CN213756006U - Mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system - Google Patents
Mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system Download PDFInfo
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- CN213756006U CN213756006U CN202022321024.0U CN202022321024U CN213756006U CN 213756006 U CN213756006 U CN 213756006U CN 202022321024 U CN202022321024 U CN 202022321024U CN 213756006 U CN213756006 U CN 213756006U
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Abstract
The utility model discloses a mining area abandonment ground engineering is administered and ecological recovery system, restore subsystem, domatic channel, mining area steep slope surface ecological recovery subsystem, mining area gentle slope surface ecological recovery subsystem and mining area soil property limit domatic ecological recovery subsystem with plant including mining roof plane soil, mining roof plane soil is rebuild and the plant restores the subsystem and includes the original metalling in mining roof plane, bonds transition layer, microbial activator layer, plants organic soil horizon, surperficial nutrition absorbed layer and plant layer. The utility model discloses a mining area abandonment ground engineering is administered and ecological recovery system, the system utilizes soil science principle and ecology principle to mine roof plane and different slopes and surface characteristic, adopts corresponding engineering to administer and ecological recovery measure, prevents that the exposed surface soil erosion and water loss of mining area concreties the surface soil, and the stability of reinforcing side slope, ecological recovery are sustainable.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a mine wasteland ecological recovery technical field especially relates to a mining area wasteland engineering is administered and ecological recovery system.
Background
The mining area waste land refers to land which is destroyed in the mining process and cannot be used without treatment, mainly refers to land occupied by mining stripping soil, waste mine pits, tailings, gangue, ore washing wastewater sediments and the like, and also includes pre-occupied and post-used waste land such as mining operation surfaces, mechanical facilities, mine auxiliary buildings, mine roads and the like, and can be divided into four types according to the sources of the land:
a dumping field, which is a waste rock accumulation field formed by stripping surface soil, mining rock fragments and low-grade ore accumulation;
a stope, a mining abandoned land formed by a goaf and a subsidence area left after the mining of an ore body is finished;
thirdly, in a tailing area, the mined ores are subjected to ore concentrate selection to generate tailings, and the tailings are stacked to form a tailing waste area;
and fourthly, the other land which is discarded after being occupied comprises mining operation surfaces, mechanical facilities, auxiliary buildings of mining areas, road traffic and the like.
The generation of the abandoned land in the mining area inevitably brings many problems, such as occupation and destruction of a large amount of cultivated land resources, severe destruction of local natural ecological landscape, severe environmental impact on surrounding areas, induction of regional geological disasters, restriction of regional economic development, aggravation of social problems and the like.
The recovery work of the abandoned land of the mining area in China in recent times starts from the end of 1950 s, mainly develops the practical activity of reclamation and land reclamation, and also develops the experiment of soilless grain, vegetable and forest planting of fly ash and the comprehensive utilization research of wastes (coal gangue, fly ash and the like) in the 70-80 th 20 th century, however, for various reasons, the ecological restoration of the abandoned lands of the mining areas is still basically in the condition of sporadic, scattered, small-scale and low-level up to the 80 th century, the restoration area of the nationwide large and medium mining areas only accounts for 1.62 percent of the area of the national accumulated mining areas in 1990-1995, the recovery of small mining areas in villages and towns is almost zero, and the ecological recovery work of the abandoned mining areas in China is brought into the legal track by the land reclamation regulation promulgated by the nation in 10 months in 1998, particularly in recent years, the nation pays high attention to environmental protection, and the ecological recovery work of the abandoned mining areas is also greatly improved.
