fish reef 2 comprises a mao bamboo straight tube 15, a small buoyancy ring 16, mao bamboo branches 17 and bamboo chip inserting plates 18.

(1) Bamboo straight tube 15: the mao bamboo straight tube 15 is the trunk of the tree-shaped fish reef 2 and is made of the thicker sections of the middle and lower parts of a single mao bamboo. Inclined holes 19 with the angle of 45 degrees are uniformly arranged on the straight cylinder body, so as to avoid the hair bamboo joints as much as possible; in order to avoid cracking caused by punching, small holes are punched as leading holes, and after stress is released, the small holes are expanded into large holes. For the grafting of mao bamboo branch 17, but should not exceed two holes in the same horizontal cross-section department of straight section of thick bamboo, and two holes should be corresponding to set up. The lower section of the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15 is inserted into the insertion hole 10 reserved in the planting bed 1, the bottom end of the moso bamboo straight cylinder is limited by a bamboo strip insertion plate 18, and the top surface of the bed main body is limited by a small buoyancy ring 16. The length of the straight cylinder may be 2.0 to 2.5 times the diameter of the bed body, and the average diameter of the straight cylinder is preferably more than 120 mm.

(2) Small buoyancy ring 16: the small buoyancy ring 16 is a circular ring body, which provides buoyancy to enable the tree-shaped fish reef to suspend in water, and is a tightening ring of the mao bamboo straight cylinder 15, so that the integrity of the mao bamboo straight cylinder 15 can be maintained even if the mao bamboo straight cylinder 15 is cracked. At least 3 bottom road rings which are contacted with the planting bed are vertically arranged along the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15 and also play a role in limiting the stoppers; the top of the straight bamboo tube 15 is provided with a ring body to avoid cracking of the straight bamboo tube 15 from the top. The small buoyancy ring 16 is sleeved on the mao bamboo straight cylinder 15 and is crosswise bound with the mao bamboo straight cylinder 15 by adopting a plastic rope. The inner diameter of the small buoyancy ring 16 is equal to the outer diameter of the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15, and the thickness and the height of the small buoyancy ring are determined according to the required buoyancy calculation.

(3) Moso bamboo branch 17: the moso bamboo branches 17 can be made of tips of moso bamboos, the diameter of an insertion end is generally not more than 50mm, and the moso bamboo branches are fixedly filled with moso bamboo chips after being inserted into the moso bamboo straight tube 15 at 45 degrees. The length of the branches is preferably smaller than the radius of the planting bed, and the length of the branches can be longer or shorter, so that the branches are not suitable for the same length.

The moso bamboo branches 17 should be evenly distributed in the space surrounding the moso bamboo straight tube 15, and extend in different directions to form an open space. The straight tube 15 adjacent to the moso bamboo is a small space, and the space is large outwards, so that the space is rich. The tree structure is easy for the attachment and growth of aquatic organisms such as algae and the like, and the trees are similar to full-hanging branches and leaves. The water flow moves around the trunk and the branches to form ascending flow and surrounding flow, so that the seawater rich in nutrition is brought up to attract fish schools to find food; branches and attached algae can generate vibration and shadows, and many fishes like the shadows, so the fishes are willing to swim to provide habitation for the fishes.

(4) Crushing bamboo chips: the broken bamboo pieces are used as filling gaps and auxiliary materials and are made of moso bamboos. The small buoyancy ring 16 and the straight bamboo tube 15 of the moso bamboo, the branch 17 of the moso bamboo are inserted into the inclined hole 19, when the two are connected with each other, the gap can be filled with the broken bamboo chips, thereby fixing the component firmly.

(5) Bamboo chip inserting plate 18: the bamboo chip inserting plate 18 is made of bamboo chips, is 2 bamboo chip plates with the same length, has the width smaller than 50mm and the length not smaller than 2 times of the diameter of the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15, is inserted into the inserting plate hole 20 at the bottom end of the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15, has the same exposed length at two ends and is used for connecting the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15 with the planting bed.