In the early recovery work of abandoned lands in mining areas in China, emphasis is placed on technologies and methods such as reclamation and grass seed spreading, hole sowing or furrow sowing, turf laying, frame type grass planting and the like, and although the technologies and methods play a great role, the effects are to be further improved and improved.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
The utility model aims at solving the defects existing in the prior art and providing a mining area abandoned land engineering management and ecological recovery system.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the utility model adopts the following technical scheme: a mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system comprises a mining roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem, a slope channel, a mining area steep slope ecological restoration subsystem, a mining area gentle slope ecological restoration subsystem and a mining area soil texture edge slope ecological restoration subsystem, wherein the mining roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem comprises a mining roof plane original gravel layer, a bonding transition layer, a microbial activator layer, a planting organic soil layer, a surface nutrition absorption layer and a plant layer, the upper end of the mining roof plane original gravel layer is fixedly paved with the bonding transition layer, the upper end of the bonding transition layer is fixedly paved with the microbial activator layer, the upper end of the microbial activator layer is fixedly paved with the planting organic soil layer, the upper end of the planting organic soil layer is fixedly paved with the surface nutrition absorption layer, and the upper end of the surface nutrition absorption layer is planted with the plant layer, the ecological restoration system comprises a slope surface ecological restoration subsystem, a slope surface channel, a slope surface installation anchor rod, a slope surface hanging net, a slope surface foreign soil spray seeding layer, a slope surface ecological protection vegetation layer, a slope surface plant and plant matching layer, a slow slope surface ecological restoration subsystem, a slow slope surface installation anchor rod, a slow slope surface hanging net, a slow slope surface foreign soil spray seeding layer, a slow slope surface plant and plant matching layer, and the lower end of the mining area slow slope surface ecological restoration subsystem is fixedly provided with a mining area soil texture side slope surface ecological restoration subsystem.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the steep slope plants and the plants on the plant matching layer are parthenocissus tricuspidata and ivy, and the plants are matched into trees and shrubs.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
gentle domatic installation stock, gentle domatic purse seine, gentle domatic foreign soil spray-seeding layer, the ecological bank protection of gentle domatic slope plant living layer and the domatic installation stock of abrupt slope, side slope purse seine, the domatic foreign soil spray-seeding layer of abrupt slope and the ecological bank protection of abrupt slope plant living layer of gentle slope are all the same, but gentle domatic plant and plant collocation layer are different with domatic plant and plant collocation layer of abrupt slope, the planting plant on gentle domatic plant and plant collocation layer is the miscanthus, and plant collocation is the bush.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the transverse spacing of the drainage channels of the slope surface channels is 30-40 m, and the specification and the size of the channels are B multiplied by H which is 600 multiplied by 600 mm.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
steep slope installation stock and gentle slope installation stock divide equally for long stock and short stock, and long stock length is 1.2 ~ 1.4m, and short stock length is 0.5 ~ 0.7m, and the stock diameter is 20 mm's screw-thread steel.
As a further description of the above technical solution:
the ecological restoration subsystem for the soil property side slope surface of the mining area is used for arranging the soil property side slope surface and then paving turf for slope protection and greening.
The utility model discloses following beneficial effect has:
compared with the prior art, the system aims at mine roof planes, different slopes and surface characteristics, utilizes the soil theory and the ecological theory, adopts corresponding engineering treatment and ecological restoration measures to prevent water and soil loss on the exposed surface of a mine area, consolidates surface soil, enhances the stability of a side slope, and can realize sustainable ecological restoration, the alien soil provides good conditions for plant root systems, the spatial proportion of plant communities can be optimized, reasonable configuration of grasses, irrigation and trees in space is realized, organic combination of the engineering measures and the ecological measures for treating the abandoned mine area is realized, and the problems of geological disasters and pollution such as collapse, debris flow, landslide and the like possibly caused by the abandoned mine area can be eliminated.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a mining area waste land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system provided by the utility model;
fig. 2 is the utility model provides a slope surface channel arrangement diagram of mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological recovery system.
Illustration of the drawings:
1. a mine roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem; 11. the original crushed stone layer on the plane of the mine roof; 12. bonding the transition layer; 13. a microbial activator layer; 14. planting an organic soil layer; 15. a surface nutrient-absorbing layer; 16. a plant layer; 2. a slope surface channel; 3. a mining area steep slope ecological restoration subsystem; 31. mounting an anchor rod on the steep slope; 32. hanging a net on the side slope; 33. a steep slope foreign soil spray-seeding layer; 34. a steep slope ecological slope protection vegetation layer; 35. steep slope plants and plant matching layers; 4. a mine gentle slope ecological restoration subsystem; 41. Mounting an anchor rod on the gentle slope surface; 42. hanging a net on the gentle slope surface; 43. a spraying layer for soil dressing on the slow slope surface; 44. a vegetation layer for slow slope ecological slope protection; 45. a slow slope plant and plant matching layer; 5. and an ecological restoration subsystem for the soil property side slope surface of the mining area.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments in the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without creative work belong to the protection scope of the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience of description and simplification of description, but do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the present invention; the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance, and furthermore, unless otherwise explicitly stated or limited, the terms "mounted," "connected," and "connected" are to be construed broadly and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; they may be connected directly or indirectly through intervening media, or they may be interconnected between two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in specific cases to those skilled in the art.
Referring to fig. 1-2, the present invention provides an embodiment: a mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system comprises a mining roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem 1, a slope channel 2, a mining area steep slope ecological restoration subsystem 3, a mining area gentle slope ecological restoration subsystem 4 and a mining area soil texture side slope ecological restoration subsystem 5, wherein the mining roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem 1 comprises a mining roof plane original gravel layer 11, an adhesive transition layer 12, a microbial activator layer 13, a planting organic soil layer 14, a surface nutrition absorption layer 15 and a plant layer 16, the upper end of the mining roof plane original gravel layer 11 is fixedly paved with the adhesive transition layer 12, the upper end of the adhesive transition layer 12 is fixedly paved with the microbial activator layer 13, the upper end of the microbial activator layer 13 is fixedly paved with the planting organic soil layer 14, the upper end of the planting organic soil layer 14 is fixedly paved with the surface nutrition absorption layer 15, the upper end of the surface nutrition absorption layer 15 is planted with the plant layer 16, a slope surface channel 2 is fixedly arranged on the slope surface of the mining area steep slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 3, a steep slope surface installation anchor rod 31 is fixedly arranged on the slope surface of the mining area steep slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 3, a side slope hanging net 32 is fixedly paved on the slope surface of the mining area steep slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 3, a steep slope surface foreign soil spray seeding layer 33 is fixedly paved on the upper end of the side slope hanging net 32, a steep slope surface ecological slope surface vegetation layer 34 is fixedly paved on the upper end of the steep slope surface ecological slope surface vegetation layer 34, a steep slope surface plant and plant matching layer 35 is planted on the upper end of the steep slope surface ecological slope surface vegetation layer 34, a mining area slow slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 4 is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the mining area steep slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 3, the mining area slow slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 4 comprises a slow slope surface installation anchor rod 41, a slow slope surface hanging net 42, a slow slope surface foreign soil spray seeding layer 43, a slow ecological slope surface vegetation layer 44 and a slow slope surface plant and plant matching layer 45, the lower end of the mining area slow slope ecological restoration subsystem 4 is fixedly provided with a mining area soil property side slope ecological restoration subsystem 5.