(6) Design requirements

The tree-shaped fish reef is designed to be suspended in water, and thus, the specific gravity thereof should be less than that of water so as to be suspended in water. By suspended is meant an object immersed in a liquid, the buoyancy of which is equal to its weight, the state of the object in the liquid, the buoyancy to which it is subjected being equal to its weight.

Single tree fish reef designMay be in terms of average ρ_{Floating body}＝950kg/m³And (5) designing and finishing the manufacture in a factory. The buoyancy of part of the moso bamboo branches 17 is preferably considered in the calculation and is controlled by the small buoyancy ring 16. The tree-shaped fish reef designed by suspension is vertically connected with the planting bed, and then self vertical suspension is naturally formed.

The tree-shaped fish reef is made of moso bamboos, the moso bamboos are rich in resources, natural in material and good in biocompatibility, is particularly suitable for inhabitation of aquatic organisms, has a tree-shaped structure, and is easy for attachment growth of aquatic organisms such as algae and the like to form a bait farm. The components are standard components and have universality, so that the components are convenient to manufacture in a factory and convenient to install on site.

Second, stability analysis

1. Usage state analysis

The above shows that the foundation bed tree reef device makes the center of gravity low through structural design. Because the gravity center is below the buoyancy action point, the device generates roll under the action of tide, and can be restored to a normal state after the roll force disappears, thereby ensuring the stability of the device. Because the buoyancy point is above the center of gravity, the moment of buoyancy must return the device to its normal state after the device is tilted under the action of the tide. Thus, the center of gravity is lower than the buoyancy action point, ensuring the stability of the device. The structure is simple, the thought is unique, the swinging effect is obvious, manual control is not needed, and any power is not needed; after the tidal current external force is removed, the automatic adjustment and the automatic balance can be realized.

2. Drop gesture analysis

No matter whether horizontal placement or vertical placement on the ship, because of the foundation bed tree reef focus below the buoyancy action point, under the automatic control of self structure, sink the in-process in aqueous, though rock and shake, nevertheless all can fall to the surface of light beach with vertical gesture to stand through self weight.

Third, arrangement method

The device is a single point-shaped structure, different beach problems can be solved by different arrangement methods from point to line and from point to surface, and 3 arrangement methods are mainly adopted: reef array type arrangement, spur dike type arrangement, submerged dike type arrangement and the like.

Through different arrangement methods, the flow velocity of the shoal area can be regulated, the shoal surface channeling is cut off, the shoal surface is prevented from being further scoured, the shoal surface is stabilized, a shoal environment easy to silt up is constructed, conditions are created for forming the ecological base structure, and the like. In the following, a certain project is taken as an example to explain different arrangement modes and solve different problems.

1. Reef array type arrangement

Taking a certain island project at the estuary of the Yangtze river as an example, due to the fact that the elevation of a shoal is too low, the hydrodynamic interference effect of tides, waves and the like is large, silt is lost, a large amount of nutrient substances cannot be accumulated, and a vegetation-containing salt marsh base is lacked, so that large benthonic animals such as nereides, shellfishes, crabs, snails and the like in the area are distributed less, the breakage of a food chain/net is single, and the biological diversity of an ecological system is extremely low. Therefore, the silt matrix needs to be supplemented on the basis of restraining water flow from washing and lifting the beach surface substrate, the sea weeds are planted through the device, a soft bottom habitat which is favored by benthonic organisms and is distributed by scirpus/scripus triqueter is built, and the ecological quality of the Yangtze river mouth is improved consciously.

This island light beach area is big, solves above-mentioned problem and can adopt the reef form to arrange, at the serious mud flat of problem to the device is arranged to the form looses, forms the reef array after a plurality of reefs are concentrated to be installed promptly, the interval 1.5m to 2.0m each other of adjacent reefs in the reef array. The sea grass is planted on the spot-strip surface, the fish reef is provided, and the light beach ecology is improved. The bedded tree reef arranged on the light beach like trees and flowers planted in the pots, water and grass are swayed on the water bottom, and small fish and shrimps are played on the periphery. The edge of the device can grow new plants continuously, the plants are enlarged continuously and are gradually connected into pieces, and the light beach is green. Plants depend on the seedbed tree reef and are rooted on the plain beach. When the plants survive and expand to provide habitat for aquatic animals, the aquatic plants and the fish reef form a benign biological system, supplement each other and expand continuously. The beach is prevented from being washed away, and the species is increased. An artificial fish reef area is built in the light beach sea area, original single flat sediment substrate is reconstructed, diversified habitat types are formed, and substrate reconstruction and flow field reconstruction effects are generated in the sea area.

Planting aquatic plants and putting fish reefs; by utilizing the device, two functions can be integrated, and a mudflat wetland ecosystem with complete and healthy performance is constructed. For the area of 0m to 2m light beach, natural ecological conservation is taken as the main part, and the beach is ploughed to herd fish, thereby providing a proper habitat for benthonic animals and fish in the intertidal zone.

2. T-dam type arrangement

The device is adopted to construct the spur dike, and the spur dike has water permeability, so that on one hand, the flow can be selected to control and dredge the water potential, and on the other hand, the flow velocity of dam water flow can be reduced due to the water permeability of the dam body, so that the silt is settled behind the dam, and the beach is built by purposefully silt falling. The device is independent, light in weight and suitable for soft soil foundations, and differential settlement does not affect the soft soil foundations; not only can effectively control the scouring of the riverbed around the structure, but also can adapt to the change of the surrounding terrain.

The invention arranges the punctiform bedded tree reefs according to a single-row or multi-row line type to form the spur dike. The floating type three-dimensional reef is used for supporting the flow-picking and scour-preventing of the spur dike and protecting the beach, is also used as a planting bed and a three-dimensional reef body, provides a habitat for fishes and aquatic animals and provides a green meaning of star points for the light beach.

The invention has the measures and the effects of resource saving, environmental protection, low carbon and environmental protection. The spur dike constructed by the device is ecological, low-carbon, environment-friendly, multifunctional and multipurpose. The method solves the problem of stone sources, relieves the problems of resource waste, environmental pollution and the like caused by stone throwing, saves the most comprehensive investment of engineering, has optimal comprehensive economic benefit and social benefit, is low-carbon, environment-friendly and resource-saving, and is worthy of great advocation.

3. Arrangement in form of submerged dam

An submerged dam is a potential underwater dam, namely an anti-scour structure arranged along the contour line of a beach. In the light beach which is mainly washed by wind waves, the effect of following the dam is very large. The submerged dam can prevent wind waves from washing and maintain the beach surface on one hand, and can play a role in promoting silt on the other hand, silt enters the downstream dam in high tide, deposits and silts in falling tide, and raises the beach surface in the submerged dam, thereby playing dual roles in protecting the beach and promoting silt.

Taking the example of the shoal of the horizontal sand island in the sea city, the continuous decrease in the amount of sand coming from the Yangtze river after 2010 has resulted in the shoal of the horizontal sand being in an erosive environment. In this context, the beach ecological environment of a horizontal sand beach is difficult to optimize by itself and will also face the risk of further deterioration. Therefore, it is urgently needed to adopt manual measures to provide shielding for the whole transverse sand shoal area, normalize the flow rate of the shoal area, cut off the shoal surface channeling, prevent the shoal surface from further scouring, stabilize the transverse sand shoal surface, construct the shoal environment easy to silt up, and create conditions for the formation of the ecological base structure.