The steep slope plants and the plants of the plant collocation layer 35 are tigers creeper and ivy, the plants collocation is arbor shrubs, the anchor rods 41 for installing the slow slope surface, the hanging net 42 for the slow slope surface, the soil dressing spray seeding layer 43 for the slow slope surface, the ecological slope protection plant growing layer 44 for the slow slope surface, the anchor rods 31 for installing the steep slope surface, the hanging net 32 for the side slope surface, the soil dressing spray seeding layer 33 for the steep slope surface and the ecological slope protection plant growing layer 34 for the steep slope surface are the same, but the plant collocation layer 45 for the slow slope surface is different from the plant collocation layer 35 for the steep slope surface, the plants in the plant collocation layer 45 for the slow slope surface are Chinese silvergrass, the plants collocation is shrubs, the transverse distance between the drainage channels of the slope surface channels 2 is 30-40 m, the channel specification size is BxH-600 x 600mm, the anchor rods 31 for installing the steep slope surface and the anchor rods 41 for evenly dividing into long anchor rods and short anchor rods, the long anchor rods are 1.2-1.4 m, and the short anchor rods are 0.5-0.7 m, the diameter of the anchor rod is 20mm, and the mining area soil slope ecological restoration subsystem 5 is used for arranging soil slope and then paving turf, protecting slope and greening.
The working principle is as follows: the mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system cleans sundries and loose rock blocks of an original crushed stone layer 11 on a mining roof plane, so that the working surface is flat, measuring personnel respectively measure the length and the width of a calibration area by using a standard measuring ruler, make measurement records, calculate the area of each divided area, define the area by using lime, lay an adhesion transition layer 12 on the original crushed stone layer 11 on the mining roof plane after cleaning, the thickness of the adhesion transition layer 12 is 0.1m, spread a microbial activator layer 13 on the adhesion transition layer 12 with the spreading amount of 50 kg/mu, lay a planting organic soil layer 14 on the microbial activator layer 13, the filling height of the planting organic soil layer 14 is 0.5m, lay a surface nutrition absorption layer 15 on the planting organic soil layer 14, the thickness of the surface nutrition absorption layer 15 is 0.1m, and finally plant a plant layer 16 in the reconstructed soil, the plant layer 16 is landscape tree species Sijigui, so as to form a mine roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem 1, then the slope surface sundries and loose rock blocks are removed, the slope surface is trimmed to make the working surface smooth, the slope surface channel 2 is arranged, a steep slope surface mounting anchor rod 31 is mounted on the steep slope surface, a slope hanging net 32 is laid, a wire netting is laid along the slope surface from the slope top, the wire netting extends out of the slope top by 60cm, a 30cm wire netting is arranged at the slope bottom in platform filling soil, a steep slope surface soil dressing spray-seeding layer 33 is laid, the spray-seeding thickness is 10-15 cm, a slope surface ecological slope protection vegetation layer 34 is laid after the air drying time is 6-8 h, finally steep slope surface plants and a plant matching layer 35 are planted, the steep slope surface plants are hill-climbing tigers and common ivy, the plants are matched with shrubs, so as to form a steep slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 3 in the mine area, the formation of a slow slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 4 in the mine area is basically the same as the slope surface ecological restoration subsystem 3 in the mine area, only the gentle slope plants and the plant matching layer 45 are different, the plants planted on the gentle slope are Chinese silvergrass, the plants are matched into shrubs, and the slope ecological restoration subsystem 5 is constructed at the soil texture side of the mining area, so that a complete mining area waste land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system is formed.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made in the embodiments or in part of the technical features of the embodiments without departing from the spirit and the scope of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. The utility model provides a mining area abandonment ground engineering is administered and ecological recovery system, includes that mining area plane soil is rebuild and plant recovery subsystem (1), domatic channel (2), mining area steep slope face ecological recovery subsystem (3), mining area gentle slope face ecological recovery subsystem (4) and mining area soil property limit domatic ecological recovery subsystem (5), its characterized in that: the mine roof plane soil reconstruction and plant restoration subsystem (1) comprises an original crushed stone layer (11) of a mine roof plane, a bonding transition layer (12), a microbial activator layer (13), a planting organic soil layer (14), a surface nutrition absorption layer (15) and a plant layer (16), the bonding