When the shoal surface has a channeling groove, in order to prevent the shoal surface from being further scoured, the arrangement in the form of a submerged dam can be adopted, the channeling groove of the shoal surface is cut off, the shoal surface is prevented from being further scoured, and the shoal surface is stabilized. At this time, the device can be arranged perpendicular to the scurry ditch. The bedded tree reefs are dotted and arranged in a single-row or double-row manner to form a submerged dam. The floating and scour prevention beach protection is carried out, and the planting bed and the three-dimensional reef body are used for providing habitat for fishes and aquatic animals and providing the green meaning of star points for the light beach.

Fourthly, the concrete implementation method

The device has the same shape and size, so that the same components can be produced in a factory in a standardized way; the manufacturing and processing are convenient, the efficiency can be improved, the material consumption can be reduced, the product quality can be ensured, a large amount of field workload can be reduced, and the engineering quality of the device can be improved.

The bedding tree reef apparatus 3 is manufactured in a factory, and the same components are identical in size, shape and requirements, so that standardized production in the factory can be achieved, and assembly in the factory can be achieved. And (5) sending the water to a beach water area to be constructed, and putting the water on a ship.

1. Planting bed manufacturing method

The planting bed 1 comprises a bed main body and a large buoyancy ring 8 sleeved outside the bed main body; the foundation bed main body is a cylinder with a vertical insertion hole 10 in the middle, and comprises a steel wire mesh 4, a bamboo sheet mesh 5, a straw curtain 6, a straw mat 7 and planting soil filled in the steel wire mesh, the bamboo sheet mesh and the straw mat. Also, a handle 9 may be provided. According to the designed size, the following components are manufactured and assembled.

(1) Manufacturing a steel wire mesh 4, assembling the bottom and the side wall, and forming a cylindrical steel wire mesh on the top surface without assembling;

(2) the bamboo chip net 5 is manufactured and arranged on the inner side of the steel wire mesh 4, and the bamboo chip net 5 is arranged around the reserved jacks in the central part of the foundation bed main body;

(3) the straw mat 6 and the straw mat 7 are manufactured, the straw mat 6 is hung on the inner side of the bamboo chip net 5, and the straw mat 7 is laid on the bottom bamboo chip net 5;

(4) after the three steps are finished, forming an uncovered empty box cylinder, and reserving a jack 10 at the central part;

(5) planting soil is made and filled in the hollow cylinder, and then submerged plants 13 are planted on the planting soil;

(6) the top surface of the cylinder is paved with a bamboo chip net 5 with a large mesh, and then paved with a steel wire net 4 with a large mesh, and the two are respectively connected with the vertical bamboo chip net 5 and the steel wire net 4 into a whole;

(7) manufacturing handles 9 which are symmetrically arranged on the steel wire mesh 4 intersected with the side surface and the top surface of the foundation bed body;

(8) and manufacturing a large buoyancy ring 8, sleeving the large buoyancy ring outside the foundation bed main body, and binding the large buoyancy ring with the steel wire mesh.

To this end, the single planting base is completed, and the second is processed in the same manner, so that the process is circulated … …

2. Tree-shaped fish reef manufacturing

The tree-shaped fish reef 2 is composed of a mao bamboo straight cylinder 15, a small buoyancy ring 16, mao bamboo branches 17, inserting plate holes 20, broken bamboo pieces and bamboo piece inserting plates 18, the same components are the same in shape, size and effect, and the same materials and manufacture can be used universally.

(1) Manufacturing a small buoyancy ring 16, broken bamboo chips and bamboo chip inserting plates 18;

(2) manufacturing a moso bamboo straight tube 15, sleeving a small buoyancy ring 16, fixing broken bamboo chips, then finishing a 45-degree inclined hole 19, and reserving a square hole at the bottom end as a plug board hole 20;

(3) the mao bamboo branches 17 are manufactured and inserted into the mao bamboo straight tube 15, and the broken bamboo pieces are fixed.

Completing the single tree-shaped fish reef in the above (1) to (3), assembling the second one in the same manner, and repeating … …

3. Assembly of bed tree reef device

(1) Inserting the single tree-shaped fish reef 2 into the insertion hole 10 reserved in the planting foundation bed;

(2) the bottom end of the moso bamboo straight cylinder 15 is provided with a bamboo chip inserting plate 18, and a small buoyancy ring 16 is sleeved on the top surface of the planting bed 1.

Thus, a complete bedding tree reef apparatus 3 is formed after assembly. The second is assembled in the same way, so that … … is cycled.

4. In situ arrangement

A plurality of the bedded tree reef devices 3 are transported to the site of the photosea by ships in a centralized mode.

(1) A lifting device can be adopted on the ship to lift a bedded tree reef device 3 and place the device in a set water area;

(2) the bed tree reef device 3 can be manually lifted on the ship and placed in a designated water area along the ship side.

When the device is placed in water on a ship, no matter the device is placed horizontally or vertically, the bed tree reef device is similar to a tumbler, and under the automatic control of the self structure, the bed tree reef device always sinks to the beach surface of a light beach in a vertical posture in water and stands through the self weight.

By analogy, the same method arranges the next one in turn.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that, for those skilled in the art, various modifications and substitutions can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be regarded as the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. The utility model provides a be used for light beach ecotype bedding tree reef device which characterized in that: the bedded tree reef device (3) comprises a planting bedded bed (1) at the lower part and a tree-shaped fish reef (2) at the upper part; the planting bed (1) comprises a bed main body and a large buoyancy ring (8) sleeved outside the bed main body; the bed main body is a cylinder with a jack (10) in the middle; planting soil is filled in the foundation bed main body and used for planting submerged plants (13); the bottom of the tree-shaped fish reef (2) is inserted into the insertion hole (10) and fixed.

2. The tree reef apparatus for the beach ecotype bedded tree of claim 1 wherein: the steel wire mesh (4) forms an outer net of the foundation bed main body, and the bamboo chip net (5) is positioned on the inner side of the steel wire mesh (4); the periphery of the insertion hole (10) is enclosed by the bamboo chip net (5).

3. The tree reef apparatus for the beach ecotype bedded tree of claim 2 wherein: the straw curtain (6) is arranged on the inner side of the vertical bamboo chip net (5); the straw mat (7) is laid on the bamboo strip net (5) on the bottom surface of the bed main body.

4. The tree reef apparatus for the beach ecotype bedded tree of claim 1 wherein: the planting soil is divided into an upper layer and a lower layer, and the density of the soil of the lower layer is larger than that of the soil of the upper layer.

5. The tree reef apparatus for the beach ecotype bedded tree of claim 1 wherein: the large buoyancy ring (8) is sleeved on the upper portion of the foundation bed main body, and the top surface of the large buoyancy ring (8) is higher than that of the foundation bed main body.

6. The tree reef apparatus for the beach ecotype bedded tree of claim 1 wherein: the mao bamboo straight tube (15) is the trunk of the tree-shaped fish reef (2); moso bamboo branch (17) insert in slant hole (19) on the straight section of thick bamboo of Moso bamboo (15) and fixed, Moso bamboo branch (17) encircle arrange in the straight section of thick bamboo of Moso bamboo (15), the straight section of thick bamboo of Moso bamboo (15) overcoat has a plurality of little buoyancy circle (16).

7. The tree reef apparatus for the beach ecotype bedded tree of claim 6 wherein: the projection length of the moso bamboo branches (17) on the surface of the planting bed (1) is smaller than the radius of the planting bed (1).

8. The arrangement method for the beach ecological type bedbed tree reef apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bedded tree reef devices (3) are arranged in a scattered manner to form a reef array.

9. The arrangement method for the beach ecological type bedbed tree reef apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the foundation tree reef device (3) is arranged in a single-row or multi-row linear mode to form a spur dike.

10. The arrangement method for the beach ecological type bedbed tree reef apparatus of claim 1, wherein: the bed tree reef devices (3) are arranged in a single row or multiple rows along the contour line of the optical beach to form a potential underwater dam.