transition layer (12) is fixedly laid at the upper end of the original crushed stone layer (11) of the mine roof plane, the microbial activator layer (13) is fixedly laid at the upper end of the bonding transition layer (12), the planting organic soil layer (14) is fixedly laid at the upper end of the microbial activator layer (13), the surface nutrition absorption layer (15) is fixedly laid at the upper end of the planting organic soil layer (14), the plant layer (16) is planted at the upper end of the surface nutrition absorption layer (15), and a slope channel (2) is fixedly arranged on the slope of the steep slope ecological restoration subsystem (3) of a mine area, the fixed abrupt slope face installation stock (31) that is provided with on the domatic face of mining area abrupt slope face ecological restoration subsystem (3), slope hanging net (32) has been laid to the fixed slope face of mining area abrupt slope face ecological restoration subsystem (3) on domatic face, slope hanging net (32) upper end is fixed to have laid abrupt slope face foreign soil spray-seeding layer (33), abrupt slope face foreign soil spray-seeding layer (33) upper end is fixed to have laid abrupt slope face ecological slope protection vegetation layer (34), abrupt slope face plant and plant collocation layer (35) have been planted to abrupt slope face ecological slope protection vegetation layer (34) upper end, fixed mining area slow slope face ecological restoration subsystem (4) that is provided with of mining area abrupt slope face ecological restoration subsystem (3) lower extreme, mining area slow slope face ecological restoration subsystem (4) including slow slope face installation stock (41), slow slope hanging net (42), slow foreign soil spray-seeding layer (43) of slow slope face, A slow slope ecological slope protection vegetation layer (44) and a slow slope plant and plant matching layer (45), wherein a mining area soil property side slope ecological restoration subsystem (5) is fixedly arranged at the lower end of the mining area slow slope ecological restoration subsystem (4).
2. The mining area wasteland engineering and ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: the steep slope plants and the plants of the plant matching layer (35) are parthenocissus tricuspidata and ivy, and the plants are matched with trees and shrubs.
3. The mining area wasteland engineering and ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: gentle domatic installation stock (41), gentle domatic pocket screen (42), gentle domatic foreign soil spray-seeding layer (43), gentle domatic ecological bank protection plant living layer (44) and abrupt domatic installation stock (31), side slope screen (32), abrupt domatic foreign soil spray-seeding layer (33) and abrupt domatic ecological bank protection plant living layer (34) homogeneous phase, nevertheless gentle domatic plant and plant collocation layer (45) are different with abrupt domatic plant and plant collocation layer (35), the planting plant on gentle domatic plant and plant collocation layer (45) is the miscanthus, and the plant collocation is the bush.
4. The mining area wasteland engineering and ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: the transverse spacing of the drainage channels of the slope surface channels (2) is 30-40 m, and the specification and the size of the channels are B multiplied by H which is 600 multiplied by 600 mm.
5. The mining area wasteland engineering and ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: steep slope face installation stock (31) and gentle slope face installation stock (41) are equallyd divide into long stock and short stock, and long stock length is 1.2 ~ 1.4m, and short stock length is 0.5 ~ 0.7m, and the stock diameter is 20 mm's screw-thread steel.
6. The mining area wasteland engineering and ecological restoration system according to claim 1, wherein: and the mining area soil property side slope ecological restoration subsystem (5) is used for arranging soil property side slopes and then paving turf to protect the slopes for greening.
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| CN202022321024.0U CN213756006U (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2020-10-19 | Mining area abandoned land engineering treatment and ecological restoration system |
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115075292A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-09-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for developing and utilizing logistics storage space of waste open-air sand pit |
| CN115874642A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-31 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Ecological restoration method for typical manganese ore tailing pond |
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2020
- 2020-10-19 CN CN202022321024.0U patent/CN213756006U/en active Active
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN115075292A (en) * | 2022-03-08 | 2022-09-20 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for developing and utilizing logistics storage space of waste open-air sand pit |
| CN115874642A (en) * | 2022-11-28 | 2023-03-31 | 重庆地质矿产研究院 | Ecological restoration method for typical manganese ore tailing pond |
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